Portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform. The portable Raman spectrometer comprises a light source module, a sample bin, an optical system module, a detection module, a signal processing module and a control unit, the light source module is used for generating an excitation light beam to induce a target sample to generate Raman scattering light; an optical signal acquisition path is reconstructed through a space-spectrum cooperative coding mechanism of a Hadamard coding disc, multi-channel parallel capture in a full-spectrum range is realized in single exposure, and the luminous flux limitation of a traditional light splitting technology is fundamentally broken through; in combination with a dual optimization mechanism of dynamic weighting calculation, a closed-loop iteration model of noise suppression and weak signal enhancement is initiated, and signal-noise separation and fidelity reconstruction are realized on an algorithm level through real-time environmental noise analysis and Raman intensity gradient self-adaption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of Raman spectrometers, and more specifically, particularly relates to a portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform. Background Art

[0002] As a non-destructive analysis tool, Raman spectrometers are widely used in fields such as chemistry, biomedicine, drug detection, and environmental monitoring. It detects the Raman scattered light generated by a sample under laser excitation to obtain fingerprint information of the molecular structure (such as vibration modes and chemical bond information), thereby achieving accurate identification and quantitative analysis of substances. However, traditional Raman spectrometers usually adopt a fixed laboratory design, relying on Fourier transform or prism spectroscopy techniques. Limited by a narrow optical aperture and a low-resolution detector, their signal acquisition efficiency is low, resulting in insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (signal noise ratio). Especially under weak signal conditions, the original spectral data is significantly distorted, seriously affecting the analysis accuracy.

[0003] The existing Hadamard transform has been introduced to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of spectral signals. The Hadamard transform divides the entire spectral signal into multi-channel parallel acquisition through spatial encoding, and theoretically can significantly improve the light flux and data processing efficiency. However, in portable applications, such implementations face huge challenges: the Hadamard encoding disk requires a precise rotation positioning mechanism, and its mechanical design and control algorithms are difficult to miniaturize; the encoded optical signal is vulnerable to environmental noise in the miniaturized optical path; existing decoding algorithms are mostly based on static weight superposition, resulting in the accumulation of reconstruction errors and ultimately reducing the versatility of portable devices. At the same time, the existing Hadamard system has low integration (requiring an external computer for complex numerical calculations) and ignores user interactivity, and users cannot optimize decoding parameters under a portable interface. These defects make the current portable Hadamard Raman spectrometer unable to achieve a balance between high precision and low power consumption, restricting its practicality in large-scale environmental monitoring or point-of-care diagnosis.

[0004] In summary, the existing Raman spectroscopy technology has the following core problems: fixed devices are bulky and expensive, and portable solutions sacrifice accuracy and robustness; while the Hadamard transform can improve performance, it lacks an effective integration solution in terms of miniaturization, noise suppression, and user interaction. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the market for an innovative small spectrometer integrating the Hadamard transform, which can ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio through dynamic weighted calculation, and also achieve lightweight, shock-proof packaging, and intuitive human-computer interaction, so as to meet the needs of on-site rapid and reliable detection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to solve the drawbacks existing in the prior art, and a portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform is proposed. Through the space-spectral collaborative encoding mechanism of the Hadamard encoding disk, the optical signal acquisition path is reconstructed, and multi-channel parallel capture in the full spectral range is achieved in a single exposure, fundamentally breaking through the optical flux limitation of traditional spectroscopic techniques; combined with a dual optimization mechanism of dynamic weighted calculation, a closed-loop iterative model for noise suppression and weak signal enhancement is pioneered, and signal-noise separation and fidelity reconstruction are realized at the algorithm level through real-time environmental noise analysis and adaptive Raman intensity gradient.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform, comprising: a light source module, a sample chamber, an optical system module, a detection module, a signal processing module and a control unit; The light source module is used to generate an excitation beam to induce Raman scattered light from the target sample; the sample chamber is used to accommodate the target sample and ensure the effective transmission of the Raman scattered light; the optical system module includes a Hadamard encoding disk, which is used to perform spatial encoding on the Raman scattered light to generate an encoded optical signal; The detection module is used to receive the encoded optical signal and convert it into an original electrical signal; the signal processing module is used to decode the original electrical signal by applying the Hadamard transform algorithm to reconstruct Raman spectral data; the control unit is used to coordinate the timing operations of the light source module, the detection module and the signal processing module; the entire spectrometer has a portable packaging structure for easy on-site application.

[0007] Preferably, the Hadamard encoding disk is a one-dimensional binary pattern structure, including a plurality of light-transmitting regions and light-impermeable regions, which are configured based on a preset Hadamard matrix algorithm to achieve spatial encoding of the Raman scattered light; the size and arrangement of the light-transmitting regions and light-impermeable regions are optimized to synchronously collect signals on multiple discrete wavelength channels, thereby enhancing the signal acquisition efficiency; The encoded optical signals received by the detection module are integrated by weighted summation, and the weighting coefficients are dynamically adjusted based on environmental noise factors; the material of the Hadamard encoding disk is selected as high-transmittance and corrosion-resistant optical glass, and is linked with the control unit through a rotation mechanism to achieve continuous scanning of multi-channel signals.

[0008] Preferably, the Hadamard transform algorithm adopted by the signal processing module involves a creative weighted calculation mechanism, which includes two major steps: noise level weighting and signal intensity weighting; The noise level weighting dynamically assigns weights based on the real-time monitoring data of the environmental background noise, preferentially suppressing high-frequency interference signals and enhancing low-frequency useful signals; the signal intensity weighting distributes coefficients based on the intensity distribution of Raman scattered light, with lower weights in areas of higher intensity to avoid oversaturation, and higher weights in areas of lower intensity to enhance the reconstruction of weak signals.

[0009] Preferably, the light source module includes a solid-state laser and a beam shaping lens module, and the latter is used to focus the excitation beam onto the surface of the target sample; This module is characterized by a wavelength of 785 nm; the beam shaping lens module integrates a dynamic aperture to optimize the spot size and adaptively adjusts based on the distance of the sample chamber; the light source module is connected to the optical system module through a fiber optic coupling method to reduce the optical path deviation.

[0010] Preferably, the sample chamber is designed as a modular replaceable structure, including a sealed quartz cavity and a support system suitable for multiple types of samples. The support system supports the stable placement of powder, liquid, and solid samples; the chamber body is equipped with a temperature control element and an anti-pollution cover material, and the temperature is controlled by the control unit to be -10°C to 40°C to cover a wide range of biochemical detections; The Raman scattered light transmission path uses an efficient mirror array to reduce light loss, and the optical path length is optimized to be 50 mm to 100 mm to adapt to the constraints of portability.

[0011] Preferably, the detection module includes a high-sensitivity charge-coupled device array and a preamplifier circuit, which are suitable for capturing weak changes in encoded optical signals; the module integrates a noise compensation mechanism, which generates a compensation signal in real time based on the background light intensity data and corrects the original electrical signal through weighted calculation; the resolution of the detection module reaches 2048×2048 pixels, supporting full-spectrum range acquisition; the data output is transmitted to the signal processing module through a parallel interface, and an error checking protocol is applied during the transmission process to ensure data integrity.

[0012] Preferably, the signal processing module further includes a dynamic calibration sub-module, which performs real-time online calibration based on the standard spectral library data; the calibration process includes signal noise level evaluation, weight factor calculation, and reconstruction error correction; the weight factor calculation combines with user input through a creative interaction mechanism, allowing the user to set a noise threshold to trigger adaptive weight adjustment; the module hardware uses a multi-core processor architecture, and the software implants a signal reconstruction algorithm based on machine learning. The algorithm is trained on multiple noise models to achieve high-fidelity spectral reduction.

[0013] Preferably, the control unit includes a microcontroller and a wireless communication module. The microcontroller coordinates the excitation timing of the light source module, the rotation speed of the Hadamard encoding disk, and the sampling frequency of the detection module through preset firmware; The wireless communication module supports Bluetooth and Wi-Fi protocols and is used for remote data transmission to external terminals and server databases; the unit integrates external sensor interfaces to expand environmental monitoring functions. For example, temperature and humidity sensor data are used to correct noise calculations; the control unit operates to optimize power consumption through an embedded power management system, and the battery unit provides a detachable lithium battery support.

[0014] Preferably, the portable packaging structure is a metal alloy frame wrapped with an elastic shock-proof layer, with an overall weight of less than 2 kg and dimensions of 350 mm × 250 mm × 150 mm; the structure includes an integrated handle and shock-absorbing foot pads to support mobile use; the outer shell is built with a passive heat dissipation air duct to avoid overheating; the wire connections between modules use blind plug interfaces to ensure rapid assembly.

[0015] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: A portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform provided by the present invention has the following effects compared with traditional solid-state products: The signal processing module of the present invention introduces a dual collaborative mechanism of noise level weighting and signal intensity weighting; its core principle is that noise level weighting dynamically generates a weight factor by real-time monitoring the spectral distribution characteristics of the environmental background noise, preferentially suppressing high-frequency random interference components, while signal intensity weighting adaptively allocates gain coefficients according to the intensity gradient distribution of Raman scattered light - increasing the weight in low-signal regions to enhance weak Raman peaks and decreasing the weight in high-signal regions to avoid detector saturation distortion; the two are coupled and calculated through a closed-loop feedback iteration model to form a signal reconstruction process with self-learning ability; this mechanism has achieved a breakthrough physical separation of noise and effective signals at the underlying algorithm level, fundamentally improving the fidelity of decoded data; The optical system of the present invention adopts a fusion mechanism of two-dimensional spatial coding of a Hadamard coding disk and parallel acquisition in the spectral dimension; through precisely arranged light-transmitting / light-blocking units, a binary coding pattern is formed to enable multi-channel signal acquisition covering the entire spectral range in a single exposure; more importantly, the mapping relationship between the arrangement of light-transmitting regions and wavelength channels is optimized by the Hadamard matrix, making the light flux non-uniformly distributed in the frequency domain - allocating more light-transmitting units in the high-frequency band to strengthen the capture of key information; this spatial-spectral collaborative mechanism reconstructs the signal transmission path at the physical level, breaks through the inherent contradiction between light flux and resolution in traditional devices, significantly reduces the photon loss rate, and realizes "high-throughput, low-noise" optical signal input. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a system architecture diagram of a portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform; Figure 2 It is a real-time monitoring data diagram of the Fenton reaction in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3This is a real-time monitoring data graph of the photocatalytic reaction in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention provides a Figures 1-3 portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform as shown, including: a light source module, a sample chamber, an optical system module, a detection module, a signal processing module and a control unit; the portable packaging structure is a metal alloy frame wrapped with an elastic shock-absorbing layer, with an overall weight of less than 4 kg and dimensions of 350 mm × 250 mm × 150 mm; the structure includes an integrated handle and shock-absorbing foot pads to support mobile use; a passive heat dissipation air duct is built into the housing to avoid overheating; blind plug interfaces are used for wire connection between modules to ensure quick assembly.

[0019] The signal processing module further includes a dynamic calibration sub-module, which performs real-time online calibration based on standard spectral library data; the calibration process includes signal noise level evaluation, weight factor calculation and reconstruction error correction; the weight factor calculation is combined with user input through a creative interaction mechanism, allowing the user to set a noise threshold to trigger adaptive weight adjustment; the module hardware uses a multi-core processor architecture, and a signal reconstruction algorithm based on machine learning is implanted in the software, and the algorithm is trained on multiple noise models to achieve high-fidelity spectral reduction.

[0020] The light source module is used to generate an excitation beam to induce Raman scattered light in the target sample; the sample chamber is used to hold the target sample and ensure the effective transmission of Raman scattered light; the optical system module includes a Hadamard encoding disk, which is used to spatially encode the Raman scattered light to generate an encoded optical signal; The detection module is used to receive the encoded optical signal and convert it into an original electrical signal; the signal processing module is used to apply the Hadamard transform algorithm to decode the original electrical signal to reconstruct Raman spectral data; the control unit is used to coordinate the timing operations of the light source module, the detection module and the signal processing module; the entire spectrometer has a portable packaging structure, which is convenient for on-site application.

[0021] Among them, the Hadamard encoding disk is a one-dimensional binary pattern structure, including multiple light-transmitting regions and light-impermeable regions, which are configured based on a preset Hadamard matrix algorithm to achieve spatial encoding of Raman scattered light; the sizes and arrangement patterns of the light-transmitting regions and light-impermeable regions are optimized for synchronously collecting signals on multiple discrete wavelength channels, thereby enhancing the signal collection efficiency; The encoded optical signals received by the detection module are integrated by weighted summation, where the weighting coefficients are dynamically adjusted based on environmental noise factors; the material of the Hadamard encoding disk is selected as high-light-transmittance and corrosion-resistant optical glass, and is linked with the control unit through a rotation mechanism to achieve continuous scanning of multi-channel signals.

[0022] The Hadamard transform algorithm adopted by the signal processing module involves a creative weighted calculation mechanism, which includes two major steps: noise level weighting and signal intensity weighting; The noise level weighting dynamically assigns weights according to the real-time monitoring data of the environmental background noise, preferentially suppressing high-frequency interference signals and enhancing low-frequency useful signals; the signal intensity weighting distributes coefficients based on the intensity distribution of Raman scattered light, with lower weights in regions with higher intensities to avoid oversaturation, and vice versa, higher weights in regions with lower intensities to enhance weak signal reconstruction.

[0023] The light source module includes a solid-state laser and a beam shaping lens module, and the latter is used to focus the excitation beam onto the surface of the target sample; The module is characterized by a wavelength of 785 nm; the beam shaping lens module integrates a dynamic aperture to optimize the spot size and adaptively adjust it based on the distance from the sample chamber; the light source module is connected to the optical system module through a fiber optic coupling method to reduce the optical path deviation.

[0024] The sample chamber is designed as a modular replaceable structure, including a sealed quartz cavity and a support system suitable for multiple types of samples. The support system supports the stable placement of powder, liquid, and solid samples; the chamber body is equipped with a temperature control element and an anti-pollution cover material, and the temperature is controlled by the control unit to be -10°C to 40°C to cover a wide range of biochemical detections; The Raman scattered light transmission path uses an efficient mirror array to reduce light loss, and the optical path length is optimized to be 50 mm to 100 mm to adapt to the constraints of portability.

[0025] The detection module includes a high-sensitivity charge-coupled device array and a preamplifier circuit, which is suitable for capturing weak changes in encoded optical signals; the module integrates a noise compensation mechanism, which generates a compensation signal in real time based on the background light intensity data and corrects the original electrical signal through weighted calculation; the resolution of the detection module reaches 2048×2048 pixels, supporting full-spectrum range collection; the data output is transmitted to the signal processing module through a parallel interface, and an error checking protocol is applied during the transmission process to ensure data integrity.

[0026] The control unit includes a microcontroller and a wireless communication module. The microcontroller coordinates the excitation timing of the light source module, the rotation speed of the Hadamard encoding disk, and the sampling frequency of the detection module through preset firmware. The wireless communication module supports Bluetooth and Wi-Fi protocols and is used for remote data transmission to an external terminal and a server database. The unit integrates an external sensor interface to expand the environmental monitoring function. For example, the data of temperature and humidity sensors are used to correct the noise calculation. The operation of the control unit optimizes the power consumption through an embedded power management system, and the battery unit provides a detachable lithium battery support.

[0027] Based on the above, as Figure 2 shown: The monitoring of the catalytic reaction process is one of the important applications of the Raman spectrometer. By monitoring the Fenton reaction and the plasma-mediated photocatalytic reduction process of 4-NTP, the applicability of the proposed portable Hadamard transform Raman spectrometer in the field of catalytic monitoring is verified. H2O2 can generate highly oxidizing •OH and •OOH under the catalysis of Fe2+.

[0028] Both of these oxygen free radicals can increase the oxidation rate of Au NBP@Ag. As Figure 1 shown, as the reaction time increases, the oxidation degree of Au NBP@Ag increases, and the SERS signal of 4-ATP gradually decreases. The Raman signal of the labeled molecule is analyzed by the proposed method, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the Fenton catalytic reaction by using the Hadamard transform Raman spectrometer.

[0029] As Figure 3 shown: In the process of photocatalytic reduction, under the action of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and lightning rod effect, a strong focusing light field can be generated around AuNBP, which is beneficial to the excitation of hot electrons and realizes light-driven oxidation-reduction. It is easy to judge the photocatalytic activity from the change of SERS peaks between the product and the reactant. Under laser irradiation, 4-NTP on the surface of gold nanoparticles can be reduced to DMAB. In these cases, the proposed portable Hadamard transform Raman spectrometer is used for the photocatalytic reduction process of 4-NTP.

[0030] As the laser irradiation time increases, the signal at 1344 cm -1 corresponding to the symmetric stretching vibration of the nitro group of 4-NTP gradually decreases, and the characteristic peaks of DMAB at 1144 cm -1 , 1387 cm -1 and 1437 cm -1 corresponding to the stretching vibrations of C-N and N=N groups gradually increase, indicating that 4-NTP is reduced to DMAB. Therefore, the proposed Hadamard transform Raman spectrometer has application potential in the field of catalytic reaction process monitoring.

[0031] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Intelligent suppression of noise and optimization of signal reconstruction by dynamic weighted calculation Different from the traditional static decoding mode, the signal processing module of the present invention introduces a dual collaborative mechanism of noise level weighting and signal strength weighting. Its core principle lies in that the noise level weighting dynamically generates a weight factor by real-time monitoring the spectral distribution characteristics of the environmental background noise, and preferentially suppresses high-frequency random interference components such as thermal noise and circuit fluctuations. The signal strength weighting adaptively allocates gain coefficients according to the intensity gradient distribution of Raman scattered light - increasing the weight in the low-signal region to enhance weak Raman peaks and decreasing the weight in the high-signal region to avoid detector saturation distortion. The two are coupled and calculated through a closed-loop feedback iteration model to form a signal reconstruction process with self-learning ability. This mechanism breaks through the physical separation of noise and effective signals at the underlying algorithm level, fundamentally improving the fidelity of the decoded data and significantly enhancing the detection reliability of weak scattering samples such as trace pollutants.

[0032] 2. Spatial-spectral collaborative coding mechanism of the Hadamard encoding disk Traditional spectroscopic techniques rely on point-by-point scanning in the time dimension, while the optical system of the present invention adopts a fusion mechanism of two-dimensional spatial coding of the Hadamard encoding disk and parallel acquisition in the spectral dimension. Its core lies in that a binary coding pattern is formed by precisely arranging transparent / opaque units, enabling multi-channel signal acquisition covering the entire spectral range in a single exposure. More importantly, the mapping relationship between the arrangement of the transparent regions and the wavelength channels is optimized by the Hadamard matrix, making the light flux non-uniformly distributed in the frequency domain - more transparent units are allocated in high-frequency bands such as the Raman fingerprint region to strengthen the capture of key information. This spatial-spectral collaborative mechanism reconstructs the signal transmission path at the physical level, breaks through the inherent contradiction between light flux and resolution in traditional devices, significantly reduces the photon loss rate, and realizes "high-throughput, low-noise" optical signal input.

[0033] 3. Anti-interference stability mechanism of the miniaturized optical path system In view of the environmental sensitivity of portable scenarios, the present invention constructs an optical-mechanical-electrical collaborative anti-interference mechanism at the structural level: the rotation mechanism of the Hadamard encoding disk and the electronic control unit adopt a strategy of precise timing coupling. Each micro-angle rotation of the encoding disk forms a millisecond-level synchronous closed loop with the laser pulse and the detector sampling, eliminating the coding misalignment caused by mechanical vibration. At the same time, after the optical path length is compressed, a confocal design of the mirror array is introduced, enabling the scattered light to be focused through multiple reflections in a limited space, reducing optical path distortion. The temperature control element in the sample chamber shares environmental parameters with the signal processing module to compensate for the influence of thermal drift on the refractive index in real time. This mechanism establishes a dynamic cancellation model of environmental disturbance and optical response at the system dynamics level, fundamentally ensuring the measurement consistency of the miniaturized device.

[0034] 4. Human-computer Interaction-driven Adaptive Optimization Mechanism In this design, a linkage mechanism of user intervention and algorithm self-optimization is innovatively implanted at the control logic level. Users can manually adjust the noise threshold or weighting preference on the touch interface, for example, increasing the noise suppression weight of the fluorescence background sample. This instruction is seamlessly embedded into the iterative reconstruction algorithm through a parameterized interface to reconstruct the weighted function curve in real time. More importantly, the user operation data will be continuously recorded and associated with the sample type, forming a positive feedback network through an embedded machine learning module - when encountering similar samples, the historical optimization strategy can be automatically invoked. This mechanism establishes a "human-machine-data" co-evolution model in the spectrometer field for the first time, overcoming the pain point that traditional devices cannot adapt to complex on-site scenarios from the intelligent interaction level.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform, characterized in that, Including: A light source module, a sample chamber, an optical system module, a detection module, a signal processing module, and a control unit; The light source module is used to generate an excitation beam to induce Raman scattered light from a target sample; the sample chamber is used to accommodate the target sample and ensure the effective transmission of the Raman scattered light; the optical system module includes a Hadamard encoding disk, which is used to perform spatial encoding on the Raman scattered light to generate an encoded optical signal; The detection module is used to receive the encoded optical signal and convert it into an original electrical signal; the signal processing module is used to decode the original electrical signal by applying the Hadamard transform algorithm to reconstruct Raman spectral data; the control unit is used to coordinate the timing operations of the light source module, the detection module, and the signal processing module; the entire spectrometer has a portable packaging structure for easy on-site application.

2. The portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform according to claim 1, wherein The Hadamard encoding disk is a one-dimensional binary pattern structure, including a plurality of light-transmitting regions and light-impermeable regions, which are configured based on a preset Hadamard matrix algorithm to achieve spatial encoding of the Raman scattered light; The size and arrangement of the light-transmitting regions and light-impermeable regions are optimized for synchronously collecting signals on multiple discrete wavelength channels, thereby enhancing the signal collection efficiency; The encoded optical signals received by the detection module are integrated by weighted summation, where the weighting coefficients are dynamically adjusted based on environmental noise factors; The material of the Hadamard encoding disk is selected as high-transmittance and corrosion-resistant optical glass, and is linked with the control unit through a rotation mechanism to achieve continuous scanning of multi-channel signals.

3. A portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Hadamard transform algorithm adopted by the signal processing module involves a creative weighted calculation mechanism, which includes two major steps: noise level weighting and signal intensity weighting; Noise level weighting dynamically assigns weights according to the real-time monitoring data of the environmental background noise, preferentially suppressing high-frequency interference signals and enhancing low-frequency useful signals; signal intensity weighting assigns coefficients based on the intensity distribution of the Raman scattered light, with lower weights in regions of higher intensity to avoid oversaturation, and higher weights in regions of lower intensity to enhance the reconstruction of weak signals.

4. A portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source module includes a solid-state laser and a beam shaping lens module, and the latter is used to focus the excitation beam onto the surface of the target sample; This module is characterized by a wavelength of 785 nm; the beam shaping lens module integrates a dynamic aperture to optimize the spot size and adaptively adjust it based on the distance from the sample chamber; the light source module is connected to the optical system module by fiber optic coupling to reduce the optical path deviation.

5. A portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample chamber is designed as a modular replaceable structure, including a sealed quartz cavity and a support system suitable for multiple types of samples. The support system supports the stable placement of powder, liquid, and solid samples; the chamber body is equipped with a temperature control element and an anti-pollution cover material, and the temperature is regulated by the control unit to -10°C to 40°C to cover a wide range of biochemical detections; The Raman scattered light transmission path uses an efficient mirror array to reduce light loss, and the optical path length is optimized to 50 mm to 100 mm to adapt to the portable constraints.

6. The portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module includes a high-sensitivity charge-coupled device array and a preamplifier circuit, which are suitable for capturing weak changes in encoded optical signals; the module integrates a noise compensation mechanism that generates compensation signals in real time based on background light intensity data and corrects the original electrical signals through weighted calculation; the resolution of the detection module reaches 2048×2048 pixels, supporting full-spectrum range acquisition; Data output is transmitted to the signal processing module through a parallel interface, and an error checking protocol is applied during the transmission process to ensure data integrity.

7. A portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal processing module further includes a dynamic calibration sub-module that performs real-time online calibration based on standard spectral library data; the calibration process includes signal noise level evaluation, weight factor calculation, and reconstruction error correction; The weight factor calculation is combined with user input through a creative interaction mechanism, allowing the user to set a noise threshold to trigger adaptive weight adjustment; The module hardware adopts a multi-core processor architecture, and the software implants a signal reconstruction algorithm based on machine learning. The algorithm is trained on multiple groups of noise models to achieve high-fidelity spectral restoration.

8. A portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes a microcontroller and a wireless communication module. The microcontroller coordinates the excitation timing of the light source module, the rotation speed of the Hadamard coding disk, and the sampling frequency of the detection module through preset firmware; The wireless communication module supports Bluetooth and Wi-Fi protocols for remote data transmission to external terminals and server databases; the unit integrates an external sensor interface to expand environmental monitoring functions. For example, temperature and humidity sensor data are used to correct noise calculations; the operation of the control unit is optimized for power consumption through an embedded power management system, and the battery unit provides a detachable lithium battery support.

9. The portable Raman spectrometer based on Hadamard transform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The portable packaging structure is a metal alloy frame wrapped with an elastic shock-absorbing layer, with an overall weight of less than 4 kg and dimensions of 350 mm×250 mm×150 mm; the structure includes an integrated handle and shock-absorbing foot pads to support mobile use; a passive heat dissipation air duct is built into the shell to avoid overheating; blind plug interfaces are used for wire connections between modules to ensure quick assembly.

Images