Composition and feed for aquaculture of aquatic products as well as preparation method and application of composition and feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product culture, in particular to a composition and feed for aquatic product culture as well as a preparation method and application of the composition and feed. The invention provides a composition and feed for aquaculture of aquatic products, and the composition and feed can effectively improve the survival rate of shrimps and promote the growth of the shrimps, and are green and pollution-free. In the invention, the two components, namely the elderberry powder and the perillyl alcohol, have a synergistic effect. By controlling the specific components and dosage, the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei can reach 97.00% or above, and the final body length reaches 3.57 cm or above; it is guaranteed that the survival rate of the crayfish reaches 93.50% or above, and the final body weight reaches 32.71 g or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquatic product breeding, and particularly relates to a composition for aquatic product breeding, a feed, a preparation method thereof and an application. Background Art

[0002] Shrimps are animals of the Natantia order of the Crustacea subphylum, with nearly 2,000 varieties, mostly living in rivers and lakes. Because of their delicious meat, they are loved by consumers. With the booming development of the aquatic product breeding industry and the feed industry, the feed additive industry has grown rapidly. The use of feed additives has improved the feed conversion rate, enhanced immunity, increased antibodies, improved digestion ability from the animal itself, reduced the incidence of diseases, enabled them to grow safely and gain more weight; thus achieving the purpose of cost savings, improving the growth meat-to-feed ratio, and thereby increasing the benefits of farmers.

[0003] In recent years, it has been found that the long-term use of chemically synthesized additives such as antibiotics and hormones has disrupted the microecological balance in aquatic products, leading to the generation of drug-resistant strains, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of aquatic products and a decline in immunity. Moreover, the residues of antibiotics and hormone additives in aquatic products seriously affect and endanger human health. Therefore, it is very necessary to find a green composition that can effectively improve the survival rate of aquatic products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composition for aquatic product breeding, a feed, a preparation method thereof and an application to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The composition provided by the present invention can be prepared into a feed that can effectively improve the survival rate of aquatic products and is green and pollution-free.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a composition for aquatic product breeding, and the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass:

[0007] 0.5 - 1 part of elderberry powder, 0.2 - 0.7 part of perillyl alcohol, 5 - 10 parts of corn flour, 3 - 7 parts of fish meal and 1 - 3 parts of compound vitamins.

[0008] Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.8 part of elderberry powder, 0.5 part of perillyl alcohol, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal and 2 parts of compound vitamins.

[0009] Preferably, the compound vitamins include two or more of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin D3, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin K;

[0010] And / or, the aquatic product includes shrimp.

[0011] The present invention provides the application of the above composition in the preparation of feed for aquaculture of aquatic products.

[0012] The present invention provides a feed for aquaculture of aquatic products, and the feed includes the above composition.

[0013] Preferably, the feed further includes auxiliary materials.

[0014] The present invention provides a preparation method of the above feed, including the step of uniformly mixing the elderberry powder, the perillyl alcohol, the corn flour, the fish meal and the compound vitamin to obtain the feed.

[0015] The present invention provides the application of the above composition or the above feed in improving the survival rate of aquatic products and / or promoting the growth of aquatic products.

[0016] Preferably, the aquatic product includes shrimp.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for culturing aquatic products, including the step of feeding the above composition or the above feed to the aquatic products.

[0018] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0019] The present invention provides a composition and a feed for aquaculture of aquatic products. The composition and the feed can effectively improve the survival rate of shrimp, promote the growth of shrimp, and are green and pollution-free. In the present invention, the two components of elderberry powder and perillyl alcohol have a synergistic effect. By controlling the specific components and dosages, the present invention can ensure that the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei reaches more than 97.00%, and the final body length reaches more than 3.57 cm; ensure that the survival rate of Procambarus clarkii reaches more than 93.50%, and the final body weight reaches more than 32.71 g. Detailed Description

[0020] The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0021] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although this invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of this invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to those documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0023] Without departing from the scope or spirit of this invention, various improvements and modifications can be made to the specific embodiments of the specification of this invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of this invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of this invention are merely exemplary.

[0024] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0025] In this invention, elderberry powder has the following functions:

[0026] 1. Enhance immunity: Elderberry powder contains rich antioxidant substances, such as flavonoids, vitamin C, etc. These components help improve immune function and enhance resistance.

[0027] 2. Antiviral effect: Certain components in elderberry powder have inhibitory effects on a variety of viruses.

[0028] 3. Antioxidant effect: Elderberry powder is rich in various antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, anthocyanins, etc. These antioxidants help neutralize free radicals in the body and protect cells from oxidative damage.

[0029] 4. Promote digestive health: Elderberry powder has the effect of promoting digestion.

[0030] In this invention, perillyl alcohol has the following functions:

[0031] 1. Antibacterial and antiviral effects: Perillyl alcohol has natural antibacterial and antiviral properties and can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria (such as vibrio) and viruses in water. In shrimp farming, this helps reduce the incidence of diseases and improve the survival rate of shrimp.

[0032] 2. Enhance immunity: Perillyl alcohol can act as an immunomodulator and enhance the resistance of shrimp to pathogenic microorganisms by improving the antioxidant capacity and non-specific immune function of shrimp. This helps shrimp better cope with environmental stress and disease threats.

[0033] 3. Growth promotion: Perillyl alcohol has a certain growth-promoting effect.

[0034] In the present invention, corn flour has the following functions:

[0035] 1. Energy provision: Corn flour is rich in starch (carbohydrates) and is one of the energy sources required for the growth of shrimp. Starch can be decomposed by enzymes in the shrimp's body into glucose, which is used to maintain life activities and promote growth.

[0036] 2. Nutrient supplementation: Corn flour contains a certain amount of protein, fat, and essential amino acids (such as lysine and tryptophan), which helps to meet the nutritional needs of shrimp. In addition, corn flour also contains vitamin A, vitamin E, and minerals (such as phosphorus and potassium), which have a positive effect on the healthy growth of shrimp.

[0037] 3. Improvement of feed palatability: Corn flour has good viscosity and pellet forming effect, which can improve the palatability of feed and increase the food intake of shrimp. This helps to improve feed utilization rate and the growth rate of shrimp.

[0038] In the present invention, fish meal has the following functions:

[0039] 1. Provision of high-quality protein: Fish meal contains rich essential amino acids (such as lysine, methionine, and tryptophan), which can meet the nutritional needs required for the growth and development of shrimp. The balance and utilization rate of these amino acids are relatively high, which helps to improve the growth rate and feed conversion rate of shrimp.

[0040] 2. Enhancement of immunity: Fish meal contains functional components (such as nucleotides and immunopolysaccharides), which can enhance the non-specific immune function of shrimp. This helps to improve the resistance of shrimp to pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the incidence of diseases.

[0041] 3. Promotion of digestion and absorption: The fat content in fish meal is moderate and easy to digest, which can provide energy support for shrimp. At the same time, its natural fragrance and flavor can improve the palatability of feed and increase the food intake of shrimp.

[0042] 4. Supplementation of trace elements: Fish meal contains rich minerals (such as phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium) and fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E), which helps to maintain the bone health and metabolic balance of shrimp. This is particularly important for the growth of juvenile shrimp.

[0043] In the present invention, compound vitamins have the following functions:

[0044] 1. Promotion of growth and development: Compound vitamins help to maintain the normal visual function and epithelial cell health of shrimp, promote the growth and development of juvenile shrimp; help in the formation of the bones and exoskeletons of shrimp; and can also protect cell membranes from free radical damage, improving the growth rate and survival rate of shrimp.

[0045] 2. Immunity enhancement: Vitamin C in the compound vitamin is a powerful antioxidant that can enhance the immune function of shrimp and improve its resistance to pathogenic microorganisms; the B vitamins can participate in energy metabolism and protein synthesis, helping to improve the physical condition and stress resistance of shrimp.

[0046] 3. Improvement of feed utilization rate: The compound vitamin can improve the energy conversion efficiency of feed. This helps to reduce feed waste and lower production costs.

[0047] In summary, elderberry powder is rich in antioxidant substances and also has the effect of promoting digestion; perillyl alcohol has an aromatic smell, which can also promote the digestion of aquatic products and their growth; corn flour, fish meal and compound vitamins ensure the nutrients required for the growth of aquatic products. The present invention creatively combines these five components, which can significantly improve the survival rate of shrimp and also achieve the effect of promoting the growth of shrimp.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, the components used in the present invention are all routinely purchased by those skilled in the art, and the methods used in the present invention are all well-known methods to those skilled in the art.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A feed for aquaculture consists of the following components in parts by mass:

[0051] 0.8 part of elderberry powder, 0.5 part of perillyl alcohol, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal and 2 parts of compound vitamin; the compound vitamin is obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0052] The preparation method is: Mix the elderberry powder, perillyl alcohol, corn flour, fish meal and compound vitamin evenly to obtain.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A feed for aquaculture consists of the following components in parts by mass:

[0055] 0.5 part of elderberry powder, 0.7 part of perillyl alcohol, 8 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of fish meal and 1 part of compound vitamin; the compound vitamin is obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0056] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A feed for aquaculture consists of the following components in parts by mass:

[0059] 1 part of elderberry powder, 0.2 part of perillyl alcohol, 10 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of fish meal and 2 parts of compound vitamins; the compound vitamins are obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0060] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] A feed for aquaculture, consisting of the following components in parts by mass:

[0063] 0.5 part of perillyl alcohol, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal and 2 parts of compound vitamins; the compound vitamins are obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0064] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] A feed for aquaculture, consisting of the following components in parts by mass:

[0067] 0.8 part of elderberry powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal and 2 parts of compound vitamins; the compound vitamins are obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0068] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0069] Comparative Example 3

[0070] A feed for aquaculture, consisting of the following components in parts by mass:

[0071] 2 parts of elderberry powder, 1 part of perillyl alcohol, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal and 2 parts of compound vitamins; the compound vitamins are obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0072] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 4

[0074] A feed for aquaculture, consisting of the following components in parts by mass:

[0075] 0.3 part of elderberry powder, 3 parts of perillyl alcohol, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal and 2 parts of compound vitamins; the compound vitamins are obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0076] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0077] Comparative Example 5

[0078] A feed for aquaculture of aquatic products, which is composed of the following components in parts by mass:

[0079] 2 parts of elderberry powder, 0.1 part of perill alcohol, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal and 2 parts of compound vitamins; the compound vitamins are obtained by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0080] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0081] Effect Example 1 Investigation of the survival rate and final body length of Litopenaeus vannamei

[0082] Feed the feeds prepared in Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 5, and record them as the treatment groups of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 in turn; at the same time, use the treatment of feeding commercially available Litopenaeus vannamei feed as the control treatment group.

[0083] Cultivate in a seawater cage. Each seawater cage raises 200 Litopenaeus vannamei. Each treatment is repeated 3 times, and the experimental time is 30 days; during the experiment, feed 2 times a day. Feed 60wt% of the total daily feeding amount at 7:00 in the morning and 40wt% of the total daily feeding amount at 6:00 in the evening. Stop feeding at night. The total mass of the daily feeding amount is calculated as 3wt% of the body weight of Litopenaeus vannamei. Statistically count the body weight of Litopenaeus vannamei once a week; after the experiment, count the survival rate and final body length of each group. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1 Survival rate and final body length of each group (average value of 3 repetitions)

[0085] Treatment Survival rate (%) Final body length (cm) Control treatment group 67.50％ 2.57 Treatment group of Example 1 98.50％ 3.74 Treatment group of Example 2 98.00％ 3.57 Treatment group of Example 3 97.00％ 3.65 Treatment group of Comparative Example 1 76.50％ 3.27 Treatment group of Comparative Example 2 73.50％ 3.30 Treatment group of Comparative Example 3 76.00％ 3.44 Treatment group of Comparative Example 4 80.50％ 3.39 Treatment group of Comparative Example 5 78.50％ 3.34

[0086] As can be seen from Table 1, when feeding Litopenaeus vannamei with the feed provided by the present invention, its survival rate can reach more than 97.00%, and the final body length can reach more than 3.57 cm. For the treatments that omit elderberry powder or perill alcohol, the survival rate is between 71% - 75%, and the body length is between 3.27 - 3.30 cm. It can be seen that the survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei in the treatments that omit elderberry powder or perill alcohol decreases significantly, and there is a synergistic effect between elderberry powder and perill alcohol. When increasing or decreasing the dosage of elderberry powder or perill alcohol, the survival rate is between 73.79% - 77.78%, and the final body length is between 3.34 - 3.44 cm, indicating that the dosage of elderberry powder or perill alcohol is also an important influencing factor affecting the survival rate and final body length of Litopenaeus vannamei.

[0087] Effect Example 2 Investigation of the survival rate and final weight of Procambarus clarkii

[0088] The feeds prepared in Feeding Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 5 are sequentially denoted as the treatment groups of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5; meanwhile, the treatment of feeding commercially available crayfish feed is used as the control treatment group.

[0089] The average weight of the experimental crayfish is 3.65 g. They are first temporarily raised in a cement pond for 14 days and then divided into each test cement pond. The number of crayfish in each experimental cement pond is 200, and each treatment is repeated 3 times. After 7 days of pond division, the feeding test is officially started with the feeds prepared in Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 5. Feed is quantitatively weighed and fed once at 7:00 p.m. every day. The initial feeding amount is 5 wt% of the total weight of the shrimp. Subsequently, the daily feeding amount is adjusted according to the feeding situation of the shrimp to ensure no excess. One asbestos tile (0.8 m × 0.8 m) is placed in each cement pond to provide a hiding place for the crayfish. The test water is filtered outdoor pond water, and the sunshade net is opened from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. every day. During the test, human interference is reduced, and it is kept quiet to prevent additional stress. The formal aquaculture test time is 60 days. Observe the feeding and death situations of the shrimp every day. When dead shrimp are found, they are promptly fished out, weighed, and counted. After the experiment, the survival rate and the final weight are statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0090] Table 2 Survival rate and final weight of each group (average value of 3 repetitions)

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] As can be seen from Table 2, when feeding crayfish with the feed provided by the present invention, its survival rate can reach over 93.50%, and the final weight can reach over 32.71 g, which is significantly better than other treatments.

[0094] The above - described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for aquaculture of aquatic products, characterized in that, The composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.5 - 1 part of elderberry powder, 0.2 - 0.7 part of perillyl alcohol, 5 - 10 parts of corn flour, 3 - 7 parts of fish meal, and 1 - 3 parts of compound vitamins.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.8 part of elderberry powder, 0.5 part of perillyl alcohol, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal, and 2 parts of compound vitamins.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein The compound vitamin includes two or more of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin D3, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin K; And / or, the aquatic product includes shrimp.

4. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 - 3 in the preparation of a feed for aquaculture of aquatic products.

5. A feed for aquatic product cultivation, characterized in that, The feed comprises the composition according to any one of claims 1 - 3.

6. The feed according to claim 5, characterized in that, The feed further comprises excipients.

7. The preparation method of the feed according to claim 5, characterized in that, It includes the step of uniformly mixing the elderberry powder, the perillyl alcohol, the corn flour, the fish meal, and the compound vitamins to obtain the feed.

8. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 - 3 or the feed according to claim 5 or 6 in improving the survival rate of aquatic products and / or promoting the growth of aquatic products.

9. The application according to claim 8, wherein The aquatic product includes shrimp.

10. A method for cultivating aquatic products, characterized in that, It includes the step of feeding the aquatic product with the composition according to any one of claims 1 - 3 or the feed according to claim 5 or 6.

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