Multi-stage excess pressure self-adaptive shunting type high-speed atomization desuperheater

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of attemperators and discloses a multi-stage excess pressure self-adaptive shunting type high-speed atomization attemperator which comprises a shell and a shunting ring, the shunting ring is installed at one end of the outer side of the shell and is an annular pipeline, the middle of the shunting ring is communicated with a header pipe, and the shunting ring is communicated with the inner space of the shell through branched pipes. A heat sleeve is installed in the shell, an input pipe is arranged on the shell, atomized cooling water is introduced into the shell through the input pipe, and the cooling water is mixed with steam at the position of the heat sleeve. The shell is provided with the sensor for detecting the steam input pressure, when the steam pressure is larger than a set value, the flow dividing ring extracts steam in the shell through the pump, redundant steam is divided into other desuperheaters, and the situation that the steam pressure in the desuperheaters is too large is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of desuperheaters, in particular to a multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive flow-dividing type high-speed atomizing desuperheater. Background Art

[0002] In industrial steam systems, the desuperheater is the core device for regulating the temperature of superheated steam. It is a device used to reduce the working environment temperature or control the humidity. Its working principle is to atomize the cooling water into tiny water droplets and use evaporation to remove heat, thereby achieving the effect of lowering the temperature.

[0003] Traditional desuperheaters typically use mechanical nozzles to atomize cooling water, achieving a mixed cooling effect of cooling water and high-temperature steam. However, existing technologies have significant drawbacks: the fixed nozzle structure results in a fixed cooling water spray direction, making the atomization direction difficult to adjust and inflexible. They also have poor adaptability to residual pressure fluctuations. When steam pressure suddenly changes, they cannot adapt to pressure changes and make adaptive adjustments, making it difficult to maintain a stable atomization effect. This can easily lead to incomplete evaporation of water droplets, causing pipeline erosion or equipment damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive split-flow high-speed atomizing desuperheater to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-stage residual pressure adaptive shunt-type high-speed atomizing desuperheater, comprising a shell, a sensor for detecting steam input pressure (not shown in the figure) provided at one end of the shell, a diverter ring provided on the outside of one end of the shell, the diverter ring connected to the internal space of the shell through a branch pipe, the diverter ring connected to a pressure reducing pump through a main pipe in the middle, a thermal sleeve provided inside the shell, an input pipe provided on the shell, the input pipe conveying cooling water in atomized state into the shell. The diverter ring is an annular pipe. When the steam pressure input into the shell is greater than the set value, the diverter ring extracts steam from the shell through a pressure reducing pump (not shown in the figure), and diverts the excess steam to other desuperheaters, thereby realizing the diversion and pressure regulation of the steam, avoiding excessive steam pressure in the desuperheater, and maintaining the steam pressure stable.

[0006] Both ends of the thermowell are connected to the interior of the shell. One section of the thermowell is a Venturi tube structure, and the other section is a Laval nozzle structure. The inner diameter of the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure is larger than the inner diameter of the contraction section of the Venturi tube structure. The contraction section of the Venturi tube structure is connected to the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure to form a step extending outward. The process of mixing the atomized cooling water and steam is completed in the thermowell. The steam is accelerated and decompressed by the Venturi tube structure, and then decelerated by the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure, increasing the time the steam spends mixing with the cooling water in the thermowell. When the steam flows through the middle of the thermowell (i.e., the junction of the contraction section of the Venturi tube structure and the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure), the pipe diameter increases to form a step, and the steam forms a backflow at the angle of the step. When water droplets are formed in the thermowell, under the influence of the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure, the water droplets gather in the middle of the thermowell. When steam continues to flow in the thermowell, backflow is continuously formed in the middle of the thermowell, and the backflow evaporates the water droplets in the middle, so that no water droplets remain in the thermowell. At the same time, the backflow is used to make the water droplets participate in the cooling process again.

[0007] A storage compartment for cooling water is formed between the thermowell and the housing. The thermowell is circumferentially provided with a plurality of atomization ports, located in the contraction section of the venturi structure. The inlet pipe injects cooling water into the storage compartment, where it is ejected through the atomization ports. As the steam passes through the thermowell, it exchanges heat with the thermowell, cooling the steam once. Simultaneously, the cooling water in the storage compartment is atomized and ejected, mixing with the steam for further cooling.

[0008] The thermowell is centrally located with an outer ring, featuring a C-shaped cross-section. Its opening is connected to the inner wall of the housing, covering the inlet pipe. The outer ring and the housing cooperate to form a water tank. Several nozzles are mounted on the outer ring, with their orifices oriented toward the centerline of the thermowell. One end of each nozzle is inserted into the thermowell, while the other end is connected to the water tank. These nozzles are connected to an external air supply system via air pipes. The air supply system infuses high-pressure gas into the nozzles via the air pipes. This gas, combined with high-pressure cooling water in the water tank (pressurized by an external pump and then pumped into the water tank), creates smaller droplets and accelerates the atomization of the cooling water ejected from the nozzles.

[0009] An inner ring is rotatably mounted between the outer ring and the thermal sleeve. The cross-section of the inner ring is "C"-shaped. The inner ring is provided with a tapered opening at a position corresponding to each nozzle. One end of the nozzle is expanded outward into a spherical shape. The spherical section of the nozzle is rotatably connected to the outer ring. A spherical tensioning sleeve is provided at the position of the nozzle corresponding to the tapered opening. The tensioning sleeve fits the size of the tapered opening. A retaining ring is provided on one side of the opening of the tensioning sleeve on the nozzle. A tensioning spring is provided between the retaining ring and the inside of the tensioning sleeve. The tensioning spring makes the tensioning sleeve fit in the tapered opening.

[0010] A driving mechanism is provided on one side of the inner ring, and a plurality of return springs are installed on the other side of the inner ring, and one end of the return spring is connected to the end surface of the step.

[0011] The nozzle is equipped with a valve located between the retaining ring and the spherical end of the nozzle. This valve controls the opening and closing of the nozzle, enabling a varying number of nozzles to be opened according to cooling requirements, achieving multi-level regulation during the steam cooling process. The valve can be a radio valve or a wired valve. In the case of a wired valve, corresponding perforations are provided in the housing and outer ring, connected by an expandable flexible bellows (not shown). The valve wire passes through the bellows and out of the housing.

[0012] The drive mechanism includes a separator ring mounted on the outside of the thermowell. The separator ring is located outside the Venturi structure and has an I-shaped cross-section. L-shaped blocks are rotatably mounted on both the outer and inner rings of the separator ring. The blocks on the outer and inner rings are connected to the housing and the thermowell, respectively, while the separator ring does not contact the housing or the thermowell. A toggle ring is located on one side of the separator ring near the inner ring, and a drive ring is located on the other side of the separator ring. A rope is wrapped around the drive ring, with both ends of the rope passing through the housing and connected to an external drive system. The toggle ring drives the inner ring to move. When the external drive system pulls the rope, friction causes the rope to rotate the drive ring. The drive ring, through the separator ring, drives the toggle ring to rotate synchronously. The toggle ring then rotates the inner ring. The rotation of the inner ring moves one end of the nozzle, causing the spherical end of the nozzle to rotate on the outer ring. During the nozzle's rotation, a tensioning spring forces the tensioning sleeve to fit within the tapered opening, sealing it.

[0013] After the nozzle is rotated by the inner ring, the nozzle orifice of the nozzle points to the center line of the thermowell in an inclined state or the nozzle orifice of the nozzle no longer points to the center line of the thermowell;

[0014] When the nozzle orifice is tilted toward the center line of the thermowell, the sprayed atomized cooling water can flow in the direction of the steam flow, and the cooling water is mixed with the steam during the flow process;

[0015] When the nozzles are no longer pointing toward the centerline of the thermowell, and several nozzles are spraying cooling water into the thermowell, due to the nozzle orientation and the kinetic energy of the cooling water, the steam will form a vortex in the thermowell as it passes through the atomized cooling water. The steam will rotate around the centerline of the thermowell while moving in a straight line along the centerline. By changing the nozzle orientation, the steam and the atomized cooling water mix during the rotation process, preventing localized overheating of the steam and uneven cooling, and improving the cooling effect.

[0016] The inner ring extends outward from the side closest to the toggle ring to form a side ring. Several rotating shafts are rotatably mounted on the side ring. The toggle ring has a wavy end surface on the side closest to the rotating shaft. The toggle ring has hook grooves located between adjacent crests and troughs of the wavy end surface. One end of the hook groove is located below the crest, and the width of the hook groove is less than the height of the crest. When the nozzle is not rotating and the nozzle is pointing directly at the centerline of the thermowell, the rotating shaft is located at the trough. The rotating shaft and the toggle ring are subjected to rolling friction. When the drive ring drives the toggle ring to rotate clockwise, the rotating shaft gradually moves from the trough to the crest. During this process, the toggle ring pushes the rotating shaft and the inner ring to compress the return spring, causing the inner ring to rotate the nozzle a certain angle, thereby adjusting the nozzle angle. When the nozzle needs to be reset, the drive ring resets the toggle ring, and the inner ring, supported by the return spring, resets the nozzle. When the driving ring drives the toggle ring to rotate counterclockwise, the rotating shaft gradually enters the hook groove. Under the pull of the hook groove, the rotating shaft drives the inner ring to rotate synchronously around the center line of the thermowell, so that the nozzle outlet no longer faces the center line of the thermowell. During this process, the reset spring bends and is stretched; when the nozzle needs to be reset, the driving ring drives the toggle ring to reset, and under the pull of the reset spring, the inner ring drives the nozzle to reset.

[0017] When the rope passes through the housing, it becomes tangential to the housing's inner surface. The housing is provided with a flow channel that is tangential to the housing's inner surface and parallel to the channel through which the rope passes. The rope is restrained in position by an external drive system. When the nozzle angle does not need to be adjusted, the rope cannot drive the drive ring to rotate. During this period, the channel through which the rope passes through the housing can be used to inject cooling water or low-temperature gas through a pipe into the cavity formed by the thermowell, separator ring, and housing. Specifically, cooling water is injected into the cavity from point a, and cooling water flows out from points b and c, thereby cooling the thermowell and enabling the thermowell to exchange heat with steam. When the nozzle angle needs to be adjusted, the pipe is removed from the channel through which the rope passes through the housing.

[0018] The thermowell is circumferentially provided with a plurality of swirl plates, which are evenly distributed in the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure. When steam mixes with cooling water, the swirl plates cause the steam to rotate as it passes through the swirl plates, accelerating the mixing of the steam and cooling water.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: when the drive ring drives the toggle ring to rotate counterclockwise, the rotating shaft gradually enters the hook groove. Under the pull of the hook groove, the rotating shaft drives the inner ring to rotate synchronously around the centerline of the thermowell, so that the nozzle nozzle is no longer oriented toward the centerline of the thermowell. The nozzle sprays cooling water into the thermowell. Due to the orientation of the nozzle and the kinetic energy of the cooling water, the steam forms a vortex in the thermowell when passing through the atomized cooling water. By changing the orientation of the nozzle, the steam and the atomized cooling water mix during the rotation process, avoiding local overheating of the steam and uneven cooling, and improving the cooling effect.

[0020] When steam mixes with cooling water, the swirl plate causes the steam to rotate when passing through the swirl plate, and the rotation accelerates the mixing of steam and cooling water.

[0021] When the steam pressure in the shell exceeds the set value, the diverter ring extracts steam from the shell through a pressure reducing pump and diverts the excess steam to other desuperheaters, achieving steam diversion and pressure regulation to prevent excessive steam pressure in the desuperheater. This also helps to cool the steam and ensure the cooling effect of the steam in the desuperheater. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the overall structure of the present invention (Example 1);

[0023] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Cross-section view in the AA direction;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the overall structure of the present invention (Example 2);

[0025] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Front view half section;

[0026] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Overall front view;

[0027] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Cross-section in the middle BB direction;

[0028] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 Cross-section in the mid-CC direction;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a position distribution diagram of the inner ring and the dial ring of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 is a position distribution diagram of the inner ring and the outer ring of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 The thermowell of the present invention is three-dimensional;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the connection between the driving mechanism and the inner ring of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12 The driving mechanism of the present invention is connected to the inner ring;

[0034] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the connection between the toggle ring and the rotating shaft of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. Shell; 2. Diverter ring; 3. Inlet pipe; 4. Thermal sleeve; 5. Swirl plate; 6. Outer ring; 7. Nozzle; 8. Inner ring; 9. Separator ring; 10. Toggle ring; 11. Drive ring; 12. Rope; 13. Rotating shaft; 14. Return spring; 15. Valve; 16. Tensioning sleeve; 17. Hook groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example: Figures 1 - 13 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution, a multi-stage residual pressure adaptive diversion type high-speed atomizing desuperheater, including a shell 1, a sensor for detecting the steam input pressure is provided at one end of the shell 1, a diversion ring 2 is provided on the outside of one end of the shell 1, the diversion ring 2 is connected to the internal space of the shell 1 through a branch pipe, the diversion ring 2 is connected to a pressure reducing pump through a main pipe in the middle, a thermal sleeve 4 is provided inside the shell 1, and an input pipe 3 is provided on the shell 1, which transports cooling water in an atomized state into the shell 1.

[0038] Both ends of the thermowell 4 are connected to the interior of the shell 1. One section of the thermowell 4 is a Venturi tube structure, and the other section is a Laval nozzle structure. The inner diameter of the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure is larger than the inner diameter of the contraction section of the Venturi tube structure. The contraction section of the Venturi tube structure is connected to the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure to form a step extending outward.

[0039] A plurality of swirl plates 5 are circumferentially arranged in the thermal sleeve 4 , and the swirl plates 5 are evenly distributed in the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure.

[0040] The process of mixing atomized cooling water and steam is completed in the thermowell 4. The steam is accelerated and decompressed through the Venturi tube structure, and then decelerated through the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure, increasing the time the steam spends mixing with the cooling water in the thermowell 4. When the steam flows through the middle of the thermowell 4, the pipe diameter increases, forming a step, and the steam forms a backflow at the angle of the step. When water droplets form in the thermowell 4, under the influence of the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure, the water droplets converge in the middle of the thermowell 4. As the steam continues to flow in the thermowell 4, a backflow continuously forms in the middle of the thermowell 4, which evaporates the water droplets in the middle, thereby eliminating the residual water droplets in the thermowell 4. At the same time, the backflow is used to allow the water droplets to participate in the cooling process again.

[0041] Example 1:

[0042] A storage compartment for storing cooling water is formed between the thermo sleeve 4 and the shell 1. A plurality of atomization ports are provided on the circumference of the thermo sleeve 4. The atomization ports are provided in the contraction section of the venturi tube structure. The inlet pipe 3 injects cooling water into the storage compartment, and the cooling water in the storage compartment is sprayed out from the atomization ports.

[0043] Embodiment 2:

[0044] An outer ring 6 is provided in the middle of the thermowell 4. The cross-section of the outer ring 6 is "C"-shaped. The opening of the outer ring 6 is connected to the inner wall of the shell 1. The opening of the outer ring 6 covers the input pipe 3. The outer ring 6 and the shell 1 cooperate with each other to form a water tank. A plurality of nozzles 7 are provided on the outer ring 6. The nozzles of the nozzles 7 are facing the center line of the thermowell 4. One end of the nozzle 7 is inserted into the thermowell 4, and one end of the nozzle 7 is connected to the water tank. The nozzle 7 is connected to the external air supply system through an air pipe.

[0045] An inner ring 8 is rotatably mounted between the outer ring 6 and the thermal sleeve 4. The cross-section of the inner ring 8 is "C"-shaped. The inner ring 8 is provided with a tapered opening at the position corresponding to each nozzle 7. One end of the nozzle 7 expands outward into a spherical shape. The spherical section of the nozzle 7 is rotatably connected to the outer ring 6. A spherical tensioning sleeve 16 is provided at the position corresponding to the tapered opening of the nozzle 7. The tensioning sleeve 16 fits the size of the tapered opening. A retaining ring is provided on the nozzle 7 on one side of the opening of the tensioning sleeve 16. A tensioning spring is provided between the retaining ring and the inside of the tensioning sleeve 16. During the rotation of the nozzle 7, the tensioning spring causes the tensioning sleeve 16 to fit into the tapered opening.

[0046] A driving mechanism is provided on one side of the inner ring 8, and a plurality of return springs 14 are installed on the other side of the inner ring 8. One end of the return spring 14 is connected to the end surface of the step.

[0047] The driving mechanism includes a separating ring 9 installed on the outside of the thermowell 4. The separating ring 9 is located on the outside of the venturi tube structure. The cross-section of the separating ring 9 is "I"-shaped. The outer and inner rings of the separating ring 9 are rotatably installed with "L"-shaped blocks. The blocks of the outer and inner rings are respectively connected to the shell 1 and the thermowell 4. The separating ring 9 does not contact the shell 1 and the thermowell 4. A toggle ring 10 is provided on the side of the separating ring 9 close to the inner ring 8, and a driving ring 11 is provided on the other side of the separating ring 9. A rope 12 is wrapped around the driving ring 11. Both ends of the rope 12 pass through the shell 1 and are connected to the external driving system. The toggle ring 10 drives the inner ring 8 to move.

[0048] The inner ring 8 extends outward from one side close to the toggle ring 10 to form a side ring, on which a plurality of rotating shafts 13 are rotatably mounted. The end face of the toggle ring 10 close to the rotating shaft 13 is a wavy end face, and a hook groove 17 is provided on the toggle ring 10 between adjacent crests and troughs of the wavy end face. One end of the hook groove 17 is located below the crest, and the width of the hook groove 17 is less than the height of the crest. When the nozzle 7 does not rotate and the nozzle directly points to the center line of the thermal sleeve 4, the rotating shaft 13 is located at the trough.

[0049] When rope 12 passes through housing 1, it becomes tangential to the inner surface of housing 1. Housing 1 is provided with a flow channel that is tangential to the inner surface of housing 1 and parallel to the channel through which rope 12 passes. Rope 12 is limited in position by an external drive system. When the angle of nozzle 7 does not need to be adjusted, rope 12 cannot drive drive ring 11 to rotate. During this period, the channel through which rope 12 passes through housing 1 can be used to inject cooling water or low-temperature gas through a pipe into the cavity formed by thermowell 4, separator ring 9, and housing 1. Specifically, cooling water is injected into the cavity from point a, and the cooling water flows out from points b and c, thereby cooling thermowell 4 and enabling it to exchange heat with steam. When the angle of nozzle 7 needs to be adjusted, the pipe is removed from the channel through which rope 12 passes through housing 1.

[0050] A valve 15 is provided on the nozzle 7. The air pipe connecting the nozzle 7 is located between the valve 15 and the spherical end of the nozzle 7. The valve 15 is located between the retaining ring and the spherical end of the nozzle 7. The valve 15 controls the opening and closing of the nozzle 7. Depending on the cooling requirements, different numbers of nozzles 7 are opened to achieve multi-level control during the steam cooling process.

[0051] The valve 15 is selected as a radio valve or a wired valve. When a wired valve is selected, corresponding perforations are set on the shell 1 and the outer ring 6, and the perforations are connected by an extensible flexible bellows. The wire of the valve 15 passes through the shell 1 from the bellows, and the air pipe passes through the shell 1 from the bellows.

[0052] The present invention operates as follows: an external pipe introduces steam into housing 1, and an external pump pumps cooling water into housing 1 through inlet pipe 3. The cooling water is atomized and mixes with the steam, cooling the steam. As the steam and cooling water mix, they rotate as they pass through swirl plate 5, accelerating the mixing of the two.

[0053] In the first embodiment, cooling water is injected into the storage compartment. When the steam passes through the thermo-jacket 4, it can exchange heat with the thermo-jacket 4 to cool the steam once. Under the pressure of the external pump that pumps the cooling water, the cooling water in the storage compartment is sprayed out in atomized form at high pressure and mixed with the steam to cool the steam again.

[0054] In the second embodiment, the air supply system injects high-pressure gas into the nozzle 7 through the air pipe. The high-pressure gas cooperates with the high-pressure cooling water in the water tank, so that when the cooling water is sprayed out from the nozzle 7, the atomized water droplets can be smaller and the atomization speed can be accelerated.

[0055] When the external drive system pulls the rope 12, the rope 12 drives the drive ring 11 to rotate, and the drive ring 11 drives the toggle ring 10 to rotate synchronously through the separator ring 9, and the toggle ring 10 drives the inner ring 8 to move through the rotating shaft 13;

[0056] When the drive ring 11 drives the toggle ring 10 to rotate clockwise, the shaft 13 gradually moves from the trough to the peak. During this process, under the push of the toggle ring 10, the shaft 13 brings the inner ring 8 to squeeze the return spring 14, and the inner ring 8 moves along the center line of the thermowell 4, driving one end of the nozzle 7 to move, causing the spherical end of the nozzle 7 to rotate on the outer ring 6, thereby adjusting the angle of the nozzle 7. The nozzle of the nozzle 7 points to the center line of the thermowell 4 in an inclined state, and the sprayed atomized cooling water can flow in the direction of the steam flow, and the cooling water mixes with the steam during the flow. When it is necessary to reset the nozzle 7, the drive ring 11 drives the toggle ring 10 to reset, and with the support of the return spring 14, the inner ring 8 drives the nozzle 7 to reset;

[0057] As the drive ring 11 rotates the toggle ring 10 counterclockwise, the shaft 13 gradually enters the hook groove 17. Pulled by the hook groove 17, the shaft 13 simultaneously rotates the inner ring 8 around the centerline of the thermowell 4, causing the nozzle 7's nozzle to no longer face the centerline. During this process, the return spring 14 bends and stretches. When the nozzles 7 no longer face the centerline of the thermowell 4, when several nozzles 7 spray cooling water into the thermowell 4, the orientation of the nozzles 7 and the kinetic energy of the cooling water cause steam to form a vortex in the thermowell 4 as it passes through the atomized cooling water. The steam rotates around the centerline of the thermowell 4 while moving linearly along it. By changing the orientation of the nozzles 7, the steam and the atomized cooling water mix during the rotation. To reset the nozzles 7, the drive ring 11 resets the toggle ring 10. Pulled by the return spring 14, the inner ring 8 resets the nozzles 7.

[0058] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomization desuperheater, comprising a housing (1), and a sensor for detecting the steam input pressure is arranged at one end of the housing (1), and is characterized in that: A diverter ring (2) is provided on the outside of one end of the shell (1), the diverter ring (2) is connected to the internal space of the shell (1) through a branch pipe, the diverter ring (2) is connected to a pressure reducing pump through a main pipe in the middle, a thermal sleeve (4) is provided inside the shell (1), and an input pipe (3) is provided on the shell (1), and the input pipe (3) transports cooling water in an atomized state into the shell (1).

2. The multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomization desuperheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the thermowell (4) are connected to the interior of the shell (1); one section of the thermowell (4) is a Venturi tube structure, and the other section is a Laval nozzle structure; the inner diameter of the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure is larger than the inner diameter of the contraction section of the Venturi tube structure; the contraction section of the Venturi tube structure is connected to the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure to form a step extending outward.

3. The multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomizing desuperheater according to claim 2, wherein: A storage compartment for storing cooling water is formed between the thermal sleeve (4) and the shell (1). A plurality of atomizing ports are provided on the upper circumference of the thermal sleeve (4). The atomizing ports are provided in the contraction section of the venturi tube structure. The input pipe (3) injects cooling water into the storage compartment, and the cooling water in the storage compartment is sprayed out from the atomizing ports.

4. The multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomizing desuperheater according to claim 2, characterized in that: An outer ring (6) is provided in the middle of the thermowell (4), and the cross section of the outer ring (6) is "C"-shaped. The opening of the outer ring (6) is connected to the inner wall of the shell (1), and the opening of the outer ring (6) covers the input pipe (3). The outer ring (6) and the shell (1) cooperate with each other to form a water tank. A plurality of nozzles (7) are provided on the outer ring (6), and the nozzles of the nozzles (7) are oriented toward the center line of the thermowell (4). One end of the nozzle (7) is inserted into the thermowell (4), and one end of the nozzle (7) is connected to the water tank. The nozzle (7) is connected to an external air supply system through an air pipe.

5. The multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomization desuperheater according to claim 4, characterized in that: An inner ring (8) is rotatably mounted between the outer ring (6) and the thermal sleeve (4), the cross section of the inner ring (8) being "C"-shaped, the inner ring (8) being provided with a tapered opening at a position corresponding to each nozzle (7), one end of the nozzle (7) being expanded outward into a spherical shape, the spherical section of the nozzle (7) being rotatably connected to the outer ring (6), a spherical tensioning sleeve (16) being provided at a position corresponding to the tapered opening of the nozzle (7), the tensioning sleeve (16) being fitted to the size of the tapered opening, a retaining ring being provided on one side of the opening of the tensioning sleeve (16) on the nozzle (7), a tensioning spring being provided between the retaining ring and the inside of the tensioning sleeve (16), the tensioning spring making the tensioning sleeve (16) fit in the tapered opening; A driving mechanism is provided on one side of the inner ring (8), and a plurality of return springs (14) are installed on the other side of the inner ring (8), one end of the return spring (14) is connected to the end face of the step.

6. The multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomizing desuperheater according to claim 4, wherein: The nozzle (7) is provided with a valve (15), which is located between the retaining ring and the spherical end of the nozzle (7).

7. The multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomizing desuperheater according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a separating ring (9) installed on the outside of the thermal sleeve (4), the separating ring (9) is located on the outside of the Venturi tube structure, the separating ring (9) has an "I"-shaped cross section, the outer ring and the inner ring of the separating ring (9) are both rotatably mounted with "L"-shaped blocks, the blocks of the outer ring and the inner ring are respectively connected to the shell (1) and the thermal sleeve (4), the separating ring (9) does not contact the shell (1) and the thermal sleeve (4), a toggle ring (10) is provided on one side of the separating ring (9) close to the inner ring (8), and a driving ring (11) is provided on the other side of the separating ring (9), a rope (12) is wound around the driving ring (11), both ends of the rope (12) pass through the shell (1) and are connected to an external driving system, and the toggle ring (10) drives the inner ring (8) to move.

8. The multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomizing desuperheater according to claim 7, wherein: The inner ring (8) extends outwards from one side close to the toggle ring (10) to form a side ring, and a plurality of rotating shafts (13) are rotatably mounted on the side ring. The end face of the toggle ring (10) close to the rotating shaft (13) is a wavy end face, and a hook groove (17) is provided on the toggle ring (10) between adjacent wave crests and wave troughs of the wavy end face. One end of the hook groove (17) is located below the wave crest, and the width of the hook groove (17) is smaller than the height of the wave crest. When the nozzle (7) does not rotate and the nozzle directly points to the center line of the thermal sleeve (4), the rotating shaft (13) is located at the wave trough.

9. The multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomization desuperheater according to claim 7, wherein: When the rope (12) passes through the shell (1), it is tangent to the inner surface of the shell (1); a flow channel is provided on the shell (1), the flow channel is tangent to the inner surface of the shell (1) and is parallel to the channel through which the rope (12) passes through the shell (1).

10. A multi-stage residual pressure self-adaptive shunt type high-speed atomization desuperheater according to any one of claims 2-9, characterized in that: A plurality of swirl plates (5) are circumferentially arranged in the thermal sleeve (4), and the swirl plates (5) are evenly distributed in the contraction section of the Laval nozzle structure.

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