Automatic disposal operation method based on shearing of shear pin of operating unit of hydropower station

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic disposal operation method based on shearing of a shear pin of a hydropower station operation unit, which comprises the following steps that: when a hydropower station computer monitoring system receives an alarm signal of a shear pin state monitoring system of a water-turbine generator set in a grid-connected state, the shear pin state monitoring system judges whether the alarm signal is a false alarm or not; the method comprises the following steps of: quitting a single-machine AGC function of an operating unit, properly increasing and decreasing single-machine load output, comparing variation of relative displacement of a main crank arm and an auxiliary crank arm before and after output adjustment according to the operating condition of the unit, judging whether foreign matters between guide vanes can be eliminated or not and whether an alarm signal of a shear pin state monitoring system is reset or not, and if the alarm signal is reset, notifying related personnel to check and process. If the alarm signal is not reset, executing the next step; applying fault unit switching operation to the dispatcher; after the fault unit is shut down, the automatic shear pin replacing device is started; the operation and maintenance efficiency of the power station is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shear pins of operating units in hydropower stations, and particularly to an automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of shear pins of operating units in hydropower stations. Background Art

[0002] The hydro-generating unit is the core equipment of a hydropower station, and its operation stability is directly related to the safety and efficiency of the power station. The shear pin is an important protection device in the hydro-generating unit. When the guide vane is stuck by sundries; the nylon bushing of the guide vane absorbs water and expands to hold the guide vane too tightly; the wear-resistant plates of the top cover and bottom ring of the water turbine bulge; the sizes of the connecting rods of each guide vane are adjusted improperly or the lock nuts are loose; the guide vane opens or closes too fast, the shear pin will be sheared to protect other components of the unit from damage. At this time, the vibration and swing of the unit increase, and an alarm signal is sent out, and it is necessary to immediately deal with the fault of the shear pin shearing of the operating unit to ensure the fault-free operation of the hydropower station equipment and ensure the safety and reliability of the power grid.

[0003] The traditional treatment method after the shear pin of the operating unit in the hydropower station is sheared usually requires manual intervention, including steps such as shutdown inspection and manual replacement of the shear pin. However, it has the following disadvantages: 1. The manual treatment process takes a long time and is inefficient, affecting the normal standby or power generation state of the equipment, resulting in a decrease in the power generation efficiency of the hydro-generating unit; 2. A large amount of wasted water may occur during the fault treatment process; 3. In severe cases, it affects the safe and stable operation of the power quality of the power grid. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above deficiencies and provide an automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of shear pins of operating units in hydropower stations to achieve rapid and automatic treatment after the shear pin is sheared, reduce manual intervention, and improve the operation efficiency and safety of hydropower stations.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of shear pins of operating units in hydropower stations, including the following steps: Step 1: When the computer monitoring system of the hydropower station receives the alarm signal from the shear pin status monitoring system of the hydro-generating unit under the grid-connected state, the shear pin status monitoring system determines whether the alarm signal is a false alarm. If it is a false alarm, it notifies the relevant personnel to check and handle it. If it is not a false alarm, the next step is executed; Step 2: Exit the single-unit AGC function for the operating unit and appropriately increase or decrease the load output of the single unit. Based on the unit's operating conditions and the change in the relative displacement of the main and auxiliary crank arms before and after the output adjustment, determine whether the foreign object between the guide vanes can be removed and whether the alarm signal of the shear pin status monitoring system has reset. If the alarm signal has reset, notify relevant personnel to check and handle the problem. If the alarm signal has not reset, proceed to the next step. Step 3: Apply to the dispatcher for the faulty unit switching operation, that is, start up the normal standby unit until it is connected to the grid and shut down the faulty unit. During the unit switching operation, ensure that the total load of the entire plant is executed according to the power generation plan curve. After the faulty unit switching operation is completed, proceed to the next step; Step 4: After the faulty unit is shut down, the automatic shear pin replacement device is started. The sheared shear pin is automatically removed and a new shear pin is installed through the robotic arm and automated tools. The shear pin status automatic monitoring system performs a comprehensive inspection to ensure that there are no other faults. The faulty unit then returns to normal standby status.

[0006] Preferably, in step 1, the shear pin device of the hydro-generator set is a water-conducting component of the turbine, and is composed of a seat ring, a bottom ring, a top cover, a movable guide vane and an operating mechanism thereof, wherein the operating mechanism includes a relay piston, a push-pull rod, a control ring, a crank arm, a connecting plate, a double connecting plate, a half pin, a connecting column pin, and an eccentric pin; The action process of the water-guiding component is as follows: when the control ring rotates under the action of the relay, the connecting plate is driven to move through the double connecting plate, and the connecting plate drives the main crank arm to move by friction, and the main crank arm transmits the force to the guide vane shaft by the split pin, pushing the guide vane to open and close.

[0007] Preferably, in step 1, the shear pin status monitoring system for the hydro-generator set includes a sensor module, a data acquisition module, a data processing and analysis module, a communication module, a power management module, a user interface module, a data storage module and a software system; The sensor module includes a shear pin sensor, a vibration sensor, and a temperature sensor, which are used to detect changes in the state of the shear pin, monitor the vibration of the equipment, determine whether the shear pin has failed, and detect temperature changes of the shear pin and the surrounding environment; The data acquisition module includes a data acquisition unit and a signal conditioning circuit, which is used to collect sensor data and perform preliminary processing, and amplify and filter the sensor signal; The data processing and analysis module is responsible for data processing and status analysis, and determines the status of the shear pin through algorithms; Communication module is used for remote data transmission; The power management module is used to provide the power required by the system; The user interface module includes a display screen and an alarm device for displaying the shear pin status in real time and alarming when the shear pin status is abnormal; The data storage module is used to upload data to the cloud for remote access and analysis; Software systems are used for data analysis and system management.

[0008] Preferably, in step 2, the AGC function is to reasonably organize and dispatch the power generation equipment of the power station, quickly and economically control the start and stop of the entire power station units and the adjustment of active power, under the premise of ensuring the normal operation of the power station equipment and meeting various constraints, to meet system needs, so that the power station output is always consistent with the total load issued by the dispatcher, while minimizing water consumption; When exiting the AGC function of a single unit in operation, ensure that the AGC functions of the remaining operating units are put into normal operation to ensure that the total load of the power plant is executed according to the power generation plan curve. Adjust the guide vane opening by appropriately increasing or decreasing the load output of the single unit. According to the operating conditions of the unit, determine whether the foreign matter between the guide vanes can be eliminated and whether the shear pin shear fault alarm is restored.

[0009] Preferably, in step 3, the order of applying to the dispatcher for switching over the faulty unit is as follows: normal standby units are started up to be connected to the grid, and the faulty unit is shut down. The shutdown operation of the faulty unit is divided into normal shutdown operation of the faulty unit and abnormal shutdown operation of the faulty unit according to whether the unit output can be normally reduced to no-load output.

[0010] Preferably, the normal standby unit startup to grid-connected operation process is: unit shutdown state → switch operation, that is, tripping the electrical brake switch → cooling equipment operation, that is, opening the electric water valve and water filter, starting the oil circulation pump, starting the pure water system, the main transformer cooler → auxiliary equipment operation, that is, deactivating the heater, launching the upper oil mist absorption device, launching the derivation oil mist absorption device, launching the carbon powder absorption device, exiting the peristaltic detection → starting the hydraulic system to pull out the lock → launching high-pressure oil, checking the wind gate → starting the speed governor → closing the generator outlet switch isolating knife → launching the excitation system → startup to grid-connected operation, closing the generator outlet switch → power generation state.

[0011] Preferably, the normal shutdown operation process of the faulty unit is: unit operation → reduce active power and reactive power → unit de-coupling, that is, trip the generator outlet switch → stop the excitation system → stop the speed regulator → close the electrical brake switch, open the electrical brake grounding switch → activate the electrical brake → activate the mechanical brake → stop the guide bearing oil external circulation system → trip the electrical brake short-circuit switch, activate the unit peristaltic device → stop the high-pressure oil → stop the hydraulic system and auxiliary equipment, that is, exit the guide oil mist absorption device, the derivation oil mist absorption device, and the carbon powder absorption device → stop the technical water supply system → stop the entire unit; if the unit output cannot be normally reduced to the no-load output, the unit speed is reduced by closing the unit inlet rapid door and discharging the horizontal pressure of the pressure steel pipe. After the unit output is reduced to the no-load output, the de-coupling shutdown operation is performed until the unit is completely shut down.

[0012] Preferably, the guide vane opening and the speed drop are closely monitored during the unit shutdown process in step 3. If the shutdown process operates normally, the damper is kept in the engaged state after the unit is completely stopped to prevent the unit from creeping. If the speed drops abnormally slowly and cannot reach the electrical braking or mechanical braking speed value for a long time, the unit speed is reduced until it is completely shut down by means of fast closing drop doors and pressure steel pipes to discharge horizontal pressure.

[0013] Preferably, in step 4, the automatic shear pin replacement device comprises a robotic arm system, a shear pin clamping tool, a visual recognition system, a control system, and a shear pin storage bin; Among them, the robotic arm system is a freely retractable robotic arm used to accurately position and operate the shear pin; The shear pin clamping tool is installed at the end of the robot arm and is used to clamp and remove the shear pin that has been sheared and install a new shear pin; The shear pin storage bin is used to store spare shear pins, and has an automated feeding system that can automatically transport shear pins to the replacement position as needed; The visual recognition system includes a camera and image processing software to identify the position and status of the shear pin; The control system includes PLC and motion control modules, which are used to control the movement of the robot arm and the entire process of shear pin replacement.

[0014] Preferably, the working process of the automatic shear pin replacement device is as follows: When the shear pin of the turbine generator set is sheared off, the condition monitoring system transmits a signal to the control system, which starts the automatic replacement procedure; Guided by the visual recognition system, the robotic arm accurately locates the shear pin position; The gripping tool at the end of the robotic arm grips the sheared pin, removes it, and moves it out of the work area; The shear pin storage bin automatically transports new shear pins to the replacement position, and the robotic arm grips the new shear pins and installs them at the designated position; The visual recognition system inspects the replaced shear pins and sends a completion signal to the control system after confirming that they are installed correctly. After the control system confirms that the replacement is complete, it sends an instruction to the computer monitoring system that the shear pin fault has been resolved.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention can realize rapid and automatic processing after the shear pin is cut, reduce manual intervention, and improve the operating efficiency and safety of the hydropower station. All data information in the fault processing is recorded and transmitted to the data analysis system for subsequent fault analysis and formulation of preventive measures, providing intelligent technical means for the health status evaluation and fault diagnosis of power station equipment, improving the operation and maintenance efficiency of the power station, and greatly promoting the development of smart power stations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow structure diagram of an automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of shear pins of operating units in a hydropower station; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the water turbine guide vane mechanism; Figure 3 It is a partial schematic diagram of the water turbine guide vane mechanism; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the water turbine shear pin; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the shear pin status monitoring system for a hydro-generating unit; Figure 6 It is the shear pin status alarm function of the computer monitoring system; Figure 7 It is a flow chart of starting a normal standby unit from startup to grid connection; Figure 8 It is a flow chart of normal shutdown operation for a faulty unit. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] As Figure 1 shown, an automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of shear pins of operating units in a hydropower station includes the following steps: Step 1: When the computer monitoring system of the hydropower station receives an alarm signal from the shear pin status monitoring system of the hydro-generating unit under grid-connected status, the shear pin status monitoring system determines whether the alarm signal is a false alarm. If it is a false alarm, it notifies the relevant personnel to check and handle it. If it is not a false alarm, the next step is executed; In the said Step 1, the shear pin device of the hydro-generating unit belongs to the water guide component of the water turbine, and is composed of a stay ring, a bottom ring, a top cover, movable guide vanes and their operating mechanisms. The operating mechanism includes a servo piston, a push rod, a control ring, a crank arm, a connecting plate (auxiliary crank arm), a double connecting plate, a split pin (open pin, expansion pin) and a connecting stud pin, an eccentric pin; the structural schematic diagram is as shown in the appendix Figure 2 shown; The action process of the water guide component is as follows: When the control ring rotates under the action of the servo, it drives the connecting plate to move through the double connecting plate. The connecting plate drives the main crank arm to move by relying on friction, and the main crank arm transmits the force to the guide vane shaft through the split pin to push the guide vanes to open and close.

[0019] In step 1, the servomotor of the water turbine's wicket gate mechanism serves as the power source for the wicket gate's movement. The control ring is a circular component that is rotated by the servomotor and then transfers the motion to all the wicket gates through a connecting rod and rocker arm mechanism, causing them to move synchronously. The rocker arm of the wicket gate connects the wicket gate and the control ring, playing a transmission role. The shear pin is a cylindrical pin installed on the wicket gate arm that is easily sheared. When a fault occurs in the movement of a certain wicket gate or it is blocked by foreign objects, the shear pin will be sheared, disconnecting that wicket gate from the connecting arm and preventing it from affecting the movement of other wicket gates. When the water turbine's wicket gate mechanism operates, the operating sequence of each component is as follows: the push-pull rod of the servomotor - the control ring - the double connecting plate - the secondary rocker arm - the shear pin - the main rocker arm - the split pin - the movable wicket gate. A partial schematic diagram of the water turbine's wicket gate mechanism is shown in the appendix Figure 3 as shown, and a schematic diagram of the shear pin is shown in the appendix Figure 4 as shown.

[0020] In step 1, the shear pin status monitoring system of the hydro-generator unit is shown in the appendix Figure 5 as shown. The shear pin status monitoring system of the hydro-generator unit includes a sensor module, a data acquisition module, a data processing and analysis module, a communication module, a power management module, a user interface module, a data storage module, and a software system; Among them, the sensor module includes a shear pin sensor, a vibration sensor, and a temperature sensor, which are used to detect changes in the status of the shear pin (such as fracture or displacement), monitor the vibration of the equipment, and determine whether the shear pin fails, and detect temperature changes in the shear pin and its surrounding environment; The data acquisition module includes a data acquisition unit and a signal conditioning circuit, which are used to collect sensor data and perform preliminary processing, and amplify and filter the sensor signals; The data processing and analysis module is responsible for data processing and status analysis, and determines the status of the shear pin through algorithms; The communication module is used for remote data transmission; The power management module is used to provide the power required by the system; The user interface module includes a display screen and an alarm device, which are used to display the status of the shear pin in real time and alarm when the status of the shear pin is abnormal; The data storage module is used to upload data to the cloud for easy remote access and analysis; The software system is used for data analysis and system management.

[0021] These above-mentioned modules work together to achieve real-time monitoring, analysis, and alarm of the shear pin status. If a shear pin shear fault event occurs in the hydro-generator unit, the monitoring system will issue an alarm, and the operating conditions of the unit will change: the vibration and swing of the unit will increase, abnormal sounds will occur, the pressure pulsation monitoring system will give an alarm, etc., and the computer monitoring system will display the current actual status of each shear pin, providing a reference for fault handling, as shown in the appendix Figure 6 as shown.

[0022] Step 2: Withdraw the single-unit AGC (Automatic Generation Control) function from the operating unit, appropriately increase or decrease the single-unit load output, and based on the operating conditions of the unit (monitoring data such as abnormal sounds, vibration swing, and pressure pulsation), compare the change in the relative displacement of the main and auxiliary crank arms before and after the output adjustment to determine whether the foreign object between the guide vanes can be eliminated and whether the alarm signal of the shear pin status monitoring system has been reset. If the alarm signal has been reset, notify the relevant personnel for inspection and handling. If the alarm signal has not been reset, proceed to the next step; In the above Step 2, the AGC function refers to reasonably organizing and dispatching the power generation equipment of the power station on the premise of ensuring the normal operation of the power station equipment and meeting various limiting conditions, quickly and economically controlling the start-stop of the entire power station unit and the adjustment of the active power to meet the system requirements, keeping the power output of the power station consistent with the total load issued by the dispatching at any time, and minimizing the water consumption at the same time, so as to obtain the greatest possible economic benefits; When withdrawing the single-unit AGC function from the operating unit, ensure that the AGC functions of the remaining operating units are put into normal operation to ensure that the total load of the power plant is executed according to the power generation plan curve. Adjust the guide vane opening by appropriately increasing or decreasing the single-unit load output, and judge whether the foreign object between the guide vanes can be eliminated and whether the shear pin shear fault alarm has been reset according to the operating conditions of the unit.

[0023] Step 3: Apply to the dispatching for the switching operation of the faulty unit, that is, start the normal standby unit to grid connection and stop the faulty unit. Ensure that the total load of the whole plant is executed according to the power generation plan curve during the unit switching process. After the switching operation of the faulty unit is completed, proceed to the next step; In the above Step 3, the order of applying to the dispatching for the switching of the faulty unit is to start the normal standby unit to grid connection and stop the faulty unit. The shutdown operation of the faulty unit is divided into the normal shutdown operation of the faulty unit and the abnormal shutdown operation of the faulty unit according to whether the unit output can be normally reduced to the no-load output (indicating that the guide vane jamming situation is not serious).

[0024] The operation process of starting the normal standby unit to grid connection is as follows: Unit shutdown state → Switch operation, that is, trip the electrical braking switch → Cooling equipment operation, that is, open the electric water valve and filter, start the oil circulation pump, start the pure water system, and the main transformer cooler → Auxiliary equipment operation, that is, withdraw the heater, put on the guide oil mist absorption device, put on the derivation oil mist absorption device, put on the carbon powder absorption device, and withdraw the peristaltic detection → Start the hydraulic system to pull out the lock → Put on the high-pressure oil and check the air brake → Start the governor → Close the disconnecting switch of the generator outlet → Put on the excitation system → Start the operation to grid connection, close the generator outlet switch → Power generation state; The flow chart is shown in the attached drawing (7).

[0025] The normal shutdown operation process of the faulty unit is as follows: unit operation → reduce active power and reactive power → unit decoupling, i.e. tripping the generator outlet switch → stopping the excitation system → stopping the speed governor → closing the electrical brake switch, opening the electrical brake grounding switch → applying the electrical brake → applying the mechanical brake → stopping the pilot bearing oil external circulation system → tripping the electrical brake short-circuit switch, applying the unit peristaltic device → stopping the high-pressure oil → stopping the hydraulic system and auxiliary equipment, i.e. exiting the pilot oil mist absorption device, the derivation oil mist absorption device, and the carbon powder absorption device → stopping the technical water supply system → stopping the entire unit; the flow chart is as attached. Figure 8 If the unit output cannot be reduced to no-load output normally, it indicates that the guide vane is seriously blocked. The unit speed should be reduced by closing the unit inlet rapid door (exiting the monitoring system "inlet gate system shutdown exit mark" soft link in advance) and draining the horizontal pressure of the penstock. Wait until the unit output drops to no-load output before decoupling and shutting down the unit until it is completely shut down.

[0026] During the unit shutdown process in step 3, closely monitor the guide vane opening and speed drop. If the shutdown process is normal, keep the damper engaged after the unit is fully shut down to prevent unit creep. If the speed drop is abnormally slow and fails to reach the speed required for electrical or mechanical braking for a long time, use measures such as quick-closing doors and penstock pressure relief to reduce the unit speed until it completely shuts down. After the quick-closing doors are closed, closely monitor the temperatures of the three bearings and the operation of auxiliary equipment such as high-pressure oil.

[0027] Step 4: After the faulty unit is shut down, the automatic shear pin replacement device is started. The sheared shear pin is automatically removed and a new shear pin is installed through the robotic arm and automated tools. The shear pin status automatic monitoring system performs a comprehensive inspection to ensure that there are no other faults. The faulty unit then returns to normal standby status.

[0028] In step 4, the automatic shear pin replacement device includes a robotic arm system, a shear pin clamping tool, a visual recognition system, a control system, and a shear pin storage bin; Among them, the robotic arm system is a freely retractable robotic arm used to accurately position and operate the shear pin; The shear pin clamping tool is installed at the end of the robot arm and is used to clamp and remove the shear pin that has been sheared and install a new shear pin; The shear pin storage bin is used to store spare shear pins, and has an automated feeding system that can automatically transport shear pins to the replacement position as needed; The visual recognition system includes a camera and image processing software to identify the position and status of the shear pins, ensuring the accuracy of the replacement operation; The control system includes PLC and motion control modules, which are used to control the movement of the robot arm and the entire process of shear pin replacement.

[0029] Preferably, the working process of the automatic shear pin replacement device is as follows: When the shear pin of the hydro-generating unit is cut, the condition monitoring system transmits the signal to the control system to start the automatic replacement program; Under the guidance of the vision recognition system, the robotic arm accurately positions to the shear pin position; The clamping tool at the end of the robotic arm clamps the cut shear pin, disassembles it and removes it from the working area; The shear pin storage bin automatically conveys a new shear pin to the replacement position, and the robotic arm clamps the new shear pin and installs it at the designated position; The vision recognition system detects the replaced shear pin. After confirming that the installation is correct, it sends a completion signal to the control system; After the control system confirms the replacement is completed, it sends an instruction to the computer monitoring system that the shear pin fault has been processed.

[0030] The automatic shear pin replacement device in step 4 can significantly shorten the shear pin replacement time and reduce the unit shutdown time; it avoids potential safety hazards in manual operations, especially operations at high altitudes or in confined spaces; through the vision recognition system and the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, it ensures the accuracy and reliability of the replacement operation; the device has functions of automatic detection, automatic feeding and automatic replacement, realizing full-process intelligentization; The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of the shear pin of the operating unit of a hydropower station, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: When the hydropower station computer monitoring system receives the alarm signal from the shear pin status monitoring system of the hydro-generator unit under grid-connected status, the shear pin status monitoring system determines whether the alarm signal is a false alarm. If it is a false alarm, it notifies the relevant personnel for inspection and handling. If it is not a false alarm, it proceeds to the next step; Step 2: Withdraw the single-unit AGC function from the operating unit, and appropriately increase or decrease the single-unit load output. According to the operating conditions of the unit and by comparing the change in the relative displacement of the main and auxiliary crank arms before and after the output adjustment, it determines whether the foreign object between the guide vanes can be eliminated, and whether the alarm signal of the shear pin status monitoring system is restored. If the alarm signal is restored, it notifies the relevant personnel for inspection and handling. If the alarm signal is not restored, it proceeds to the next step; Step 3: Apply to the dispatcher for the switching operation of the faulty unit, that is, start the normal standby unit to grid connection and stop the faulty unit. During the unit switching process, ensure that the total plant load is executed in accordance with the power generation plan curve. After the switching operation of the faulty unit is completed, proceed to the next step; Step 4: After the faulty unit stops, the automatic shear pin replacement device starts. Through the robotic arm and automation tools, it automatically disassembles the sheared shear pin and installs a new one. The shear pin status automatic monitoring system conducts a comprehensive inspection. After ensuring that there are no other faults, the faulty unit resumes the normal standby state.

2. The automatic disposal operation method based on the shear pin shear of the operating unit of a hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein, In the said Step 1, the shear pin equipment of the hydro-generator unit belongs to the water guide component of the water turbine, and is composed of the stay ring, bottom ring, top cover, movable guide vanes and their operating mechanisms. The operating mechanism includes the servomotor piston, push-pull rod, control ring, crank arm, connecting plate, double connecting plate, split pin and connecting stud pin, eccentric pin; The action process of the water guide component is as follows: When the control ring rotates under the action of the servomotor, it drives the connecting plate to move through the double connecting plate. The connecting plate drives the main crank arm to move by relying on friction, and the main crank arm transmits the force to the guide vane shaft through the split pin to push the guide vanes to open and close.

3. The automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of the shear pin of the operating unit of the hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein, In the said Step 1, the shear pin status monitoring system of the hydro-generator unit includes a sensor module, a data acquisition module, a data processing and analysis module, a communication module, a power management module, a user interface module, a data storage module and a software system; Among them, the sensor module includes a shear pin sensor, a vibration sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to detect the state change of the shear pin, monitor the vibration of the equipment and judge whether the shear pin fails, and detect the temperature change of the shear pin and the surrounding environment; The data acquisition module includes a data acquisition unit and a signal conditioning circuit, which are used to collect sensor data and conduct preliminary processing, and amplify and filter the sensor signals; The data processing and analysis module is responsible for data processing and status analysis, and judges the status of the shear pin through algorithms; The communication module is used for remote data transmission; The power management module is used to provide the power required by the system; The user interface module includes a display screen and an alarm device, which are used to display the shear pin status in real time and alarm when the shear pin status is abnormal; The data storage module is used to upload the data to the cloud for easy remote access and analysis; The software system is used for data analysis and system management.

4. The automatic disposal operation method based on the shear pin shear of the operating unit of a hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein, In step 2, the AGC function refers to reasonably organizing and dispatching the power generation equipment of the power station on the premise of ensuring the normal operation of the power station equipment and meeting various limiting conditions, quickly and economically controlling the start-stop of the entire power station units and the adjustment of active power, so as to meet the system requirements, keep the power output of the power station consistent with the total load issued by the dispatching at any time, and minimize the water consumption at the same time; When the single-unit AGC function of the operating unit is withdrawn, ensure that the AGC functions of the remaining operating units are normally put into operation to ensure that the total load of the power plant is executed according to the power generation plan curve. Adjust the guide vane opening by appropriately increasing or decreasing the single-unit load output, and judge whether the foreign object between the guide vanes can be eliminated and whether the shear pin shear fault alarm is reset according to the operating conditions of the unit.

5. The automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of the shear pin of the operating unit of a hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein, In step 3, when applying to the dispatching for the switching order of the faulty unit, it is carried out according to the normal standby unit starting up to grid connection and the faulty unit shutting down operation. The faulty unit shutting down operation is divided into the normal shutting down operation of the faulty unit and the abnormal shutting down operation of the faulty unit according to whether the unit output can be normally reduced to the no-load output.

6. The automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of the shear pin of the operating unit of a hydropower station according to claim 5, characterized in that, The operation process of starting up the normal standby unit to grid connection is as follows: unit shutdown state → switch operation, that is, tripping the electrical braking switch → cooling equipment operation, that is, opening the electric water valve and filter, starting the oil circulation pump, starting the pure water system, main transformer cooler → auxiliary equipment operation, that is, withdrawing the heater, putting on the oil mist absorption device, putting on the derived oil mist absorption device, putting on the carbon powder absorption device, withdrawing the peristaltic detection → starting the hydraulic system to pull out the lock → putting on the high-pressure oil, checking the air brake → governor starting up → closing the isolating knife of the generator outlet switch → putting on the excitation system → starting up to grid connection operation, closing the generator outlet switch → power generation state.

7. An automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of the shear pin of an operating unit in a hydropower station according to claim 5, characterized in that, The normal shutting down operation process of the faulty unit is as follows: unit running → reducing active power and reactive power → unit disconnection, that is, tripping the generator outlet switch → stopping the excitation system → stopping the governor → closing the electrical braking switch, disconnecting the electrical braking grounding switch → putting on the electrical braking → putting on the mechanical braking → stopping the external oil circulation system of the guide bearing → tripping the electrical braking short-circuit switch, putting into the unit peristaltic device → stopping the high-pressure oil → stopping the hydraulic system and auxiliary equipment, that is, withdrawing the oil mist absorption device, derived oil mist absorption device, carbon powder absorption device → stopping the technical water supply system → unit fully stopped; if the unit output cannot be normally reduced to the no-load output, the unit speed is reduced by closing the quick-opening gate at the inlet of the unit and the pressure steel pipe drainage and pressure equalization measures. After the unit output is reduced to the no-load output, the disconnection and shutdown operation is carried out until it is completely shut down.

8. An automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of the shear pin of an operating unit in a hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, closely monitor the guide vane opening and the speed reduction during the unit shutdown process. If the shutdown process operates normally, keep the air brake in the put-in state after the unit is fully stopped to prevent the unit from creeping; If the speed reduction is extremely slow and it cannot reach the electrical braking or mechanical braking speed value for a long time, the unit speed is reduced until it is completely shut down by quickly closing the drop gate and the pressure steel pipe drainage and pressure equalization measures.

9. The automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of the shear pin of the operating unit of a hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein, In step 4, the automatic shear pin replacement device includes a robotic arm system, a shear pin clamping tool, a visual recognition system, a control system, and a shear pin storage bin; Among them, the robotic arm system is a freely telescopic robotic arm used for accurately positioning and operating the shear pin; The shear pin clamping tool is installed at the end of the robotic arm and is used to clamp and remove the sheared shear pins and install new shear pins; The shear pin storage bin is used to store spare shear pins and is an automated feeding system that can automatically convey shear pins to the replacement position according to requirements; The vision recognition system includes a camera and image processing software and is used to identify the position and status of the shear pins; The control system includes a PLC and a motion control module and is used to control the movement of the robotic arm and the entire process of shear pin replacement.

10. The automatic disposal operation method based on the shearing of the shear pin of the operating unit of a hydropower station according to claim 9, wherein, The working process of the automatic shear pin replacement device is as follows: When the shear pin of the hydro-generator unit is sheared, the status monitoring system transmits a signal to the control system to start the automatic replacement program; The robotic arm is accurately positioned at the shear pin position under the guidance of the vision recognition system; The clamping tool at the end of the robotic arm clamps the sheared shear pin, removes it and moves it out of the working area; The shear pin storage bin automatically conveys a new shear pin to the replacement position, and the robotic arm clamps the new shear pin and installs it at the designated position; The vision recognition system detects the replaced shear pin. After confirming that the installation is correct, it sends a completion signal to the control system; After the control system confirms the replacement is complete, it sends an instruction to the computer monitoring system that the shear pin fault has been processed.

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