Rapidly-cured anti-aging photovoltaic insulation paste as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic insulation paste, and provides rapid-curing anti-aging photovoltaic insulation paste as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The photovoltaic insulating glue comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-85 parts of polyfunctional acrylic resin, 1-5 parts of epoxy resin, 1-10 parts of a coupling agent, 1-10 parts of a softening agent, 0.2-1 part of an auxiliary agent, 0.5-1 part of an initiator, 0.1-0.5 part of a dispersing agent, 0-10 parts of pigment and 0-2 parts of an ultraviolet absorber. The multifunctional acrylic resin is acrylic resin with the functionality of 2-6; the softening agent is polycarbonate with the molecular weight of 500 to 6000. The photovoltaic insulation glue can be directly used, does not need to add any second component, can be rapidly cured, has high glue film hardness, and also has excellent electrical insulation performance, PID resistance, damp-heat aging resistance and ultraviolet aging resistance, and the adhesion durability of the glue film of the photovoltaic insulation glue and the interface of a battery piece, a welding strip and a packaging glue film is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic insulating adhesives, and particularly to a rapidly curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of photovoltaic technology, the market has higher and higher requirements for the power and cost performance of solar cells. Among them, back-contact photovoltaic cells (i.e., BC cells) can maximize the utilization of incident light on the front surface and reduce optical losses through a design without grid lines on the front surface (that is, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the back-contact photovoltaic cell are both distributed on the back surface of the solar cell, so the front surface of the back-contact photovoltaic cell will not be blocked by the electrodes). Its conversion efficiency is higher than that of other mainstream photovoltaic cells (such as TOPCon cells and PERC cells). For example, the mass production efficiency of the ABC cells (fully back-contact photovoltaic cells) of Aiko Solar Co., Ltd. reaches 26.5%, and the efficiency of its photovoltaic modules reaches 24%; another example is that the efficiency of the HPBC modules of LONGi reaches 25.3%. Under the same area, the power generation of BC modules is 8% higher than that of TOPCon modules, and the power density is increased by 4.76%.

[0003] The positive electrode (the positive electrode includes positive grid lines) and the negative electrode (the negative electrode includes negative grid lines) of the back-contact photovoltaic cell are both distributed on the back surface of the solar cell. When several back-contact photovoltaic cells are interconnected into a photovoltaic module, the solder ribbon is welded to the solder pads of the back-contact photovoltaic cell, and both the positive grid lines and the negative grid lines are located on the side of the solder ribbon close to the solar cell. To avoid contact short circuit, it is necessary to coat an insulating adhesive between the solder ribbon, the positive grid lines and the negative grid lines; moreover, during the complex processes of solar cell preparation (such as multiple laser grooving and electrode patterning), the insulating adhesive can enhance the stability of the cell structure and reduce the leakage and fragmentation rate of the solar cell.

[0004] Currently, the mainstream photovoltaic insulating adhesives are mainly divided into: epoxy resin-based insulating adhesives (such as CN116083017A), UV-curable system insulating adhesives, and silicone-based insulating adhesives. However, these types of insulating adhesives all have obvious defects: for example, the curing time of epoxy resin-based insulating adhesives is long (usually ≥ 30 minutes), which affects the production efficiency of photovoltaic modules, and the epoxy resin-based insulating adhesives have a high yellowing value and poor anti-aging performance, which affects the service life of photovoltaic modules; although the UV-curable system insulating adhesives can be rapidly cured (1 - 5 minutes), the yellowing value ΔY > 15 after long-term exposure to outdoor ultraviolet light, and the anti-aging performance is poor, resulting in a decrease in the light transmittance of photovoltaic modules and interface bonding failure, which affects the power and service life of photovoltaic modules; silicone-based insulating adhesives have excellent high-temperature resistance and flexibility, but the cost of silicone-based insulating adhesives is high and the curing rate is slow.

[0005] With the improvement of the production capacity of back-contact photovoltaic cells, the insulating adhesive for back-contact photovoltaic cells is a key auxiliary material to support the implementation of its technology. Currently, it mainly consists of highly customized products, and further breakthroughs are needed in terms of cost, aging resistance, and process compatibility. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a photovoltaic insulating adhesive that can cure quickly and has performance advantages such as low cost and aging resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic insulating adhesive that can cure quickly and has performance advantages such as low cost and aging resistance, as well as its preparation method and application, aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology.

[0007] Based on this, the present invention discloses a quickly curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive, which comprises the following raw materials by weight:

[0008] 50 - 85 parts of multi-functional acrylic resin, 1 - 5 parts of epoxy resin, 1 - 10 parts of coupling agent, 1 - 10 parts of softener, 0.2 - 1 part of auxiliary agent, 0.5 - 1 part of initiator, 0.1 - 0.5 part of dispersant, 0 - 10 parts of pigment, 0 - 2 parts of ultraviolet light absorber;

[0009] Among them, the multi-functional acrylic resin is an acrylic resin with 2 - 6 functional groups;

[0010] Among them, the softener is a polycarbonate with a molecular weight of 500 - 6000 (such as one or more of polycarbonate Lexan 141R, Makrolon 2805, PC - 110U).

[0011] The multi-functional acrylic resin is tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 , ]decane dimethanol diacrylate (A - DCP of Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), pentaerythritol tri- and tetraacrylate (such as A - TMM - 3, A - TMM - 3LM - N of Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (A - TMMT of Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), bis-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (AD - TMP of Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol polyacrylate (A - DPH of Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), epoxidized dipentaerythritol polyacrylate (A - DPH - 12E of Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), or one or more of them.

[0012] Preferably, the epoxy resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin (such as bisphenol A epoxy resin E51 and E44 from Shandong Jinhong New Material Technology Co., Ltd.) and / or alicyclic epoxy resin (such as alicyclic epoxy resin ERL-4221 and ERL-4206 from Hexion in the United States, and alicyclic epoxy resin EPOLEAD GT-300 and EPOLEAD GT-400 from Nagase ChemteX in Japan).

[0013] Preferably, the coupling agent is one or more of silane coupling agents (such as silane coupling agents S3613, KH570, and KH560 from Shandong Sike New Material Co., Ltd.), silane oligomers, and titanate coupling agents.

[0014] Preferably, the additives include 0.1 - 0.5 parts of leveling agent and 0.1 - 0.5 parts of defoaming agent;

[0015] The leveling agent is an organosilicon-modified polyether leveling agent (such as organosilicon-modified polyether leveling agents BYK330, BYK331, and BYK332 from BYK Chemie) and / or organosilicon leveling agent (such as organosilicon leveling agents DC11 and DC29 from Dow Corning); the defoaming agent is a polyether defoaming agent (such as polyether defoaming agent BD3-3016 from Jining Huakai Resin Co., Ltd., and polyether defoaming agent SGR1800 from Xingrui (Shandong) Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.) and / or organosilicon defoaming agent (such as organosilicon defoaming agent KSP-108 from Shandong Sike New Material Co., Ltd., and organosilicon defoaming agents DS-4040 and DS-4080 from Nanjing Shuguang Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd.).

[0016] Preferably, the initiator is one or more of benzoyl peroxide (BPO), dicumyl peroxide (DCP), tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB), and tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate (TBEC).

[0017] Preferably, the pigment is one or more of titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, cadmium red, iron red, 3132 scarlet powder, carbon black, copper chromite black, iron chromite black, cobalt chromite blue, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green, and phthalocyanine green.

[0018] Preferably, the dispersant is an anionic dispersant (such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium polyacrylate) and / or a non-ionic dispersant (such as polyether non-ionic dispersant TPE-1000 from Lianji Chemical Industry, polyether non-ionic dispersant PPE-1500 from Jiangsu Haian Petrochemical Co., Ltd., and polyether non-ionic dispersant GPE-3000 from Jiangsu Sterek Chemical Co., Ltd.; and fatty acid ester non-ionic dispersants PEG400MS and PEG400MO from Nantong Hansheng Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0019] Preferably, the ultraviolet light absorber is a triazine-type ultraviolet light absorber (such as Tinuvin 400 and UV479 of BASF SE, and UV5405 of Qitai Technology Co., Ltd.) and / or a benzophenone-type ultraviolet light absorber (such as UV-531 of Tianjin Lianyong New Materials Co., Ltd.).

[0020] The present invention also discloses a preparation method of a fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive, including the following preparation steps:

[0021] S1. Mix 0 - 10 parts by weight of pigment, 0 - 2 parts of ultraviolet light absorber, 30 - 50 parts of polyfunctional polypropylene resin, and 0.1 - 0.5 parts of dispersant, disperse evenly, and then grind to a fineness of 5 - 15 microns to prepare a color paste;

[0022] S2. Mix the color paste obtained in step S1 with 20 - 35 parts by weight of polyfunctional polypropylene resin, 1 - 5 parts of epoxy resin, 1 - 10 parts of coupling agent, 1 - 10 parts of softener, 0.2 - 1 part of auxiliary agent, and 0.5 - 1 part of initiator, and continuously disperse at 500 - 1500 r / min for 1 - 3 h. After uniform dispersion, the photovoltaic insulating adhesive is obtained.

[0023] The present invention also discloses an application of the fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive, applying the photovoltaic insulating adhesive to photovoltaic cells.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The photovoltaic insulating adhesive of the present invention can be directly used without adding any second component; at a certain temperature (such as 180 °C), the photovoltaic insulating adhesive can be quickly cured (the curing time can be shortened to 2 min) to form a dense adhesive film with strong adhesion to the cell, solder tape, and encapsulation film (suitable for common encapsulation films such as EVA, EPE, and POE), which can greatly improve the production efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0026] Moreover, the photovoltaic insulating adhesive of the present invention has the advantages of high hardness of the adhesive film, excellent electrical insulation performance, good anti-PID performance, good resistance to damp heat aging, good interfacial adhesion durability of the adhesive film to the cell, solder tape, and encapsulation film, and good anti-ultraviolet aging performance; it can effectively solve the problem of short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes caused by the aging of the photovoltaic insulating adhesive on the back of the BC cell, ensure the packaging reliability and long-term operation stability of the photovoltaic module, and help extend the service life of the photovoltaic module. Specific Embodiments

[0027] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A preparation method of a fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive in this embodiment includes the following preparation steps:

[0030] S1. Take 10 parts (by weight, the same below) of titanium dioxide, 0.25 parts of dispersant GPE-3000 from Jiangsu Steric Chemical Co., Ltd., 10 parts of pentaerythritol tri- and tetraacrylate from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., 10 parts of ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (AD-TMP from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 20 parts of epoxidized dimerized pentaerythritol polyacrylate (A-DPH-12E from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.). After mixing, use a disperser to disperse continuously at 1000 r / min for 1 h, then transfer to a ball mill and grind to a fineness of 10 microns. After filtering with a 250-mesh filter cloth, let it stand to obtain a color paste.

[0031] S2. Take the color paste from step S1 and add 20 parts of epoxidized dimerized pentaerythritol polyacrylate (A-DPH-12E from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), 14 parts of tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 ,]decane dimethanol diacrylate (A-DCP from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin E51, 5 parts of organosilane coupling agent (the weight ratio of silane coupling agent S3613 to KH570 from Shandong Sike New Materials Co., Ltd. is 2:3), 5 parts of polycarbonate Lexan 141R, 0.15 parts of organosilicon-modified polyether leveling agent BYK330, 0.1 part of polyether defoaming agent BD3-3016 from Jining Huakai Resin Co., Ltd., and 0.5 part of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Use a disperser to disperse continuously at a speed of 1000 r / min for 2 h to obtain the photovoltaic insulating adhesive of this embodiment.

[0032] An application of a fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive in this embodiment is to apply the photovoltaic insulating adhesive to a photovoltaic cell. The specific application method is as follows:

[0033] Lay a customized 200-mesh wire mesh plate flat on the back of the cell (such as a BC cell), print the photovoltaic insulating adhesive prepared in step S2 on the back of the cell, and place the cell in an oven at 180°C for 2 min to completely cure the photovoltaic insulating adhesive.

[0034] Perform performance tests on the cured photovoltaic insulating glue on the battery chips of this embodiment, and the test results are as follows: the film thickness of the cured photovoltaic insulating glue is 30 μm, the hardness is 5H, and the volume resistivity is 1.5×10^16 Ω·cm; the photovoltaic modules prepared from the battery chips of this embodiment have no leakage after 96 hours of PID testing (-1500V, 85°C), and the yellowing values after UV300kwh aging testing with different encapsulation films (such as EVA encapsulation film, POE encapsulation film, EPE encapsulation film) are all ≤5.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] A preparation method of a fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating glue of this embodiment includes the following preparation steps:

[0037] S1. Take 10 parts (by weight, the same below) of barium sulfate, 2 parts of ultraviolet absorber UV5405 from Qitai Technology Co., Ltd., 0.25 part of dispersant GPE-3000 from Jiangsu Siderui Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 parts of pentaerythritol tri- and tetraacrylate from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., 15 parts of ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (AD-TMP from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 20 parts of epoxidized dimerized pentaerythritol polyacrylate (A-DPH-12E from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.). After mixing, use a disperser to disperse continuously at 1000 r / min for 1 h, then transfer to a ball mill and grind to a fineness of 10 microns. After filtering with a 250-mesh filter cloth, let it stand to obtain a color paste.

[0038] S2. Take the color paste from step S1 and add 15 parts of epoxidized dimerized pentaerythritol polyacrylate (A-DPH-12E from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), 19 parts of tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 ,]decane dimethanol diacrylate (A-DCP from Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), 5 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin E51, 4 parts of organosilane coupling agent (the weight ratio of silane coupling agent S3613 to KH570 from Shandong Sike New Materials Co., Ltd. is 2:3), 4 parts of polycarbonate Lexan 141R, 0.15 part of organosilicon-modified polyether leveling agent BYK330, 0.1 part of polyether defoaming agent BD3-3016 from Jining Huakai Resin Co., Ltd., and 0.5 part of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Use a disperser to disperse continuously at a speed of 1000 r / min for 2 h to obtain the photovoltaic insulating glue of this embodiment.

[0039] An application of a fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating glue of this embodiment, applying the photovoltaic insulating glue to photovoltaic battery chips, and the specific application method is as follows:

[0040] Lay a customized 300-mesh wire mesh plate flat on the back of the battery cell (such as a BC battery cell), print the photovoltaic insulating glue prepared in step S2 on the back of the battery cell, and place the battery cell in an oven at 180 °C for baking for 2 minutes to completely cure the photovoltaic insulating glue.

[0041] Perform performance tests on the cured photovoltaic insulating glue on the battery cells of this embodiment, and the test results are as follows: the film thickness of the cured photovoltaic insulating glue is 20 μm, the hardness is 5H, and the volume resistivity is 1.3×10^16 Ω·cm; the photovoltaic module prepared from the battery cells of this embodiment has no leakage after 96 hours of PID test (-1500V, 85 °C), and the peel strength retention rate with the EVA encapsulation film is >90% after 1000H of DH aging treatment, and the yellowing values after 300kwh of UV aging test with different encapsulation films (such as EVA encapsulation film, POE encapsulation film, EPE encapsulation film) are all ≤5.

[0042] According to the test results of Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the photovoltaic insulating glues of Examples 1 and 2 have the advantages of high film hardness, excellent electrical insulation performance, excellent anti-PID performance, good resistance to damp heat aging, good interfacial bonding durability between the photovoltaic insulating glue and the battery cell, solder strip and encapsulation film, and good anti-ultraviolet aging performance; it can effectively solve the problem of short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes caused by the aging of the photovoltaic insulating glue on the back of the BC battery cell, ensure the packaging reliability of the photovoltaic module and the stability of long-term operation, and help extend the service life of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, the photovoltaic insulating glues of Examples 1 and 2 can be directly used without adding any second component, and can be quickly cured at a certain temperature (the curing time can be shortened to 2 minutes), which can greatly improve the production efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0043] Although the preferred embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] The technical solutions provided by the present invention have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapidly curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 50 - 85 parts of multi - functional acrylic resin, 1 - 5 parts of epoxy resin, 1 - 10 parts of coupling agent, 1 - 10 parts of softener, 0.2 - 1 part of auxiliary agent, 0.5 - 1 part of initiator, 0.1 - 0.5 part of dispersant, 0 - 10 parts of pigment, 0 - 2 parts of ultraviolet absorber; Among them, the multi - functional acrylic resin is an acrylic resin with 2 - 6 functionality; Among them, the softener is a polycarbonate with a molecular weight of 500 - 6000; 2. The rapid-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein The multifunctional acrylic resin is one or more of tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 , ]decane dimethanol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tri- and tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, bis-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dimerized pentaerythritol polyacrylate, epoxidized dimerized pentaerythritol polyacrylate.

3. A fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that The epoxy resin is bisphenol A type epoxy resin and / or alicyclic epoxy resin; 4. A fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that The coupling agent is one or more of silane coupling agent, silane oligomer, titanate coupling agent; 5. A fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that The auxiliary agent includes 0.1 - 0.5 part of leveling agent and 0.1 - 0.5 part of defoaming agent; The leveling agent is silicone - modified polyether leveling agent and / or silicone leveling agent; the defoaming agent is polyether defoaming agent and / or silicone defoaming agent; 6. The rapid-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive according to claim 1, wherein The initiator is one or more of benzoyl peroxide, di - isopropylbenzene peroxide, tert - butyl peroxybenzoate, tert - butyl peroxy - 2 - ethylhexyl carbonate; 7. A fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pigment is one or more of titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, cadmium red, iron red, 3132 scarlet powder, carbon black, copper chromite black, iron chromite black, cobalt chromite blue, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green, phthalocyanine green; The dispersant is an anionic dispersant and / or a non - ionic dispersant; 8. A fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultraviolet absorber is a triazine - type ultraviolet absorber and / or a benzophenone - type ultraviolet absorber; 9. The preparation method of a kind of fast-curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating adhesive according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes the following preparation steps: S1. After mixing 0 - 10 parts of pigment, 0 - 2 parts of ultraviolet absorber, 30 - 50 parts of multi - functional polypropylene resin, and 0.1 - 0.5 part of dispersant weighed by weight, disperse them evenly, and then grind to a fineness of 5 - 15 microns to make a color paste; S2. After mixing the color paste in step S1 with 20 - 35 parts of multi - functional polypropylene resin, 1 - 5 parts of epoxy resin, 1 - 10 parts of coupling agent, 1 - 10 parts of softener, 0.2 - 1 part of auxiliary agent, and 0.5 - 1 part of initiator weighed by weight, disperse them evenly to obtain the photovoltaic insulating glue.

10. Use of a kind of rapidly curing and anti-aging photovoltaic insulating glue according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Apply the photovoltaic insulating glue to the photovoltaic cell.