High-throughput satellite communication terminal system

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-throughput satellite communication terminal system, which comprises a radio frequency channel unit, a signal processing unit, a terminal processing unit, a power supply management unit and an anti-electromagnetic interference module, and is characterized in that the radio frequency channel unit carries an agile device and a power amplifier and is used for realizing bidirectional conversion between a baseband signal and a radio frequency signal; communication frequencies of a Ka frequency band, a valley value of 5GHz and a peak value of 40GHz are supported, a zero intermediate frequency receiver structure is adopted, image frequency interference is eliminated through one-time frequency conversion to a baseband, and a high-integration design that a radio frequency signal directly enters a frequency mixer after passing through an antenna, a radio frequency filter and a low-noise amplifier is realized. According to the high-throughput satellite communication terminal system, the coverage problem of traditional communication in a blind area of a power grid is solved, safe, efficient and stable transmission of power data is realized, the emergency communication capability and the equipment environment adaptability are remarkably improved, and key technical support is provided for constructing global visual monitoring and intelligent scheduling of the digital power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of communication terminals, and particularly to a high-throughput satellite communication terminal system. Background Art

[0002] In today's digital age, the digital power grid is developing at an unprecedented speed. It takes a new generation of digital technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, mobile Internet, artificial intelligence, and blockchain as the core driving forces, regards data as a key production factor, relies on the modern power energy network and the new generation of information network, deeply integrates the business and management of energy enterprises, and continuously moves towards the direction of digitalization, networking, and intelligence, thus forming a new energy ecosystem with remarkable characteristics such as flexibility, openness, interactivity, economy, and sharing. As the satellite application technology enters a new stage of development, satellite communication, satellite navigation, and satellite remote sensing have been deeply integrated into the construction fields of core infrastructures such as power and communication in China, playing an important role in realizing the optimal allocation and efficient utilization of power resources, and strongly promoting the construction process of the digital power grid. After decades of continuous construction and development, China's wireless mobile communication network has now become the largest and most widely covered mobile communication network in the world. In the central and western regions, such as the desert areas with continuous sand dunes and the mountainous areas with dangerous terrains, due to the complex geographical environment and harsh natural conditions, the population distribution is extremely sparse, and these areas have become blind spots for the coverage of the wireless mobile communication network. In these regions, in the digital power grid scenarios represented by substations and transmission lines, even if various advanced digital devices such as online monitoring devices are installed, due to the lack of network coverage.

[0003] Satellite communication, with its unique advantages, can achieve stable data transmission and communication over long distances and in large areas. It is not restricted by objective conditions such as geological disasters, natural disasters, and human factors. The transmission system has high stability and is not bound by time and space during use, with strong flexibility. High-throughput satellites have achieved significant breakthroughs based on traditional satellites. Their high-throughput communication capabilities can reach dozens or even hundreds of times that of traditional communication satellites, making it possible to transmit satellite imagery data. Through high-throughput satellite communication technology, power grid monitoring images and massive power Internet of Things data can be quickly backhauled, greatly enhancing the guarantee capabilities in power communication scenarios such as wide-area power Internet of Things, emergency disaster relief, and communication blind spot compensation for power towers. However, it cannot be ignored that satellite communication also faces many challenges in practical applications. In the case of the Ka band, the problem of rain attenuation is relatively prominent, which can lead to unstable signals and seriously affect communication quality. Moreover, the utilization rate of spectrum resources is relatively low, resulting in a waste of resources. In addition, traditional satellite terminals have the disadvantages of large volume and high power consumption, and there are also deficiencies in their integration with the power Internet of Things, making it difficult to meet the strict requirements of the power grid for equipment miniaturization, long battery life, high bandwidth, and anti-electromagnetic interference in emergency communication. For example, in emergency disaster relief scenarios, traditional satellite terminals cannot meet the requirements of rapid deployment and long-term stable communication, restricting their role in ensuring power communication. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a high-throughput satellite communication terminal suitable for the power grid field, which is of great significance for solving communication blind spot problems in remote areas and enhancing the security, reliability, and emergency guarantee capabilities of power data transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims at the deficiencies in the background technology and provides a high-throughput satellite communication terminal system.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-throughput satellite communication terminal system, the terminal system includes a radio frequency channel unit, a signal processing unit, a terminal processing unit, a power management unit, and an anti-electromagnetic interference module, characterized in that:

[0007] The radio frequency channel unit is equipped with a frequency agile transceiver and a power amplifier, and is used to realize the bidirectional conversion between baseband signals and radio frequency signals, support communication frequencies in the Ka band with a valley value of 5 GHz and a peak value of 40 GHz, adopts a zero-IF receiver structure, eliminates image frequency interference through a one-time frequency conversion to the baseband, and realizes a highly integrated design in which the radio frequency signal directly enters the mixer after passing through the antenna, radio frequency filter, and low-noise amplifier.

[0008] The signal processing unit integrates a baseband processing module to implement MAC frame encoding and decoding, despreading and spreading, and modulation and demodulation. It supports modulation methods such as BPSK, QPSK, 16APSK, and 32APSK, anti-interference processing, and pilot acquisition and tracking. Based on the adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) technology, it dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) through a channel quality estimation module to compensate for the fading of the satellite-ground link.

[0009] The terminal processing unit adopts a cooperative architecture of FPGA and MCU, responsible for the overall control of the machine and user data interaction. It supports USB, Bluetooth interfaces, and power management, and has functions such as identity authentication, orbit prediction, and signal strength monitoring. It encapsulates user data into a composite email format and realizes secure data transmission through a hardware encryption chip.

[0010] The power management unit integrates a low-power circuit design, supports external DC power input, realizes overall power consumption control, sleep wake-up, and anti-power noise filtering, and ensures the long battery life of the terminal in outdoor environments. Under the working conditions of 1 to 4 Mbps uplink and 2 to 8 Mbps downlink, the minimum battery life is 12 hours.

[0011] The anti-electromagnetic interference module includes optimized ground wire design, PCB board layer isolation, radio frequency filtering circuit, and conductive alumina box shielding structure to suppress internal coupling interference and external electromagnetic emissions.

[0012] Preferably, the radio frequency channel unit further includes a receiving link and a transmitting link. The receiving link adopts a high-sensitivity design, including a SAW band-pass filter, a low-noise amplifier (LNA), and an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit. The peak receiving sensitivity is -120 dBm. The transmitting link integrates a power amplifier (PA). The minimum output power of the vehicle version is 10 W, and the minimum output power of the handheld version is 2 W. It supports the beam hopping (BH) technology and realizes dynamic allocation of satellite resources through time slicing.

[0013] Preferably, the adaptive coding and modulation of the signal processing unit includes a channel estimation module and a feedback link. The channel estimation module evaluates the quality of the satellite-ground link in real time based on the received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the pilot signal, and detects the interference parameters of rainfall attenuation and multipath effects. The feedback link transmits the channel state information (CSI) to the transmitter through the reverse channel, supports the MCS look-up table of the DVB-S2 and S2X standards, adopts high-order modulation and high-rate coding in good channels, and switches to low-order modulation and low-rate coding in harsh environments.

[0014] Preferably, the terminal processing unit includes an air-ground integrated data transmission architecture and an emergency communication module. The air-ground integrated data transmission architecture accesses the power wireless private network through a satellite gateway station, provides broadband data access for on-line monitoring equipment of transmission lines in areas without public networks, and realizes the all-region visualization of power data in the air and space. The emergency communication module automatically switches to the satellite relay mode when the power grid communication is interrupted, supports real-time video backhaul and status monitoring data transmission, and ensures dispatching and command communication in disaster scenarios.

[0015] Preferably, the electromagnetic interference resistance module includes a multi-layer PCB board layout, a radio frequency shielding structure, and a filtering network. In the multi-layer PCB board layout, the radio frequency circuit and the digital circuit are physically isolated, and the power layer and the ground layer adopt a planar capacitor decoupling design. The radio frequency shielding structure uses a split cavity metal shielding cover to isolate the radio frequency front end and the baseband processing module, suppressing cross-module electromagnetic coupling. The filtering network integrates LC filter circuits at the power inlet and the signal interface to attenuate high-frequency harmonics.

[0016] Preferably, the power management unit includes a dynamic power consumption allocation and an energy recovery module. The dynamic power consumption allocation intelligently switches the power supply mode according to the terminal working states of standby, communication, and sleep. The power consumption peak in the communication mode is 5W, and the power consumption peak in the sleep mode is 0.5W. The energy recovery module integrates a solar charging interface, supports hybrid power supply of lithium batteries and supercapacitors, and meets the application requirements in the field without external power sources.

[0017] Preferably, the terminal system supports 5G core network integration, including a network element conversion module and a beam switching mechanism. The network element conversion module realizes protocol conversion between the satellite side control plane, the user plane, and the 5G core network through a network gateway, supports terminal context mapping and packet data unit (PDU) session management. The beam switching mechanism, based on the location information monitoring of the network management system (NMS), completes seamless beam switching through the cooperation of the source network control center and the target network control center, and the peak switching delay is 500ms.

[0018] Preferably, the terminal system includes a terminal device. The size of the terminal device meets the requirements of miniaturized design, supports the IP65 protection level, and adapts to a wide-temperature working environment.

[0019] The system of the present invention first realizes the bidirectional conversion of baseband signals and RF signals in the range of 5 GHz to 40 GHz in the Ka band through the frequency agile device and power amplifier carried by the RF channel unit. It uses a zero-IF receiver structure to convert to the baseband in one go, eliminating image frequency interference. At the same time, through the highly integrated design of the antenna, RF filter, low-noise amplifier, and mixer, the receiving link has high sensitivity, with the receiving sensitivity not exceeding -120 dBm. The transmitting link achieves a power output of more than 10 W for the vehicle-mounted version and more than 2 W for the handheld version, and uses the time slicing mechanism of the beam hopping (BH) technology to dynamically allocate satellite resources, solving the coverage blind area problem of traditional satellite communication in remote areas. It is especially suitable for the data access of on-line monitoring devices for transmission lines in areas without public networks in the power grid field. The baseband processing module integrated in the signal processing unit, through MAC frame encoding and decoding, spreading and despreading, BPSK, QPSK, 16APSK, and 32APSK modulation and demodulation, combined with the adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) technology, uses the channel quality estimation module to monitor the rain fade and multipath effect parameters in real time, with the compensation margin exceeding 20 dB, and dynamically switches the coding and modulation modes of the DVB-S2 and S2X standards through the feedback link. When the channel is good, it uses 32APSK high-order modulation and 3 / 4 code rate coding to improve the spectrum utilization rate. In a harsh environment, it switches to QPSK low-order modulation and 1 / 2 code rate coding to ensure transmission reliability, effectively compensating for the fading of the satellite-ground link, ensuring the stable backhaul of power grid monitoring images and a large amount of power Internet of Things data in a wide area, and enhancing the guarantee ability in emergency disaster relief and pole communication blind spot scenarios. The terminal processing unit adopts an FPGA and MCU collaborative architecture, realizes user data interaction through USB and Bluetooth interfaces, securely transmits the data in the composite email format with the help of a hardware encryption chip, and accesses the power wireless private network through the satellite gateway station, constructing an air-ground integrated data transmission architecture to achieve the all-round visualization of power data in the air and space domain. At the same time, the emergency communication module automatically switches to the satellite relay mode when the power grid communication is interrupted, supporting real-time video backhaul and status monitoring data transmission, ensuring the continuity of dispatching and command communication in disaster scenarios, and solving the problem of dispatching failure caused by the interruption of existing wireless communication. The power management unit intelligently switches the power supply mode in the standby, communication, and sleep states through dynamic power consumption allocation technology. The power consumption peak in the communication mode is 5 W, and the peak in the sleep mode is 0.5W, an energy recovery module combined with a solar charging interface, a lithium battery and a supercapacitor for hybrid power supply, ensures that the terminal has a working condition of 1 Mbps to 4 Mbps for uplink and 2 Mbps to 8 Mbps for downlink, with a battery life of more than 12 hours, meeting the long battery life requirements in the field without external power supply, reducing the operation and maintenance costs of power companies. The anti-electromagnetic interference module suppresses internal coupling interference and external electromagnetic emissions in all directions through physical isolation of radio frequency and digital circuits on a multi-layer PCB board, a cavity-type metal shielding cover to suppress cross-module electromagnetic coupling, an LC filter network to attenuate high-frequency harmonics above 1 GHz, and optimized ground wire design to stabilize the reference potential, ensuring the stability of the terminal in a harsh electromagnetic environment and adapting to the complex industrial environment in the power grid field. The system supports 5G core network integration, realizes protocol conversion between the satellite side and the 5G core network through a network element conversion module, and achieves seamless beam switching based on the position information of the network management system NMS with the help of a beam switching mechanism, with a peak delay of 500 ms, improving communication flexibility and network adaptability. The terminal device adopts a miniaturized design of 80 mm × 50 mm × 20 mm, has an IP65 protection level, and has the ability to work in a wide temperature range, meeting the requirements of portability and environmental adaptability in the power field. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the high-throughput satellite communication terminal system of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the combination of the high-throughput satellite and the power system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a block diagram of the baseband processing module of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is the overall hardware design diagram of the present invention, including Rx and Tx front-end circuits;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a block diagram of the composition structure of the adaptive coding and modulation system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structure diagram of the Tian Tong No. 1 satellite communication module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation Modes

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] Power-specific High-throughput Satellite Communication Terminal Based on Zero-IF Receiver

[0029] This embodiment provides a high-throughput satellite communication terminal system applicable to power grid transmission line monitoring. Its core architecture and functions are as follows:

[0030] The radio frequency channel unit adopts a zero-IF receiver structure, equipped with a frequency agile transceiver, AD9364 chip, and power amplifier PA, supporting Ka-band communication frequencies from 5 GHz to 40 GHz. It realizes the direct conversion of radio frequency signals to the baseband via an antenna, radio frequency filter, and low-noise amplifier LNA, eliminating image frequency interference, with a receiving sensitivity of -125 dBm. The transmitting link integrates a vehicle-mounted power amplifier with an output power of 15 W, supporting the beam hopping (BH) technology, dynamically allocating satellite resources through time slicing, and solving the communication blind area problem of power grid monitoring devices in the desert areas of the central and western regions. The signal processing unit, the baseband processing module is based on FPGA, Xilinx Zynq series, realizing MAC frame encoding and decoding, QPSK and 16APSK modulation and demodulation. Combining with the adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) technology, it monitors rain fade in real time through the received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the pilot signal, with a compensation margin of 25 dB. When the channel is good, it uses 16APSK modulation and 3 / 4 code rate encoding, and switches to QPSK modulation and 1 / 2 code rate encoding in harsh environments to ensure the stable transmission of video data of the transmission line;

[0031] The terminal processing unit adopts a collaborative architecture of FPGA and MCU (STM32H7), connects to the transmission line monitoring sensor through a USB 3.0 interface, encapsulates the collected data into a composite email format, and realizes secure data transmission through the national power core hardware encryption chip and SM4 algorithm. It integrates an air-ground integrated data transmission architecture, accesses the power wireless private network through the AsiaSat 6D satellite gateway station, realizes the space-air integrated backhaul of monitoring data, and supports real-time visualization monitoring by the power dispatching center. The power management unit adopts dynamic power consumption allocation technology, with a typical power consumption of 6 W in the communication mode and 0.3 W in the sleep mode. Combining with a 5 W solar charging panel and a 12 Ah lithium battery, it can work continuously for 18 hours in the scenario without an external power supply, with an uplink of 2 Mbps and a downlink of 4 Mbps working conditions. The electromagnetic interference resistance module, the multi-layer PCB board adopts a layered design of radio frequency and digital circuits, the power layer and the ground layer are decoupled through planar capacitors, and the cavity-type aluminum shielding cover (conductive oxidation treatment) isolates the radio frequency front end and the baseband module, suppressing the electromagnetic coupling intensity up to 25 dB. The power input integrates an LC filter circuit to attenuate high-frequency harmonics above 1 GHz.

[0032] Data collection and transmission: Transmission line sensors collect micro-meteorological and equipment status data, transmit the data to the terminal processing unit through the USB interface, encrypt and modulate it into a radio frequency signal through the radio frequency channel unit, forward it to the ground signal gateway via satellite, and then connect to the power intranet. Adaptive communication adjustment: The signal processing unit monitors the channel quality in real time, detects signal attenuation caused by rainfall, and automatically switches to QPSK modulation and low bit rate coding to ensure data transmission reliability. When the weather improves, high-order modulation is restored to improve transmission efficiency. Emergency communication switching: When the ground network is interrupted, the terminal automatically activates the satellite relay mode, prioritizes the transmission of fault alarm data, and ensures the issuance of dispatch instructions in disaster scenarios.

[0033] It solves the problem of having equipment but no network for monitoring equipment in remote areas of the power grid, and realizes real-time perception and early warning of the status of transmission lines. Through adaptive coding modulation and anti-interference design, it can still maintain a data transmission success rate of more than 95% in the Ka-band rain attenuation scenario, which is 30% higher than traditional satellite communications. It has a miniaturized design with dimensions of 70mm×45mm×20mm, supports long battery life, and meets the portability and low operation and maintenance cost requirements of field operations.

[0034] In this embodiment, the workflow of the high-throughput satellite communication system software is as follows:

[0035] Identity authentication: users can choose one of the PC management program, mobile APP, and satellite terminal application layer to perform user name and password authentication. The PC management program runs on the PC operating system and includes a USB communication module and an email management module. It can realize human-computer interaction between users and terminals, perform email input and email data management, encapsulate the data to be sent into a composite email according to the protocol, add the text and attachments, and transmit it to the satellite terminal via the USB interface. At the same time, the received composite email plaintext is interpreted and displayed to the user, and satellite orbit forecast display and pilot signal strength indication functions are also provided. The mobile APP runs on the mobile operating system and integrates a Bluetooth communication module and an email management module. It also realizes human-computer interaction between users and terminals, completes message input and data management, sends and receives composite emails through the Bluetooth interface, and provides users with satellite orbit forecasts and pilot signal strength information. After authentication, the email management module is automatically loaded, and the terminal's historical emails, orbit forecasts, and signal strength information are read with the help of the USB or Bluetooth communication module.

[0036] Orbit prediction and transmission link. The user terminal calculates the time and azimuth when the satellite enters the working field of view that meets the minimum elevation angle limit based on the preset satellite orbit elements and its own geographical location, and notifies the user. After the user decides the communication timing and turns on the receiver, the terminal searches for the downlink pilot channel. After capturing the pilot information, it notifies the user that transceiver operations can be performed. At the transmission layer, the composite email sent by the application layer is encrypted by the cryptographic function library and the security chip, and after adding the identification field and the header, it forms a message and is passed to the link layer. When receiving, the link layer message extracts the composite message ciphertext through the identification field and the header, and then is decrypted by the cryptographic function library and the security chip and sent back to the application layer in the composite email format. At the link layer, the transport layer message is encapsulated into multiple MAC frames for transmission, and at the same time, errors are detected and corrected. When receiving, the MAC frames are combined in the order of frame numbers into a complete message and sent back to the transport layer, and the pilot signal strength is calculated.

[0037] In the radio frequency and baseband processing, the satellite terminal performs IQ down-conversion, capture, tracking and demodulation on the received pilot signal, extracts the pilot parameters to judge the upper and lower channel states. The uplink completes the channel pilot header, bit synchronization word, unique code group frame, convolutional coding, interleaving, spreading and baseband modulation, interfaces with the transceiver to transmit the IQ signal, and selects an idle uplink channel to send the service data message according to the uplink channel status word in the pilot frame. If all channels are busy, it waits. When there is more than one idle channel, it randomly selects and accesses after random backoff to send. The downlink interfaces with the transceiver to receive the IQ signal, performs anti-jamming processing, and completes the relevant processing of the pilot channel and the service data channel, including estimation, capture, tracking, demodulation, synchronization word capture, despreading, deinterleaving and convolutional decoding. The messages sent from the satellite are divided into three types: quasi-real-time, registration, and timing. The communication priorities are quasi-real-time download, registration download, and timing download. During the download process, it follows the principle that high-priority messages wait for the current message to be processed before execution.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] High-throughput satellite emergency communication terminal integrating 5G core network

[0040] This embodiment provides a high-throughput satellite communication terminal system that supports the integration of the 5G core network for the power grid emergency disaster relief scenario. Its core architecture and functions are as follows:

[0041] RF channel unit, the handheld version of the terminal integrates a 2W power amplifier, supports Ka-band communication from 5GHz to 40GHz, adopts a zero-IF structure to achieve high integration, the single-chip size is 50mm×30mm, the receiving link includes an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit, and the dynamic adjustment signal strength range reaches 60dB. The signal processing unit supports the DVB-S2X standard, and the modulation modes cover BPSK and 32APSK. Combining hybrid beamforming technology, satellite-ground collaboration, compresses the feeder link data through the DFT algorithm, reduces the downlink data volume by 30%, and improves the spectrum utilization rate. The terminal processing unit realizes the protocol conversion between the satellite control plane, user plane and 5G core network through the network element conversion module (NE Gateway), supports terminal context mapping and PDU session management. The emergency communication module switches to the satellite relay mode within 100ms when detecting a power grid communication interruption, supports real-time backhaul of 1080P video with a bit rate of 8Mbps. The power management unit, the energy recovery module integrates a 500F supercapacitor, supports fast charging, fully charged in 30 minutes, has a battery life of 12 hours in the communication mode and a standby time of 72 hours in the sleep mode. The anti-electromagnetic interference module adopts a cavity-separated shielding structure, the isolation degree between the RF and baseband modules is greater than 30dB, and the LC filter network suppresses the power supply noise to the μV level to ensure communication stability in the electromagnetic pulse environment.

[0042] 5G satellite integrated communication, the terminal accesses the core network through the 5G base station. When entering the area without public network, it automatically triggers the satellite communication module and maintains service continuity through the network element conversion module. The beam switching mechanism is based on the real-time position information of the NMS, and the switching delay is 400ms, realizing seamless coverage of ground plus satellite. In emergency scenarios, when the ground network is paralyzed due to disasters such as earthquakes, the terminal serves as a mobile relay station, dynamically allocates satellite resources through the hopping beam (BH) technology, preferentially transmits emergency command instructions and on-site images, and supports multi-access connection, simultaneously accessing more than 10 emergency terminals.

[0043] Realize the fusion upgrade of power grid emergency communication from single satellite to 5G plus satellite, improve the redundancy and reliability of the communication network. The hybrid beamforming technology reduces satellite resource occupancy, reduces the transmission cost by 30%, and at the same time supports multi-terminal concurrent communication, adapting to large-scale disaster rescue scenarios. The high protection design is of IP67 level and has wide-temperature working ability to meet stable operation in extreme environments.

[0044] Embodiment 3

[0045] High-throughput satellite communication terminal for wide-area power Internet of Things

[0046] In this embodiment, aiming at the massive device access requirements in the wide-area power Internet of Things, a high-throughput satellite communication terminal system that supports multi-device collaboration and high-capacity data transmission is designed. Its core architecture and functions are as follows:

[0047] The radio frequency channel unit adopts phased array antenna technology, integrates a 16-element antenna array, supports multi-point beam coverage in the Ka band from 5 GHz to 40 GHz, with a single beam bandwidth of up to 1 GHz, can simultaneously access more than 50 power IoT devices. The power amplifier PA in the transmit link uses gallium nitride (GaN) devices, with an output power of 20 W for the vehicle-mounted version, supports beam hopping (BH) technology, and realizes dynamic allocation of satellite resources through time division multiplexing (TDM), improving the device access density in remote areas. The baseband processing module of the signal processing unit realizes MAC layer multiple access based on a multi-core DSP (TI TMS320C6678), in a hybrid mode of FDMA and TDMA, supports a peak data throughput of 200 Mbps. The adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) technology combines with a rainfall prediction model to adjust the MCS mode in advance, and the rain fade compensation efficiency is increased to 90%;

[0048] Integrates edge computing functions to perform local preprocessing, data compression, and outlier filtering on power IoT data, reducing the satellite link transmission volume by 40%. The terminal processing unit adopts a distributed architecture. The main controller ARM Cortex-A72 is connected to LoRa and Wi-Fi 6 sub-modules, supports access to IoT devices with multiple protocols, and performs end-to-end encryption on the aggregated data through a hardware encryption chip using the national cipher SM9 algorithm to meet the power data security level requirements. The space-air integrated data transmission architecture supports the coordinated operation of a 1.8 GHz LTE power wireless private network. In areas with public networks, satellite plus ground dual-link backup is adopted to ensure that the data transmission reliability exceeds 99.99%. The power management unit's dynamic power consumption allocation technology intelligently adjusts the power consumption according to the number of device accesses. The power consumption in the idle state is less than 1 W, and the power consumption in the full-load communication state is greater than 15 W. It supports hybrid power supply of solar energy and wind energy, is equipped with a 10 Ah lithium battery, and can work continuously for 24 hours in scenarios without external power supply. The anti-electromagnetic interference module uses physical isolation design for radio frequency circuits and digital circuits, combined with active noise cancellation (ANC) technology to suppress electromagnetic interference from power equipment and transformer harmonics, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is increased by more than 15 dB.

[0049] Multi-device collaborative access. The terminal aggregates the data of smart meters and sensors within one kilometer around through the LoRa sub-module. After being compressed by edge computing, it is sent to the satellite by the radio frequency channel unit through time-division beamforming. The satellite forwards the data of different regions to the corresponding power main station through frequency-division multiplexing technology. For intelligent resource scheduling, the signal processing unit monitors the load of each beam in real time. When the device access density in a certain area exceeds the threshold, the beam hopping mechanism is automatically triggered to allocate resources from the idle beam to avoid congestion. At the same time, according to the weather forecast data, it switches to the rain fade-resistant modulation mode 30 minutes in advance, switching from 32APSK to QPSK, with seamless dual-link switching. In the area covered by the ground network, the terminal preferentially uses the power wireless private network to transmit data, and the satellite link is used as a backup. When the ground network interruption is detected, the satellite link activation service migration is completed within 0.5 seconds to ensure uninterrupted data transmission.

[0050] Solve the problems of difficult device access and slow transmission in remote areas of the wide-area power Internet of Things. A single terminal supports more than 50 devices to access concurrently, with a 5-fold increase in capacity compared to the traditional solution. Edge computing and data compression technologies reduce the satellite link load and lower the communication cost by 25%. At the same time, the real-time performance is improved, and the data delay is less than 2 seconds. The dual-link backup and intelligent anti-interference design enable the communication success rate of the system to reach over 98% in a complex electromagnetic environment, meeting the stringent requirements of the power grid digitization for reliability.

[0051] In summary, the system of the present invention realizes the bidirectional conversion of baseband signals and RF signals in the range of 5 GHz to 40 GHz in the Ka band through the frequency agile converter and power amplifier carried by the RF channel unit. It uses a zero-IF receiver structure to convert to the baseband in one go, eliminating image frequency interference. At the same time, through the highly integrated design of the antenna, RF filter, low-noise amplifier, and mixer, the receiving link has high sensitivity, with the receiving sensitivity not exceeding -120 dBm. The transmitting link achieves a power output of more than 10 W for the vehicle-mounted version and more than 2 W for the handheld version. By means of the time slicing mechanism of the beam hopping BH technology, satellite resources are dynamically allocated, solving the coverage blind area problem of traditional satellite communication in remote areas. It is especially suitable for the data access of on-line monitoring equipment for transmission lines in areas without public networks in the power grid field. The baseband processing module integrated in the signal processing unit, through MAC frame encoding and decoding, spreading and despreading, BPSK, QPSK, 16APSK, and 32APSK modulation and demodulation, combined with the adaptive coding and modulation ACM technology, uses the channel quality estimation module to monitor the rain fade and multipath effect parameters in real time, with a compensation margin exceeding 20 dB. And through the feedback link, the coding and modulation modes of the DVB-S2 and S2X standards are dynamically switched. When the channel is good, 32APSK high-order modulation and 3 / 4 code rate coding are adopted to improve the spectrum utilization rate. In a harsh environment, it switches to QPSK low-order modulation and 1 / 2 code rate coding to ensure transmission reliability, effectively compensating for the fading of the space-ground link, ensuring the stable backhaul of power grid monitoring images and a large amount of power Internet of Things data in a wide area, and enhancing the guarantee ability in emergency disaster relief and pole communication blind area filling scenarios. The terminal processing unit adopts an FPGA and MCU collaborative architecture, realizes user data interaction through USB and Bluetooth interfaces, securely transmits the composite email format data with the help of a hardware encryption chip, and accesses the power wireless private network through the satellite gateway station, constructing an air-ground integrated data transmission architecture to achieve the all-round visualization of power data in the air and space. At the same time, the emergency communication module automatically switches to the satellite relay mode when the power grid communication is interrupted, supporting real-time video backhaul and status monitoring data transmission, ensuring the continuity of dispatching command communication in disaster scenarios, and solving the problem of dispatching failure caused by the interruption of existing wireless communication;

[0052] The power management unit intelligently switches the power supply mode in standby, communication, and sleep states through dynamic power consumption allocation technology. The peak power consumption in the communication mode is 5W, and the peak in the sleep mode is 0.5W. Combined with an energy recovery module that uses a solar charging interface, a lithium battery, and a supercapacitor for hybrid power supply, it ensures that the terminal can maintain a working condition with an uplink speed of 1Mbps to 4Mbps and a downlink speed of 2Mbps to 8Mbps, and has a battery life of more than 12 hours, meeting the long battery life requirements in the field without external power supply scenarios, reducing the operation and maintenance costs of power companies. The anti-electromagnetic interference module suppresses internal coupling interference and external electromagnetic emissions in all directions through physical isolation of RF and digital circuits on a multi-layer PCB board, a cavity-type metal shielding cover to suppress cross-module electromagnetic coupling, an LC filter network to attenuate high-frequency harmonics above 1GHz, and optimized ground wire design to stabilize the reference potential, ensuring the stability of the terminal in a harsh electromagnetic environment and adapting to the complex industrial environment in the power grid field. The system supports 5G core network integration, realizes protocol conversion between the satellite side and the 5G core network through a network element conversion module, and achieves seamless beam switching based on the position information of the network management system NMS with the help of a beam switching mechanism, with a peak delay of 500ms, improving communication flexibility and network adaptability. The terminal device adopts a miniaturized design of 80mm×50mm×20mm, has an IP65 protection level, and has the ability to work in a wide temperature range, meeting the requirements of portability and environmental adaptability in the power field;

[0053] In summary, through the collaborative work of multiple modules, this system not only solves the coverage problem of traditional communication in power grid blind areas and realizes the safe, efficient, and stable transmission of power data, but also significantly improves the emergency communication ability and equipment environmental adaptability through low power consumption, anti-interference, miniaturization, and 5G integration design, providing key technical support for the construction of all-region visual monitoring and intelligent scheduling of digital power grids, and having significant economic value and social significance.

[0054] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, in any regard, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to embrace all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

[0055] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only includes an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A high-throughput satellite communication terminal system, the terminal system comprising a radio frequency channel unit, a signal processing unit, a terminal processing unit, a power management unit, and an anti-electromagnetic interference module, characterized in that: The radio frequency channel unit is equipped with a frequency agile device and a power amplifier, and is used to realize the bidirectional conversion between baseband signals and radio frequency signals, support communication frequencies in the Ka band, with a valley value of 5 GHz and a peak value of 40 GHz. It adopts a zero-IF receiver structure, eliminates image frequency interference through one-time frequency conversion to the baseband, and realizes a highly integrated design in which radio frequency signals directly enter the mixer after passing through the antenna, radio frequency filter, and low-noise amplifier. The signal processing unit integrates a baseband processing module, realizes MAC frame encoding and decoding, spreading and despreading, and modulation and demodulation, supports modulation methods such as BPSK, QPSK, 16APSK, and 32APSK, anti-interference processing, and pilot capture and tracking. Based on the adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) technology, the coding and modulation mode (MCS) is dynamically adjusted through a channel quality estimation module to compensate for the fading of the satellite-ground link. The terminal processing unit adopts a cooperative architecture of FPGA and MCU, is responsible for the overall control of the machine and user data interaction, supports USB, Bluetooth interfaces, and power management, has functions of identity authentication, orbit prediction, and signal strength monitoring, encapsulates user data into a composite email format, and realizes secure data transmission through a hardware encryption chip. The power management unit integrates a low-power circuit design, supports external DC power input, realizes overall power consumption control, sleep wake-up, and anti-power noise filtering, and ensures the long battery life of the terminal in an outdoor environment. Under the working conditions of 1 to 4 Mbps for uplink and 2 to 8 Mbps for downlink, the minimum battery life is 12 hours. The anti-electromagnetic interference module includes optimized ground wire design, PCB board layer isolation, radio frequency filter circuit, and conductive alumina box shielding structure to suppress internal coupling interference and external electromagnetic emissions.

2. The high-throughput satellite communication terminal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radio frequency channel unit further includes a receiving link and a transmitting link. The receiving link adopts a high-sensitivity design, includes a SAW band-pass filter, a low-noise amplifier (LNA), and an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit, and the peak receiving sensitivity is -120 dBm. The transmitting link integrates a power amplifier (PA), with a valley output power of 10 W for the vehicle-mounted version and a valley output power of 2 W for the handheld version, supports the beam hopping (BH) technology, and realizes dynamic allocation of satellite resources through time slicing.

3. The high-throughput satellite communication terminal system according to claim 1, wherein: The adaptive coding and modulation of the signal processing unit includes a channel estimation module and a feedback link. The channel estimation module evaluates the quality of the satellite-ground link in real time based on the received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the pilot signal, and detects rainfall attenuation and multipath effect interference parameters. The feedback link transmits the channel state information (CSI) to the transmitter through the reverse channel, supports the MCS look-up table of the DVB-S2 and S2X standards, adopts high-order modulation and high-rate coding when the channel is good, and switches to low-order modulation and low-rate coding in a harsh environment.

4. A high-throughput satellite communication terminal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal processing unit includes an air-ground integrated data transmission architecture and an emergency communication module. The air-ground integrated data transmission architecture accesses the power wireless private network through a satellite gateway station, provides broadband data access for on-line monitoring equipment of transmission lines in areas without public networks, and realizes the all-region visualization of power data in the air and space. The emergency communication module automatically switches to the satellite relay mode when the power grid communication is interrupted, supports real-time video backhaul and status monitoring data transmission, and ensures dispatching and command communication in disaster scenarios.

5. A high-throughput satellite communication terminal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-electromagnetic interference module includes a multi-layer PCB board layout, a radio frequency shielding structure, and a filtering network. In the multi-layer PCB board layout, the radio frequency circuit and the digital circuit are physically isolated, and the power layer and the ground layer adopt a planar capacitor decoupling design. The radio frequency shielding structure uses a cavity-type metal shielding cover to isolate the radio frequency front end and the baseband processing module, suppressing cross-module electromagnetic coupling. The filtering network integrates LC filter circuits at the power inlet and the signal interface to attenuate high-frequency harmonics.

6. The high-throughput satellite communication terminal system according to claim 1, wherein: The power management unit includes a dynamic power consumption allocation and an energy recovery module. The dynamic power consumption allocation intelligently switches the power supply mode according to the terminal working states of standby, communication, and sleep. The power consumption peak is 5W in the communication mode and 0.5W in the sleep mode. The energy recovery module integrates a solar charging interface and supports hybrid power supply of lithium batteries and supercapacitors to meet the application scenarios without external power supply in the wild.

7. A high-throughput satellite communication terminal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal system supports 5G core network integration and includes a network element conversion module and a beam switching mechanism. The network element conversion module realizes the protocol conversion of the satellite side control plane, user plane, and 5G core network through the network gateway, supports terminal context mapping and packet data unit (PDU) session management. The beam switching mechanism, based on the location information monitoring of the network management system (NMS), completes seamless beam switching through the cooperation of the source network control center and the target network control center, and the peak switching delay is 500ms.

8. A high-throughput satellite communication terminal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal system includes a terminal device. The size of the terminal device meets the requirements of miniaturized design, supports the IP65 protection level, and adapts to a wide temperature working environment.

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