Glass cutting head device

Abstract

The embodiment of the disclosure discloses a glass cutting head device. A specific embodiment of the device comprises an outer tube, an inner tube and an adjusting mechanism, the head end of the outer tube is sealed, and the side wall of the outer tube is provided with a side opening; the inner tube is nested in the outer tube, one end of the inner tube is provided with a blade opening, and the blade opening and the side opening constitute a shearing opening; the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting assembly and an executing assembly, the executing assembly comprises a back-off limiting adjustment block and an inner tube back-off stop block, the back-off limiting adjustment block is arranged below the inner tube back-off stop block, one end of the inner tube back-off stop block is fixedly embedded with the inner tube, the other end is fixedly embedded with an inner tube driving rod, the inner tube is embedded in the inner tube driving rod in the inner tube back-off stop block, the inner tube is in communication with the inner tube driving rod, and the inner tube driving rod is embedded in the back-off limiting adjustment block and the base. The adjusting assembly is engaged with the back-off limiting adjustment block. The embodiment can change the opening size through the adjusting mechanism, meet the cutting requirements of different diseased tissues, and improve the operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of this disclosure relate to the field of ophthalmic surgical instruments, specifically to vitrectomy head devices. Background Technology

[0002] The vitrectomy tip is a core consumable in vitrectomy surgery, achieving tissue cutting through the shearing motion of its inner and outer tubes. Vitrectomy tips are mainly divided into three categories: single-orifice single-blade, single-orifice multi-blade, and multi-orifice multi-blade, all with fixed opening sizes. In practice, vitrectomy typically involves cutting two types of lesions: one is the proliferating membrane on the retinal surface, which requires high stability and minimal retinal disturbance, necessitating a vitrectomy tip with a small suction volume; the other is the cutting of opaque vitreous humor in the center of the eye, which is farther from the retina and less affected by disturbance, allowing for the use of a vitrectomy tip with a larger suction volume to improve surgical efficiency. Currently, commonly used vitrectomy tips have fixed suction volumes, which cannot meet the cutting needs of different lesions.

[0003] However, when using the above-mentioned vitrectomy head device, the following technical problems often occur: using a vitrectomy head device with a fixed aspiration volume cannot meet the cutting needs of different lesion tissues, resulting in reduced surgical efficiency.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure concept, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The summary portion of this disclosure is intended to provide a brief overview of the concepts, which will be described in detail in the detailed description portion. This summary portion is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed technical solutions, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed technical solutions.

[0006] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a glass cutting head device to solve one or more of the technical problems mentioned in the background section above.

[0007] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a glass cutting head device, comprising: an outer tube, an inner tube, and an adjusting mechanism. The outer tube has a sealed end and a side opening on its side wall. The inner tube is nested within the outer tube, and one end of the inner tube has a cutting edge, which, together with the side opening, forms a cutting opening. The adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting component and an actuating component. The actuating component includes a retraction limit adjustment block and an inner tube retraction stop block. The retraction limit adjustment block is adjacent to the inner tube retraction stop block. One end of the inner tube retraction stop block is fixedly embedded with the inner tube, and the other end is fixedly embedded with an inner tube drive rod. Within the inner tube retraction stop block, the inner tube is embedded in the inner tube drive rod, and the inner tube communicates with the inner tube drive rod. The inner tube drive rod is embedded in the retraction limit adjustment block and a base. The inner tube, the inner tube retraction stop block, the inner tube drive rod, and the retraction limit adjustment block are configured to move coaxially. The aforementioned adjustment component engages with the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block.

[0008] Optionally, the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block is provided with gear teeth, and the aforementioned adjustment assembly includes a screwing device. The aforementioned screwing device includes a rolling wheel and a gear, the aforementioned rolling wheel is fixedly connected to the aforementioned gear, the aforementioned rolling wheel is partially embedded in the groove of the aforementioned base, and the outer surface of the aforementioned rolling wheel is provided with anti-slip texture, and the aforementioned gear meshes with the gear teeth of the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block.

[0009] Optionally, the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block is provided with gear teeth, and the aforementioned adjustment assembly includes an electric motor and a gear. The aforementioned electric motor is connected to the aforementioned gear, and the aforementioned gear meshes with the gear teeth of the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block.

[0010] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism further includes a scale, which is arc-shaped. The concave side of the scale has teeth. The convex side of the scale has scale bars. The teeth of the scale mesh with the adjustment assembly. The base has a guide groove configured to hold the scale.

[0011] Optionally, the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block includes an internal thread. One end of the aforementioned base is provided with a hollow threaded post, and the outer surface of the threaded post is provided with an external thread. The aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block is connected to the aforementioned base by means of threaded engagement.

[0012] Optionally, the inner tube drive rod is fixedly embedded in the piston, and the inner tube drive rod is configured to move coaxially with the piston. The base includes a first air passage and a second air passage, wherein the first air passage and the second air passage are configured to alternately allow air inflow and outflow. One end of the base is provided with a negative pressure source interface pipe, and the inner tube drive rod passes through the first air passage and the second air passage and is embedded in the negative pressure source interface pipe, which communicates with the interior of the inner tube drive rod. The piston is disposed inside the base and is configured to isolate the first air passage and the second air passage. The piston is configured to be driven when air is introduced through the first air passage or the second air passage. The base is provided with a sealing ring, which is located inside the first air passage and the second air passage and nested within the inner tube drive rod.

[0013] Optionally, the glass cutting head device further includes a housing, one end of which is fixedly nested with the outer tube, and the other end is connected to the base.

[0014] Optionally, the housing is provided with an observation hole, which is configured to observe the scale bars of the ruler.

[0015] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism further includes an electronic display screen associated with the adjustment assembly, the electronic display screen being configured to display the stroke adjustment scale of the inner tube.

[0016] The various embodiments disclosed herein have the following beneficial effects: The vitrectomy head device of this disclosure can change the opening size of the cutting port through an adjustment mechanism, realizing dynamic control of the aspiration volume, which can meet the cutting needs of different lesions and improve surgical efficiency. Specifically, the reason for low surgical efficiency is that a vitrectomy head device with a fixed aspiration volume cannot meet the cutting needs of different lesions, resulting in reduced surgical efficiency. Based on this, the vitrectomy head device of this disclosure includes: an outer tube, an inner tube, and an adjustment mechanism. The head end of the outer tube is sealed, and the side wall of the outer tube is provided with a side opening. The inner tube is nested inside the outer tube, and one end of the inner tube is provided with a cutting edge, which, together with the side opening, forms a cutting port. The aforementioned adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component and an execution component. The execution component includes a retraction limit adjustment block and an inner tube retraction stop block. The retraction limit adjustment block is adjacent to the inner tube retraction stop block. One end of the inner tube retraction stop block is fixedly embedded with the inner tube, and the other end is fixedly embedded with an inner tube drive rod. Within the inner tube retraction stop block, the inner tube is embedded in the inner tube drive rod, and the inner tube communicates with the inner tube drive rod. The inner tube drive rod is embedded in the retraction limit adjustment block and the base. The inner tube, the inner tube retraction stop block, the inner tube drive rod, and the retraction limit adjustment block are configured to move coaxially. The adjustment component engages with the retraction limit adjustment block. The aforementioned vitrectomy device features a larger opening on the outer tube side, and the opening size can be dynamically controlled by adjusting the aforementioned adjustment mechanism. When a more stable state is needed to cut the proliferating membrane on the retinal surface, the opening size can be reduced to achieve a cutting effect with less disturbance. When cutting the opaque vitreous humor in the center of the eyeball, the opening size can be increased to achieve higher surgical efficiency. Adjusting the opening size of the cutting device meets the cutting needs of different lesions, thus improving surgical efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the screwing device of the glass cutting head apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric motor of the glass cutting head device according to some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a glass cutting head device with a scale according to some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the base of a glass cutting head device according to some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 5 These are schematic diagrams of the inner and outer tubes of the glass cutting head device according to some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the execution components of a glass cutting head device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this disclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0025] It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0026] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this disclosure are used only to distinguish different devices, modules or units, and are not used to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules or units or their interdependencies.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this disclosure are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0028] The names of messages or information exchanged between multiple devices in the embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of such messages or information.

[0029] This disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the screwing device of a glass cutting head apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 1 It includes a screwing device 1, an inner tube return stop block 2, and a return limit adjustment block 3.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric motor of the glass cutting head device according to some embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 2Includes electric motor 4 and gear 8.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a glass cutting head device with a scale according to some embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 3 Includes ruler 9 and outer casing 15.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the base of a glass cutting head device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 4 It includes an inner tube drive rod 7, a base 10, a first air passage 11, a second air passage 12, a negative pressure source interface pipe 13, a piston 14, and a sealing ring 16.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the inner and outer tubes of a glass cutting head device according to some embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 5 It includes an outer tube (6) and an inner tube (5).

[0035] In some embodiments, the aforementioned vitrectomy head device includes an outer tube 6, an inner tube 5, and an adjustment mechanism. The tip of the outer tube 6 is sealed, and a side opening is provided on the sidewall of the outer tube 6. The outer tube 6 can be a slender tube, providing a movement trajectory for the inner tube 5 and ensuring precise cutting. For example, the outer tube diameter of the 23G vitrectomy head device can be 0.6 mm. The sealing of the tip of the outer tube 6 is to reduce damage to intraocular tissues from sharp edges. The distance between the side opening and the tip can be 0.2 mm, and the opening size of the side opening is larger than that of a vitrectomy head device of the same specification. For example, if the conventional side opening size of the 23G vitrectomy head device is 0.2 mm, then the opening size of the side opening of the outer tube 6 can be 0.25 mm. The shape of the side opening can be, but is not limited to, rectangular and arc-shaped. The outer tube 6 can be made of high-hardness, corrosion-resistant medical-grade stainless steel or titanium alloy.

[0036] In some embodiments, the inner tube 5 is nested within the outer tube 6. One end of the inner tube 5 is provided with a cutting edge, which, together with the side opening, forms a shearing opening. The outer tube 6 is fixed, while the inner tube 5 can move axially along the inner wall of the outer tube 6, achieving a reciprocating "forward-backward" motion, and its range of movement can cover the side opening. When the inner tube 5 moves forward, it closes with the side opening, cutting the target tissue, which may be vitreous humor. When the inner tube 5 moves backward, it separates from the side opening, forming an opening, and negative pressure is used to extract fragments of the cut target tissue. The inner tube 5 and the outer tube 6 can form a sealed cavity through a precise fit (such as an interference fit) to reduce air leakage and ensure stable negative pressure. The inner tube 5 can be made of high-hardness, corrosion-resistant medical-grade stainless steel or titanium alloy, ensuring sharp cutting and durability.

[0037] In some embodiments, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component and an execution component. The execution component includes a retraction limit adjustment block 3 and an inner tube retraction stop block 2, with the retraction limit adjustment block 3 adjacent to the inner tube retraction stop block 2. For example, the retraction limit adjustment block 3 may be disposed below the inner tube retraction stop block 2. One end of the inner tube retraction stop block 2 is fixedly embedded with the inner tube 5, and the other end is fixedly embedded with the inner tube drive rod 7. Within the inner tube retraction stop block 2, the inner tube 5 is embedded in the inner tube drive rod 7, and the inner tube 5 communicates with the inner tube drive rod 7. The inner tube drive rod 7 is embedded in the retraction limit adjustment block 3 and the base 10. The retraction limit adjustment block 3 may be a hollow cylinder with teeth on its outer surface and internal threads on its inner surface. The inner tube drive rod 7 may pass through the hollow portion of the retraction limit adjustment block 3 and be axially movable. The inner tube retraction stop block 2 may be an axially penetrating cylinder. After the inner tube 5 and the inner tube drive rod 7 are embedded in the inner tube retraction stop block 2, their interiors are connected, ensuring that fragments of the cut target tissue can enter the inner tube drive rod 7 through the inner tube 5. The inner tube drive rod 7 can be a tube made of high-hardness, corrosion-resistant medical stainless steel or titanium alloy, which can transport the fragments of the cut target tissue. The inner tube drive rod 7, the inner tube 5, and the inner tube retraction stop block 2 are fixedly connected. When the inner tube drive rod 7 moves axially, it drives the inner tube 5 and the inner tube retraction stop block 2 to move coaxially, causing the cutting edge of the inner tube 5 to perform a shearing action with the side opening of the outer tube 6. At the same time, if the shearing opening is fully open, which is the starting position of the inner tube retraction stop block 2, the retraction limit adjustment block 3 located below the inner tube retraction stop block 2 can contact the inner tube retraction stop block 2, and the contact method can be surface contact. By moving the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3, the retraction distance of the aforementioned inner tube retraction stop block 2 is limited, preventing the aforementioned inner tube retraction stop block 2 from returning to the starting position, thereby changing the opening size of the aforementioned shearing port. The aforementioned base 10 can be frustum-shaped, with the larger plane used to install the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3 and the aforementioned adjustment assembly, and the smaller plane used to connect the negative pressure source and the air pump.

[0038] In some embodiments, the inner tube 5, the inner tube retraction stop block 2, the inner tube drive rod 7, and the retraction limit adjustment block 3 are configured to move coaxially. The adjustment assembly engages with the retraction limit adjustment block 3. This engagement can be gear engagement. The adjustment assembly may include a gear with teeth that mesh with the teeth of the retraction limit adjustment block 3. Rotation of the adjustment assembly drives rotation of the retraction limit adjustment block 3. The retraction limit adjustment block 3 and the base 10 can be threaded together, allowing axial movement via the thread while the retraction limit adjustment block 3 rotates.

[0039] Optionally, the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3 is provided with gear teeth. The aforementioned adjustment assembly includes a screwing device 1. The aforementioned screwing device 1 includes a rolling wheel and a gear, the rolling wheel and the gear being fixedly connected, the rolling wheel being partially embedded in the groove of the aforementioned base 10, and the outer surface of the rolling wheel being provided with anti-slip texture, the gear meshing with the gear teeth of the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3. The aforementioned rolling wheel may include a vertical protrusion. The aforementioned vertical protrusion can be embedded in the groove of the aforementioned base 10 and can serve as the rotation axis of the rolling wheel. The aforementioned rolling wheel and the aforementioned gear can rotate around a coaxial axis. For example, by rotating the aforementioned rolling wheel, the aforementioned gear can be rotated, thereby driving the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3 to rotate, and the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3 moves axially through a thread while rotating.

[0040] Optionally, the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3 is provided with gear teeth. The aforementioned adjustment assembly includes an electric motor 4 and a gear 8. The electric motor 4 can be a stepper motor with a built-in encoder, which can provide real-time feedback on the stroke of the electric motor 4. The electric motor 4 can be connected to the gear 8 via an output shaft. The gear 8 meshes with the gear teeth of the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3. The electric motor 4 can be controlled by an electronic device, including but not limited to a computer or mobile phone. The user can input the desired change in the size of the shearing opening on the electronic device. The electric motor 4 rotates by the corresponding angle, driving the gear 8 to rotate, thereby causing the retraction limit adjustment block 3 to move axially by the corresponding distance, changing the stroke of the inner tube retraction stop block 2, and thus changing the opening size of the shearing opening.

[0041] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism also includes a scale 9. The scale 9 can be an arc-shaped structure. For example, the scale 9 can be made of a semi-circular arc-shaped metal sheet (such as stainless steel) or high-strength plastic, with an arc length corresponding to a 120° central angle. The concave side of the scale 9 has teeth. For example, the concave side of the scale 9 can be precisely machined with continuous straight teeth (such as a module of 0.5) along the arc surface, with a tooth tip circle diameter of 42mm. The convex side of the scale 9 has a scale bar. The scale bar can be a laser-engraved two-color scale line, divided into auxiliary scale lines and a main scale line. The main scale line is slightly longer than the auxiliary scale line; the auxiliary scale line can be a black line, and the main scale line can be a red line. Furthermore, the percentage of the opening size of the corresponding shearing cut can be laser-engraved below the main scale line. The teeth on the concave side of the scale 9 can only cover the main scale line, serving as a limit to prevent over-adjustment and damage to the inner tube 5 and the outer tube 6. For example, the auxiliary scale line can be set every 0.1 mm, and the main scale line can be set every 1 mm, with the first and last scale lines being main scale lines. Each 1 mm movement of the scale bar corresponds to a 10% change in the opening size of the shearing slit. When the shearing slit is fully open, it corresponds to "100%" on the scale bar, and when the shearing slit is fully closed, it corresponds to "0%" on the scale bar. The teeth of the scale 9 mesh with the adjusting component. For example, the teeth of the adjusting component (e.g., module 0.5) mesh with the teeth on the concave side of the scale 9. Each rotation of the adjusting component drives the scale bar to move 1 mm, corresponding to a 10% change in the opening size of the shearing slit. The base 10 has a guide groove configured to hold the scale 9. The guide groove can be a support column positioned according to the curvature of the scale 9. The top of the support column has an arc-shaped groove to hold the scale 9 and prevent it from derailing during movement. There can be multiple support columns, covering the movement trajectory of the scale 9. For example, there can be six support columns, which can be evenly distributed along the movement trajectory of the scale 9. The base 10 is provided with an indicator mark corresponding to the scale bar. The indicator mark can be located below the scale bar. The indicator mark can be an arrow, pointing to the percentage reading of the scale bar corresponding to the current opening ratio.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the execution components of a glass cutting head device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 6 It includes an inner tube retraction stop block 2, an inner tube 5, a retraction limit adjustment block 3, and an inner tube drive rod 7.

[0043] Optionally, the aforementioned retraction limit adjustment block 3 includes an internal thread. One end of the base 10 is provided with a hollow threaded post, and the outer surface of the threaded post is provided with an external thread. The hollow threaded post can be movably inserted into the inner tube drive rod 7. The retraction limit adjustment block 3 is connected to the base 10 by the engagement of the internal thread and the external thread.

[0044] Optionally, the inner tube drive rod 7 is fixedly embedded in the piston 14, and the inner tube drive rod 7 is configured to move coaxially with the piston 14. The base 10 includes a first air passage 11 and a second air passage 12. The first air passage 11 and the second air passage 12 can be connected to an air pump via pressure-resistant hoses (such as silicone or polyurethane tubing), and the air pump is used to provide power to the piston 14. One end of the base 10 is provided with a negative pressure source interface pipe 13, and the inner tube drive rod 7 passes through the first air passage 11 and the second air passage 12 and is embedded in the negative pressure source interface pipe 13. The negative pressure source interface pipe 13 communicates internally with the inner tube drive rod 7. The negative pressure source interface pipe 13 can be connected to a negative pressure source via a pressure-resistant hose (such as silicone or polyurethane tubing), and the negative pressure source can be an electric vacuum pump. The pressure-resistant hose connected to the negative pressure source interface pipe 13 and the pressure-resistant hoses connected to the first air passage 11 and the second air passage 12 can be located at the same end of the base 10. The piston 14 is disposed inside the base 10 and is configured to isolate the first air passage 11 and the second air passage 12. The piston 14 can be a hollow disc-shaped structure with the inner tube drive rod 7 fixedly nested in the center. The base 10 has a groove inside, and the edge of the piston 14 is embedded in the groove, which is used to fix the piston 14. The piston 14 can use an elastic material to ensure stability and durability under high-frequency operation. For example, the elastic material can be highly elastic, fatigue-resistant silicone or polyurethane material to ensure stability and durability under high-frequency operation (e.g., 10000 CPM). The first air passage 11 and the second air passage 12 are located on opposite sides of the piston 14. The piston 14 is configured to be driven by air intake through the first air passage 11 or the second air passage 12. For example, the first air passage 11 and the second air passage 12 are configured to alternately intake and exhaust air. When air enters through the first air passage 11, air exits through the second air passage 12, and the piston 14 drives the inner tube drive 7 to move backward. At this time, the shearing port is open. When air enters through the second air passage 12, air exits through the first air passage 11, and the piston 14 moves forward, driving the inner tube drive 7 to move forward. At this time, the shearing port is closed. The base 10 is provided with a sealing ring 16, which is located inside the first air passage 11 and the second air passage 12 and is nested within the inner tube drive rod 7 to improve the airtightness of the first air passage 11 and the second air passage 12.

[0045] Optionally, the aforementioned vitrectomy head device further includes a housing 15, one end of which is fixedly nested with the outer tube 6, and the other end is connected to the base 10. One end of the housing 15 can be a tapered structure to reduce obstruction of the surgical field. The outer tube 6 can be fixedly nested at the top of the tapered structure of the housing 15 by interference fit, which can reduce obstruction of the surgical field. The other end of the housing 15 can be provided with internal threads, and the part of the base 10 connected to the housing 15 can be provided with external threads, so that the housing 15 and the base 10 can be connected by threaded engagement.

[0046] Optionally, the outer casing 15 is provided with an observation hole, which can be located in front of the convex side of the scale 9. The shape of the observation hole can be adapted to the scale 9. For example, the observation hole can be a rectangular structure. The scale bars of the scale 9 can be observed through the observation hole. The inner wall of the outer casing 15 can have a certain curvature, so that the convex side of the scale 9 fits the observation hole more closely. The observation hole is configured for observing the scale bars of the scale 9.

[0047] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism further includes an electronic display screen associated with the adjustment component. The electronic display screen can be an OLED module integrating a Hall angle sensor (such as AS5600) and a microcontroller (such as STM32G0 QFN16). The electronic display screen can be associated with the adjustment component via a magnetic encoder. The electronic display screen detects the rotation angle of the adjustment component non-contactly via the magnetic encoder and displays the current opening size on the screen. For example, a bipolar permanent magnet, such as a button magnet, is fixed to the adjustment component. The magnetic encoder is mounted directly above the bipolar permanent magnet to detect the rotation angle of the adjustment component. The microcontroller converts the rotation angle into a 0-100% proportional signal, which drives the OLED display to show real-time values ​​via an SPI interface; for example, "50%" is displayed when the knob is turned to the middle position, and "100%" is displayed at the end limit position. The electronic display screen is configured to display the stroke adjustment scale of the inner tube 5.

[0048] Furthermore, in the process of adopting technical solutions to address the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the inventors discovered that during vitrectomy, doctors rely on visual observation, making it difficult to accurately and in real time determine the three-dimensional spatial distance between the tip of the outer tube and the retina, posing a risk of accidental retinal contact. To obtain the three-dimensional spatial distance between the tip of the outer tube and the retina more intuitively and improve surgical safety, and considering the technology possessed by the inventors' company, the following solution was adopted.

[0049] Optionally, the aforementioned electric motor 4 is communicatively connected to an external device. This external device includes a microscope, a main control unit, and a display unit. The microscope can be a surgical microscope connected to an OCT device. For example, the surgical microscope could be an OMS-800OFFISS. The surgical microscope is used to acquire images of the eye. These eye images can be color images of the fundus, and the eye images include the aforementioned outer tube 6. The OCT device is used to acquire optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. For example, the OCT device could be a CIRRUS HD-OCT 5000. The OCT images include three-dimensional voxel data. This three-dimensional voxel data is generated by the OCT device using low coherence interferometry to scan eye tissue axially (depth direction, Z-axis) and laterally (XY plane). First, multiple frames of two-dimensional slice images are generated through lateral scanning, and then these two-dimensional slice images are stacked axially to form a three-dimensional dataset. Each voxel corresponds to a three-dimensional coordinate, and each voxel value represents the light reflection intensity at the corresponding location. This three-dimensional dataset can be a three-dimensional matrix formed by arranging all voxels, capable of covering the entire spatial range of the scanned area. For example, the entire spatial range described above can be covered by 512×256×128 voxels, and the three-dimensional matrix described above can be composed of 512×256×128 voxels. The three-dimensional dataset described above can completely reflect the layered structure of the retina, such as the internal limiting membrane and photoreceptor layers. The display unit described above is configured to display the aforementioned eye image. The display unit described above can be a 4K display screen. The main control unit described above is communicatively connected to the driver of the aforementioned electric motor 4, and the main control unit can be configured to perform the following steps:

[0050] The first step is to denoise the aforementioned eye image to obtain a denoised image. In practice, median filtering can be applied to the eye image to obtain the denoised image. The aforementioned eye image will generate noise during transmission; therefore, denoising the eye image first can preserve the clear outline of the outer tube 6. For example, the noise can be salt-and-pepper noise.

[0051] The second step is to enhance the denoised image to obtain an enhanced image. In practice, adaptive histogram equalization can be performed on the denoised image to obtain the enhanced image. The grayscale difference between the clear outline of the outer tube 6 and the background in the denoised image is small; therefore, adaptive histogram equalization can be used to enhance the grayscale difference between the clear outline of the outer tube 6 and the background.

[0052] The third step is to perform edge detection on the enhanced image to obtain a contour image. In practice, the contour of the outer tube 6 in the enhanced image can be extracted using the Canny algorithm to obtain a binarized contour image of the outer tube 6. The contour image can be an image including the contour points of the outer tube 6.

[0053] The fourth step involves performing a Hough transform on the aforementioned contour image to obtain the geometric feature information of the outer tube 6. In practice, the contour image can be mapped to polar coordinate parameter space using the Hough transform to obtain a mapped image. Then, a set of line segments in the image can be obtained through statistical peak detection, and this set of line segments can be used as the geometric feature information.

[0054] The fifth step involves morphological processing of the aforementioned geometric feature information to obtain the refined outer tube 6 profile. The aforementioned set of line segments may include noisy line segments. In practice, opening operations (removing small noise) and closing operations (filling holes) can be used to filter out noisy line segments from the aforementioned geometric feature information, retaining the main line segments of the outer tube 6, resulting in the filtered geometric feature information as the refined outer tube profile. This refined outer tube profile is a set of line segments obtained by removing noisy line segments from the aforementioned geometric feature information, more closely resembling the actual outer tube profile.

[0055] Step 6: Perform feature analysis on the refined outer tube profile to obtain a set of candidate point coordinates for the outer tube head. In practice, intersection detection can be performed on the refined outer tube profile first to obtain the intersections of adjacent line segments as an intersection point set. Then, the intersections corresponding to the head region of the outer tube 6 can be selected from the intersection point set as filtered intersections, resulting in a filtered intersection point set. Then, the filtered intersections that meet the preset curvature condition can be used as candidate point coordinates for the outer tube head, resulting in a candidate point coordinate set for the outer tube head. The preset curvature condition allows the curvature of the filtered intersection points to be greater than or equal to a preset curvature threshold. The specific setting of the preset curvature threshold is not limited here.

[0056] Step 7: Based on the aforementioned set of candidate point coordinates at the outer tube tip, generate the coordinates of the outer tube tip 6. In practice, a median filtering algorithm can be used to select the median value of the candidate point coordinates at the outer tube tip as the coordinates of the outer tube tip 6. It should be noted that the coordinates of the outer tube tip 6 can be two-dimensional coordinates.

[0057] Step 8: Denoising the aforementioned 3D voxel data to obtain denoised 3D voxel data. Noise is generated during the imaging process, requiring denoising processing. In practice, denoising algorithms can be used to denoise the 3D voxel data to obtain denoised 3D voxel data. For example, denoising algorithms can include, but are not limited to, BM3D. BM3D, through 3D block matching and collaborative filtering, can suppress noise while preserving the continuity and edge sharpness of the retinal layered structure. The resulting denoised 3D voxel data can be a 3D matrix with suppressed noise and a clear, continuous retinal layered structure.

[0058] Step nine involves segmenting the denoised 3D voxel data using a pre-trained segmentation model to obtain a retinal surface point cloud. This pre-trained segmentation model can be a 3D U-Net deep learning model trained on a medical image dataset for segmenting the layered structure of the retina. For example, the medical image dataset could be OCT2017. In practice, the denoised 3D voxel data can be input into the pre-trained segmentation model to obtain the category labels for each voxel. For example, the category labels can include: background, internal limiting membrane, and photoreceptor layer, and each category label can be represented by a numerical value, such as 0 for background, 1 for internal limiting membrane, and 2 for photoreceptor layer. In practice, the internal limiting membrane is adjacent to the posterior vitreous cortex. When the external tube 6 enters the vitreous cavity and approaches the retina, it first contacts the internal limiting membrane. Therefore, it is necessary to extract the 3D coordinates of voxels with the category label of internal limiting membrane as the retinal surface point cloud. The retinal surface point cloud represents the set of 3D coordinates of the voxels of the internal limiting membrane.

[0059] Step 10: Perform multimodal data registration based on the aforementioned head-end coordinates and the aforementioned retinal surface point cloud to obtain three-dimensional head-end coordinates. This multimodal data registration process aligns the head-end coordinates with the aforementioned retinal surface point cloud, ensuring they are in the same coordinate system. In practice, the head-end coordinates can be mapped to the three-dimensional space of the aforementioned retinal surface point cloud through rigid registration (correcting translation and rotation deviations) and non-rigid registration (correcting local deformations) to obtain the three-dimensional head-end coordinates. These three-dimensional head-end coordinates can be obtained by three-dimensional mapping of two-dimensional coordinates.

[0060] Step 11: Perform a nearest neighbor search on the aforementioned three-dimensional head-end coordinates to obtain the real-time three-dimensional spatial distance between the head end of the outer tube 6 and the retina. In practice, a KD-Tree search can be used to find the point in the retinal surface point cloud that is closest to the aforementioned three-dimensional head-end coordinates as the nearest point. Then, the Euclidean distance between the aforementioned three-dimensional head-end coordinates and the aforementioned nearest point can be determined as the real-time three-dimensional spatial distance.

[0061] Step 12: Based on the aforementioned real-time three-dimensional spatial distance and preset safety parameters, generate warning information. In practice, in response to the aforementioned real-time three-dimensional spatial distance being less than the preset safety parameter, a preset red icon, the aforementioned real-time three-dimensional spatial distance, the current opening ratio, and the first preset recommended opening ratio are determined as warning information. In response to the aforementioned real-time three-dimensional spatial distance being greater than or equal to the preset safety parameter, a preset green icon, the aforementioned real-time three-dimensional spatial distance, the current opening ratio, and the second preset recommended opening ratio are determined as warning information. The aforementioned preset red icon can be a pre-set icon representing a red warning. The aforementioned preset green icon can be a pre-set icon representing a green warning. The current opening ratio can be the opening ratio of the current cut. The first preset recommended opening ratio and the second preset recommended opening ratio can be preset recommended opening ratios of the cut. For example, the first preset recommended opening ratio can be 30%. The second preset recommended opening ratio can be 80%. For example, the aforementioned preset safety parameter can be 2mm, which can indicate that the minimum safe distance between the retina and the tip of the outer tube 6 is 2mm.

[0062] Step 13: Control the display unit to display the aforementioned warning information. In practice, the display unit can be controlled to display the warning information in the form of a pop-up window. Optionally, the user can select a preset suggested opening ratio included in the warning information, or can manually input the opening ratio (e.g., 50%). The main control unit can use the user-confirmed opening ratio and the current opening ratio as adjustment information.

[0063] Step fourteen: In response to the detected adjustment information input by the user, a drive signal is sent to the driver of the electric motor 4. In practice, the ratio difference can be obtained by comparing the difference between the opening ratio in the adjustment information and the current opening ratio. For example, the opening ratio can be 50%, the current opening ratio can be 80%, and the ratio difference is -30%. Then, based on the ratio difference and the preset rotation angle, a target rotation angle and a target rotation direction are generated. Specifically, in response to determining that the ratio difference is less than 0, the counterclockwise direction can be determined as the target rotation direction. In response to determining that the ratio difference is greater than 0, the clockwise direction can be determined as the target rotation direction. In response to determining that the ratio difference is equal to 0, a null value can be determined as the target rotation direction. It should be noted that when the target rotation direction is null, the main control unit does not send a drive signal. The preset rotation angle can be the angle by which the electric motor 4 rotates when the opening ratio of the shearing cut is adjusted from "0%" to "100%", and is not specifically limited here. The target rotation angle can be determined by multiplying the absolute value of the ratio difference by the preset rotation angle. For example, the preset rotation angle can be 3600°. The absolute value of the ratio difference can be 30%. Then the target rotation angle can be 1080°. When the ratio difference is -30%, the target rotation direction can be counterclockwise. Next, a direction signal is generated based on the target rotation direction. Specifically, a low level can be used as the direction signal in response to the target rotation direction being counterclockwise. A high level can be used as the direction signal in response to the target rotation direction being clockwise. Then, a pulse signal is generated based on the target rotation angle and preset pulse information. The preset pulse information can be the step angle of the electric motor 4. For example, the step angle of the electric motor 4 can be 1.8° / step. Specifically, the number of pulses can be obtained first by multiplying the target rotation angle by the preset pulse information. The number of pulses can be 600. Then, the number of pulses can be divided by a preset adjustment time to obtain the pulse frequency. The preset adjustment time can be 6s. The pulse frequency can be 100Hz. Next, the period can be calculated based on the pulse frequency. The period can be 10ms. Next, the aforementioned period, pulse frequency, and pulse number are used as pulse signals. Then, the aforementioned direction signal and pulse signals are used as drive signals. Finally, the drive signals are sent to the driver, which can drive the electric motor 4 to rotate to the target rotation angle and target rotation direction. Simultaneously, the control unit can detect the rotation position of the electric motor 4 in real time through the encoder and dynamically adjust the drive signals according to the error between the target angle and the actual position, thereby realizing the adjustment of the opening ratio of the shearing cut.

[0064] The above-described optional embodiments, as an inventive point of this disclosure, solve the technical problem that "during vitrectomy, doctors rely on visual observation, making it difficult to accurately and in real-time determine the three-dimensional spatial distance between the tip of the external tube and the retina, posing a risk of accidental retinal contact." Factors leading to this risk of accidental retinal contact often include: during vitrectomy, doctors rely on visual observation, making it difficult to accurately and in real-time determine the three-dimensional spatial distance between the tip of the external tube and the retina, posing a risk of accidental retinal contact. Solving these factors can improve the safety of the procedure. To achieve this, this disclosure obtains the real-time three-dimensional distance between the tip of the external tube and the retina by processing eye images and three-dimensional voxel data, and sets warning information based on the real-time three-dimensional distance and preset safety parameters, providing doctors with quantitative data support and improving the safety of the procedure.

[0065] Furthermore, in the process of adopting the technical solution to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the inventors discovered that manually inputting the incision ratio affects surgical efficiency. From the time the attending physician informs the assistant physician of the required adjustment ratio to the time the assistant physician completes the input, a certain amount of time is required. If the assistant physician is unavailable, requiring the attending physician to stop the surgery to adjust the incision ratio further impacts surgical efficiency. Simultaneously, manual input may result in incorrect information, affecting surgical safety. To quickly adjust the incision ratio, improve surgical efficiency, and enhance surgical safety, and considering the technology possessed by the inventors' company, the following solution was adopted.

[0066] Optionally, the aforementioned external devices also include a microphone array and an audio processing chip. The microphone array can be a system composed of multiple microphones arranged in a specific pattern (e.g., linear, circular). The audio processing chip can be a dedicated chip integrating audio signal processing functions, responsible for tasks such as noise reduction, encoding / decoding, and voiceprint recognition. For example, the audio processing chip can be a FunASR chip. The microphone array can include at least one directional microphone and at least one omnidirectional microphone. The directional microphone can be a microphone sensitive to sound from a specific direction and suppressing noise from other directions. For example, a cardioid microphone. The omnidirectional microphone can be a microphone equally sensitive to sound from all directions. The directional microphone can focus the user's voice direction using directional speech technology to obtain directional speech information. This directional speech technology can use a directional microphone and algorithms (such as beamforming) to concentrate sound wave energy in a specific direction and suppress interference from other directions. The directional speech information can be a time-domain signal, including the user's voice. The omnidirectional microphone collects ambient noise to obtain ambient noise information. This ambient noise information can be a time-domain signal, including but not limited to the sound of an air pump, an air conditioner, or a glass cutting head device. The aforementioned audio processing chip can be configured to perform the following steps:

[0067] The first step is to acquire the aforementioned directional speech information and environmental noise information to obtain the raw speech information. In practice, the aforementioned directional speech information and environmental noise information can be used as the raw speech information.

[0068] The second step is to perform frequency domain transformation on the original speech information to obtain the decomposed speech information. In practice, a Fourier transform can be performed on the original speech information to obtain a frequency domain signal, which is then used as the decomposed speech information. This frequency domain signal can include the user's voice frequency band and the ambient noise frequency band. For example, the user's voice frequency band can be 150-600Hz, and the ambient noise frequency band includes low-frequency and high-frequency bands; the low-frequency band can be 80-200Hz, and the high-frequency band can be 3000-5000Hz.

[0069] The third step is to filter the decomposed speech information to obtain denoised speech information. In practice, a high-pass filter can be used to filter the decomposed speech information first to obtain preliminary denoised speech information. For example, the low-frequency band of ambient noise is 80-200Hz, and a high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 200Hz can be used to suppress low-frequency ambient noise. Then, a low-pass filter is used to filter the preliminary denoised speech information to obtain denoised speech information. For example, the high-frequency band of ambient noise is 3000-5000Hz, and a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 3000Hz can be used to suppress high-frequency ambient noise.

[0070] The fourth step involves temporal reconstruction of the denoised speech information and improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through audio gain to obtain optimized speech information. In practice, this can be achieved by first performing an inverse Fourier transform on the denoised speech information to obtain the denoised time-domain signal. Then, automatic gain control is applied to the denoised time-domain signal to improve the SNR, resulting in optimized speech information. This optimized speech information includes a clearer user voice.

[0071] The fifth step involves extracting acoustic features from the optimized speech information to obtain a speaker feature vector. In practice, the time-domain signal in the optimized speech information can first be segmented into frames to obtain a set of segmented information. For example, the time-domain signal can be divided into short frames of 20-40ms, with each short frame serving as a set of segmented information. Then, the set of segmented information can be windowed to obtain a set of windowed information. For example, a Hamming window can be applied to each short frame in the set of segmented information to obtain a set of windowed information. The YIN algorithm is used to calculate the fundamental frequency of each short frame in the set of windowed information to obtain the fundamental frequency value, which represents the vibration frequency of the vocal cords. The fundamental frequency value can be a 1-dimensional feature vector. Cepstral analysis is used to extract formant parameters from each short frame in the set of windowed information to obtain formant parameters. The formant parameters include the formant frequency, bandwidth, and amplitude, and can be a 5-dimensional feature vector. Next, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) can be performed on each short-time frame of the aforementioned windowed information set to obtain a spectral information set. This spectral information set includes the spectra of each short-time frame of the aforementioned windowed information set. Then, the modulus of the spectra of each short-time frame in the aforementioned spectral information set is squared to obtain a spectral line energy set. This spectral line energy set can then be mapped to a Mel scale using the Mel scale formula. Here, the Mel scale formula is not specifically limited. Next, Mel filters can be uniformly distributed on the Mel scale to obtain a filtered energy set. Specifically, there can be 20 Mel filters. Mel filters have triangular filtering characteristics; each Mel filter can output an energy value, and the energy value output by each Mel filter is used as the filtered energy set. This filtered energy set can have 20 dimensions of energy values. Next, logarithmic compression is performed on the filtered energy set to obtain a logarithmic spectrum. Specifically, the logarithm of each energy value in the filtered energy set can be taken to obtain a set of logarithmic values ​​as the logarithmic spectrum. Then, a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) can be performed on the logarithmic spectrum to obtain the spectral envelope. It should be noted that performing a discrete cosine transform on the logarithmic spectrum yields the same number of coefficients as the Mel filter. The first 13 coefficients can be used to form a 13-dimensional feature vector as the spectral envelope. Then, a first-order difference is performed on the spectral envelope to obtain a first-order difference vector. A second-order difference is then performed on the spectral envelope to obtain a second-order difference vector. The spectral envelope, the first-order difference vector, and the second-order difference vector are then concatenated frame by frame to obtain the first voiceprint feature vector. This first voiceprint feature vector can be a 39-dimensional feature vector. Next, the first voiceprint feature vector, the fundamental frequency value, and the formant parameters are concatenated column by column to obtain a feature vector set as the second voiceprint feature vector. This second voiceprint feature vector can be a 45-dimensional feature vector. Finally, the second voiceprint feature vector is normalized to eliminate dimensional differences, resulting in a normalized voiceprint feature vector. This normalized voiceprint feature vector can also be a 45-dimensional feature vector.For example, Z-score normalization can be used for normalization. Finally, the normalized voiceprint feature vector is time-series aggregated to obtain the voiceprint feature vector. Specifically, the voiceprint feature vector can be obtained by statistically calculating the mean, variance, maximum value, and minimum value of each dimension of the normalized voiceprint feature vector, which is then used for identity verification. For example, the voiceprint feature vector can be a 180-dimensional feature vector.

[0072] Step 6: Compare the aforementioned voiceprint feature vector with a preset voiceprint template to obtain the verification result. The preset voiceprint template can be a user voiceprint feature vector stored in the system, used for comparison and verification. In practice, the cosine value of the angle between the aforementioned voiceprint feature vector and the preset voiceprint template can be calculated using cosine similarity. If the cosine value is less than a preset threshold, the preset information indicating failure can be used as the verification result. If the cosine value is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the preset information indicating success can be used as the verification result. The preset threshold can be 0.8. For example, the preset information indicating failure can be "F". The preset information indicating success can be "S".

[0073] Step 7: In response to the confirmation that the above verification result representation has passed, semantic parsing is performed on the optimized speech information to obtain the semantic parsing result. In practice, the audio processing chip can perform natural language processing (NLP) on the user's voice in the optimized speech information to extract keywords and obtain semantic parsing for each keyword. For example, the keywords could be "opening ratio," "increase," or "10%." Finally, the keywords are sorted according to the verb priority principle to obtain the semantic parsing result. Specifically, action keywords can be placed before nouns. For example, the keywords can be sorted in the form of "verb + subject + parameter," such as "increase opening ratio by 30%." Then, the sorted sentence is used as the semantic parsing result. Action keywords indicating increase in the above semantic parsing result include, but are not limited to, "increase" and "raise." Action keywords indicating decrease in the above semantic parsing result include, but are not limited to, "decrease" and "lower."

[0074] Step 8: Based on the semantic parsing results, send the adjustment information of the electric motor to the main control unit. In practice, a target angle and target direction can be generated based on the semantic parsing results and a preset rotation angle. The preset rotation angle can be the angle at which the electric motor 4 rotates to adjust the opening ratio of the shearing cut from "0%" to "100%", and is not specifically limited here. Specifically, in response to the determination that the action-type keyword in the semantic parsing results indicates an increase, the clockwise direction can be determined as the target rotation direction. In response to the determination that the action-type keyword in the semantic parsing results indicates a decrease, the counterclockwise direction can be determined as the target rotation direction. The target rotation angle can be determined by multiplying the parameters included in the semantic parsing results with the preset rotation angle. For example, the preset rotation angle can be 3600°. The parameters included in the semantic parsing results can be 30%. Then the target rotation angle can be 1080°. Next, a direction signal is generated according to the target rotation direction. Specifically, in response to the target rotation direction being counterclockwise rotation, a low level can be used as the direction signal. In response to the target rotation direction being clockwise, a high-level signal is used as the direction signal. Then, a pulse signal is generated based on the target rotation angle and preset pulse information. The preset pulse information can be the step angle of the electric motor 4. For example, the step angle of the electric motor 4 can be 1.8° / step. Specifically, the number of pulses can be obtained by multiplying the target rotation angle by the preset pulse information. The number of pulses can be 600. Then, the number of pulses can be divided by a preset adjustment time to obtain the pulse frequency. The preset adjustment time can be 6s. The pulse frequency can be 100Hz. Next, the period can be calculated based on the pulse frequency. The period can be 10ms. Then, the period, the pulse frequency, and the number of pulses are used as a pulse signal. Then, the direction signal and the pulse signal are used as a drive signal. Finally, the drive signal is sent to the driver, which can drive the electric motor 4 to rotate to the target rotation angle and target rotation direction. Meanwhile, the control unit can detect the rotational position of the electric motor 4 in real time through the encoder, and dynamically adjust the drive signal according to the error between the target angle and the actual position, thereby realizing the adjustment of the opening ratio of the shearing cut.

[0075] The above-described optional embodiments, as an inventive point of this disclosure, solve the technical problem that "the vitrectomy surgery environment is complex (e.g., low-frequency equipment vibration, instrument friction noise, background noise), traditional voice control is easily interfered with, leading to information recognition failure or misoperation, affecting surgical efficiency; simultaneously, when a non-attending physician converses with the attending physician, the voice of the non-attending physician is misidentified, causing the vitrectomy head device to perform the opposite operation, thereby reducing the safety of the vitrectomy surgery." Factors leading to reduced safety in vitrectomy surgery often include: complex environmental noise (e.g., low-frequency equipment vibration, instrument friction noise, background noise), susceptibility to interference with traditional voice control leading to information recognition failure or misoperation, affecting surgical efficiency; and misidentification of the voice of the non-attending physician when conversing with the attending physician, causing the vitrectomy head device to perform the opposite operation, thereby reducing the safety of the vitrectomy surgery. Solving these factors can improve the safety of vitrectomy surgery. To achieve this effect, this disclosure uses a microphone array (combining directional and omnidirectional microphones) to collect user speech and environmental noise. An audio processing chip is then used for frequency domain decomposition, adaptive filtering, and deep learning noise reduction, significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Subsequently, voiceprint feature vectors are extracted, and high-precision voiceprint verification is performed based on cosine similarity to prevent misidentification of non-attending physician speech. Speech keywords are identified through a speech recognition model, and the parsed results are ultimately converted into device control signals, enabling complex voiceprint recognition in environmental noise and improving the safety and efficiency of vitrectomy surgery.

[0076] The vitrectomy head device disclosed herein can dynamically control the aspiration volume by adjusting the opening size of the cutting orifice through an adjustment mechanism. This allows it to meet the cutting needs of different lesions and improve surgical efficiency. Specifically, the reason for low surgical efficiency is that a vitrectomy head device with a fixed aspiration volume cannot meet the cutting needs of different lesions, leading to reduced surgical efficiency. Therefore, the vitrectomy head device disclosed herein includes: an outer tube, an inner tube, and an adjustment mechanism. The head end of the outer tube is sealed, and the side wall of the outer tube has a side opening. The inner tube is nested inside the outer tube, and one end of the inner tube has a cutting edge, which, together with the side opening, forms the cutting orifice. The aforementioned adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component and an execution component. The execution component includes a retraction limit adjustment block and an inner tube retraction stop block. The retraction limit adjustment block is adjacent to the inner tube retraction stop block. One end of the inner tube retraction stop block is fixedly embedded with the inner tube, and the other end is fixedly embedded with an inner tube drive rod. Within the inner tube retraction stop block, the inner tube is embedded in the inner tube drive rod, and the inner tube communicates with the inner tube drive rod. The inner tube drive rod is embedded in the retraction limit adjustment block and the base. The inner tube, the inner tube retraction stop block, the inner tube drive rod, and the retraction limit adjustment block are configured to move coaxially. The adjustment component engages with the retraction limit adjustment block. The aforementioned vitrectomy device features a larger opening on the outer tube side, and the opening size can be dynamically controlled by adjusting the aforementioned adjustment mechanism. When a more stable state is needed to cut the proliferating membrane on the retinal surface, the opening size can be reduced to achieve a cutting effect with less disturbance. When cutting the opaque vitreous humor in the center of the eyeball, the opening size can be increased to achieve higher surgical efficiency. Adjusting the opening size of the cutting device meets the cutting needs of different lesions, thus improving surgical efficiency.

[0077] The above description is merely a selection of preferred embodiments of this disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of this disclosure is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A glass cutting head device, characterized in that, The glass cutting head device includes: an outer tube, an inner tube, and an adjustment mechanism; The head end of the outer tube is sealed, and the side wall of the outer tube is provided with a side opening; The inner tube is nested inside the outer tube, and one end of the inner tube is provided with a cutting edge, which together with the side opening forms a shearing opening; The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component and an execution component. The execution component includes a retraction limit adjustment block and an inner tube retraction stop block. The retraction limit adjustment block is adjacent to the inner tube retraction stop block. One end of the inner tube retraction stop block is fixedly embedded with the inner tube, and the other end is fixedly embedded with an inner tube drive rod. The inner tube is embedded in the inner tube drive rod within the inner tube retraction stop block, and the inner tube communicates with the inner tube drive rod. The inner tube drive rod is embedded in the retraction limit adjustment block and the base. The inner tube, the inner tube retraction stop block, the inner tube drive rod, and the retraction limit adjustment block are configured to move along the same axis. The adjustment component engages with the retraction limit adjustment block; The adjustment assembly includes an electric motor, which is communicatively connected to an external device, including a surgical microscope, a main control unit, and a display unit. The surgical microscope is used to acquire images of the eye. The main control unit is communicatively connected to a driver of the electric motor and is configured to perform the following steps: The eye image is denoised to obtain a denoised image; The denoised image is then enhanced to obtain an enhanced image; Edge detection is performed on the enhanced image to obtain a contour image; The contour image is subjected to Hough transform to obtain the geometric feature information of the outer tube; The geometric feature information is subjected to morphological processing to obtain a refined outer tube profile; The refined outer tube profile is subjected to feature analysis to obtain a set of candidate point coordinates at the head end of the outer tube; Based on the set of candidate point coordinates at the head end of the outer tube, the head end coordinates of the outer tube are generated; The acquired three-dimensional voxel data is denoised to obtain denoised three-dimensional voxel data. The denoised three-dimensional voxel data is segmented using a pre-trained segmentation model to obtain a retinal surface point cloud. Multimodal data registration is performed based on the head-end coordinates and the retinal surface point cloud to obtain three-dimensional head-end coordinates; The nearest neighbor search process is performed on the three-dimensional head end coordinates to obtain the real-time three-dimensional spatial distance between the head end of the outer tube and the retina. In response to the real-time three-dimensional spatial distance being less than a preset safety parameter, a preset red icon, the real-time three-dimensional spatial distance, the current opening ratio, and the first preset suggested opening ratio are determined as warning information; in response to the real-time three-dimensional spatial distance being greater than or equal to the preset safety parameter, a preset green icon, the real-time three-dimensional spatial distance, the current opening ratio, and the second preset suggested opening ratio are determined as warning information. Control the display unit to display the warning information; In response to the detection of adjustment information input by the user, a drive signal is sent to the driver of the electric motor.

2. The glass cutting head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retraction limit adjustment block is provided with gear teeth, and the adjustment component includes a screwing device; The turning device includes a rolling wheel and a gear. The rolling wheel is fixedly connected to the gear. The rolling wheel is partially embedded in the groove of the base, and the outer surface of the rolling wheel is provided with anti-slip texture. The gear meshes with the gear teeth of the retraction limit adjustment block.

3. The glass cutting head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retraction limit adjustment block is provided with gear teeth, and the adjustment component also includes a gear; The electric motor is connected to the gear, and the gear meshes with the teeth of the retraction limit adjustment block.

4. The glass cutting head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism also includes a scale, which is an arc-shaped structure; The concave side of the scale is provided with gear teeth; The convex side of the scale is provided with scale bars; The teeth of the scale mesh with the adjusting component; The base is provided with a guide groove, which is configured to hold the scale.

5. The glass cutting head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retraction limit adjustment block includes an internal thread; One end of the base is provided with a hollow threaded post, and the outer surface of the threaded post is provided with external threads; The retraction limit adjustment block is connected to the base by a threaded engagement.

6. The glass cutting head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner tube drive rod is fixedly embedded in the piston, and the inner tube drive rod is configured to move coaxially with the piston. The base includes a first air passage and a second air passage, wherein the first air passage and the second air passage are configured to alternately carry in and out air; One end of the base is provided with a negative pressure source interface pipe. The inner tube drive rod passes through the first air passage and the second air passage and is embedded in the negative pressure source interface pipe. The negative pressure source interface pipe is in communication with the inside of the inner tube drive rod. The piston is disposed inside the base, and the piston is configured to isolate the first air passage and the second air passage; The piston is configured to be driven when air is introduced through the first air passage or the second air passage; The base is provided with a sealing ring, which is located inside the first air passage and the second air passage and is nested in the inner tube drive rod.

7. The glass cutting head device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The glass cutting head device also includes a housing, one end of which is fixedly nested with the outer tube, and the other end is connected to the base.

8. The glass cutting head device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer casing is provided with an observation hole, which is configured to observe the scale bars of the ruler.

9. The glass cutting head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism also includes an electronic display screen associated with the adjustment assembly, the electronic display screen being configured to display the stroke adjustment scale of the inner tube.

Images