Karst area dangerous rock disaster large-scale physical model simulation experiment device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale physical model simulation experiment device and method for dangerous rock disasters in a karst area, and belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics. The device comprises a rigid foundation, a horizontal dynamic load applying assembly, a vertical static load applying assembly and a similar physical model bearing table assembly; the horizontal dynamic load applying assembly and the similar physical model bearing table assembly are arranged on the top of the rigid foundation side by side. The vertical static load applying assembly comprises a horizontal longitudinal position adjusting mechanism, a vertical height position adjusting mechanism, a horizontal transverse position adjusting mechanism and a static load pressing head. According to the karst area dangerous rock disaster large-scale physical model simulation experiment device and method, loading at any space position can be achieved, the experiment loading requirements under the dangerous rock mass variability condition can be met, the experiment loading requirements of physical models which change in a large range and are different in size can be met, and the experiment efficiency is improved. Coupling loading of a horizontal dynamic load and a vertical static load can be realized, and experiment research in a complex stress environment can be carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics, and particularly relates to a large-scale physical model simulation experiment device and method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas. Background Art

[0002] Engineering excavation disturbance is extremely likely to induce the collapse failure of dangerous rock masses in a state of near failure or subcritical state. However, it is difficult to accurately measure the failure response of dangerous rock masses to excavation disturbance. Due to the randomness and suddenness of the occurrence of dangerous rock mass failures, it is difficult to conduct theoretical research on the process and mechanism of dangerous rock mass collapses induced by engineering excavation disturbance. At present, relevant research is usually carried out in the form of physical model experiments.

[0003] Currently, there are still some deficiencies in the existing physical model experiment devices for studying the process and mechanism of dangerous rock mass collapses induced by engineering excavation disturbance: ①. It can only be applied to loading at specific positions. However, in actual engineering, the dangerous rock masses have variable positions, and the number of dangerous rock masses may also be multiple. Therefore, the loading capacity at specific positions cannot meet the experimental loading requirements under the variable conditions of dangerous rock masses. ②. It is only applicable to physical models with specific sizes that vary within a small range, and it is difficult to adapt to physical models with different sizes that vary within a large range, unable to meet the experimental loading requirements of physical models with different sizes. ③. It can only meet the unidirectional loading at specific positions, unable to achieve the coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads, and it is difficult to conduct experimental research under complex stress environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a large-scale physical model simulation experiment device and method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, which can achieve loading at any position in space, can meet the experimental loading requirements under the variable conditions of dangerous rock masses, can adapt to the experimental loading requirements of physical models with different sizes that vary within a large range, can achieve the coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads, and can conduct experimental research under complex stress environments.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, comprising a rigid foundation, a horizontal dynamic load application component, a vertical static load application component, and a similar physical model bearing platform component; the horizontal dynamic load application component and the similar physical model bearing platform component are arranged side by side on the top of the rigid foundation; the vertical static load application component includes a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism, a vertical height position adjustment mechanism, a horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism, and a static load pressing head; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the top of the rigid foundation, and the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform component; the vertical height position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the vertical height position adjustment mechanism; the static load pressing head is arranged on the horizontal transverse position adjustment mechanism.

[0006] The horizontal dynamic load application component includes a dynamic load support bottom plate, a dynamic load reaction support, a double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder, an accumulator, and a servo valve group; the dynamic load support bottom plate is horizontally and fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the dynamic load reaction support is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the dynamic load support bottom plate; the double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder is horizontally arranged above the dynamic load support bottom plate, and the rear end of the double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the dynamic load reaction support; the accumulator is located between the double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder and the dynamic load reaction support; the servo valve group is arranged on the cylinder body of the double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder.

[0007] The similar physical model bearing platform component includes a bearing platform support base, a model support plate, a dynamic load force transmission frame, a model protection enclosure, dynamic load guide rails, and dynamic load sliders; the bearing platform support base is horizontally and fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the number of the dynamic load guide rails is several, and several dynamic load guide rails are arranged in parallel at equal intervals on the upper surface of the bearing platform support base, and the dynamic load guide rails are parallel to the double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder; the dynamic load sliders are arranged on the dynamic load guide rails, and several dynamic load sliders are arranged on each dynamic load guide rail, and the several dynamic load sliders on each dynamic load guide rail are arranged in a straight line at equal intervals; the model support plate is horizontally arranged above the bearing platform support base, and the lower surface of the model support plate is fixedly connected to the dynamic load sliders; the model protection enclosure is fixedly installed on the edge of the upper surface of the model support plate; the dynamic load force transmission frame is located between the model support plate and the double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder, the dynamic load force transmission frame is fixedly connected to the model support plate, and the dynamic load force transmission frame is directly opposite to the piston rod of the double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder.

[0008] The horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment mechanism support base, an adjustment mechanism support plate, a horizontal longitudinal guide rail, a horizontal longitudinal slider, a horizontal longitudinal slide, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear and a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack; the adjustment mechanism support base is horizontally fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the adjustment mechanism support plate is horizontally fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the adjustment mechanism support base; the horizontal longitudinal guide rail is fixedly mounted on the adjustment mechanism support plate, and the horizontal longitudinal guide rail is parallel to the dynamic load guide rail; the horizontal longitudinal slider is mounted on the horizontal longitudinal guide rail; the horizontal longitudinal slide is mounted on the horizontal longitudinal slider; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket is fixedly connected to the horizontal longitudinal slide; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor is vertically fixed on the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, and the power output shaft of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor faces downward; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear is fixedly mounted on the power output shaft of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is fixedly mounted on the adjustment mechanism support plate, the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is parallel to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail, and the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is meshed with the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear.

[0009] The cross-sectional shape of the horizontal longitudinal slide is I-shaped; the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing platform support base is U-shaped; a give-way guide slot is provided on the adjustment mechanism support plate; the vertical plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is installed in the give-way guide slot, the upper cross plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is located above the adjustment mechanism support plate, and the lower cross plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is located below the adjustment mechanism support plate and placed in the U-shaped groove of the load-bearing platform support base; there are four horizontal longitudinal guide rails, and two horizontal longitudinal guide rails are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the adjustment mechanism support plates on both sides of the give-way guide slot, and each horizontal longitudinal guide rail is provided with two horizontal longitudinal sliding blocks.

[0010] The vertical height position adjusting mechanism includes columns, a vertical height position adjusting lead screw, a vertical height position adjusting nut, a cross beam, a vertical height position adjusting motor, a driving pulley, a first driven pulley, a second driven pulley, a first tensioning pulley, a second tensioning pulley, a synchronous belt and a vertical height position adjusting extension bracket; there are two columns, and the two columns are respectively vertically and fixedly installed on the horizontal longitudinal sliding tables on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform assembly. A vertical height position adjusting nut is vertically installed at the top of each column, and a vertical height position adjusting lead screw is vertically installed in each vertical height position adjusting nut; the cross beam is horizontally arranged and located directly above the two columns, and the two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two vertical height position adjusting lead screws, and the vertical height position adjusting lead screw and the cross beam are rotatably connected through a bearing; the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley are respectively fixedly installed at the tops of the two vertical height position adjusting lead screws; the vertical height position adjusting extension bracket is fixedly installed in the middle of the cross beam; the vertical height position adjusting motor is vertically and fixedly installed on the vertical height position adjusting extension bracket, and the power output shaft of the vertical height position adjusting motor faces downward; the driving pulley is fixedly installed on the power output shaft of the vertical height position adjusting motor; the first tensioning pulley and the second tensioning pulley are symmetrically distributed on the cross beam on both sides of the vertical height position adjusting motor; the driving pulley, the first tensioning pulley, the first driven pulley, the second driven pulley and the second tensioning pulley are connected by a synchronous belt for transmission.

[0011] The horizontal and lateral position adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor, a horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw, a horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide, a horizontal and lateral guide rail, a horizontal and lateral slider, and a horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod; the horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor is fixedly installed at the end of the cross beam, the power output shaft of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw, the other end of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw is rotatably connected to the cross beam through a bearing, and the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw is vertically distributed with the horizontal and longitudinal guide rail; the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod is fixedly installed on the cross beam on the opposite side of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw, and the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod is parallel to the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw; the cross-sectional shape of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide is U-shaped, a threaded hole is provided inside the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide, and the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw is inserted into the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide; a light hole is provided inside the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide, and the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod is inserted into the light hole at the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide; the horizontal and lateral guide rail is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cross beam, and the horizontal and lateral guide rail is parallel to the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw and the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod; the horizontal and lateral slider is arranged on the horizontal and lateral guide rail, and the horizontal and lateral slider is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide; the static load indenter is vertically installed in the middle of the lower surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide.

[0012] Between the top of the column and the model support plate and between the bottom of the cross beam and the dynamic load support bottom plate, stabilizing steel cables are symmetrically and obliquely arranged in a tensile manner, and a turnbuckle is installed in the middle of each stabilizing steel cable.

[0013] A large-scale physical model simulation experiment method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas adopts the large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, and includes the following steps: Step 1: In-situ fabricate a large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in karst areas on the model support plate. During the fabrication of the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, set the size, position, and quantity of dangerous rock masses on the physical model according to experimental needs, and at the same time complete the installation of displacement sensors, strain gauges, and acoustic emission probes. Step 2: When the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in karst areas is completed, install the model protection enclosures around the physical model. Step 3: Select different types and functions of static load indenters as spares according to experimental needs. Step 4: Select one from several spare static load indenters, and install the selected static load indenter in the middle of the lower surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide. Step 5: Select a dangerous rock mass on the physical model as the static load test point. Step 6: Start the horizontal and vertical position adjustment motor, drive the horizontal and vertical position adjustment gear to mesh with the horizontal and vertical position adjustment rack for transmission, drive the horizontal and vertical slide table to adjust its position along the horizontal and vertical guide rails, so that the column, cross beam, horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide table and static load pressure head move synchronously with the horizontal and vertical slide table until the cross beam moves directly above the static load test point; Step 7: Start the horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor, drive the horizontal and lateral position adjustment screw rod to engage in threaded transmission with the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide table, drive the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide table to adjust its position along the horizontal and lateral guide rails and horizontal and lateral guiding optical rods until the static load pressure head moves directly above the static load test point; Step 8: Start the vertical height position adjustment motor, drive the driving pulley to engage with the synchronous belt for transmission, drive the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley to rotate synchronously, and then drive the two vertical height position adjustment screw rods to rotate synchronously, so that the vertical height position adjustment screw rod engages in threaded transmission with the vertical height position adjustment nut. The rotational movement of the vertical height position adjustment screw rod will be synchronously converted into a vertical lifting movement, so that the cross beam, horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide table and static load pressure head are synchronously lowered in height until the static load pressure head contacts the physical model; Step 9: First, complete the symmetrically inclined pulling layout of the stabilizing steel cables between the bottom of the cross beam and the dynamic load support bottom plate, and then complete the symmetrically inclined pulling layout of the stabilizing steel cables between the top of the column and the model support plate. During the layout of the stabilizing steel cables, adjust the turnbuckle to tighten the steel cables; Step 10: Start the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder, extend the piston rod of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder until the piston rod of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder contacts the dynamic load transfer frame, and then fixedly connect the piston rod of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder and the dynamic load transfer frame together; Step 11: Start the static load pressure head, apply a static load to the static load test point of the physical model through the static load pressure head, and record the data of the displacement sensor, strain gauge and acoustic emission probe at the same time; Step 12: Start the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder, apply a disturbance to the physical model through the dynamic load transfer frame and the model support plate to realize the coupled loading of the horizontal dynamic load and the vertical static load, and record the data of the displacement sensor, strain gauge and acoustic emission probe at the same time; Step 13: Summarize and analyze the experimental data.

[0014] Advantages of the present invention: The large-scale physical model simulation experimental device and method for perilous rock disasters in karst areas of the present invention can achieve loading at any position in space, can meet the experimental loading requirements under the variable conditions of perilous rock bodies, can adapt to the experimental loading requirements of different-sized physical models with large-range changes, can achieve the coupled loading of horizontal dynamic loads and vertical static loads, and can carry out experimental research under complex stress environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for perilous rock disasters in karst areas of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal dynamic load application component of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic combined body structure diagram of the vertical static load application component (when the crossbeam height is the lowest) and the similar physical model bearing platform component (the model support plate and the model protection enclosure are not shown) of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic combined body structure diagram of the vertical static load application component (when the crossbeam height is lifted) and the similar physical model bearing platform component (the model support plate and the model protection enclosure are not shown) of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic combined body structure diagram of the similar physical model bearing platform component (the model support plate and the model protection enclosure are not shown) and the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a front view of the vertical height position adjustment mechanism (the column and the vertical height position adjustment lead screw are not shown) of the present invention; Figure 9 It is a top view of the vertical height position adjustment mechanism (the column is not shown) of the present invention; In the figure, 1 is a rigid foundation, 2 is a static load indenter, 3 is a dynamic load support bottom plate, 4 is a dynamic load reaction support, 5 is a double-connected dynamic load oil cylinder, 6 is an accumulator, 7 is a servo valve group, 8 is a bearing platform support base, 9 is a model support plate, 10 is a dynamic load force transmission frame, 11 is a model protection enclosure, 12 is a dynamic load guide rail, 13 is a dynamic load slider, 14 is an adjustment mechanism support base, 15 is an adjustment mechanism support plate, 16 is a horizontal longitudinal guide rail, 17 is a horizontal longitudinal slider, 18 is a horizontal longitudinal sliding table, 19 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor, 20 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, 21 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear, 22 is a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack, 23 is a relief guiding chute, 24 is a vertical plate, 25 is an upper cross plate, 26 is a lower cross plate, 27 is a column, 28 is a vertical height position adjustment lead screw, 29 is a vertical height position adjustment lead nut, 30 is a cross beam, 31 is a vertical height position adjustment motor, 32 is a driving pulley, 33 is a first driven pulley, 34 is a second driven pulley, 35 is a first tension pulley, 36 is a second tension pulley, 37 is a synchronous belt, 38 is a vertical height position adjustment extension bracket, 39 is a horizontal lateral position adjustment motor, 40 is a horizontal lateral position adjustment lead screw, 41 is a horizontal lateral position adjustment lead nut sliding table, 42 is a horizontal lateral guide rail, 43 is a horizontal lateral slider, 44 is a horizontal lateral guiding optical rod, 45 is a stabilizing steel cable, 46 is a turnbuckle. Detailed implementation manners

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0017] As Figures 1 to 9 shown, a large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas includes a rigid foundation 1, a horizontal dynamic load application component, a vertical static load application component, and a similar physical model bearing platform component; the horizontal dynamic load application component and the similar physical model bearing platform component are arranged side by side on the top of the rigid foundation 1; the vertical static load application component includes a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism, a vertical height position adjustment mechanism, a horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism, and a static load indenter 2; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the top of the rigid foundation 1, and the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanisms are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform component; the vertical height position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the vertical height position adjustment mechanism; the static load indenter 2 is arranged on the horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism.

[0018] The horizontal dynamic load application assembly includes a dynamic load support bottom plate 3, a dynamic load reaction support 4, a double-link dynamic load oil cylinder 5, an accumulator 6 and a servo valve group 7; the dynamic load support bottom plate 3 is horizontally and fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation 1; the dynamic load reaction support 4 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the dynamic load support bottom plate 3; the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder 5 is horizontally arranged above the dynamic load support bottom plate 3, and the rear end of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to the dynamic load reaction support 4; the accumulator 6 is located between the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder 5 and the dynamic load reaction support 4; the servo valve group 7 is arranged on the cylinder block of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder 5.

[0019] The similar physical model bearing platform assembly includes a bearing platform support base 8, a model support plate 9, a dynamic load force transmission frame 10, a model protection enclosure 11, dynamic load guide rails 12 and dynamic load sliders 13; the bearing platform support base 8 is horizontally and fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation 1; the number of the dynamic load guide rails 12 is several, and several dynamic load guide rails 12 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals on the upper surface of the bearing platform support base 8, and the dynamic load guide rails 12 are distributed in parallel with the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder 5; the dynamic load sliders 13 are arranged on the dynamic load guide rails 12, several dynamic load sliders 13 are arranged on each dynamic load guide rail 12, and several dynamic load sliders 13 on each dynamic load guide rail 12 are distributed in a straight line at equal intervals; the model support plate 9 is horizontally arranged above the bearing platform support base 8, and the lower surface of the model support plate 9 is fixedly connected to the dynamic load sliders 13; the model protection enclosure 11 is fixedly installed on the edge of the upper surface of the model support plate 9; the dynamic load force transmission frame 10 is located between the model support plate 9 and the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder 5, the dynamic load force transmission frame 10 is fixedly connected to the model support plate 9, and the dynamic load force transmission frame 10 is directly opposite to the piston rod of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder 5.

[0020] The horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment mechanism support base 14, an adjustment mechanism support plate 15, a horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16, a horizontal longitudinal slider 17, a horizontal longitudinal slide 18, a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19, a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket 20, a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear 21 and a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22; the adjustment mechanism support base 14 is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation 1; the adjustment mechanism support plate 15 is horizontally fixedly installed on the upper surface of the adjustment mechanism support base 14; the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16 is fixedly arranged on the adjustment mechanism support plate 15, and the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16 is parallel to the dynamic guide rail 12; the horizontal longitudinal slider 17 is arranged in the horizontal longitudinal On the guide rail 16; the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is installed on the horizontal longitudinal slider 17; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket 20 is fixedly connected to the horizontal longitudinal slide 18; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19 is vertically fixed on the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket 20, and the power output shaft of the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19 faces downward; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear 21 is fixedly installed on the power output shaft of the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment motor 19; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22 is fixedly installed on the adjustment mechanism support plate 15, the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22 is distributed parallel to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16, and the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment rack 22 is engaged with the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment gear 21.

[0021] The cross-sectional shape of the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is I-shaped; the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing platform support base 8 is U-shaped; a give-way guide slot 23 is provided on the adjustment mechanism support plate 15; the vertical plate 24 of the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is inserted into the give-way guide slot 23, the upper transverse plate 25 of the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is located above the adjustment mechanism support plate 15, and the lower transverse plate 26 of the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 is located below the adjustment mechanism support plate 15 and is placed in the U-shaped groove of the load-bearing platform support base 8; there are four horizontal longitudinal guide rails 16, and two horizontal longitudinal guide rails 16 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the adjustment mechanism support plate 15 on both sides of the give-way guide slot 23, and each horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16 is provided with two horizontal longitudinal sliders 17.

[0022] The vertical height position adjustment mechanism includes a column 27, a vertical height position adjustment screw 28, a vertical height position adjustment nut 29, a crossbeam 30, a vertical height position adjustment motor 31, a driving pulley 32, a first driven pulley 33, a second driven pulley 34, a first tensioning pulley 35, a second tensioning pulley 36, a synchronous belt 37 and a vertical height position adjustment extension bracket 38; the number of the columns 27 is two, and the two columns 27 are respectively vertically fixed on the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform assembly, and a vertical height position adjustment nut 29 is vertically installed on the top of each column 27, and a vertical height position adjustment screw 28 is vertically installed in each vertical height position adjustment nut 29; the crossbeam 30 is horizontally arranged and located directly above the two columns 27, and the two ends of the crossbeam 30 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two vertical height position adjustment screws 28. The first tensioning pulley 35 and the second tensioning pulley 36 are symmetrically distributed on the cross beam 30 on both sides of the vertical height position adjusting motor 31; the driving pulley 32, the first tensioning pulley 35, the first driven pulley 33, the second driven pulley 34 and the second tensioning pulley 36 are connected by a synchronous belt 37.

[0023] The horizontal and lateral position adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor 39, a horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw 40, a horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide 41, a horizontal and lateral guide rail 42, a horizontal and lateral slider 43, and a horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod 44; the horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor 39 is fixedly installed at the end of the cross beam 30, the power output shaft of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor 39 is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw 40, the other end of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw 40 is rotationally connected to the cross beam 30 through a bearing, and the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw 40 is vertically distributed with the horizontal and longitudinal guide rail 16; the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod 44 is fixedly installed on the cross beam 30 on the opposite side of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw 40, and the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod 44 is parallelly distributed with the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw 40; the cross-sectional shape of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide 41 is U-shaped, a threaded hole is internally provided at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide 41, and the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw 40 is inserted into the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide 41; a light hole is internally provided at the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide 41, and the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod 44 is inserted into the light hole at the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide 41; the horizontal and lateral guide rail 42 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cross beam 30, and the horizontal and lateral guide rail 42 is parallelly distributed with the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw 40 and the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod 44; the horizontal and lateral slider 43 is arranged on the horizontal and lateral guide rail 42, and the horizontal and lateral slider 43 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide 41; the static load indenter 2 is vertically installed at the middle of the lower surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide 41.

[0024] Between the top of the upright column 27 and the model support plate 9 and between the bottom of the cross beam 30 and the dynamic load support bottom plate 3, stabilizing steel cables 45 are symmetrically and obliquely tensioned and arranged, and a turnbuckle 46 is installed in the middle of each stabilizing steel cable 45.

[0025] A large-scale physical model simulation experiment method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas adopts the large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, and includes the following steps: Step 1: In-situ fabricate a large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in karst areas on the model support plate 9. During the fabrication process of the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, set the size, position, and quantity of dangerous rock masses on the physical model according to experimental needs, and at the same time complete the installation of displacement sensors, strain gauges, and acoustic emission probes. Step 2: After the large-scale physical model of dangerous rock disasters in karst areas is fabricated, install the model protection enclosure 11 around the physical model. Step 3: Select static load indenters 2 of different types and functions as spares according to experimental needs. Step 4: Select one from several spare static load heads 2, and install the selected static load head 2 at the middle of the lower surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal lateral position adjusting nut slide 41; Step 5: Select a dangerous rock mass on the physical model as the static load test point; Step 6: Start the horizontal longitudinal position adjusting motor 19, drive the horizontal longitudinal position adjusting gear 21 to mesh with the horizontal longitudinal position adjusting rack 22 for transmission, drive the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 to adjust its position along the horizontal longitudinal guide rail 16, so that the column 27, the cross beam 30, the horizontal lateral position adjusting nut slide 41 and the static load head 2 move synchronously with the horizontal longitudinal slide 18 until the cross beam 30 moves directly above the static load test point; Step 7: Start the horizontal lateral position adjusting motor 39, drive the horizontal lateral position adjusting lead screw 40 to engage in threaded transmission with the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal lateral position adjusting nut slide 41, drive the horizontal lateral position adjusting nut slide 41 to adjust its position along the horizontal lateral guide rail 42 and the horizontal lateral guiding optical rod 44 until the static load head 2 moves directly above the static load test point; Step 8: Start the vertical height position adjusting motor 31, drive the driving pulley 32 to engage in transmission with the synchronous belt 37, drive the first driven pulley 33 and the second driven pulley 34 to rotate synchronously, and then drive the two vertical height position adjusting lead screws 28 to rotate synchronously, so that the vertical height position adjusting lead screws 28 engage in threaded transmission with the vertical height position adjusting nuts 29. The rotational movement of the vertical height position adjusting lead screws 28 will be synchronously converted into a vertical lifting movement, so that the cross beam 30, the horizontal lateral position adjusting nut slide 41 and the static load head 2 are synchronously lowered in height until the static load head 2 contacts the physical model; Step 9: First, symmetrically and obliquely arrange the stabilizing steel cables 45 between the bottom of the cross beam 30 and the dynamic load supporting bottom plate 3, and then symmetrically and obliquely arrange the stabilizing steel cables 45 between the top of the column 27 and the model supporting plate 9. During the arrangement of the stabilizing steel cables 45, adjust the turnbuckle 46 to tighten the steel cables; Step 10: Start the double - acting dynamic load cylinder 5, extend the piston rod of the double - acting dynamic load cylinder 5 until the piston rod of the double - acting dynamic load cylinder 5 contacts the dynamic load transfer frame 10, and then fixedly connect the piston rod of the double - acting dynamic load cylinder 5 and the dynamic load transfer frame 10 together; Step 11: Start the static load head 2, apply a static load to the static load test point of the physical model through the static load head 2, and record the data of the displacement sensor, the strain gauge and the acoustic emission probe at the same time; Step 12: Start the double - acting dynamic load cylinder 5, apply a disturbance to the physical model through the dynamic load transfer frame 10 and the model supporting plate 9 to realize the coupled loading of the horizontal dynamic load and the vertical static load, and record the data of the displacement sensor, the strain gauge and the acoustic emission probe at the same time; Step 13: Summarize and analyze the experimental data.

[0026] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or modification without departing from the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, characterized in that: It includes a rigid foundation, a horizontal dynamic load application component, a vertical static load application component, and a similar physical model bearing platform component; the horizontal dynamic load application component and the similar physical model bearing platform component are arranged side by side on the top of the rigid foundation; the vertical static load application component includes a horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism, a vertical height position adjustment mechanism, a horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism, and a static load pressing head; the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the top of the rigid foundation and is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform component; the vertical height position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the horizontal longitudinal position adjustment mechanism; the horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism is arranged on the vertical height position adjustment mechanism; the static load pressing head is arranged on the horizontal lateral position adjustment mechanism.

2. The large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 1, wherein: The horizontal dynamic load application component includes a dynamic load support bottom plate, a dynamic load reaction support, a double-link dynamic load oil cylinder, an accumulator, and a servo valve group; the dynamic load support bottom plate is horizontally and fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the dynamic load reaction support is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the dynamic load support bottom plate; the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder is horizontally arranged above the dynamic load support bottom plate, and the rear end of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the dynamic load reaction support; the accumulator is located between the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder and the dynamic load reaction support; the servo valve group is arranged on the cylinder body of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder.

3. The large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The similar physical model bearing platform component includes a bearing platform support base, a model support plate, a dynamic load transfer frame, a model protection enclosure, dynamic load guide rails, and dynamic load sliders; the bearing platform support base is horizontally and fixedly installed on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the number of the dynamic load guide rails is several, and several dynamic load guide rails are arranged in parallel at equal intervals on the upper surface of the bearing platform support base, and the dynamic load guide rails are parallel to the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder; the dynamic load sliders are arranged on the dynamic load guide rails, and several dynamic load sliders are arranged on each dynamic load guide rail, and the several dynamic load sliders on each dynamic load guide rail are arranged in a straight line at equal intervals; the model support plate is horizontally arranged above the bearing platform support base, and the lower surface of the model support plate is fixedly connected to the dynamic load sliders; the model protection enclosure is fixedly installed on the edge of the upper surface of the model support plate; the dynamic load transfer frame is located between the model support plate and the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder, the dynamic load transfer frame is fixedly connected to the model support plate, and the dynamic load transfer frame is opposite to the piston rod of the double-link dynamic load oil cylinder.

4. A large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment mechanism support base, an adjustment mechanism support plate, a horizontal longitudinal guide rail, a horizontal longitudinal slider, a horizontal longitudinal slide, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear and a horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack; the adjustment mechanism support base is horizontally fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the rigid foundation; the adjustment mechanism support plate is horizontally fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the adjustment mechanism support base; the horizontal longitudinal guide rail is fixedly mounted on the adjustment mechanism support plate, and the horizontal longitudinal guide rail is parallel to the dynamic load guide rail; the horizontal longitudinal slider is mounted on the horizontal longitudinal guide rail; the horizontal longitudinal slide is mounted on the horizontal longitudinal slider; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket is fixedly connected to the horizontal longitudinal slide; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor is vertically fixed on the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment extension bracket, and the power output shaft of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor faces downward; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear is fixedly mounted on the power output shaft of the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor; the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is fixedly mounted on the adjustment mechanism support plate, the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is parallel to the horizontal longitudinal guide rail, and the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack is meshed with the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear.

5. The large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the horizontal longitudinal slide is I-shaped; the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing platform support base is U-shaped; a give-way guide slot is provided on the adjustment mechanism support plate; the vertical plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is installed in the give-way guide slot, the upper cross plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is located above the adjustment mechanism support plate, and the lower cross plate of the horizontal longitudinal slide is located below the adjustment mechanism support plate and placed in the U-shaped groove of the load-bearing platform support base; there are four horizontal longitudinal guide rails, and two horizontal longitudinal guide rails are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the adjustment mechanism support plates on both sides of the give-way guide slot, and each horizontal longitudinal guide rail is provided with two horizontal longitudinal sliding blocks.

6. The large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vertical height position adjusting mechanism includes columns, a vertical height position adjusting lead screw, a vertical height position adjusting nut, a cross beam, a vertical height position adjusting motor, a driving pulley, a first driven pulley, a second driven pulley, a first tension pulley, a second tension pulley, a synchronous belt, and a vertical height position adjusting extension bracket; there are two columns, and the two columns are respectively vertically and fixedly installed on the horizontal longitudinal sliding tables on both sides of the similar physical model bearing platform assembly. A vertical height position adjusting nut is vertically installed at the top of each column, and a vertical height position adjusting lead screw is vertically installed in each vertical height position adjusting nut; the cross beam is horizontally arranged and located directly above the two columns, and the two ends of the cross beam are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two vertical height position adjusting lead screws, and the vertical height position adjusting lead screw and the cross beam are rotatably connected through a bearing; the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley are respectively fixedly installed at the tops of the two vertical height position adjusting lead screws; the vertical height position adjusting extension bracket is fixedly installed in the middle of the cross beam; the vertical height position adjusting motor is vertically and fixedly installed on the vertical height position adjusting extension bracket, and the power output shaft of the vertical height position adjusting motor faces downward; the driving pulley is fixedly installed on the power output shaft of the vertical height position adjusting motor; the first tension pulley and the second tension pulley are symmetrically distributed on the cross beam on both sides of the vertical height position adjusting motor; the driving pulley, the first tension pulley, the first driven pulley, the second driven pulley, and the second tension pulley are connected by a synchronous belt for transmission.

7. A large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The horizontal and lateral position adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor, a horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw, a horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide, a horizontal and lateral guide rail, a horizontal and lateral slider, and a horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod. The horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor is fixedly installed at the end of the cross beam. The power output shaft of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment motor is coaxially and fixedly connected to one end of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw. The other end of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw is rotatably connected to the cross beam through a bearing. The horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw is vertically distributed with the horizontal and longitudinal guide rail. The horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod is fixedly installed on the cross beam on the opposite side of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw. The horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod is parallelly distributed with the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw. The cross-sectional shape of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide is U-shaped. A threaded hole is internally provided at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide. The horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw is inserted into the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide. A light hole is internally provided at the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide. The horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod is inserted into the light hole at the top of the right vertical plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide. The horizontal and lateral guide rail is fixedly installed at the bottom of the cross beam. The horizontal and lateral guide rail is parallelly distributed with the horizontal and lateral position adjustment lead screw and the horizontal and lateral guiding optical rod. The horizontal and lateral slider is arranged on the horizontal and lateral guide rail. The horizontal and lateral slider is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide. The static load indenter is vertically installed at the middle of the lower surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide.

8. A large-scale physical model simulation experimental device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: Between the top of the column and the model support plate and between the bottom of the cross beam and the dynamic load support bottom plate, stabilizing steel cables are symmetrically and obliquely arranged in a tensile manner. A turnbuckle is installed in the middle of each stabilizing steel cable.

9. A large-scale physical model simulation experiment method for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas, which uses the large-scale physical model simulation experiment device for dangerous rock disasters in karst areas described in claim 8, is characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Fabricate a large-scale physical model of karst area dangerous rock disaster in situ on the model support plate. During the fabrication process of the large-scale physical model of karst area dangerous rock disaster, set the size, position, and quantity of the dangerous rock mass on the physical model according to the experimental requirements. At the same time, complete the installation of displacement sensors, strain gauges, and acoustic emission probes. Step 2: After the large-scale physical model of karst area dangerous rock disaster is fabricated, install the model protection enclosure around the physical model. Step 3: Select static load indenters of different types and functions as spares according to the experimental requirements. Step 4: Select one from the several spare static load indenters, and install the selected static load indenter at the middle of the lower surface of the bottom cross plate of the horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide. Step 5: Select a dangerous rock mass on the physical model as the static load test point. Step 6: Start the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment motor, drive the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment gear to mesh with the horizontal and longitudinal position adjustment rack for transmission, drive the horizontal and longitudinal slide to adjust its position along the horizontal and longitudinal guide rail, so that the column, cross beam, horizontal and lateral position adjustment nut slide, and static load indenter move synchronously with the horizontal and longitudinal slide until the cross beam moves directly above the static load test point. Step Seven: Start the horizontal lateral position adjustment motor to drive the horizontal lateral position adjustment lead screw to perform threaded transmission with the threaded hole at the top of the left vertical plate of the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide, driving the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide to adjust its position along the horizontal lateral guide rail and horizontal lateral guiding optical rod until the static load indenter moves directly above the static load test point; Step Eight: Start the vertical height position adjustment motor to drive the driving pulley to engage and drive the synchronous belt, driving the first driven pulley and the second driven pulley to rotate synchronously, and then driving the two vertical height position adjustment lead screws to rotate synchronously, causing the vertical height position adjustment lead screws to perform threaded transmission with the vertical height position adjustment nuts. The rotational motion of the vertical height position adjustment lead screws will be synchronously converted into vertical lifting motion, so that the crossbeam, the horizontal lateral position adjustment nut slide, and the static load indenter will synchronously lower their heights until the static load indenter contacts the physical model; Step Nine: First, complete the symmetrically inclined pulling layout of the stabilizing steel cables between the bottom of the crossbeam and the dynamic load support base plate, and then complete the symmetrically inclined pulling layout of the stabilizing steel cables between the top of the column and the model support plate. During the layout of the stabilizing steel cables, adjust the turnbuckle to tighten the steel cables; Step Ten: Start the double-acting dynamic load oil cylinder to extend the piston rod of the double-acting dynamic load oil cylinder until the piston rod of the double-acting dynamic load oil cylinder contacts the dynamic load force transfer frame, and then fixedly connect the piston rod of the double-acting dynamic load oil cylinder and the dynamic load force transfer frame together; Step Eleven: Start the static load indenter to apply a static load to the static load test point of the physical model through the static load indenter, and simultaneously record the data of the displacement sensor, strain gauge, and acoustic emission probe; Step Twelve: Start the double-acting dynamic load oil cylinder to apply a disturbance to the physical model through the dynamic load force transfer frame and the model support plate to achieve the coupled loading of the horizontal dynamic load and the vertical static load, and simultaneously record the data of the displacement sensor, strain gauge, and acoustic emission probe; Step Thirteen: Summarize and analyze the experimental data.

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