User equipment and method performed by user equipment

Abstract

A user equipment and a method performed by the user equipment are disclosed. The method includes transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), capability information of three transmit (Tx) antenna ports; configuring the three Tx antenna ports based on predefined configuration information, the predefined configuration information comprising a codebook design, the codebook design comprising one or more matrices or vectors for mapping uplink data to be transmitted to more than two Tx antenna ports and less than four Tx antenna ports; and transmitting uplink data via the configured three Tx antenna ports.

Description

[0001] This application claims the priority benefits of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 624,027, filed on January 23, 2024, and U.S. Non - Provisional Patent Application No. 18 / 932,095, filed on October 30, 2024. The disclosures of the U.S. Provisional Application and the U.S. Non - Provisional Patent Application are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety into the content set forth herein. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to enhancements of uplink (UL) transmission capabilities within a fifth - generation (5G) new radio (NR) network. More specifically, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to the development of a mobile user equipment (UE) equipped with three transmit (Tx) antennas to enhance the performance of the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). Background Art

[0003] In the framework of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), UL transmissions can be classified by the number of supported Tx antennas and their associated codebooks, which define how signals are transmitted and processed. The specifications within the 5G NR standard support configurations of one, two, four, and eight Tx antennas. This range leaves a significant gap for mid - range devices that could benefit from enhanced UL performance without incurring the substantial power amplifier (PA) costs and increased device size associated with higher Tx antenna counts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the growing demand for higher UL throughput at a manageable hardware cost, this disclosure introduces support for three Tx antennas in the UE. This development may involve creating a new codebook design specifically tailored for three - port PUSCH operation, capable of supporting up to three - layer transmissions. The proposed enhancements to the NR specification include, for example, introducing new codebook designs for phase - interference coding, non - phase - interference coding, and partial - phase - interference coding. In addition, modified radio resource control (RRC) parameters are proposed to enable the 3 - Tx mode. This may include power scaling for PUSCH and sounding reference signal (SRS) ports configured for 3 - Tx transmission, and reconfiguration of existing four - port SRS resources to accommodate 3 - Tx codebook - based UL transmissions.

[0005] Integrating three Tx antennas in the design addresses practical limitations such as PA cost and device size, while improving UL throughput performance compared to the one, two, four, and eight Tx antenna configurations. This approach enhances overall network efficiency and user experience by providing improved flexibility in device design and network deployment.

[0006] In one embodiment, a method performed by a UE includes: sending, by the UE, capability information of three Tx antenna ports; configuring the three Tx antenna ports based on predefined configuration information, the predefined configuration information including a codebook design, the codebook design including one or more matrices or vectors for mapping uplink data to be transmitted to more than two Tx antenna ports and less than four Tx antenna ports; and transmitting the uplink data via the configured three Tx antenna ports.

[0007] In one embodiment, a UE includes: a memory device; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored on the memory device, wherein the instructions cause the processor: send, by the UE, capability information of three Tx antenna ports; configure the three Tx antenna ports based on predefined configuration information, the predefined configuration information including a codebook design, the codebook design including one or more matrices or vectors for mapping uplink data to be transmitted to more than two Tx antenna ports and less than four Tx antenna ports; and transmit the uplink data via the configured three Tx antenna ports. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In the following sections, aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein will be described with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a transmitting or receiving device in a communication system according to an embodiment; Figure 2 illustrates the deployment of a UE in a wireless network environment according to an embodiment; Figure 3 is a flowchart showing a UE configured to transmit UL data via three configured Tx antenna ports according to an embodiment; Figure 4 is a block diagram of an electronic device in a network environment according to an embodiment; and Figure 5 illustrates a system including a UE and a gNB communicating with each other according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the aspects disclosed herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0010] References to "an embodiment" or "embodiments" throughout this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment disclosed herein. Thus, the phrases "in an embodiment," "in embodiments," "according to an embodiment" (or other phrases with similar meanings) that appear throughout this specification may not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. Additionally, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In this regard, as used herein, the word "exemplary" means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" should not be construed as necessarily being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Additionally, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Further, depending on the context discussed herein, singular terms may include the corresponding plural forms, and plural terms may include the corresponding singular forms. Similarly, hyphenated terms (e.g., "two-dimensional," "pre-determined," "pixel-specific," etc.) may occasionally be used interchangeably with their corresponding non-hyphenated versions (e.g., "twodimensional," "predetermined," "pixel specific," etc.), and capitalized entries (e.g., "Counter Clock," "Row Select," "PIXOUT," etc.) may be used interchangeably with their corresponding non-capitalized versions (e.g., "counterclock," "row select," "pixout," etc.). Such occasional interchangeable use should not be regarded as inconsistent with each other.

[0011] Further, depending on the context discussed herein, singular terms may include the corresponding plural forms, and plural terms may include the corresponding singular forms. It is also noted that the various figures (including component diagrams) shown and discussed herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to scale. For example, for clarity, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements. Additionally, if deemed appropriate, reference numerals are repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding and / or similar elements.

[0012] The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing only some example embodiments and are not intended to limit the claimed subject matter. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms are also intended to include the plural forms. It will also be understood that when used in this specification, the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising" indicate the presence of the stated features, states, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, states, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0013] It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on", "connected to", or "coupled to" another element or layer, the element or layer can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on", "directly connected to", or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, no intervening elements or layers are present. The same reference numerals always refer to the same elements. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any combination and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0014] As used herein, terms such as "first", "second", etc. are used as labels for the nouns that follow them and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.) unless explicitly defined as such. Additionally, the same reference numerals may be used across two or more figures to refer to components, assemblies, blocks, circuits, units, or modules having the same or similar functionality. However, such use is for simplicity of illustration and ease of discussion only; it does not imply that the construction or architectural details of such components or units are the same in all embodiments, or that such commonly referenced components or modules are the only way to implement some of the example embodiments disclosed herein.

[0015] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter belongs. It will also be understood that terms (such as those defined in a general dictionary) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0016] As used herein, a "Tx antenna port" refers to a physical or logical interface in a user equipment (UE) for transmitting an uplink (UL) signal to a network entity (such as a gNB). These ports enable the UE to transmit data via different transmission paths or antennas. The term may include configurations in which multiple antenna ports are used for coherent precoding, non-coherent precoding, or partial coherent precoding depending on the selected transmission mode. Each port is associated with specific UL characteristics (or parameters) (such as frequency, phase, and timing), thereby allowing precise control of UL transmissions. The term encompasses any mechanism by which the UE can transmit via one or more UL paths to enhance performance in a wireless communication network.

[0017] As used herein, "resource" (or "SRS resource") refers to the SRS transmitted by a UE to enable a network entity (such as a gNB) to estimate the UL channel quality. The SRS resource includes one or more SRS ports mapped to specific physical resources (such as time, frequency, or antenna ports), and is used for channel state information (CSI) feedback or for UL scheduling purposes. The term may also cover multiple SRS resources in a scenario where the UE transmits via multiple antenna ports to provide the network with information for optimizing UL transmission parameters. These resources are configured based on a specific transmission mode (e.g., periodic or aperiodic) and help maintain efficient communication between the UE and the network.

[0018] As used herein, "codebook" refers to a predefined set of matrices or vectors used by a UE for precoding UL transmissions. The codebook provides a mapping of how the transmission signal is distributed across multiple antenna ports (e.g., UL Tx antenna ports) to optimize beamforming or spatial multiplexing. In this context, the codebook allows the UE to select a specific precoding vector or matrix that aligns the transmitted signal with the channel conditions, thereby enabling efficient signal transmission. The term may include variants of different types of precoding (such as coherent, non - coherent, and partial - coherent), targeting operations such as 3 UL Tx antenna configurations, to ensure optimal signal quality and improved UL transmission performance.

[0019] As used herein, "coherent" refers to a type of signal transmission in which multiple antenna ports or transmission paths are phase - synchronized. In coherent precoding, signals transmitted from different antenna ports are constructively combined, leveraging phase alignment to enhance signal strength, reduce interference, and improve transmission quality. Coherent transmission typically requires accurate phase information and is used in scenarios where precise control of the signal phase is needed to optimize beamforming or spatial multiplexing.

[0020] As used herein, "non - coherent" refers to a signal transmission method in which signals from different antenna ports or transmission paths are not phase - aligned. In non - coherent precoding, signals transmitted from multiple ports are processed independently without combining the signals based on phase information. This method is less complex than coherent transmission but may result in reduced signal strength and performance due to the lack of constructive interference. Non - coherent techniques can be used in environments where phase information is unavailable or not critical for performance.

[0021] As used herein, "partially coherent" refers to a hybrid signal transmission method that combines elements of both coherent and non - coherent transmission. In partially coherent precoding, some antenna ports or transmission paths are phase - aligned (coherent), while other antenna ports or transmission paths are not phase - aligned (non - coherent). This method provides a balance between the complexity of full - coherent transmission and the simplicity of non - coherent transmission. In scenarios where full phase alignment is challenging or unnecessary but a certain degree of phase coordination is beneficial for improving signal quality, partially coherent techniques can be used to optimize performance.

[0022] As used herein, "capability information" refers to data, signals, parameters, or reporting information generated or transmitted by a UE that describes the functional capabilities or limitations of the UE related to UL antenna ports, supported transport layers, and / or SRS capabilities. This information can include, but is not limited to, details about the maximum number of supported layers, the maximum number of SRS ports, and the UE's compatibility with a particular configuration (such as UL transmission using 3 Tx antenna ports).

[0023] In addition, capability information can cover UE capabilities related to RRC parameters, precoding methods (e.g., coherent, non - coherent, or partially coherent), and antenna switching configurations (e.g., 3T6R). This information can be sent to a network entity (such as a gNB or a base station) to notify or enable the proper configuration and management of resources for efficient UL data transmission. The term can cover any relevant data or reporting provided by the UE that facilitates the network - side configuration of the UE's antenna ports and UL transmission capabilities.

[0024] As used herein, "pre - defined configuration information" refers to any pre - determined data, parameters, or settings provided to the UE to manage or control the configuration of the UE's UL antenna ports, transmission resources, or associated operations. This can include, but is not limited to, pre - defined details about codebook designs for coherent, non - coherent, or partially coherent precoding and the configuration of SRS resources (such as port assignment, silencing or re - indexing of a particular SRS port, or power distribution among active SRS ports). Pre - defined configuration information can include specific enhancements suitable for a 3UL Tx antenna configuration.

[0025] In some embodiments, the pre - defined configuration information can specify transmission settings for different antenna port configurations (such as configurations for 3T6R or similar transmit / receive scenarios). This information can also include pre - established rules or parameters for UL transmission management such that the UE can follow network instructions related to the use of multiple antenna ports, transport layers, or resource allocations. The term can cover any configuration details provided to the UE prior to transmission or operation and used as a basis for configuring the UE's UL capabilities according to network requirements.

[0026] The present disclosure relates to optimizing the configuration and management of UL antenna ports, especially for SRS transmission, in a device having multiple Tx ports (such as, 3 Tx antennas). Thus, the methods and systems disclosed herein efficiently allocate and switch among multiple antenna ports to improve communication performance while minimizing interference, power consumption, and signaling overhead.

[0027] The present disclosure introduces a flexible configuration for SRS resource allocation, allowing different antenna switching mechanisms and power control techniques. It enables the UE to dynamically select and switch among different antenna ports for UL transmission. This provides better utilization of the available antenna resources, improving UL performance in terms of data rate and reliability. In addition, mechanisms for reducing overhead and enhancing efficacy are provided.

[0028] The present disclosure supports a range of configurations for various antenna setups (including, for example, 3T6R systems), focusing on how SRS ports and antenna ports are allocated, switched, and managed. By introducing flexibility in these configurations and incorporating new UE capability reporting, the present disclosure allows for improved 5G communication, especially in an environment with multi-antenna systems (e.g., 3 Tx) and varying efficacy requirements.

[0029] Figure 1 is a transmitting device or a receiving device in a communication system according to an embodiment.

[0030] Referring to Figure 1 , the device 100 can be a UE (e.g., a client device) or a gNB, and includes a controller module 101 (e.g., a processor), a storage module 102, and an antenna module 103.

[0031] The controller module 101, the storage module 102, and the antenna module 103 can be structural components to facilitate efficient and accurate transmission or reception of wireless signals. As described herein, the transmitted wireless signals can be compressed (e.g., encoded) before transmission and recombined (e.g., decoded) after reception. The device 100 can include all of the structural components required for compressing, transmitting, receiving, and / or decompressing wireless signals.

[0032] The controller module 101 may include at least one processor and may execute instructions stored in the storage module 102. For example, the controller module 101 may execute instructions for performing compression, decompression, and signaling techniques. Additionally, the controller module 101 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) for performing signal processing on signals. The DSP may include one or more processing modules for functions such as synchronization, equalization, and demodulation. The processing modules may be implemented using one or more DSP techniques such as fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (IFFT), and digital filtering. Additionally or alternatively, the controller module 101 may include an application processor (AP) for running user applications (such as a web browser, a video player, and other software applications) on the device 100. The AP may include one or more processing units, a memory device, and an input or output interface.

[0033] The storage module 102 may include a temporary or non-temporary memory storing instructions that, when executed, cause the controller module 101 to perform steps for executing the signaling and configuration techniques described herein. Additionally, the storage module 102 may include a protocol stack for implementing communication protocols. The protocol stack may include one or more layers such as a physical layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer.

[0034] The antenna module 103 may include one or more antennas for wirelessly transmitting and receiving signals with a base station, a UE, or another device. For example, the antenna module 103 may receive a signal transmitted by the base station and convert it into an electrical signal.

[0035] The device 100 may be a receiver in a wireless communication system in the downlink (DL) (e.g., a UE in a 5G NR system). Additionally or alternatively, the UE may modulate (e.g., compress) a signal and send the signal to the gNB. Additionally, the device 100 may also send signals via the antenna module 103 and may thus be a transmitter or a gNB.

[0036] Figure 2 Shows the deployment of a UE in a wireless network environment according to an embodiment.

[0037] Refer to Figure 2, UE 201 and a base station (e.g., gNB) 202 are shown in a network environment. In this figure, the UE 201, depicted as a cellular device, is located within a communication area within a predefined proximity to the base station 202, thereby allowing it to send and receive signals with the base station 202. The arrows indicate the communication paths from the base station 202 to the UE 201 and vice versa. Although one reference line with an arrow is shown, two or more communication paths implemented through logical antenna ports can be used for UL transmissions of the UE 201 (such as 2 Tx, 3 Tx, 4 Tx, 6 Tx, and / or 8 Tx). This disclosure generally focuses on systems and methods for configuring 3 Tx antenna ports.

[0038] Codebook-based UL transmissions will now be described.

[0039] With the growing demand for higher UL throughput, introducing UEs with 3 Tx chains provides a practical solution that offers a beneficial trade-off between performance and signaling overhead. These 3 Tx devices provide a compromise between the higher PA cost and larger size of 4 Tx antenna port devices and the lower UL throughput performance of 3 Tx antenna port devices. Therefore, modifications to the current specifications are needed to support 3 Tx antenna port codebook-based UL transmissions.

[0040] In the field of codebook-based physical UL shared channels (PUSCH) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmissions, a parameter called maxNumberMIMO-LayersCB-PUSCH is defined in the UE. This parameter indicates the maximum number of supported layers, where the existing candidate values are {1, 2, 4, 8}. The emergence of devices with 3 Tx antenna ports may require introducing a new candidate value {3} for this parameter. To ensure backward compatibility, a new signaling protocol can be implemented for UEs with 3 Tx antennas such that they can declare a maximum rank of 1 or 2 for the existing signaling system while allowing a maximum rank of 1, 2, or 3 for the new signaling system. PUSCH-Config The radio resource control (RRC) parameter maxRank in the information element (IE) is updated to support this new value {3}.

[0041] In addition, introducing 3 Tx antenna port devices may require enhancing the number of supported sounding reference signal (SRS) ports. The specification may include UE characteristics for SRS resources, and the UE characteristics for SRS resources use a parameter called maxNumberSRS-Ports-PerResource with values {1, 2, 4, 8}. The candidate value {3} has been added to accommodate 3 Tx antenna port devices, which can use signaling to declare 1 or 2 antenna ports for the existing system and 1, 2, or 3 antenna ports for the new signaling system. This update can also be reflected in the SRS-Config IE RRC parameter innrofSRS-Ports Among them, the value {3} is introduced.

[0042] To facilitate the adoption of this 3 Tx mode, a new RRC indication from the gNB would be required. This can be achieved explicitly by introducing a new RRC parameter, or implicitly by setting the configuration value {3} in the SRS-Config IE. Another approach could involve introducing a new RRC parameter for zero-power SRS port selection (such as nrofSRS-Ports ), which can be configured for 4-port SRS resources reused for 3Tx transmission. SRS- PortIndex

[0043] The codebook design for the 3Tx antenna port device can minimize the impact on the specification and may not require enhancement of the SRS resources. By utilizing the configured 4-port SRS resources, a non-coherent UL codebook can be developed for 3 Tx codebook-based UL transmission, where one specific port is always assigned zero power. For the remaining antenna ports, the power allocation can be adjusted by scaling the linear value according to the ratio of the number of antenna ports with non-zero PUSCH transmission power to three (three is the maximum number supported by the 3Tx antenna port device).

[0044] The selection of the specific port assigned zero power can be closely related to the SRS transmission setting. When configured with a higher layer parameter set to "codebook" txConfig , the UE can use at least one SRS resource before the scheduling downlink control information (DCI) is sent. The transmission precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) field in the DCI can specify the precoder for PUSCH transmission to align with the selected SRS resource. This setting can ensure that the number of antenna ports used in the UL codebook matches the number of antenna ports in the SRS resources indicated by DCI format 0_1, 0_2, or 0_3 or by configuredGrantConfig to facilitate the coherent transmission strategy.

[0045] The selection of the zero-power port can occur independently of the SRS setting through a predefined rule (e.g., always the fourth port), gNB configuration, or a decision made by the UE. This selection process can vary according to the layer, and additional signaling is required to manage the performance trade-off between efficient transmission and system complexity.

[0046] To accommodate scenarios where the port with zero power allocation is not the fourth port, the port re-indexing process may follow the guidelines established for SRS transmission. Optionally, specifying a three-port SRS resource may allow the introduction of a corresponding new UL codebook, enhancing the flexibility and performance of the system. In this setting, the power allocation for each antenna port may involve scaling linear values based on the number of active antenna ports relative to the maximum number of SRS ports supported in a single SRS resource.

[0047] This combined addition ensures that UEs with 3 Tx antenna ports can effectively meet the requirements of modern mobile communication networks, balancing system complexity with performance enhancement.

[0048] Non-coherent codebooks will now be described.

[0049] According to an embodiment, several non-coherent codebooks are proposed for codebook-based UL transmission for 3 Tx antenna ports, enabling efficient single-layer, two-layer, and three-layer transmission modes.

[0050] Single-layer transmission may utilize a four-port SRS resource, where the precoding matrix is adapted to support a 3 Tx antenna configuration. The precoding matrix for each antenna can be described as:

[0051] This reflects a 1 / power scaling normalization to accommodate a reduced number of active transmission chains. This configuration allows the reuse of the TPMI indices 0 to 3 specified in Table 6.3.1.5-2 and 6.3.1.5-3 of Technical Specification (TS) 38.211 (the tables from TS38.211 included in this disclosure are referenced using their corresponding table numbers from TS38.211) to adapt 3 Tx UL transmission.

[0052] Table 6.3.1.5-2: Precoding matrices for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is enabled [TS 38.211].

[0053]

[0054] Table 6.3.1.5-3: Precoding matrices for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is disabled [TS 38.211].

[0055]

[0056] These represent the standard precoding matrices for single-layer transmission W , implementing the method under different conditions where transform precoding is enabled or disabled.

[0057] For a three-port SRS resource, the codebook can be: , To optimize the transmission efficiency while maintaining the new power scaling.

[0058] Two-layer transmission with a four-port SRS resource can involve more complex precoding combinations to effectively support layered transmission. Examples of such combinations can include: , And similar configurations that utilize different antenna port combinations to enhance signal diversity and anti-interference. This mode can also support reusing the TPMI indices 0 to 5 from Table 6.3.1.5-5 of TS38.211 as shown below.

[0059] Table 6.3.1.5-5: Precoding matrix for two-layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is disabled [TS 38.211].

[0060]

[0061] For a three-port SRS resource, the matrix can be further simplified to configurations such as the following: , Aligned with the three available ports.

[0062] Three-layer transmission in the context of a four-port SRS resource can employ the following precoding matrix: , Facilitating the full utilization of the three transmission layers while still accommodating the fourth port without power. Additionally or alternatively, depending on the adaptation required by TS 38.211, the TPMI index 0 can be specifically used from Table 6.3.1.5-6 shown below, where the power scaling for 3 TxUL transmission is .

[0063] Table 6.3.1.5-6: Precoding matrix for three-layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is disabled [TS 38.211].

[0064]

[0065] When using a three-port SRS resource for three-layer transmission, the precoding matrix can be: , Optimizing the process to accommodate the three active Tx ports.

[0066] A coherent codebook will now be described.

[0067] According to an embodiment, a coherent codebook may be developed for codebook-based UL transmission for 3 Tx antenna ports, thus optimizing single-layer and multi-layer configurations.

[0068] Single-layer transmission may utilize four-port SRS resources and employ complex and varying precoding matrices designed to enhance signal diversity and performance. For example, the precoding configuration may be as follows: , .

[0069] For 3 Tx UL transmission, these configurations indicate that the UE may reuse the TPMI indices 12 to 27 for the four-port system in Tables 6.3.1.5-2 and 6.3.1.5-3 of TS 38.211 as shown below.

[0070] Table 6.3.1.5-2: Precoding matrices for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is enabled [TS 38.211].

[0071]

[0072] Table 6.3.1.5-3: Precoding matrices for single-layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is disabled [TS 38.211].

[0073]

[0074] These tables detail the standard precoding matrices for single-layer transmission when transform precoding is enabled or disabled W , adapting the power scaling while keeping the power of the last port (the fourth port) effectively zero.

[0075] For three-port SRS resources, the matrix configuration may be simplified to exclude the fourth port, thus maintaining the efficient transmission capability on the three used ports with corresponding precoding adjustments: , .

[0076] Two-layer transmission, , may introduce a more complex arrangement where each layer and is derived from the single-layer codebook and scaled for efficiency.

[0077] Examples include adjusting the precoding matrix to accommodate a four-port SRS resource with only three active ports: , .

[0078] According to an embodiment, in the context of TS 38.211, for 3 TxUL transmissions, the TPMI indices 14 to 21 in Table 6.2.1.5-5 shown below can be reused for a four-port configuration with a new power scaling Table 6.3.1.5-5 shows the precoding matrix configuration for two-layer transmissions with transform precoding disabled W focusing on efficient use of the available ports and ensuring that power is not allocated to the inactive fourth port.

[0079] Table 6.3.1.5-5: Precoding matrix for two-layer transmissions using four antenna ports with transform precoding disabled [TS 38.211].[[]END]]

[0080]

[0081] For a three-port SRS resource in a two-layer transmission, the matrix can be reduced to a 3×1 configuration, thus maintaining the integrity and efficiency of signal transmission on the available antenna ports, e.g.: , .

[0082] Three-layer transmissions can be used to further extend the method, selecting configurations from a single-layer codebook 、 and : .

[0083] These selections can then be applied to a four-port SRS resource as a 4×1 matrix with a power scaling of ensuring that only three ports are actively transmitting: .

[0084] This mode enables the TPMI indices 3 to 6 to be reused from Table 6.3.1.5-6 of TS 38.211 shown below for three-layer transmissions with transform precoding disabled, optimizing power allocation and maximizing transmission capacity.

[0085] Table 6.3.1.5-6: Precoding matrix for three-layer transmissions using four antenna ports with transform precoding disabled [TS 38.211].[[]END]]

[0086]

[0087] For a three - port SRS resource, a three - layer transmission configuration , and can be set as a 3×1 matrix to exclude inactive ports, concentrate the transmission power on the active ports, and maximize the efficiency and performance of the system: .

[0088] Now, the partial - coherence codebook will be described.

[0089] According to an embodiment, for a 3 Tx antenna - port device that follows the definition of partial coherence on two antenna ports, a specific partial - coherence codebook is developed for 3 Tx codebook - based UL transmission. For single - layer transmission using a four - port SRS resource, the codebook can include configurations with a power scaling factor (“s”) of for the following adjustment for three active transmission antennas: .

[0090] These configurations can allow the reuse of the TPMI indices 4 to 11 for a four - port setup as specified in Tables 6.3.1.5 - 2 and 6.3.1.5 - 3 of TS 38.211, which describe the precoding matrices adapted to support three active ports and one inactive port.

[0091] Table 6.3.1.5 - 2: Precoding matrices for single - layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is enabled [TS 38.211].

[0092]

[0093] Table 6.3.1.5 - 3: Precoding matrices for single - layer transmission using four antenna ports when transform precoding is disabled [TS 38.211].

[0094]

[0095] The three - port SRS resource can be set to: .

[0096] In two - layer transmission involving a four - port SRS resource, the codebook can be extended to include configurations such as: .

[0097] The UE can reuse TPMI indices 6 to 13 for a four-port configuration, combined with the new power scaling factor s as , as shown in Table 6.3.1.5-5 of TS 38.211 provided below.

[0098] Table 6.3.1.5-5: Precoding Matrix for Two-Layer Transmission Using Four Antenna Ports with Transform Precoding Disabled [TS 38.211].

[0099]

[0100] The three-port SRS resource can be set to: .

[0101] If the fourth port is a port assigned zero power, two TPMIs in a TPMI pair of TPMI 6 and TMPI 7, TMPI 8 and TMPI 9, TPMI 10 and TPMI 11, or TPMI 12 and TPMI 13 can reflect similar precoder settings.

[0102] UL full-power transmission will now be described.

[0103] Two limitations can impede the full-power transmission of the PUSCH. The first limitation can stem from the limitation of the precoder codebook transmitted by a UE equipped with non-coherent or partially coherent antennas. The second limitation can stem from the power allocation rule, which requires the UE to equally allocate power across all antenna ports from which it transmits the PUSCH with non-zero power.

[0104] Three operation modes can be specified as optional capabilities for UEs with full - power transmission for PUSCH. The first mode (referred to as "full - power" or "mode 0") can be designed for UEs (e.g., cap 0 UEs) with full - rated (e.g., maximum - rated power) PAs on all transmission chains, thus allowing any antenna - selected TPMI to support full - power transmission by adjusting the power scaling factor to s = 1. The second mode, "fullpowerMode1" (referred to as "mode 1"), can be used for UEs with full - rated PAs on a subset of the Tx chains and / or without full - rated PAs (e.g., cap1 UEs and cap 2 UEs). This mode can introduce new non - antenna - selected TPMIs and retain the power scaling factor s from the previous configuration. The third mode, "fullpowerMode2" (referred to as "mode 2"), can also be used for UEs with full - rated PAs on a subset of the Tx chains and / or without full - rated PAs (e.g., cap1 UEs and cap 2 UEs). This mode can achieve maximum output power transfer by means of full - power TPMI / TPMI groups with a modified power scaling factor s = 1 and / or by using antenna virtualization with the power scaling factor s from the previous configuration.

[0105] For 3 - Tx - antenna - port devices, these modes can be adapted to enhance their utility for 3 - Tx PUSCH transmissions. For example, mode 0 can allow a UE with full - rated PAs on all 3 Tx chains (e.g., cap 0 UE) to support any antenna - selected TPMI for full - power transmission, where the typical power scaling factor s for is replaced by 1. Mode 1 can allow a UE with full - rated PAs on a subset of the 3 Tx chains (e.g., cap 2 UE) or without full - rated PAs (e.g., cap1 UE) to utilize non - antenna - selected TPMIs defined for those TPMIs with the power scaling factor s defined for partially - coherent / non - coherent UEs. The power scaling factor s can be defined as the ratio of the number of antenna ports with non - zero PUSCH transmission power to the maximum number of antenna ports supported by a 3 - Tx UE (which is 3). This full - power UL transmission can use small cyclic delay diversity (S - CDD) to ensure coherence across antenna ports by applying relative delays between the Tx chains, effectively randomizing the effective channel, and preventing destructive interference. Mode 2 can allow a UE with full - rated PAs on a subset of the Tx chains (e.g., cap 2 UE) or a UE without full - rated PAs on any of the 3 Tx chains (e.g., cap1 UE) to deliver maximum output power by indicating a specific full - power TPMI / TPMI group with a modified power scaling factor s = 1 or by employing antenna virtualization with the same power scaling factor s as in the codebook.

[0106] The TPMI group indication in Mode 2 can be based on the UE's PA architecture and its reporting ability regarding which TPMIs support full - power transmission. These TPMIs can be selected from all the specified 3 - Tx codebooks or from a specific TPMI group defined for Mode 2 full - power operation, adjusting the power scaling factor s from a typical value (e.g., , or ) to 1 for full - power operation. Additionally, the power scaling factor s can be defined as the ratio of the number of antenna ports with non - zero PUSCH transmission power to the maximum number of antenna ports (for a 3 - Tx UE, the maximum number of antenna ports is three). For example, for a 4 - Tx UE, seven TPMI groups {G0, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6} can be specified for Mode 2 full - power operation. As shown in Table A below, these groups can also be applicable to 3 - Tx antenna - port devices, just adjusting the power scaling factor s from to to keep s = 1 for full - power operation via these groups.

[0107] Table A

[0108] According to an embodiment, using 3 - port SRS resources, a TPMI group table can be defined for 3 - Tx UEs as shown in Table B below.

[0109] Table B

[0110] The antenna virtualization method in Mode 2 can be implemented through the configuration of multiple SRS resources with different numbers of ports. Such virtualization of the UE can involve configuring up to four SRS resources within one set for a 3 - Tx UE. Each SRS resource can include 1, 2, or 4 ports. Specifically, a 4 - port SRS resource can be adapted for 3 - Tx port UL transmission, where the power assigned to a specific port is always zero.

[0111] Furthermore, in the case of 3 - port SRS resources, the number of ports included in each SRS resource can be 1, 2, or 3. The power scaling factor s can be defined based on the UE's operation configuration and the SRS resources. The power scaling factor s can be defined as the ratio of the number of antenna ports with non - zero PUSCH transmission power to the number of SRS ports. The number of SRS ports can be associated with the SRS resource indicated by the service radio indicator (SRI) field in the DCI format that schedules the PUSCH transmission. If in SRS-ResourceSetIf more than one SRS resource is configured, or if indicated by a type 1 configured grant, this scenario may apply. Additionally or alternatively, if only one SRS resource is configured in a SRS- SRS- ResourceSet where the use is set to "codebook", the number of SRS ports may be linked to the single configured SRS resource.

[0112] When there are more than one SRS resources in a SRS-ResourceSet SRS-ResourceSet where the use is set to "codebook", if the SRI field in the DCI format scheduling PUSCH Tx indicates an SRS resource with a single port, the power scaling factor s may be set to 1. If indicated by a type 1 configured grant, or if there is only one available SRS resource with a single port in a SRS-ResourceSet SRS-ResourceSet where the use is set to "codebook", this scenario may also apply. Thus, this method of power scaling can ensure that the power of the transmission is properly balanced across the active antennas, thereby optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of the Tx based on the available SRS configuration and the specific requirements of the Tx scenario.

[0113] SRS Tx will now be described.

[0114] For UE SRS transmissions characterized by 3 Tx antenna ports, considering the configurations made feasible by utilizing three antenna ports, the incorporation of codebook - based and antenna - switched SRS resources may require adjustment of the SRS transmission strategy. While non - codebook - based SRS resources can utilize single - port configurations that do not require enhanced SRS transmission, the complexity associated with codebook - based and antenna - switched SRS resources may require a configuration based on "for example, specifying a particular number of antenna ports for UL transmission using the SRS sequence of each antenna port of each antenna port the starting position in the frequency domain of each antenna port and / or the power scaling factor s of each antenna port".

[0115] For 3 Tx antenna port devices, SRS transmission can be efficiently managed with minimal impact on previously used configurations. This can be achieved by reusing a configured four - port SRS resource, where the power assigned to a particular port is always kept at zero. The determination of which port has zero - assigned power can be managed by several methods: predefined rules (such as always choosing the fourth port), a configuration set by the network's gNB, or a decision made by the UE itself. Considering the UE's PA architecture, port coherence capabilities, and the spatial characteristics of the channel, the criteria for selecting the port with zero power may involve balancing performance and the overhead required to signal this selection.

[0116] When the gNB makes a choice of a port with zero power, it can be transmitted to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically via MAC control element (CE) and / or DCI. This indication may need to be formatted as a code point or a bitmap, introducing new RRC parameters or reusing existing DCI / MAC CE fields, where the code point format generally incurs less signaling overhead. Optionally, the UE can autonomously decide which port will have zero power and convey this decision back to the gNB via UE capability signaling.

[0117] To simplify the design and ensure standardization across different deployments, a port re-indexing process can be used. This process can ensure that regardless of which port is initially chosen to have zero power, that port is consistently re-indexed to port 3 (e.g., the fourth port). Then, the remaining active ports can be re-indexed in sequential order from port 0 to port 2.

[0118] Additional or alternative strategies for managing SRS transmissions in 3 Tx antenna port devices can involve specifying 3-port SRS resources. This method can aim to determine the SRS sequence for each antenna port , the starting position in the frequency domain for each antenna port and / or the power scaling factor s for each antenna port . Such strategies ensure that the SRS configuration can be integrated with the existing network framework for 3 Tx antenna port configurations.

[0119] Cyclic shift will now be described.

[0120] According to an embodiment, an SRS resource sequence for a UE can be generated based on a specific Zadoff-Chu sequence assigned to the UE and designated as . When the UE transmits SRS from multiple antenna ports, the sequences transmitted from each antenna port can adopt different time-domain cyclic shifts of the sequence to ensure effective separation and clarity of the signals from each port. The sequence transmitted from antenna port can be defined by applying a cyclic shift to the sequence , which can be expressed as Equation 1: and Equation 1 where, is the length of the sequence equal to the number of resource elements allocated for SRS transmission, is the number of SRS symbols, and is the time-domain shift for antenna port , which is given as Equation 2:

[0121] Equation 2 in, is the maximum number of cyclic shifts given by Table 6.4.1.4.2-1 in TS 38.211 as shown below, represents the cyclic shift hopping configuration, and express hoppingFinerGranularity .

[0122] Table 6.4.1.4.2-1: As The maximum number of circular shifts of a function [TS 38.211].

[0123]

[0124] As can be seen in Table 6.4.1.4.2-1 in TS 38.211, the maximum number of cyclic shifts available to a UE may vary depending on the configured transmit comb size. (For example, each subcarriers), transmission comb size Provides frequency reuse opportunities for multiple UEs configured with the same subcarrier offset. For example, when the transmit comb size =2 is configured, The cyclic shift can be available when the transmission comb size =4 is configured, The cyclic shift may be available and when the transmission comb size =8 is configured, A cyclic shift of may be available.

[0125] Can be an antenna port The number of cyclic shifts and can be expressed as Equation 3:

[0126] Equation 3 in, Included in high-level parameters transmissionComb In, and It is determined by the high-level parameters nrofSRS-Ports The number of SRS ports given.

[0127] With the advent of devices equipped with 3 Tx antenna ports, it is necessary to determine the The SRS sequence may first need to be based on Determine the cyclic shift For a 4-port SRS resource, there may be a set of cyclic shifts assigned to the three antenna ports (e.g., Multiple alternative methods. First, a cyclic shift can be assigned to three antenna ports based on the actually transmitted port index (e.g., determined via a re-indexing step), where one cyclic shift can be reserved for additional SRS transmissions compared to the configuration for 4Tx transmissions.

[0128] For example, when the maximum number of cyclic shifts (e.g., transmission comb size as in Table 6.4.1.4.2-1 in TS 38.211 ), for 4-port SRS resources, the cyclic shift gap assigned to different antenna ports can be 2. Here, for 3Tx transmissions, one of the cyclic shifts can be reserved for other purposes or for SRS transmissions of another UE. For example, for a UE configured by the higher layer parameter transmissionComb as , the cyclic shift assigned for 4Tx port transmissions can be , which means that for 3Tx port transmissions, the assigned cyclic shift will be , while the cyclic shift can be reserved.

[0129] Similarly, when (e.g., transmission comb size as in Table 6.4.1.4.2-1 in TS 38.211 ), for 4-port SRS resources, the cyclic shift gap assigned to different antenna ports can be three, where for 3Tx transmissions, one cyclic shift can be reserved for other purposes or for SRS transmissions of another UE. For example, for a UE configured by the higher layer parameter transmissionComb as , the cyclic shift assigned for 4Tx port transmissions can be , which means that for 3Tx port transmissions, the assigned cyclic shift will be , while the cyclic shift can be reserved.

[0130] In addition, when (e.g., transmission comb size as in Table 6.4.1.4.2-1 in TS 38.211 ), for 4-port SRS resources, the cyclic shift gap assigned to different antenna ports can be three. For example, the cyclic shift assigned for 4Tx port transmissions can be , and it can also be applied as for 3Tx port transmissions. Although in the case of having In some systems, some cyclic shifts may have been reserved. However, in such a design, the frequency-domain allocation of the SRS sequences for different antenna ports invariably includes a gap of half of the comb size (e.g., )

[0131] Therefore, the value can be used according to Equation 4 below to define for 3 Tx transmissions:

[0132] Equation 4 According to an embodiment, in the case of a 4-port SRS resource, the cyclic shifts can be allocated to three antenna ports with the largest separation in order to reduce the likelihood of misdetection.

[0133] For example, when the maximum number of cyclic shifts is 8, the cyclic shifts between different antenna ports in a 3 Tx transmission system can be separated by three positions. This represents the maximum possible separation to mitigate the likelihood of misdetection. For example, for a UE configured by a higher layer parameter transmissionComb to be , the allocated cyclic shifts for 3 Tx port transmissions can be , with the maximum separation of three cyclic shifts.

[0134] Similarly, when the maximum number of cyclic shifts is 12, the cyclic shift gap for 3 Tx port transmissions can be set to four, again ensuring the maximum possible separation to avoid misdetection. For example, for a UE configured by a higher layer parameter transmissionComb to be , the allocated cyclic shifts for 3 Tx port transmissions can be , with the maximum separation of four cyclic shifts.

[0135] Furthermore, when the maximum number of cyclic shifts is 6, the cyclic shift gap for 3 Tx port transmissions can be two, which is the maximum possible separation in this configuration. For example, for a UE configured by a higher layer parameter transmissionComb to be , the allocated cyclic shifts for 3 Tx port transmissions can be , with the maximum separation of two cyclic shifts.

[0136] Therefore, the value can be used according to Equation 5 below to define for 3 Tx transmissions:

[0137] Equation 5 According to an embodiment, the design can use for of , where only two cyclic shifts with the maximum possible spacing are used, and the remaining available cyclic shifts are reserved. As described above, using such a design, the frequency-domain allocation of the SRS sequences for different antenna ports can consistently include gaps that are typically half of the comb size (e.g., ). When the frequency-domain starting position of the SRS sequence for each antenna port is determined in detail, this concept can be further discussed. In this design, the allocated cyclic shifts for 3 Tx port transmissions can be {0,6} in the case of (e.g., for the case of three ports, more specifically {0,0,6}), {0,4} in the case of (e.g., for the case of three ports, more specifically {0,0,4}), and {0,3} in the case of . That is, the value can be used according to Equation 6 below to define the for in 3 Tx transmissions:

[0138] Equation 6 According to an embodiment, only two cyclic shifts can be allocated with a spacing (" "), while reserving the remaining available cyclic shifts. Thus, for all being 6, 8, and 12, the allocated cyclic shifts for 3 Tx port transmissions will be . That is, the value can be used according to Equation 7 below to define the for in 3 Tx transmissions:

[0139] Equation 7 As described above, the frequency-domain allocation of the SRS sequences on different antenna ports can consistently maintain gap considerations, thus ensuring orthogonality and reducing the risk of false detection.

[0140] According to an embodiment, when specifying and configuring 3-port SRS resources, the previously used design can be followed to determine the SRS sequence for each antenna port . Cyclic shifts can be allocated to three antenna ports with the maximum spacing in order to reduce the likelihood of false detection.

[0141] For example, when the maximum number of cyclic shifts When it is 8, the cyclic shift gap for the allocation of different antenna ports for 3 Tx transmissions can be set to three, which is the maximum possible interval to reduce the risk of false detection. For example, for a UE configured by the higher layer parameter transmissionComb configured as , the allocated cyclic shift for 3 Tx port transmissions can be , with the maximum interval of three cyclic shifts.

[0142] Similarly, when the maximum number of cyclic shifts is 12, the cyclic shift gap for the allocation of different antenna ports for 3 Tx transmissions can be set to four, which is the maximum possible interval to reduce the risk of false detection. For example, for a UE configured by the higher layer parameter transmissionComb configured as , the allocated cyclic shift for 3 Tx port transmissions can be , with the maximum interval of four cyclic shifts.

[0143] In addition, when the maximum number of cyclic shifts is 6, the cyclic shift gap for the allocation of different antenna ports for 3 Tx transmissions can be set to two, which is the maximum possible interval to reduce the risk of false detection. For example, for a UE configured by the higher layer parameter transmissionComb configured as , the allocated cyclic shift for 3 Tx port transmissions can be , with the maximum interval of two cyclic shifts.

[0144] Therefore, the value can be used according to Equation 8 below to define the allocation of cyclic shifts for the set of 3 Tx antenna ports (e.g., ):

[0145] Equation 8 In addition, for both 3-port SRS resources and 4-port SRS resources, the transmission comb size , where is the number of SRS ports actually used for transmission among the SRS ports given by the higher layer parameter nrofSRS-Ports , can be used following the number of antenna ports with non-zero Tx power (e.g., ). The recommended value can represent the minimum comb size value for solving the worst-case scenario, in which the same cyclic shift is allocated to all SRS antenna ports, and thus the orthogonality of the SRS sequences of each antenna port is achieved only through frequency division multiplexing (FDM) (e.g., each antenna port transmits the same SRS sequence but with different comb offsets).

[0146] Typically, the transmission comb size can be . For example, a particular design can be , where m is an integer greater than or equal to one. A corresponding maximum number of cyclic shifts can also be specified for a 3 Tx antenna port device . Such candidate values for a 3-port SRS resource can be 6 and 12, since these are integer multiples of the number of antenna ports with non-zero Tx power (e.g., ) and / or the recommended comb size values (e.g., ). As a result, the assignment of cyclic shifts to different ports can be accomplished with minimal impact on the 3GPP specifications by reusing equations

[0147] The frequency domain starting position will now be described

[0148] Equation 9 below can be used to determine the frequency domain starting position of the SRS sequence for the i-th antenna port of an SRS resource with non-zero power

[0149] Equation 9 where and are frequency domain offsets due to frequency hopping and resource block (RB)-level partial frequency sounding configurations given by Equation 10 below

[0150] Equation 10 where is a frequency domain shift that adjusts the SRS allocation relative to a reference point grid and is included in the higher layer parameter freqDomainShift , is the number of subcarriers in an RB represents the frequency domain offset due to the SRS-PosResource configuration given in Table 6.4.1.4.3-2 of TS 38.211 as shown below represents the comb offset hopping configuration, and is defined based on Equation 11 below

[0151] Equation 11 where is the transmission comb offset included in the higher layer parameter transmissionComb . For illustration, for a 4-port SRS resource, can be determined based on Equation 12 below

[0152] Equation 12 Table 6.4.1.4.3-2: Offset of SRS as a and function of ′ [TS 38.211].

[0153]

[0154] Therefore, for , when is configured to be greater than or equal to the maximum number of cyclic shifts transmissionComb , even if different cyclic shifts have been used for the sequences of each antenna port, the SRS sequences for ports are allocated in the frequency domain with a semi-comb offset (e.g., and ). This can provide additional opportunities for orthogonality between SRS ports (especially when the traffic load is low) via different comb offsets (e.g., FDM) in order to improve the mean square error (MSE) performance of SRS estimation. In addition, when is and , the SRS sequences for ports are allocated in the frequency domain with a semi-comb offset (e.g., and ). Since 6 is not a multiple of 4, this design can be adopted to support 4-port SRS resources with a configured . Therefore, such a design provides high flexibility for the gNB to position different pairs of antenna ports with two different comb offsets with a minimal change in the cyclic shift allocation equation. and

[0155] In addition, the length of the SRS sequence allocation in the frequency domain (e.g., SRS sequence length) can be given by Equation 13 below:

[0156] Equation 13 where is given by the selected row of Table 6.4.1.4.3-1 in TS 38.211 as shown below, where if configured, is given by the field freqHopping in the higher layer parameter b-SRS , otherwise . It can be based on the​​freqHopping the fields in c-SRS the given index to select rows of the table. If configured, the quantity can be given by a higher layer parameter FreqScalingFactor otherwise . When FreqScalingFactor is configured, the UE can expect the length of the SRS sequence to be a multiple of 6.

[0157] Table 6.4.1.4.3-1: SRS Bandwidth Configuration [TS 38.211].

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] With the emergence of 3Tx antenna port devices, determining the starting frequency domain position of each antenna port may require deriving the comb offset for each antenna port of . Whether using 4-port SRS resources or 3-port SRS resources, the comb offset can be defined according to Equation 14 below:

[0161] Equation 14 where the orthogonality between SRS ports can be achieved by different cyclic shifts, different comb offsets, or both. For the gNB can flexibly configure the orthogonality between SRS ports, while for , the orthogonality can be achieved by both different cyclic shifts and different comb offsets.

[0162] According to another embodiment, the comb offset can also be defined by Equation 15 below :

[0163] Equation 15 where the orthogonality between SRS ports can again be achieved by different cyclic shifts, different comb offsets, or both, with flexible gNB configuration for all .

[0164] According to another embodiment, the comb offset can be defined by Equation 16 :

[0165] Equation 16 where, for all Orthogonality between SRS ports is always achieved by different cyclic shifts and different comb offsets; or the comb offset can be set to , where one comb offset is applied to all three ports, and for all Orthogonality between SRS ports is achieved by different cyclic shifts. For each of the above embodiments, different corresponding methods can be used to assign cyclic shifts to the set of 3 Tx antenna ports.

[0166] Power control will now be described.

[0167] SRS power control parameters can be configured semi-statically by RRC at the resource set level. These power control parameters can include the nominal UE Tx power for the SRS power control calculation shown below in Equation 17 , the partial power control multiplier and the path loss reference signal :

[0168] Equation 17 where and represent the active bandwidth part, carrier, serving cell, transmission occasion, and parameter set, respectively. refers to the configured UE transmission power, is the number of SRS resource blocks, is the subcarrier spacing, is the closed-loop power control component for state . Power is allocated to the antenna ports such that the UE evenly divides the power among the antenna ports on which the PUSCH is transmitted with non-zero power. This can be done using the amplitude scaling factor , as shown below in Equation 18, where the amplitude scaling factor is applied to the SRS sequence of each port:

[0169] Equation 18 where is the number of SRS ports given by the higher layer parameter nrofSRS-Ports , and is the SRS transmission power as described above . The sequence is the SRS sequence of antenna port on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol .

[0170] With the emergence of 3 Tx antenna port devices, for each antenna port The amplitude scaling factor of the SRS sequence can be changed to , where is the number of SRS ports for transmission among the SRS ports given by the higher layer parameter nrofSRS-Ports (for example, for 3 Tx transmission, ). For example, using 4-port SRS resources, the allocated power of a specific port should be zero, and the UE evenly divides the transmission power among the other three antenna ports on which the UE sends SRS with non-zero power. Therefore, for 4-port SRS resources, the amplitude scaling factor of the SRS sequence of the three SRS ports with non-zero power in 3 Tx transmission can be changed to in 4 Tx transmission. Therefore, the SRS sequence of each port can be set based on Equation 19 below:

[0171] Equation 19 Now, the antenna switching SRS configuration will be described.

[0172] According to an embodiment, when the UE is configured with SRS-ResourceSet in antennaSwitching , some systems may only support the configuration of supportedSRS-TxPortSwitch , where the transmit and receive configurations exist in . However, with the emergence of 3 Tx antenna port devices, an antenna switching configuration for the number of SRS resource sets and resources can be introduced to additionally support new UE capabilities for 1 transmit antenna on the UE and 3 receive antennas on the gNB (1T3R); 3 transmit antennas on the UE and 3 receive antennas on the gNB (3T3R); 3 transmit antennas on the UE and 4 receive antennas on the gNB (3T4R); 3 transmit antennas on the UE and 6 receive antennas on the gNB (3T6R); 6 transmit antennas on the UE and 6 receive antennas on the gNB (6T6R); and 3 transmit antennas on the UE and 8 receive antennas on the gNB (3T8R) supportedSRS-TxPortSwitch scenarios, where (where "x" is the number of transmit antennas and "y" is the number of receive antennas). Although the transmit antennas are referred to as "on the UE" and the receive antennas are referred to as "on the gNB", other configurations with receive antennas on the UE and transmit antennas on the gNB can be supported.

[0173] Now, the 1T3R scenario will be described.

[0174] In the 1T3R configuration, if the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic and / or srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS, different resource sets can be configured according to specific indications.

[0175] According to an embodiment, for a 1T3R configuration, when the UE only indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic at SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " semi-persistent ", at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType set to " periodic " at most one SRS resource set can be configured. Additionally or alternatively, SRS- ResourceSet in the higher layer parameter resourceType configured with different values, at most two SRS resource sets can be configured, with the limitation that the two SRS resource sets configured with " semi-persistent " cannot be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can include three SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, and each SRS resource in a given set can include a single SRS port. The SRS port of each resource can be associated with a different UE antenna port.

[0176] When the UE only indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS at resourceType set to " aperiodic ", at most three SRS resource sets and resourceType set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent " at most one SRS resource set can be configured. Additionally or alternatively, at most two SRS resource sets can be configured with SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType different values. In the case of three resource sets, three SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of three separate time slots, and the SRS port of each SRS resource can be associated with a different UE antenna port, where each set is configured with one SRS resource. For resourceType set to " aperiodic " for two resource sets, three SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots. The SRS port of each SRS resource can be associated with a different pair of UE antenna ports, where one set is configured with two SRS resources and the other set is configured with one SRS resource. When resourceType set to " aperiodic " only one resource set is configured, three SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of one time slot, where the SRS port of each resource is associated with a different UE antenna port. This set can be configured with three SRS resources. resourceType set to " periodic " or " semi - persistentEach SRS resource set of " may have three SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, where each resource includes a single SRS port, and the SRS port of each resource is associated with a different UE antenna port.

[0177] If the UE does not indicate srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic , then SRS - ResourceSet in resourceType is set to " periodic " or " semi - persistent ", zero, one, or two SRS resource sets configured with different values may be used. If the UE indicates srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic , then at most two SRS resource sets configured with semi - persistent set to " resourceType " and one SRS resource set configured with periodic set to " resourceType " may be configured, where the constraint is that two " semi - persistent " SRS resource sets may not be activated simultaneously. An SRS resource set may include three SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, and each resource may include a single SRS port, where the SRS port of each resource is associated with a different UE antenna port.

[0178] If the UE does not indicate srs - ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType set to " aperiodic ", zero or one SRS resource set may be configured. If the UE indicates srs - ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then at most three SRS resource sets configured with aperiodic set to " resourceType " may be used. If one resource set is configured, three SRS resources may be transmitted in different symbols of one time slot, where the SRS port of each resource is associated with a different UE antenna port. For two resource sets, three SRS resources may be transmitted in different symbols of two time slots, where the SRS port of each resource is associated with a different UE antenna port. One set may be configured with two SRS resources, and the other set may be configured with one resource. If three resource sets are configured, three SRS resources may be transmitted in different symbols of three separate time slots, and the SRS port of each resource may be associated with a different UE antenna port, where each set is configured with one SRS resource.

[0179] Additionally or optionally, for a 1T3R configuration, at most two SRS resource sets may be configured with SRS - ResourceSet different values of the higher layer parameter resourceType in

[0180] The 3T3R scenario will now be described.

[0181] According to an embodiment, for a 3T3R configuration using a 3-port SRS configuration, at most two SRS resource sets can be configured, each resource set including one SRS resource. Assuming the UE does not indicate srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic , the number of SRS ports for each resource can be three. If the UE indicates srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic , at most two SRS resource sets can still be configured, but the two SRS resource sets configured with the setting of " semi - persistent " cannot be activated simultaneously. Additionally, one SRS resource set can be configured with the setting of " resourceType ". In both cases, each SRS resource set has one SRS resource, and three SRS ports are allocated to each resource. periodic " resourceType

[0182] For a 3T3R configuration using a 4-port SRS configuration, at most three SRS resource sets can be configured, each SRS resource set including one SRS resource. Assuming the UE does not indicate srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic , the number of SRS ports for each resource can be four. When srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic is indicated, at most two SRS resource sets can be configured, following the same restrictions: the two " semi - persistent " SRS resource sets cannot be activated simultaneously, and one additional SRS resource set can be configured with the setting of " periodic ". In these configurations, each SRS resource can include four SRS ports; however, the UE may only need to operate on three ports of each configured SRS resource for three handover events. This means the UE can forgo antenna handover for a specific port. resourceType

[0183] The selection of the port to be forgone can be determined by a predefined rule (e.g., always select the fourth port), by configuration from the gNB, or by a decision made by the UE. This selection criterion may be influenced by factors such as performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence capabilities of the UE, or the spatial channel. Generally, the trade-off between performance and signaling overhead can guide the selection process. If the port selection is determined by the gNB, the decision can be transmitted to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically via MAC CE and / or DCI. This may require new RRC parameters via a code point or bitmap method or modification of existing DCI / MAC CE fields, where the code point method provides lower overhead. Additionally or alternatively, the UE itself can make the selection and notify the gNB via UE capability signaling.

[0184] Therefore, the port re-indexing process can assume that at the UE, the selected port (e.g., the fourth port) is re-indexed to port 3. The remaining ports can be re-indexed to ports 0, 1, and 2 in the order of their original numbers. After re-indexing, the UE can consistently abandon the antenna switching process for the fourth port for each SRS resource.

[0185] Now, the 3T4R scenario using a 3-port SRS configuration will be described.

[0186] For this configuration, when the UE indicates srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic and / or srs - ExtensionAperiodicSRS different resource set configurations can be applied.

[0187] According to an embodiment, if the UE only indicates srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic , then resourceType set to " semi - persistent " at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType set to " periodic " at most one SRS resource set can be configured. Additionally or optionally, SRS - ResourceSet the higher layer parameter resourceType configured with different values at most two SRS resource sets can be configured. However, resourceType the two SRS resource sets set to " semi - persistent " cannot be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can include four SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, where each SRS resource in a given set includes three SRS ports. The three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port (e.g., based on a predefined rule or configured and / or indicated) compared to the three SRS ports of another resource.

[0188] When the UE only indicates srs - ExtensionAperiodicSRS , resourceType set to " aperiodic " at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType set to " periodic " or " semi - persistent " at most one SRS resource set can be configured. Additionally or optionally, SRS - ResourceSet the higher layer parameter resourceType configured with different values at most two SRS resource sets can be used. If resourceType set to " aperiodicIf two SRS resource sets configured with “ resourceType ” are configured, a total of four SRS resources can be sent in different symbols of two separate time slots. Three SRS ports of each SRS resource in the two sets can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port (e.g., based on a predefined rule or configured and / or indicated). In this case, each of the two sets can be configured with two SRS resources. If resourceType is set to “ aperiodic ” and only one SRS resource set is configured, four SRS resources can be sent in different symbols of the same time slot. Each SRS resource can include three SRS ports, and the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port compared to the three SRS ports of another resource.

[0189] For resourceType set to “ periodic ” or “ semi - persistent ” SRS resource sets, four SRS resources can be sent in different symbols. Each SRS resource can include three SRS ports, and the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port compared to the three SRS ports of another resource.

[0190] If the UE does not indicate srs - AntennaSwitching2SP - 1Periodic , zero, one, or two SRS resource sets can be configured with different values of the higher layer parameter SRS - ResourceSet set to “ resourceType ” or “ periodic ”. If the UE indicates semi-persistent , at most two SRS resource sets with srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic set to “ resourceType ” and at most one SRS resource set with semi-persistent set to “ resourceType ” can be configured, provided that the two “ periodic ” SRS resource sets are not activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can include four SRS resources sent in different symbols, where each resource includes three SRS ports. The three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port compared to the three SRS ports of another resource. semi-persistent Additionally or optionally, if the UE does not indicate

[0191] , zero or one SRS resource set with srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS set to “ resourceType ” can be configured. If the UE indicates aperiodic , then srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType set to “ aperiodicAt most two SRS resource sets of " can be configured. If one " aperiodic " resource set is configured, four SRS resources can be sent in different symbols of the same time slot, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, each SRS resource can include three SRS ports associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port. If two resource sets are configured, four SRS resources can be sent in different symbols of two different time slots, and the three SRS ports of each SRS resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port. In this case, each of the two sets can be configured with two SRS resources.

[0192] Otherwise, the available SRS-ResourceSet in the higher layer parameters resourceType with different values can be used to configure at most two SRS resource sets, where each SRS resource set includes four SRS resources sent in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set can include three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port.

[0193] The above solution can provide the maximum number of feasible opportunities for the UE to freely select, combine, and switch three transmit ports from its four available ports for 3 Tx transmissions. However, a more general alternative method is feasible.

[0194] According to an embodiment, when the UE only indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic When resourceType is set to " semi-persistent ", at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType set to " periodic " at most one SRS resource set can be configured. Additionally or alternatively, SRS-ResourceSet in the higher layer parameters resourceType at most two SRS resource sets with different values can be configured. resourceType Set to " semi- persistent " The two SRS resource sets will not be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can include 2 to 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) sent in different symbols, where each SRS resource includes three SRS ports. Compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated) at least one specific different UE antenna port.

[0195] When the UE only indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS When resourceType is set to " aperiodicAt most two SRS resource sets of " resourceType " are set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent ", and at most one SRS resource set can be configured. Additionally or alternatively, SRS-ResourceSet The higher layer parameters in resourceType At most two SRS resource sets with different values can be used. If resourceType " is set to " aperiodic ", and two SRS resource sets are configured, then between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) can be sent in different symbols of two separate time slots. Three SRS ports of each resource in the two sets can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). In this case, each of the two sets can be configured with two SRS resources. If resourceType " is set to " aperiodic ", and only one SRS resource set is configured, then between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) should be sent in different symbols within the same time slot. Each SRS resource should include three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port.

[0196] resourceType " is set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent ", and each SRS resource set can include between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) sent in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set can include three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port.

[0197] If the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then zero, one, or two SRS resource sets can be configured with different values of the higher layer parameters SRS-ResourceSet set to " resourceType " or " periodic " or " semi-persistent ". If srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic is indicated, then resourceType " is set to " semi-persistent ", and at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType " is set to " periodic ", and at most one SRS resource set can be configured, provided that the two " semi-persistent"SRS resource sets are not activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set shall include between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set shall include three SRS ports, and the three SRS ports of each resource shall be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port compared to the three SRS ports of another resource.

[0198] Additionally or optionally, if the UE does not indicate srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType is set to " aperiodic ", zero or one SRS resource set can be configured. If the UE indicates srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType is set to " aperiodic ", at most two SRS resource sets can be configured. If a " aperiodic " resource set is configured, between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) shall be transmitted in different symbols of the same time slot, and each SRS resource can include three SRS ports associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port compared to the three SRS ports of another resource. If two resource sets are configured, between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) can be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots. The three SRS ports of each SRS resource in the two sets shall be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port. In this case, each of the two sets shall be configured with two SRS resources.

[0199] Otherwise, up to two SRS resource sets can be configured with different values of the higher layer parameter SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType , where each set includes between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource shall include three SRS ports, and the three SRS ports of each resource shall be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port compared to the three SRS ports of another resource.

[0200] Therefore, it can be through predefined rules (e.g., always the first port, the last port, or the ports), to identify specific different UE antenna ports by decisions made by the gNB configuration or by the UE. The selection criteria may also be related to performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence capabilities of the UE, or the spatial channel conditions. Generally, there may be a trade-off in determining the selection criteria between performance and indication overhead. If the port selection is determined by the gNB, it may be indicated to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically via MAC CE and / or DCI. This indication may require new RRC parameters or modified DCI / MACCE fields by a code point or bitmap method, where the code point method results in less overhead. Additionally or optionally, the UE may select the ports and notify the gNB via UE capability signaling.

[0201] A 3T4R scenario using a 4-port SRS configuration will now be described.

[0202] For this configuration, when the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic and / or srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS different resource set configurations may be applied.

[0203] According to an embodiment, if the UE only indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then resourceType is set to " semi-persistent " and at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType is set to " periodic " and at most one SRS resource set may be configured. Additionally or optionally, SRS-ResourceSet in the higher layer parameter resourceType at most two SRS resource sets configured with different values may be configured. resourceType The two SRS resource sets set to " semi-persistent " should not be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set may include four SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, where each SRS resource in a given set includes four SRS ports. The SRS ports of each resource should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated), compared to the SRS ports of another resource.

[0204] If the UE only indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType is set to " aperiodic " and at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType is set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent " and at most one SRS resource set may be configured. Additionally or optionally, SRS-ResourceSet in the higher layer parameter resourceType at most two SRS resource sets with different values may be configured. In resourceType set to "aperiodic In the case of two SRS resource sets of "", a total of four SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots. The SRS ports of each resource in the two sets should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). Each set can be configured with two SRS resources. In resourceType Set to " aperiodic ", when one resource set is configured, four SRS resources should be transmitted in different symbols within the same time slot. Each SRS resource can include four SRS ports, and compared with the SRS ports of another resource, the SRS ports of each resource should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). resourceType Set to " periodic " or " semi- persistent ", each SRS resource set can include four SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, where each SRS resource in a given set includes four SRS ports. Compared with the SRS ports of another resource, the SRS ports of each resource should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0205] If the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then SRS-ResourceSet The higher layer parameter in resourceType Set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent ", zero, one, or two SRS resource sets with different values can be configured. If the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then resourceType Set to " semi-persistent ", at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType Set to " periodic ", at most one SRS resource set can be configured, provided that resourceType Set to " semi- persistent ", the two SRS resource sets are not activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set should include four SRS resources transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set should include four SRS ports, and compared with the SRS ports of another resource, the SRS ports of each resource should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0206] Additionally or optionally, if the UE does not indicate srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , thenresourceType Set to " aperiodic ", zero or one SRS resource set can be configured. If the UE indicates srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType Set to " aperiodic ", at most two SRS resource sets can be configured. In the case where one " aperiodic " resource set is configured, a total of four SRS resources should be transmitted in different symbols within the same time slot. Each SRS resource can include four SRS ports, and compared with the SRS ports of another resource, the SRS ports of each resource should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). If two resource sets are configured, a total of four SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots. The SRS ports of each resource in the two sets should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). Each set can be configured with two SRS resources.

[0207] Otherwise, at most two SRS resource sets can be configured with different values of the higher layer parameter SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType , where each set includes four SRS resources transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource can include four SRS ports, and compared with the SRS ports of another resource, the SRS ports of each resource should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0208] The above solution can provide the maximum number of feasible opportunities for the UE to freely select, combine, and switch three transmit ports from its four ports for 3 Tx transmissions. However, a more general alternative method is feasible.

[0209] According to an embodiment, when the UE only indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , resourceType Set to " semi-persistent ", at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType Set to " periodic ", at most one SRS resource set can be configured. Additionally or alternatively, SRS-ResourceSet in the higher layer parameter resourceType , at most two SRS resource sets configured with different values can be configured. The two SRS resource sets configured with " semi-persistent " of resourceType should not be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can include between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4), where each SRS resource in a given set includes four SRS ports. Compared with the four SRS ports of another resource, the four SRS ports of each resource shall be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on a predefined rule or configured and / or indicated).

[0210] When the UE only indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS at that time resourceType is set to " aperiodic ", at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType is set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent " at most one SRS resource set can be configured. Additionally or optionally, SRS-ResourceSet the higher layer parameter in resourceType at most two SRS resource sets configured with different values can be configured. In the case of resourceType being set to " aperiodic ", between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) can be sent in different symbols of two different time slots. The four SRS ports of each resource in the two sets shall be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on a predefined rule or configured and / or indicated). Each set can be configured with two SRS resources. In the case of resourceType being set to " aperiodic ", between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) shall be sent in different symbols within the same time slot. Each SRS resource can include four SRS ports, and compared with the four SRS ports of another resource, the four SRS ports of each resource shall be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on a predefined rule or configured and / or indicated). resourceType being set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent " each SRS resource set can include between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) sent in different symbols, where each SRS resource in a given set includes four SRS ports. Compared with the four SRS ports of another resource, the four SRS ports of each resource shall be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on a predefined rule or configured and / or indicated).

[0211] If the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then SRS-ResourceSet the higher layer parameter inresourceType Set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent ", zero, one, or two SRS resource sets with different values can be configured. If the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then resourceType Set to " semi-persistent " and at most two SRS resource sets resourceType Set to " periodic " can be configured, provided that resourceType Set to " semi- persistent " and the two SRS resource sets are not both activated. Each SRS resource set should include 2 to 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) sent in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set can include four SRS ports, and compared with the four SRS ports of another resource, the four SRS ports of each resource should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0212] Additionally or optionally, if the UE does not indicate srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType Set to " aperiodic " and zero or one SRS resource set can be configured. If the UE indicates srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType Set to " aperiodic " and at most two SRS resource sets can be configured. In the case where one " aperiodic " resource set is configured, 2 to 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) should be sent in different symbols within the same time slot. Each SRS resource can include four SRS ports, and compared with the four SRS ports of another resource, the four SRS ports of each resource should be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power. If two resource sets are configured, 2 to 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) can be sent in different symbols in two different time slots. The four SRS ports of each resource in the two sets should be associated with at least one different UE antenna port with non-zero power. Each set can be configured with two SRS resources.

[0213] Otherwise, the high-layer parameter SRS-ResourceSet in resourceTypeConfigure at most two SRS resource sets with different values, where each set includes between 2 and 4 SRS resources (2 ≤ ≤ 4) transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource may include four SRS ports, and compared with the four SRS ports of another resource, the four SRS ports of each resource shall be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0214] In these configurations, the number of SRS ports for each resource is four, while the UE only needs to operate on three ports of the SRS resources in each configuration. That is, the UE can waive antenna switching on a specific port identifier (ID). The selection of this one specific port among the four antenna ports for each SRS resource can be determined by a predefined rule (e.g., always the fourth port), by gNB configuration, or by a decision made by the UE. Such a selection criterion may be related to performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence ability of the UE, and / or spatial channel conditions. Therefore, generally, there may be a beneficial trade-off between performance and indication overhead that can form a selection criterion. When the gNB decides on port selection, it can be indicated to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically via MAC CE and / or DCI. Such an indication may require new RRC parameters or new and / or reused DCI / MAC CE fields using a codepoint method or a bitmap method, where the codepoint method results in less overhead.

[0215] Additionally or optionally, the UE can determine the port and notify the gNB, where this determination can be transmitted by using UE capability signaling. Without loss of generality, the port re-indexing process can be assumed to be at the UE, where the selected specific port is re-indexed to port 3 (e.g., the fourth port), and the other remaining ports are re-indexed to ports 0, 1, and 2 in the order of their port numbers accordingly. Therefore, after re-indexing, the UE can always waive the antenna switching process on the fourth port of each SRS resource.

[0216] In addition, it can be through a predefined rule (e.g., always the first port, the last port, or the Port), identify at least one specific different UE antenna port through gNB configuration or determination made by the UE. The selection criteria may also be related to performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence ability of the UE, and / or the spatial channel conditions. Thus, generally, there may be a beneficial trade-off between performance and indication overhead that can form the selection criteria. When the port selection is determined by the gNB, it can be indicated to the UE semi-statically through RRC configuration or dynamically through MAC CE and / or DCI. Such indication may require new RRC parameters or new and / or reused DCI / MAC CE fields using a code point method or a bitmap method, where the code point method results in less overhead. Additionally or optionally, the UE can determine the port and notify the gNB through UE capability signaling.

[0217] Now, the 3T6R scenario using a 3-port SRS configuration will be described.

[0218] For this configuration, when the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic and / or srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS different resource set configurations can be applied.

[0219] When the UE only indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic then resourceType up to two SRS resource sets set to " semi-persistent " and resourceType up to one SRS resource set set to " periodic " can be configured. Additionally or optionally, SRS-ResourceSet up to two SRS resource sets with different values configured for the higher layer parameter resourceType in resourceType can be configured. semi-persistent The two SRS resource sets set to "

[0220] " should not be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set may include two SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, where each SRS resource in a given set includes three SRS ports. The three SRS ports of the second resource should be associated with UE antenna ports different from the three SRS ports of the first resource. srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS then resourceType up to two SRS resource sets set to " aperiodic " and resourceType up to one SRS resource set set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent " can be configured. Additionally or optionally, SRS-ResourceSet up to two SRS resource sets with different values for the higher layer parameter resourceType in resourceType can be configured. In aperiodicIn the case of two resource sets of "", a total of two SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots. The three SRS ports of each resource in the two sets should be associated with different UE antenna ports. Each set can be configured with one SRS resource. In resourceType set to " aperiodic ", when one resource set configured is set to " resourceType set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent ", each SRS resource set can include two SRS resources transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set should include three SRS ports, and the three SRS ports of the second resource should be associated with UE antenna ports different from those of the three SRS ports of the first resource.

[0221] If the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then SRS-ResourceSet in the higher layer parameters resourceType set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent ", zero, one, or two SRS resource sets with different values can be configured. If the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then resourceType set to " semi-persistent " at most two SRS resource sets and resourceType set to " periodic " at most one SRS resource set can be configured, provided that resourceType set to " semi- persistent " the two SRS resource sets are not activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can include two SRS resources transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set can include three SRS ports, and the three SRS ports of the second resource should be associated with UE antenna ports different from those of the three SRS ports of the first resource.

[0222] Additionally or optionally, if the UE does not indicate srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType set to " aperiodic " zero or one SRS resource set can be configured. If the UE indicates srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType set to " aperiodic " at most two SRS resource sets can be configured. In one " aperiodicWhen a resource set is configured, two SRS resources shall be transmitted in different symbols within the same time slot. Each SRS resource may include three SRS ports, and the three SRS ports of the second resource shall be associated with UE antenna ports different from the three SRS ports of the first resource. If two resource sets are configured, a total of two SRS resources may be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots. The three SRS ports of each resource in the two sets shall be associated with different UE antenna ports. Each set may be configured with one SRS resource.

[0223] Otherwise, up to two SRS resource sets may be configured with different values of the higher layer parameters SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType . Each SRS resource set shall include two SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, where each SRS resource in a given set includes three SRS ports. The three SRS ports of the second resource shall be associated with UE antenna ports different from the three SRS ports of the first resource.

[0224] Now, the 3T6R scenario using a 4-port SRS configuration will be described.

[0225] For this configuration, different resource set configurations may be applied when the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic and / or srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS .

[0226] According to an embodiment, when the UE indicates only srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , resourceType up to two SRS resource sets with semi-persistent set to " resourceType " and periodic up to one SRS resource set with SRS-ResourceSet set to " resourceType " may be configured. Additionally or alternatively, resourceType up to two SRS resource sets configured with different values of the higher layer parameters semi- persistent in

[0227] When the UE indicates only srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , resourceType up to two SRS resource sets with aperiodic set to " resourceType " and periodic set to " semi-persistentAt most one SRS resource set of "" can be configured. Additionally or optionally, SRS-ResourceSet The higher layer parameters in resourceType At most two SRS resource sets configured with different values can be configured. In resourceType Set to " aperiodic " For two resource sets, a total of two SRS resources can be sent in different symbols of two different time slots. The SRS ports of each resource in the two sets should be associated with different UE antenna ports. Each set can be configured with one SRS resource. In resourceType Set to " aperiodic " When one resource set is configured, two SRS resources should be sent in different symbols within the same time slot. Each SRS resource in a given set can include four SRS ports, and the SRS ports of the second resource should be associated with a UE antenna port different from that of the first resource. resourceType Set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent " Each SRS resource set can include two SRS resources sent in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set should include four SRS ports, and the SRS ports of the second resource should be associated with a UE antenna port different from that of the first resource.

[0228] If the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then SRS-ResourceSet The higher layer parameters in resourceType Set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent " Zero, one, or two SRS resource sets with different values can be configured. If the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then resourceType Set to " semi-persistent " At most two SRS resource sets and resourceType Set to " periodic " At most one SRS resource set can be configured, provided that resourceType Set to " semi- persistent " The two SRS resource sets are not activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set should include two SRS resources sent in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set can include four SRS ports, and the SRS ports of the second resource should be associated with a UE antenna port different from that of the first resource.

[0229] Additionally or optionally, if the UE does not indicate srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType Set to " aperiodic " Zero or one SRS resource set can be configured. If the UE indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then resourceType is set to " aperiodic ", at most two SRS resource sets can be configured. In the case where one " aperiodic " resource set is configured, two SRS resources should be transmitted in different symbols within the same time slot. Each SRS resource can include four SRS ports, and the SRS ports of the second resource should be associated with UE antenna ports different from those of the first resource. If two resource sets are configured, a total of two SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots. The SRS ports of each resource in the two sets should be associated with different UE antenna ports. Each set can be configured with one SRS resource.

[0230] Otherwise, up to two SRS resource sets can be configured with different values of the higher layer parameter SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType . Each SRS resource set should include two SRS resources transmitted in different symbols, where each SRS resource in a given set includes four SRS ports. The SRS ports of the second resource should be associated with UE antenna ports different from those of the first resource.

[0231] Therefore, in these configurations, the number of SRS ports for each resource is four, while the UE operates three handover events on only three ports of each configured SRS resource. This means that the UE abandons antenna handover on a specific port ID. The selection of this one specific port among the four antenna ports for each SRS resource can be determined by a predefined rule (e.g., always the fourth port), by gNB configuration, or via a decision on the UE side. This selection criterion can involve performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence ability of the UE, and / or the spatial channel. Therefore, there can be a beneficial trade-off between performance and indication overhead that can form the basis of the selection criterion. If the port selection is decided on the gNB side, it can be indicated to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically through MAC CE and / or DCI. Such an indication may require new RRC parameters or new and / or reused DCI / MAC CE fields configured in a code point or bitmap method, where the code point method will have less overhead. Additionally or alternatively, the UE can decide and then notify the gNB, where the indication can be sent via UE capability signaling.

[0232] Without loss of generality, the UE can be responsible for the port re-indexing process. The selected specific port can be re-indexed as port 3 (e.g., the fourth port), while the remaining ports are re-indexed as ports 0, 1, and 2 in the order of their port numbers accordingly. Therefore, after re-indexing, the UE can consistently abandon the antenna handover process on the fourth port of each SRS resource.

[0233] Now, the 6T6R scenario using the 6-port SRS configuration will be described.

[0234] For this configuration, at most two SRS resource sets can be configured, each SRS resource set having one SRS resource, where if the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , the number of SRS ports for each resource is six. Two SRS resource sets can be configured, where SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType is set to " semi- persistent ", and one SRS resource set can be configured, which is configured as SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " periodic ". The two SRS resource sets configured with " semi-persistent " cannot be activated simultaneously. Additionally or optionally, if the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , at most two SRS resource sets can be configured, each SRS resource set having one SRS resource, where the number of SRS ports for each resource is six.

[0235] Now, the 6T6R scenario using the 8-port SRS configuration will be described.

[0236] For this configuration, at most two SRS resource sets can be configured, each SRS resource set having one SRS resource, where if the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , the number of SRS ports for each resource is eight. Two SRS resource sets can be configured, where SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType is set to " semi- persistent ", and one SRS resource set can be configured, which is configured as SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " periodic ", where the two " semi-persistent " resource sets are not activated simultaneously. Additionally or optionally, if the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , at most two SRS resource sets can be configured, each SRS resource set having one SRS resource, where the number of SRS ports for each resource is eight.

[0237] In this configuration, the number of SRS ports for each resource is eight, while the UE only needs to perform six handover events on six ports of each configured SRS resource. This means that the UE can forgo antenna handovers for two specific ports. The selection of these two specific ports among the eight antenna ports of each SRS resource can be determined by a predefined rule (e.g., always the seventh and eighth ports), by gNB configuration, or by a decision made on the UE side. This selection criterion can be based on factors such as performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence ability of the UE, and / or the spatial channel conditions. Generally, there can be a trade-off that guides the selection process between performance and signaling overhead.

[0238] If the port selection is determined by the gNB, it can be transmitted to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically via MAC CE and / or DCI. Such an indication may require new RRC parameters or new / reused DCI / MAC CE fields in the form of code points or bitmaps. Additionally or alternatively, the UE can decide which ports to forgo and notify the gNB via UE capability signaling.

[0239] Without loss of generality, the UE can be responsible for the port re-indexing process, where the two selected specific ports are re-indexed as ports 6 and 7 (e.g., the seventh and eighth ports), while the remaining ports are re-indexed in sequence as ports 0 to 5. After re-indexing, the UE can consistently forgo antenna handovers for the last two ports of each SRS resource.

[0240] Now, the 8T8R scenario using a 3-port SRS configuration will be described.

[0241] For this configuration, if the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic and / or srs- ExtensionAperiodicSRS , different resource set configurations can be applied.

[0242] According to an embodiment, when the UE only indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then SRS- ResourceSet in resourceType set to " semi-persistent " at most two SRS resource sets and SRS- ResourceSet in resourceType set to " periodic " at most one SRS resource set can be configured, or SRS-ResourceSet in the higher layer parameter resourceType configured with different values at most two SRS resource sets can be configured. Two SRS resource sets configured with " semi-persistent " cannot be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can have 3 ≤ ≤8 SRS resources, where each SRS resource in a given set includes three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0243] When the UE only indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS then SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType at most two SRS resource sets set to " aperiodic " and SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType at most one SRS resource set set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent " can be configured, or SRS-ResourceSet in the higher layer parameters resourceType at most two SRS resource sets configured with different values can be configured. In the case of two resource sets in SRS- ResourceSet set to " resourceType ", a total of 3 ≤ aperiodic ≤ 8 SRS resources can be sent in different symbols of two different time slots, where the three SRS ports of each SRS resource in the given two sets are associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). In the case of one resource set in set to " SRS-ResourceSet ", a total of 3 ≤ resourceType ≤ 8 SRS resources can be sent in different symbols of the same time slot, where each SRS resource in the given set includes three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource are associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). aperiodic " ≤ 8 SRS resources, where each SRS resource in the given set includes three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource are associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent ", each SRS resource set can have 3 ≤ ≤ 8 SRS resources sent in different symbols, where each SRS resource in the given set includes three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0244] If the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then use SRS-ResourceSet The higher layer parameters resourceType are set to " periodic " or " semi-persistent ", and zero, one, or two SRS resource sets with different value configurations can be configured. If the UE indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then at most two SRS resource sets configured with SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " semi-persistent " and at most one SRS resource set configured with SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " periodic " can be configured. Two " semi-persistent " SRS resource sets cannot be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can have 3 ≤ ≤ 8 SRS resources transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set includes three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0245] If the UE does not indicate srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then zero or one SRS resource set configured with SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " aperiodic " can be configured, or if the UE indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then at most two SRS resource sets configured with SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " aperiodic " can be configured. In the case of one resource set, a total of 3 ≤ ≤ 8 SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of the same time slot, where each SRS resource in a given set includes three SRS ports, and compared with the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource are associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). In the case of two resource sets, a total of 3 ≤ ≤ 8 SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots, where the three SRS ports of each SRS resource in the given two sets are associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0246] Otherwise, SRS-ResourceSet the higher layer parameters in resourceType configured with different values, at most two SRS resource sets can be configured. Each SRS resource set can have 3 ≤ ≤8 SRS resources, where each SRS resource in a given set includes three SRS ports, and compared to the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0247] In a 3-port SRS configuration, the three SRS ports of two SRS resources can be associated with different UE antenna ports, while the three SRS ports of the remaining SRS resources can be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports shared with one of the two SRS resources (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). To provide the maximum feasible opportunity for the UE to freely select, combine, and switch three transmit ports from its eight ports for 3 Tx transmission, up to 56 SRS resources can be transmitted. Each SRS resource can include three SRS ports, and compared to the three SRS ports of another resource, the three SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least one specific different UE antenna port (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0248] At least two specific different UE antenna ports can be identified by predefined rules, by gNB configuration, or by UE-side decision. The selection criteria can also involve performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence ability of the UE, and / or the spatial channel conditions. Thus, generally, there can be a beneficial trade-off between performance and indication overhead that will notify the selection criteria. When the port selection is decided on the gNB side, it can be indicated to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically via MAC CE and / or DCI. Such an indication may require new RRC parameters or new and / or reused DCI / MAC CE fields using a code point or bitmap method, where the code point method will involve less overhead. Additionally or optionally, the UE can decide the ports and notify the gNB via UE capability signaling.

[0249] Now, the 8T8R scenario using a 4-port SRS configuration will be described.

[0250] For this configuration, if the UE indicates srs-antennaswitching2SP-1Periodics and / or srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS, different resource set configurations can be applied.

[0251] When the UE only indicates srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic then SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " semi-persistent " at most two SRS resource sets and SRS-ResourceSet in resourceType set to " periodic At most one SRS resource set of "" can be configured, or SRS-ResourceSet The higher layer parameters in resourceType At most two SRS resource sets configured with different values can be configured. In this case, the two SRS resource sets configured with "" semi-persistent "" will not be activated simultaneously. Each SRS resource set can have 3 ≤ ≤ 8 SRS resources transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set can include four SRS ports, and compared with the four SRS ports of another resource, the four SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0252] When the UE only indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , SRS-ResourceSet In resourceType Set to "" aperiodic "" at most two SRS resource sets and SRS-ResourceSet In resourceType Set to "" periodic "" or "" semi-persistent "" at most one SRS resource set can be configured, or SRS-ResourceSet The higher layer parameters in resourceType At most two SRS resource sets configured with different values can be configured. In SRS- ResourceSet In resourceType Set to "" aperiodic "" for the two resource sets, a total of 3 ≤ ≤ 8 SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots. The four SRS ports of each SRS resource in the given two sets can be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). In SRS-ResourceSet In resourceType Set to "" aperiodic "" for one resource set, a total of 3 ≤ ≤ 8 SRS resources can be transmitted in different symbols in the same time slot. Each SRS resource in a given set can include four SRS ports, and compared with the four SRS ports of another resource, the four SRS ports of each resource can be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). SRS-ResourceSet In resourceType Set to "" periodic "" or "" semi-persistent "" each SRS resource set can have 3 ≤ transmitted in different symbols ≤ 8 SRS resources. Each SRS resource in a given set may include four SRS ports, and the four SRS ports of each resource may be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated) compared to the four SRS ports of another resource.

[0253] If the UE does not indicate srs-AntennaSwitching2SP-1Periodic , then zero, one, or two sets of SRS resources configured with different values of a higher layer parameter SRS-ResourceSet set to " resourceType " or " periodic " may be configured. Additionally or alternatively, if the UE indicates semi-persistent , then at most two sets of SRS resources configured with srs-AntennaSwitching2SP- 1Periodic set to " SRS-ResourceSet " in resourceType and at most one set of SRS resources configured with semi-persistent set to " SRS-ResourceSet " in resourceType may be configured. Two sets of SRS resources configured with " periodic " may not be activated simultaneously. Each set of SRS resources may have 3 ≤ semi-persistent ≤ 8 SRS resources transmitted in different symbols. Each SRS resource in a given set may include four SRS ports, and the four SRS ports of each resource may be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports with non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated) compared to the four SRS ports of another resource.

[0254] If the UE does not indicate srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then zero or one set of SRS resources configured with SRS-ResourceSet set to " resourceType " in aperiodic may be configured. Additionally or alternatively, if the UE indicates srs-ExtensionAperiodicSRS , then at most two sets of SRS resources configured with SRS-ResourceSet set to " resourceType " in aperiodic may be configured. In the case of one resource set, a total of 3 ≤ ​≤8 SRS resources. Each SRS resource in a given set may include four SRS ports, and the four SRS ports of each resource may be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports having non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated). In the case of two resource sets, a total of 3 ≤ may be transmitted in different symbols of two different time slots ≤8 SRS resources. The four SRS ports of each SRS resource in two given sets may be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports having non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0255] Otherwise, SRS-ResourceSet The higher layer parameter in resourceType At most two SRS resource sets configured with different values may be configured, where each SRS resource set has 3 ≤ transmitted in different symbols ≤8 SRS resources. Each SRS resource in a given set may include four SRS ports, and the four SRS ports of each resource may be associated with at least two specific different UE antenna ports having non-zero power (e.g., based on predefined rules or configured and / or indicated).

[0256] In these 4-port SRS configurations, the number of SRS ports of each resource may be four. However, the UE will only need to manage three handover events on three ports of each configured SRS resource. In other words, the UE may forgo antenna handover on a specific port. The selection of this specific port among the four antenna ports of each SRS resource may be determined by a predefined rule (e.g., always select the fourth port), by gNB configuration, or by a decision made on the UE side. Such selection criteria may involve factors such as performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence ability of the UE, and the spatial channel. Therefore, there may be a beneficial trade-off in forming the selection criteria between performance and signaling overhead.

[0257] If the port selection is determined by the gNB, it may be indicated to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically via MAC CE and / or DCI. Such indication may require new RRC parameters delivered by a code point or bitmap method or reused fields in DCI / MAC CE, where the code point method provides lower overhead. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may identify the port and notify the gNB via UE capability signaling.

[0258] Without loss of generality, the port re-indexing process can be assumed to be at the UE. In this case, the selected specific port can be re-indexed to port 3 (e.g., the fourth port), while the other remaining ports will be re-indexed to ports 0, 1, and 2 accordingly based on their port numbers. After re-indexing, the UE can consistently discard the antenna switching process for the fourth port of each SRS resource.

[0259] Additionally or alternatively, at least two specific UE antenna ports can be identified by predefined rules, by gNB configuration, or by a decision made on the UE side. The selection criteria can also consider performance, the PA architecture of the UE, the coherence capabilities of the UE, and the spatial channel conditions. Therefore, the trade-off between performance and signaling overhead may affect the selection process. When the port selection is determined by the gNB, it can be transmitted to the UE semi-statically via RRC configuration or dynamically via MAC CE and / or DCI. This method may require new RRC parameters formatted as a code point or bitmap method or reused DCI / MAC CE fields, where the code point method provides less overhead. Additionally or alternatively, the UE can select the ports and transmit the decision to the gNB via UE capability signaling.

[0260] The degraded configuration will now be described.

[0261] To reduce the potential overhead of SRS resources and enhance UE efficiency, the SRS resources can be configured in a degraded configuration along with new UE capability reporting. For 3 Tx antenna port devices, new UE capability designs may need to be defined and supported for configurations such as {T1R1, T1R3, T1R6} and {T1R1, T1R3, T3R3, T3R6, T6R6}.

[0262] Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the configuration of a UE to transmit UL data via three configured Tx antenna ports according to an embodiment.

[0263] Referring to Figure 3 , in step 301, the UE transmits the capability information of three Tx (3 Tx) antenna ports. This step may involve the UE transmitting a message indicating its support for three Tx antenna ports for UL transmission. The capability information can include details such as the maximum number of supported transport layers, the number of available SRS ports, or the supported precoding configurations. The transmitted capability information can enable the network (e.g., the base station) to adaptively configure the UL transmission scheme of the UE based on the UE's capabilities, thereby optimizing UL performance.

[0264] In step 302, the UE configures three Tx antenna ports based on predefined configuration information. This step may involve setting the UL transmission parameters of the UE according to specific configuration data provided by the network. The configuration information may include, but is not limited to, codebook design, SRS resource setting, and antenna port mapping customized for the three Tx antenna ports. By applying these configurations, the UE optimizes its UL transmission behavior to meet the requirements of the network.

[0265] In step 303, the UE transmits UL data via the configured three Tx antenna ports. This step may involve sending data from the UE to the base station using the configuration built for the three Tx antenna ports. This transmission may utilize predefined beamforming or precoding techniques to optimize the signal strength and quality, thus ensuring effective data communication through the three Tx antenna ports. As a result, the UL data can be transmitted with improved reliability and performance, supporting a range of transmission schemes, such as coherent transmission, non - coherent transmission, or partial - coherent transmission.

[0266] Figure 4 is a block diagram of an electronic device in a network environment according to an embodiment.

[0267] Referring to Figure 4 , the electronic device 401 and its components operate to provide enhanced communication capabilities across both short - range and long - range wireless networks. In this context, the advancements provided in the present disclosure significantly improve the technical operations of various components, such as the processor, communication module, antenna module, and memory. For example, the communication module 490 in combination with the antenna module 497 allows the electronic device 401 to efficiently manage three Tx ports for UL communication. This three - Tx - port management capability provides flexible antenna switching, which reduces interference and optimizes signal strength during data transmission. Such improvements not only enhance the reliability and efficiency of the device's wireless communication but also reduce power consumption during operation, thus improving the lifespan of the battery 489.

[0268] The processor 420 may execute dedicated software for managing the three antenna ports for UL transmission. This improves the ability of the communication module 490 to dynamically select between different ports based on real - time data. The enhanced ability of the processor to handle complex calculations, such as determining cyclic shifts and managing port switching, provides improved communication performance and flexibility for the 3 - Tx - antenna device. As a result, the processing power dedicated to these tasks supports more complex modulation schemes and resource allocation, thus further optimizing the performance of the electronic device 401 in the network environment. In addition, the memory 430 stores instructions and data to configure the communication protocol of the electronic device 401, thus facilitating integration with other networked devices.

[0269] Figure 4The electronic device 401 shown in [figure] is in a network environment 400 and can communicate with the electronic device 402 via a first network 498 (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or communicate with the electronic device 404 or the server 408 via a second network 499 (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). The electronic device 401 can communicate with the electronic device 404 via the server 408. The electronic device 401 may include a processor 420, a memory 430, an input device 450, a sound output device 455, a display device 460, an audio module 470, a sensor module 476, an interface 477, a haptic module 479, a camera module 480, a power management module 488, a battery 489, a communication module 490, a subscriber identification module (SIM) 496, or an antenna module 497. In one embodiment, at least one of the components (e.g., the display device 460 or the camera module 480) may be omitted from the electronic device 401, or one or more other components may be added to the electronic device 401. Some of the components may be implemented as a single integrated circuit (IC). For example, the sensor module 476 (e.g., a fingerprint sensor, an iris sensor, or an illuminance sensor) may be embedded in the display device 460 (e.g., a display).

[0270] The processor 420 may execute software (e.g., a program 440) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device 401 combined with the processor 420, and may perform various data processing or calculations.

[0271] As at least part of the data processing or calculation, the processor 420 may load commands or data received from another component (e.g., the sensor module 476 or the communication module 490) into the volatile memory 432, process the commands or data stored in the volatile memory 432, and store the resulting data in the non-volatile memory 434. The processor 420 may include a main processor 421 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or an application processor (AP)) and an auxiliary processor 423 (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor (CP)) that can operate independently of the main processor 421 or in combination with the main processor 421. Additionally or optionally, the auxiliary processor 423 may be adapted to consume less power than the main processor 421 or perform a specific function. The auxiliary processor 423 may be implemented separately from the main processor 421 or as part of the main processor 421.

[0272] The auxiliary processor 423 may control at least some of the functions or states related to at least one of the components of the electronic device 401 (e.g., the display device 460, the sensor module 476, or the communication module 490) on behalf of the main processor 421 when the main processor 421 is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or may control at least some of the functions or states related to at least one of the components of the electronic device 401 (e.g., the display device 460, the sensor module 476, or the communication module 490) together with the main processor 421 when the main processor 421 is in an active state (e.g., executing an application). The auxiliary processor 423 (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as part of another component (e.g., the camera module 480 or the communication module 490) that is functionally related to the auxiliary processor 423.

[0273] The memory 430 may store various data used by at least one component of the electronic device 401 (e.g., the processor 420 or the sensor module 476). The various data may include, for example, software (e.g., the program 440) and input data or output data for commands related thereto. The memory 430 may include a volatile memory 432 or a non-volatile memory 434. For example, the non-volatile memory 434 may include an internal memory 436 and an external memory 438.

[0274] The program 440 may be stored in the memory 430 as software, and may include, for example, an operating system (OS) 442, middleware 444, or an application 446.

[0275] The input device 450 may receive commands or data to be used by another component of the electronic device 401 (e.g., the processor 420) from the outside of the electronic device 401 (e.g., a user). The input device 450 may include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, or a keyboard.

[0276] The sound output device 455 may output a sound signal to the outside of the electronic device 401. The sound output device 455 may include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker may be used for general purposes such as playing multimedia or a record, and the receiver may be used for receiving an incoming call. The receiver may be implemented separately from the speaker or as part of the speaker.

[0277] The display device 460 may visually provide information to the outside of the electronic device 401 (e.g., a user). The display device 460 may include, for example, a display, a hologram device, or a projector, and a control circuit for controlling the corresponding one of the display, the hologram device, and the projector. The display device 460 may include a touch circuit suitable for detecting a touch or a sensor circuit (e.g., a pressure sensor) suitable for measuring the intensity of a force caused by the touch.

[0278] The audio module 470 can convert sound into an electrical signal and vice versa. The audio module 470 can obtain sound via the input device 450, or output sound via the sound output device 455 or the earphone of an external electronic device 402 directly (e.g., wired) or wirelessly combined with the electronic device 401.

[0279] The sensor module 476 can detect the operating state of the electronic device 401 (e.g., power or temperature) or the environmental state outside the electronic device 401 (e.g., the state of the user), and then generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected state. The sensor module 476 can include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor.

[0280] The interface 477 can support one or more specified protocols for the direct (e.g., wired) or wireless combination of the electronic device 401 with an external electronic device 402. The interface 477 can include, for example, a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a secure digital (SD) card interface, or an audio interface.

[0281] The connection terminal 478 can include a connector through which the electronic device 401 can be physically connected to an external electronic device 402. The connection terminal 478 can include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector).

[0282] The haptic module 479 can convert an electrical signal into a mechanical stimulus (e.g., vibration or movement) or an electrical stimulus that can be recognized by the user via touch or kinesthesia. The haptic module 479 can include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulator.

[0283] The camera module 480 can capture still images or moving images. The camera module 480 can include one or more lenses, an image sensor, an image signal processor, or a flash. The power management module 488 can manage the power supplied to the electronic device 401. The power management module 488 can be implemented as at least a part of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC).

[0284] The battery 489 can supply power to at least one component of the electronic device 401. The battery 489 can include, for example, a non-rechargeable primary battery, a rechargeable secondary battery, or a fuel cell.

[0285] The communication module 490 may support establishing a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device 401 and an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device 402, the electronic device 404, or the server 408) and performing communication via the established communication channel. The communication module 490 may include one or more communication processors that can operate independently of the processor 420 (e.g., the AP) and support direct (e.g., wired) communication or wireless communication. The communication module 490 may include a wireless communication module 492 (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module 494 (e.g., a Local Area Network (LAN) communication module or a Power Line Communication (PLC) module). A corresponding one of these communication modules may communicate with the external electronic device via a first network 498 (e.g., a short-range communication network, such as the standards of Bluetooth TM , Wi-Fi Direct, or Infrared Data Association (IrDA)) or a second network 499 (e.g., a long-range communication network, such as a cellular network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or a Wide Area Network (WAN))). These various types of communication modules may be implemented as a single component (e.g., a single IC), or may be implemented as multiple separate components (e.g., multiple ICs). The wireless communication module 492 may use the user information (e.g., the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)) stored in the user identification module 496 to identify and authenticate the electronic device 401 in a communication network (such as the first network 498 or the second network 499).

[0286] The antenna module 497 may transmit signals or power to the outside of the electronic device 401 (e.g., an external electronic device) or receive signals or power from the outside of the electronic device 401. The antenna module 497 may include one or more antennas, and may, for example, select at least one antenna suitable for a communication scheme to be used in a communication network (such as the first network 498 or the second network 499) by the communication module 490 (e.g., the wireless communication module 492). Then, signals or power may be transmitted or received between the communication module 490 and the external electronic device via the selected at least one antenna.

[0287] Commands or data can be sent or received between the electronic device 401 and the external electronic device 404 via the server 408 coupled to the second network 499. Each of the electronic devices 402 and 404 can be a device of the same type or a different type as the electronic device 401. All or some of the operations to be performed at the electronic device 401 can be executed at one or more of the external electronic devices 402, 404, or the server 408. For example, if the electronic device 401 is to perform a function or service automatically or in response to a request from a user or another device, instead of performing the function or service or in addition to performing the function or service, the electronic device 401 can request one or more external electronic devices to perform at least a part of the function or service. One or more of the external electronic devices that receive the request can perform at least a part of the requested function or service, or additional functions or additional services related to the request, and transmit the result of the execution to the electronic device 401. The electronic device 401 can provide the result as at least a part of the reply to the request with or without further processing of the result. For this purpose, technologies such as cloud computing, distributed computing, or client-server computing can be used.

[0288] Figure 5 Fig. shows a system including a UE and a gNB communicating with each other according to an embodiment.

[0289] Referring to Figure 5 , the UE 505 includes a radio 515 and a processing circuit (or means for processing) 520, and the processing circuit 520 can execute various methods disclosed herein, for example, Figure 3 the methods shown in. For example, the processing circuit 520 can receive a transmission from the network node (gNB) 510 via the radio 515, and the processing circuit 520 can send a signal to the gNB 510 via the radio 515.

[0290] Embodiments of the subject matter and the operations described in this specification can be implemented as digital electronic circuitry, or as computer software, firmware, or hardware (including the structures disclosed in this specification and structural equivalents thereof), or as a combination of one or more of digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, and hardware. Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer programs (i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions) encoded on a computer storage medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus. Optionally or additionally, the program instructions can be encoded on an artificially generated propagated signal (e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal) that is generated to encode information for transmission to a suitable receiver device for execution by the data processing apparatus. A computer storage medium can be a computer-readable storage device, a computer-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory array or device, or a combination thereof, or can include within a computer-readable storage device, a computer-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory array or device, or a combination thereof. Further, although a computer storage medium is not a propagated signal, a computer storage medium can be a source or destination of computer program instructions encoded in an artificially generated propagated signal. A computer storage medium can also be one or more separate physical components or media (e.g., multiple CDs, disks, or other storage devices), or can include within one or more separate physical components or media (e.g., multiple CDs, disks, or other storage devices). Additionally, the operations described in this specification can be implemented as operations performed by a data processing apparatus on data stored on one or more computer-readable storage devices or received from other sources.

[0291] Although this specification may include many specific implementation details, the implementation details should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any claimed subject matter, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. The specific features described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented separately or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments. Additionally, although the features may be described above as acting in a particular combination and even initially claimed as such, in some cases one or more features from a claimed combination can be deleted from the combination, and the claimed combination can be directed to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination.

[0292] Similarly, although operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be construed as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve the desired result. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the foregoing embodiments should not be understood to be required in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems generally may be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

[0293] Accordingly, specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described herein. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result. Moreover, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the particular order shown or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

[0294] As will be recognized by those of skill in the art, the innovative concepts described herein can be modified and changed within a wide range of applications. Accordingly, the scope of the claimed subject matter should not be limited to any of the particular exemplary teachings discussed above, but is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment, comprising: sending, by the user equipment, capability information of three transmit (Tx) antenna ports; configuring the three Tx antenna ports based on predefined configuration information, the predefined configuration information including a codebook design, the codebook design including one or more matrices or vectors for mapping uplink data to be transmitted to the three Tx antenna ports; and transmitting uplink data via the configured three Tx antenna ports.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The codebook design supports one or more of phase-coherent precoding, non-phase-coherent precoding, and partial phase-coherent precoding for uplink transmission.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The codebook design supports one or more non-phase-coherent encoders for single-layer transmission, two-layer transmission, or three-layer transmission.

4. The method according to claim 3, Among them, in the case of single-layer transmission, supporting the following non-phase-coherent encoder: ， wherein, in the case of two-layer transmission, supporting the following non-phase-coherent encoder: , , , and wherein, in the case of three-layer transmission, supporting the following non-phase-coherent encoder: 。 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The predefined configuration information includes a configuration of a four-port sounding reference signal (SRS) resource for the three Tx antenna ports.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, including zero power allocation and silencing of one port included in the four-port SRS resource, wherein the remaining SRS ports are not silenced, wherein, in the case that the one port included in the four-port SRS resource with zero power allocation and silencing is not the fourth SRS port, the remaining non-silenced SRS ports are re-indexed.

7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising: Dividing the linear SRS power equally among the non-silenced SRS ports.

8. The method according to claim 5, wherein For physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission, including zero power allocation and silencing of one port included in the four-port SRS resource, wherein the remaining SRS ports for the PUSCH transmission are not silenced, wherein, in the case that the one port included in the four-port SRS resource with zero power allocation and silencing is not the fourth SRS port, the remaining non-silenced SRS ports for the PUSCH transmission are re-indexed.

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: Dividing the linear PUSCH transmission power equally among the non-silenced SRS ports for the PUSCH transmission.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The capability information includes one or more of the maximum number of supported layers and the maximum number of sounding reference signal (SRS) ports.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The capability information includes radio resource control (RRC) parameters for enabling uplink transmission via the three Tx antenna ports.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein The predefined configuration information includes a configuration of a set of sounding reference signal (SRS) resources for antenna switching scenarios, the antenna switching scenarios including at least three transmit antennas and six receive antennas (3T6R).

13. A user equipment, comprising: a memory device; and a processor configured to execute instructions stored on the memory device, wherein the instructions cause the processor to: send, by the user equipment, capability information of three transmit (Tx) antenna ports; Configure the three Tx antenna ports based on predefined configuration information, where the predefined configuration information includes a codebook design, and the codebook design includes one or more matrices or vectors for mapping uplink data to be transmitted to the three Tx antenna ports; and Transmit uplink data via the configured three Tx antenna ports.

14. The user equipment according to claim 13, wherein, The codebook design supports one or more of phase-interfering coding, non-phase-interfering coding, and partial phase-interfering coding for uplink transmission.

15. The user equipment according to claim 13, wherein, The codebook design supports one or more non-phase-interfering encoders for single-layer transmission, two-layer transmission, or three-layer transmission.

16. The user equipment according to claim 15, Among them, In the case of single-layer transmission, support the following non-phase-interfering encoder: ， wherein, in the case of two-layer transmission, support the following non-phase-interfering encoder: , , , and wherein, in the case of three-layer transmission, support the following non-phase-interfering encoder: 。 17. The user equipment according to claim 13, wherein, The predefined configuration information includes the configuration of a four-port sounding reference signal SRS resource for the three Tx antenna ports.

18. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, One port included in the four-port SRS resource is silenced with zero allocated power, wherein the remaining SRS ports are not silenced, wherein, in the case where the one port silenced with zero allocated power included in the four-port SRS resource is not the fourth SRS port, the remaining non-silenced SRS ports are re-indexed.

19. The user equipment according to claim 18, wherein, The instruction further causes the processor to equally divide the linear SRS power among the non-silenced SRS ports.

20. The user equipment according to claim 17, wherein, For physical uplink shared channel PUSCH transmission, one port included in the four-port SRS resource is silenced with zero allocated power, wherein the remaining SRS ports for the PUSCH transmission are not silenced, wherein, in the case where the one port silenced with zero allocated power included in the four-port SRS resource is not the fourth SRS port, the remaining non-silenced SRS ports for the PUSCH transmission are re-indexed.

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