Farmland irrigation water forecasting and early warning system for water storage type water source irrigation area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of farmland irrigation, and particularly discloses a water forecasting and early warning system for farmland irrigation in a water storage type water source irrigation district, a data acquisition module acquires basic data such as crop images and the like, the data acquisition module collects data such as weather and the like, and a calculation and analysis module processes the data, including crop identification and calculation of water supply amount and available water supply amount of a water source. The irrigation decision-making module makes a decision according to a result; the real-time feedback module updates a demand and gives an early warning; the irrigation execution module receives an instruction for irrigation; and the man-machine interaction and remote control module facilitates checking and control. According to the invention, the water storage amount of the water storage type water source is monitored and forecasted, water demand prediction is carried out on water demand crops in an irrigation area based on meteorological data and soil moisture content, and then forecasting and early warning are carried out on agricultural irrigation water conditions; irrigation forecasting, precise irrigation and drought-resistant early warning are achieved, management is convenient, and the irrigation water utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of farmland irrigation, and in particular to a water storage type water source irrigation area farmland irrigation water forecasting and early warning system. Background Art

[0002] Traditional water-saving irrigation management in storage-source irrigation areas relies primarily on manual operations, requiring the regular dispatch of specialized personnel to collect data and information. This prevents timely and accurate data collection, hindering reliable decision-making. In this context, the deep integration of information technology with water-saving irrigation in irrigation areas can fully leverage its advantages in sharing, convenience, and efficiency. Establishing an intelligent forecasting and early warning management system can enable automatic monitoring and analysis of water storage in storage-source irrigation areas, as well as automatic monitoring and analysis of farmland soil moisture and crop water requirements. This can provide a reliable basis for flexible water resource allocation, thereby improving water-saving irrigation in storage-source irrigation areas.

[0003] Therefore, a water storage type water source irrigation area farmland irrigation water forecast and early warning system has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a farmland irrigation water forecast and early warning system based on water storage water sources (mainly reservoirs and ponds), to realize water storage capacity monitoring and forecasting of water storage water sources, to predict water demand of water-demanding crops in irrigation areas based on meteorological data and soil moisture conditions, and to further forecast and warn of agricultural irrigation water conditions.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: a water storage type water source irrigation area farmland irrigation water forecasting and early warning system, comprising:

[0006] Data acquisition module: used to collect basic data of the target irrigation area; the basic data includes crop images, soil moisture data, and water source and field water level data;

[0007] Data collection module: used to collect meteorological data, crop planting information and planting area, and existing crop irrigation data;

[0008] Computational analysis module: performs computational analysis on the collected and collected data, including:

[0009] (1) Compare and identify crops based on remote sensing images to determine planting structure and area;

[0010] (2) Calculate the required water supply of the storage water source;

[0011] (3) Calculate the available water volume of the water storage source;

[0012] Database module: used to store collected and collected data and calculate and analyze data;

[0013] Forecast and warning module: compares the irrigation water required by water-demanding crops in the next n days with the water available from the storage water source, makes irrigation decision forecasts based on the comparison results, and issues a warning when the required irrigation water volume exceeds the water available from the storage water source;

[0014] Irrigation decision module: Make irrigation decisions based on the prediction results of the calculation and analysis module;

[0015] Real-time feedback module: used to feed back collected field and water source data to the calculation and analysis module in real time, update irrigation demand in real time, and issue early warnings when insufficient or excessive irrigation occurs;

[0016] Irrigation execution module: It receives irrigation instructions from the irrigation decision module as well as irrigation instructions directly issued by manual intervention, and performs irrigation by controlling the electromagnetic valve;

[0017] Human-computer interaction and remote control module: used to view the current irrigation situation through the human-computer interaction interface, output database storage data; view and control irrigation through the mobile phone app.

[0018] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes a field soil moisture meter, a water storage source and field water level sensor, and a monitoring camera.

[0019] Furthermore, the computing and analysis module performs crop comparison and identification on the remote sensing image to determine the planting structure and area:

[0020] Farmland image data is acquired through remote sensing satellites and preprocessed, including atmospheric correction, geometric correction, and cropping. Band combinations that clearly distinguish crops are selected, and based on spectral information, texture information, geometric features, and crop phenological information, classification models are trained to associate the extracted features with known crop categories, thereby achieving crop identification. Based on the identification results, the number of pixels for each crop is counted and converted into actual planting area, thereby enabling monitoring and determination of the crop planting structure and area in the farmland.

[0021] Furthermore, the specific method for calculating the required water supply of the storage water source is as follows:

[0022] Based on the existing image database, AI recognition and comparison are performed on crop images taken by the camera to determine the growth and development stage of the crop. Based on the crop irrigation system and soil moisture monitoring data obtained from existing experiments, the current crop water requirement status and water demand are determined, and the water demand of the crop within n days of the current growth stage is predicted. Based on meteorological forecast data, the rainfall for the next n days is obtained. Based on the water balance principle, the field irrigation water required by the crop in the next n days can be calculated. Then, based on the effective utilization coefficient of local farmland irrigation water, the water volume required by the water storage water source can be reversed. The specific calculation is as follows:

[0023] Q 需供 =Q 田 / η;

[0024] Where: Q 田 is the required field irrigation water volume for the crop in the next n days; Q 需供 is the required field irrigation water volume for the crop in the next n days; η is the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in local farmland.

[0025] Furthermore, the specific method for calculating the available water volume of the water storage type water source is as follows:

[0026] Calculate the water inflow of the water storage type water source in the next n days based on the predicted rainfall, runoff coefficient and catchment area in the next n days:

[0027] Q 汇水 =P×A×C;

[0028] Where: Q 汇水 is the water inflow in the next n days; P is the rainfall intensity in the next n days; A is the catchment area of the water storage type water source; C is the runoff coefficient;

[0029] Calculate the change in the water storage volume of the water storage type water source based on the water balance principle:

[0030] ΔQ 蓄水 =Q 汇水 -Q 蒸发 -Q 渗漏 ;

[0031] Where: ΔQ 蓄水 is the change in the water storage volume of the water storage type water source in the next n days; Q 汇水 is the water inflow in the next n days; Q 蒸发 is the evaporation volume in the next n days, calculated according to the evaporation formula of the water surface; Q 渗漏 is the leakage volume in the next n days, obtained through monitoring or estimated according to experience;

[0032] Predict the available water volume of the water storage type water source in the next n days and calculate it according to the following formula:

[0033] Q 可供 =Q 当前 +ΔQ 蓄水 -Q 死 ;

[0034] Where: Q 可供 is the available water volume of the water storage type water source in the next n days; ΔQ 蓄水 is the change in the water storage volume of the water storage type water source in the next n days; Q 死 is the dead storage capacity of the water storage type water source.

[0035] Further, the specific method for the irrigation decision-making module to make irrigation decisions based on the prediction results of the calculation and analysis module is as follows:

[0036] Determine the current water supply required by the water storage type water source according to the current crop water requirement obtained by the calculation and analysis module, and issue an irrigation decision instruction to the irrigation execution module; issue an irrigation decision instruction to the irrigation execution module according to the future crop water requirement obtained by the calculation and analysis module; when the required irrigation water volume is greater than the available water volume of the water storage type water source, give an early warning and schedule water in advance.

[0037] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: the present invention can realize the irrigation forecast for multiple days in the future, schedule water in advance; realize the real-time interactive feedback during the irrigation process, perform precise irrigation, and improve the irrigation water use efficiency; realize the irrigation drought resistance early warning in the irrigation area, and enhance the drought resistance and irrigation guarantee ability of the irrigation area; realize the man-machine interaction and remote control, which is convenient for management. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0038] Figure 1 is the system block diagram of a farmland irrigation water prediction and early warning system for a water storage type water source irrigation area of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0039] Hereinafter, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that: unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] The description of at least one exemplary embodiment hereinafter is actually merely illustrative and in no way restrictive of the present invention and its application or use.

[0041] Technologies, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods and devices should be regarded as part of the specification.

[0042] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0043] The following further details the farmland irrigation water prediction and early warning system for a water storage type water source irrigation area of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0044] Combined with the attached Figure 1 , the present invention is introduced in detail.

[0045] A farmland irrigation water prediction and early warning system for a water storage type water source irrigation area specifically includes the following modules:

[0046] Data acquisition module: It is used to acquire the basic data of the target irrigation area, and the basic data covers crop images, soil moisture data, and water level data of water source areas and fields. This module specifically includes a field soil moisture meter, a water storage water source and field water level sensor, and a monitoring camera, and realizes the real-time and accurate acquisition of farmland-related data through these devices.

[0047] Data collection module: It is responsible for collecting meteorological data, crop planting information and planting area, and existing crop irrigation data. Meteorological data provides an important external environment basis for subsequent water volume calculation and irrigation decision-making; crop planting information and planting area data are the basis for analyzing crop water requirements; existing crop irrigation data can be used for system optimization and reference.

[0048] Calculation and analysis module: It calculates and analyzes the collected and collected data, and the specific operations are as follows:

[0049] Crop recognition and area determination: Obtain farmland image data through remote sensing satellites. First, preprocess the image data, including operations such as atmospheric correction, geometric correction, and cropping, to improve image quality and accuracy. Then select the band combination that can clearly distinguish crops, and based on spectral information, texture information, geometric features, and phenological information of crops, train a classification model, associate the extracted features with known crop categories, and then realize crop recognition. Finally, count the number of pixel points of each crop according to the recognition result and convert it into the actual planting area, so as to complete the monitoring and determination of the crop planting structure and area of the farmland.

[0050] Calculate the required water supply of the water storage type water source: Based on the existing image database, use the crop images taken by the monitoring camera for AI recognition and comparison to judge the growth and development stage of the crops. Then, based on the irrigation system of this crop and the soil moisture content monitoring data obtained from existing experiments, judge the current water requirement status and water requirement of the crops, and then predict the water requirement of the crops within n (n is 10) days at the current growth stage. At the same time, based on the meteorological forecast data, obtain the rainfall in the next 10 days. According to the water balance principle, obtain the required field irrigation water volume of the crops in the next 10 days, and then inversely deduce the water volume to be provided by the water storage type water source according to the effective utilization coefficient of local farmland irrigation water. The specific calculation formula is:

[0051] Q 需供 =Q 田 / η;

[0052] Where: Q 田 is the required field irrigation water volume of the crops in the next 10 days; Q 需供 is the required field irrigation water volume of the crops in the next 10 days; η is the effective utilization coefficient of local farmland irrigation water.

[0053] Calculating the available water volume of the water storage type water source: First, calculate the water inflow of the water storage type water source in the next 10 days based on the predicted rainfall, runoff coefficient, and catchment area in the next 10 days. The calculation formula is:

[0054] Q 汇水 = P × A × C;

[0055] Where: Q 汇水 is the water inflow in the next 10 days; P is the rainfall intensity in the next 10 days; A is the catchment area of the water storage type water source; C is the runoff coefficient;

[0056] Calculating the change in the water storage volume of the water storage type water source according to the principle of water balance:

[0057] ΔQ 蓄水 = Q 汇水 - Q 蒸发 - Q 渗漏 ;

[0058] Where: ΔQ 蓄水 is the change in the water storage volume of the water storage type water source in the next 10 days; Q 汇水 is the water inflow in the next 10 days; Q 蒸发 is the evaporation in the next 10 days, calculated according to the evaporation formula of the water surface; Q 渗漏 is the seepage in the next 10 days, obtained through monitoring or estimated according to experience;

[0059] Predicting the available water volume of the water storage type water source in the next 10 days is calculated according to the following formula:

[0060] Q 可供 = Q 当前 + ΔQ 蓄水 - Q 死 ;

[0061] Where: Q 可供 is the available water volume of the water storage type water source in the next 10 days; ΔQ 蓄水 is the change in the water storage volume of the water storage type water source in the next 10 days; Q 死 is the dead storage capacity of the water storage type water source.

[0062] Database module: Used to store the collected and gathered data and the calculated and analyzed data, providing data support for the operation of the system and data query, facilitating subsequent data analysis and traceability.

[0063] Forecast and early warning module: Comparing the required irrigation water volume of the water demand crops in the next 10 days with the available water volume of the water storage type water source, and making irrigation decision forecasts according to the comparison results. When the required irrigation water volume is greater than the available water volume of the water storage type water source, an early warning is issued to remind relevant personnel to take measures in advance to ensure the irrigation water demand of farmland.

[0064] Irrigation Decision-making Module: Make irrigation decisions based on the prediction results of the calculation and analysis module. Specifically, determine the current water supply required by the water storage water source according to the current crop water requirement obtained by the calculation and analysis module, and issue irrigation decision instructions to the irrigation execution module; issue irrigation decision instructions to the irrigation execution module according to the future crop water requirement obtained by the calculation and analysis module; when the required irrigation water volume is greater than the available water volume of the water storage water source, give an early warning and dispatch water in advance to ensure the rationality and effectiveness of farmland irrigation.

[0065] Real-time Feedback Module: Used to feedback the collected field and water source data to the calculation and analysis module in real time, update the irrigation demand in real time, and give early warnings in case of insufficient irrigation and over-irrigation, so as to adjust the irrigation strategy in time and ensure that the crops receive appropriate water supply.

[0066] Irrigation Execution Module: Receive both the irrigation instructions issued by the irrigation decision-making module and the irrigation instructions directly issued by manual intervention, and perform irrigation by controlling the electromagnetic valve, realizing an irrigation method that combines automation and manual intervention, and improving the flexibility and adaptability of the irrigation system.

[0067] Human-computer Interaction and Remote Control Module: Used to view the current irrigation situation through the human-computer interaction interface and output the data stored in the database; view and control the irrigation through the mobile phone app, facilitating users to understand the operation status of the irrigation system anytime and anywhere and perform remote operation and management.

[0068] The specific implementation process of a farmland irrigation water prediction and early warning system for a water storage water source irrigation area of the present invention is as follows:

[0069] In practical applications, first, the soil moisture meter in the field, the water level sensors of the water storage water source and in the field, and the monitoring camera of the data acquisition module are used to collect the soil humidity data, the water level data of the water source and the field, and the crop images of the target irrigation area in real time. The data collection module synchronously collects meteorological data, crop planting information and planting area, and existing crop irrigation data.

[0070] The calculation and analysis module processes the collected and collected data. In terms of crop recognition and area determination, the farmland image data obtained by the remote sensing satellite is processed and analyzed according to the above method to determine the farmland crop planting structure and area. For the calculation of the required water supply volume and available water volume of the water storage water source, based on the corresponding formulas and data sources, accurately calculate the required irrigation water volume of the crops in the next 10 days and the available water volume of the water storage water source.

[0071] The database module stores all the collected, collected, calculated and analyzed data. The prediction and early warning module compares the required irrigation water volume of the water-requiring crops in the next 10 days with the available water volume of the water storage water source, and gives an early warning when the required irrigation water volume is greater than the available water volume.

[0072] The irrigation decision-making module makes irrigation decisions based on the results of the calculation and analysis module and issues irrigation instructions to the irrigation execution module. After receiving the instructions, the irrigation execution module conducts irrigation by controlling the electromagnetic valve. The real-time feedback module feeds back the field and water source data to the calculation and analysis module in real time, updates the irrigation requirements, and issues early warnings when irrigation anomalies occur.

[0073] Users can view the current irrigation situation, obtain the data stored in the database, and remotely control and manage the irrigation system through the human-computer interaction interface of the human-computer interaction and remote control module or the mobile phone app, so as to achieve scientific and precise management of the irrigation water for farmland in the water storage type water source irrigation area.

[0074] The above describes the present invention and its implementation manners. Such description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementation manners of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Generally speaking, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and design similar structural manners and embodiments without creative efforts without departing from the gist of the present invention, they shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water storage type water source irrigation area farmland irrigation water forecasting and early warning system, characterized in that Including: Data acquisition module: used to acquire the basic data of the target irrigation area; the basic data includes crop images, soil moisture data, and water level data of the water source and the field; Data collection module: used to collect meteorological data, crop planting information and planting area, and existing crop irrigation data; Calculation and analysis module: performs calculation and analysis on the acquired and collected data, specifically including: (1) Conduct crop comparison and identification on remote sensing maps to determine the planting structure and area; (2) Calculate the required water supply of the water storage type water source; (3) Calculate the available water supply of the water storage type water source; Database module: used to store the acquired, collected data and the calculated and analyzed data; Forecast and early warning module: compares the required irrigation water volume of the water-demanding crops in the next n days with the available water supply of the water storage type water source, makes an irrigation decision forecast according to the comparison result, and issues an early warning when the required irrigation water volume is greater than the available water supply of the water storage type water source; Irrigation decision module: makes an irrigation decision based on the prediction result of the calculation and analysis module; Real-time feedback module: used to real-time feedback the field and water source data acquired to the calculation and analysis module, real-time update the irrigation demand, and issue an early warning when there is insufficient irrigation or over-irrigation; Irrigation execution module: receives both the irrigation instructions issued by the irrigation decision module and the irrigation instructions directly issued by manual intervention, and conducts irrigation by controlling the electromagnetic valve; Human-computer interaction and remote control module: used to view the current irrigation situation through the human-computer interaction interface and output the data stored in the database; view and control the irrigation through the mobile phone app.

2. The farmland irrigation water prediction and early warning system for a water storage type water source irrigation area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes a field soil moisture meter, a water storage water source and field water level sensors, and a monitoring camera.

3. The farmland irrigation water prediction and early warning system for a water storage type water source irrigation area according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the calculation and analysis module conducts crop comparison and identification on remote sensing maps to determine the planting structure and area: Obtain farmland image data through remote sensing satellites, and perform preprocessing on the image data, including atmospheric correction, geometric correction, and cropping; select the band combination that significantly differentiates crops, and according to the spectral information, texture information, geometric features, and phenological information of the crops, through training the classification model, associate the extracted features with the known crop categories, and then realize crop identification; count the number of pixel points of each crop according to the identification result and convert it into the actual planting area, so as to realize the monitoring and determination of the farmland crop planting structure and area.

4. The farmland irrigation water forecasting and early warning system for a water storage type water source irrigation area according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific method for calculating the required water supply of the water storage type water source is as follows: Based on the existing image database, perform AI recognition and comparison on the crop images taken by the camera to judge the growth and development stage of the crops, and based on the irrigation system and soil moisture content monitoring data of this crop obtained from existing experiments, judge the current water demand status and water demand of the crops, and predict the water demand of the crops within n days at the current growth stage; Based on the meteorological forecast data, obtain the rainfall in the next n days; according to the principle of water balance, the required field irrigation water volume of the crops in the next n days can be obtained; then, according to the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water in the local area, the water volume to be provided by the water storage type water source is inversely deduced; the specific calculation is as follows: Q 需供 = Q 田 / η; Where: Q 田 is the required field irrigation water volume for the crop in the next n days; Q 需供 is the required field irrigation water volume for the crop in the next n days; η is the effective utilization coefficient of local farmland irrigation water.

5. The farmland irrigation water prediction and early warning system for a water storage type water source irrigation area according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific method for calculating the available water supply of the water storage type water source is as follows: Calculate the water inflow of the water storage type water source in the next n days according to the forecast rainfall, runoff coefficient, and catchment area in the next n days: Q 汇水 = P × A × C; Where: Q 汇水 is the water inflow in the next n days; P is the rainfall intensity in the next n days; A is the catchment area of the water storage type water source; C is the runoff coefficient; Calculate the change in the water storage of the water storage type water source according to the principle of water balance: ΔQ 蓄水 = Q 汇水 - Q 蒸发 - Q 渗漏 ; Where: ΔQ 蓄水 is the change in the water storage volume of the impounding water source in the next n days; Q 汇水 is the water inflow in the next n days; Q 蒸发 is the evaporation in the next n days, calculated according to the evaporation formula of the water surface; Q 渗漏 is the seepage in the next n days, obtained through monitoring or estimated according to experience; Predict the available water volume of the water storage type water source in the next n days according to the following formula: Q 可供 = Q 当前 + ΔQ 蓄水 - Q 死 ; Where: Q 可供 is the available water supply of the storage water source in the next n days; ΔQ 蓄水 is the change in the storage volume of the storage water source in the next n days; Q 死 is the dead storage capacity of the storage water source.

6. The farmland irrigation water forecasting and early warning system for a water storage type water source irrigation area according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific method for the irrigation decision-making module to make irrigation decisions based on the prediction results of the calculation and analysis module is as follows: Determine the current required water supply volume of the water storage type water source according to the current crop water requirement obtained by the calculation and analysis module, and issue an irrigation decision-making instruction to the irrigation execution module; according to the future crop water requirement obtained by the calculation and analysis module, issue an irrigation decision-making instruction to the irrigation execution module; when the required irrigation water volume is greater than the available water volume of the water storage type water source, give an early warning and schedule the water volume in advance.

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