Energy-saving type ammonia decomposition hydrogen production machine with compact structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a compact-structure energy-saving type ammonia decomposition hydrogen production machine, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen preparation, the compact-structure energy-saving type ammonia decomposition hydrogen production machine comprises a control system, a hydrogen output tank arranged on one side of the top of a bottom plate and located on one side of the control system, and an ammonia reaction tank arranged on one side of the top of the bottom plate and located on one side of the hydrogen output tank; a high-pressure adsorption tank body is arranged on the other side of the top of the placement bottom plate and located on one side of the ammonia gas reaction tank body, a cooling separation tank body is arranged on the other side of the top of the placement bottom plate and located on one side of the high-pressure adsorption tank body, and a drying separation tank body is arranged on the other side of the top of the placement bottom plate and located on one side of the cooling separation tank body; a high-pressure output side pipe is arranged at the top of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank body, a low-pressure circulation side pipe is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank body, and the high-pressure output side pipe and the low-pressure circulation side pipe are both communicated with the cooling separation tank body and the drying separation tank body. The device is compact in structure, small in occupied area, easy to operate and low in energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to the technical field of hydrogen production, and specifically relates to a compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator. Background Art

[0002] In current industrial production and energy applications, hydrogen, as a clean and efficient energy carrier, has an increasing demand. Traditional hydrogen production methods, such as water electrolysis for hydrogen production, although technically mature, have high energy consumption, high costs, and may be restricted by resources in some application scenarios. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore more economical and efficient hydrogen production technologies. Ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production, as an emerging hydrogen production technology, has attracted much attention due to its easily available raw materials, low costs, simple operation, and high hydrogen purity. Ammonia (NH3) undergoes a thermal decomposition reaction under the action of a catalyst to generate nitrogen and hydrogen. Through subsequent separation and purification steps, high-purity hydrogen can be obtained. However, existing ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment still has deficiencies in structural design and energy efficiency, such as large equipment volume, high energy consumption, unstable hydrogen purity, etc., which limit its popularization in practical applications.

[0003] An ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system provided according to application number CN202310220655.9 relates to the technical field of hydrogen production. This ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system includes: a liquid ammonia storage unit, a primary preheating unit, a secondary preheating unit, an ammonia decomposition unit, an ammonia adsorption unit, a hydrogen purification unit, and a hydrogen storage unit; the liquid ammonia storage unit provides liquid ammonia for the primary preheating unit, the secondary preheating unit is respectively connected to the ammonia decomposition unit and the ammonia adsorption unit, the gas distribution area of the secondary preheating unit and the air pipeline; the gas in the ammonia decomposition unit is transported into the primary preheating unit and then introduced into the ammonia adsorption unit; the outlet of the ammonia adsorption unit is respectively connected to the secondary preheating unit and the hydrogen purification unit; the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen purification unit is connected to the hydrogen storage unit, and the waste gas outlet is connected to the secondary preheating unit.

[0004] A compact ammonia decomposition reaction device and an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system provided according to application number CN202311679468.3. The compact ammonia decomposition reaction device includes a catalytic combustion unit, an ammonia decomposition unit, and a raw material gas pipe. The catalytic combustion unit has a first inner cavity, is provided with a catalytic combustion catalyst, and also has a first air inlet and a first air outlet communicating with the first inner cavity. The ammonia decomposition unit is arranged inside the catalytic combustion unit, has a second inner cavity, is provided with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, and also has a second air outlet communicating with the second inner cavity. The raw material gas pipe is arranged inside the ammonia decomposition unit, and the air inlet end is provided with a second air inlet, and the air outlet end extends to the inside of the ammonia decomposition unit and communicates with the second inner cavity. Among them, the first air inlet and the second air inlet are arranged at opposite ends of the compact ammonia decomposition reaction device.

[0005] Due to unreasonable design, traditional ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment has a large volume, occupies a lot of space, is not conducive to the installation and transportation of the equipment, and there are deficiencies in energy consumption in ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment, resulting in a high cost of hydrogen production. Existing ammonia decomposition hydrogen production equipment has deficiencies in energy consumption, resulting in a high cost of hydrogen production. In summary, a compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen production machine is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen production machine to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen production machine, including a placement bottom plate. One end of the top of the placement bottom plate is provided with a control system. One side of the top of the placement bottom plate and on the side of the control system is provided with a hydrogen output tank. One side of the top of the placement bottom plate and on the side of the hydrogen output tank is provided with an ammonia reaction tank. The other side of the top of the placement bottom plate and on the side of the ammonia reaction tank is provided with a high-pressure adsorption tank. The other side of the top of the placement bottom plate and on the side of the high-pressure adsorption tank is provided with a cooling and separation tank. The other side of the top of the placement bottom plate and on the side of the cooling and separation tank is provided with a drying and separation tank. The top of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank is provided with a high-pressure output side pipe, and the bottom of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank is provided with a low-pressure circulation side pipe. Both the high-pressure output side pipe and the low-pressure circulation side pipe are communicated with the cooling and separation tank and the drying and separation tank.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the ammonia reaction tanks is at least 2. The ammonia reaction tanks are arranged on one side of the top of the placement bottom plate in the same direction and are communicated through pipes on the side wall of one side of the top of the placement bottom plate.

[0010] Preferably, the side wall of the ammonia reaction tank close to the high-pressure adsorption tank is communicated with the bottom of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank through a pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is provided on the outer wall of the pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the other side wall of the drying and separation tank is communicated with the side wall of the hydrogen output tank through a pipe.

[0012] Preferably, an output interface is provided on the top of the hydrogen output tank, and the output interface is communicated with an external hydrogen collection and storage component.

[0013] Preferably, a first connecting thin pipe is provided on the top of the high-pressure output side pipe, and a second connecting thin pipe is provided on the side wall of the high-pressure output side pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the first connecting capillary tube is communicated with the connection outer tube I of the cooling and separation tank body and the drying and separation tank body, and a group of program control valves are arranged at the top of the connection outer tube I.

[0015] Preferably, the second connecting capillary tube is communicated with the connection outer tube I of the cooling and separation tank body and the drying and separation tank body, and a program control valve and a flowmeter are arranged at the bottom of one side wall of the connection outer tube I.

[0016] Preferably, the side wall of the low-pressure circulation side tube is provided with a first fine branch pipe and a second fine branch pipe from top to bottom, and a third fine branch pipe is arranged at the bottom of the low-pressure circulation side tube. The first fine branch pipe, the second fine branch pipe and the third fine branch pipe are all communicated with the connection outer tube II of the cooling and separation tank body and the drying and separation tank body.

[0017] Preferably, a pressure gauge is arranged at the end of the high-pressure output side tube.

[0018] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In the present invention, the overall structure is compact and the layout is reasonable, providing a stable ammonia decomposition environment. By the ammonia decomposition reaction, using liquid ammonia or gaseous ammonia as raw materials, high-efficiency and stable hydrogen production is realized; advanced technologies such as pressure swing adsorption separation, cooling separation and drying separation are adopted to ensure that the purity of the output hydrogen is ≥99.999%, meeting the demand for high-purity hydrogen;

[0020] Heat is recovered through the heat exchanger, improving the energy utilization efficiency, reducing the energy consumption. The equipment structure is designed compactly, with a small floor area, facilitating installation and transportation. The program control valves are controlled by a programmable controller to realize the automatic cycle of the adsorption and desorption processes, improving the stability and reliability of the equipment. It is applicable to various fields requiring high-purity hydrogen, such as electronics, metallurgy, chemical industry, etc., and has a broad market prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is the axonometric drawing of the overall structure of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 2 is the axonometric drawing of the overall structure of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 3 is the plan view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is the consumable material table of each model of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production machine of the present invention.

[0025] Description of the Drawings: 10. Mounting base plate; 11. Control system; 12. Hydrogen output tank; 121. Output interface; 13. Ammonia reaction tank; 14. High-pressure adsorption tank; 15. Cooling and separation tank; 16. Drying and separation tank; 161. First connecting outer pipe; 162. Second connecting outer pipe; 17. High-pressure output side pipe; 171. First connecting thin pipe; 172. Second connecting thin pipe; 18. Low-pressure circulation side pipe; 181. First thin branch pipe; 182. Second thin branch pipe; 183. Third thin branch pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment

[0028] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator includes a mounting base plate 10. One end of the top of the mounting base plate 10 is provided with a control system 11. On one side of the top of the mounting base plate 10 and on one side of the control system 11, there is a hydrogen output tank 12. On one side of the top of the mounting base plate 10 and on one side of the hydrogen output tank 12, there is an ammonia reaction tank 13. On the other side of the top of the mounting base plate 10 and on one side of the ammonia reaction tank 13, there is a high-pressure adsorption tank 14. On the other side of the top of the mounting base plate 10 and on one side of the high-pressure adsorption tank 14, there is a cooling and separation tank 15. On the other side of the top of the mounting base plate 10 and on one side of the cooling and separation tank 15, there is a drying and separation tank 16. The top of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank 14 is provided with a high-pressure output side pipe 17, and the bottom of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank 14 is provided with a low-pressure circulation side pipe 18. Both the high-pressure output side pipe 17 and the low-pressure circulation side pipe 18 are communicated with the cooling and separation tank 15 and the drying and separation tank 16.

[0029] The number of ammonia reaction tanks 13 is at least 2. The ammonia reaction tanks 13 are located on one side of the top of the mounting base plate 10 and are arranged in the same direction. The side walls on one side of the top of the mounting base plate 10 are communicated through pipes.

[0030] The side wall of the ammonia reaction tank 13 close to the high-pressure adsorption tank 14 is communicated with the bottom of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank 14 through a pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is provided on the outer wall of the pipe.

[0031] The other side wall of the drying and separation tank 16 is communicated with the side wall of the hydrogen output tank 12 through a pipe.

[0032] The top of the hydrogen output tank 12 is provided with an output interface 121, and the output interface 121 is communicated with an external hydrogen collection and storage component.

[0033] At the top of the high-pressure output side pipe 17, there is a first connecting thin pipe 171, and on the side wall of the high-pressure output side pipe 17, there is a second connecting thin pipe 172.

[0034] The first connecting thin pipe 171 is respectively communicated with the cooling and separation tank body 15 and the first connecting outer pipe 161 of the drying and separation tank body 16. A group of program-controlled valves are arranged at the top of the first connecting outer pipe 161.

[0035] The second connecting thin pipe 172 is communicated with the cooling and separation tank body 15 and the first connecting outer pipe 161 of the drying and separation tank body 16. A program-controlled valve and a flow meter are arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the first connecting outer pipe 161.

[0036] On the side wall of the low-pressure circulation side pipe 18, there are a first thin branch pipe 181 and a second thin branch pipe 182 from top to bottom. At the bottom of the low-pressure circulation side pipe 18, there is a third thin branch pipe 183. The first thin branch pipe 181, the second thin branch pipe 182, and the third thin branch pipe 183 are all communicated with the second connecting outer pipe 162 of the cooling and separation tank body 15 and the drying and separation tank body 16. A pressure gauge is arranged at the end of the high-pressure output side pipe 17.

[0037] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the working principle of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator is mainly based on the thermal decomposition reaction of ammonia gas (NH3) under the action of a catalyst, generating nitrogen and hydrogen.

[0038] The ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator uses ammonia gas to carry out a thermal decomposition reaction in the presence of a catalyst (nickel catalyst). The reaction equation is: 2NH3 → 3H2 + N2; that is, after every two ammonia molecules are decomposed, three hydrogen molecules and one nitrogen molecule will be generated.

[0039] Raw material supply: Liquid ammonia or gaseous ammonia is sent into the catalyst ammonia reaction tank body 13 of the ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator through a pipeline. The first ammonia reaction tank body 13 is provided with a heating pipe and a catalyst.

[0040] Heating and catalysis: The raw material ammonia gas, under the action of the nickel catalyst, and after being heated to a certain temperature, undergoes a decomposition reaction to generate hydrogen and nitrogen.

[0041] The mixed gas (hydrogen and nitrogen) generated by the reaction is sent into the second ammonia reaction tank body 13 for heat exchange. The high-temperature gas after decomposition enters the heat exchange stage. A heat exchanger is arranged in the second ammonia reaction tank body 13 to perform heat exchange with the gaseous ammonia entering the decomposition furnace, cooling the decomposed gas. At the same time, the gaseous ammonia recovers heat and is heated and then enters the decomposition furnace for decomposition, and then is transported into the high-pressure adsorption tank body 14.

[0042] The hydrogen-containing mixed gas enters the high-pressure adsorption tank body 14. The gas passes through the adsorbent bed layer in the high-pressure adsorption tank body 14 under pressure. The high-pressure adsorption tank body 14 is filled with an adsorbent for adsorbing impurities (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.) in the mixed gas. Based on the principle that the adsorbent is prone to adsorb high-boiling components (such as impurities like nitrogen and carbon dioxide) under the same pressure and is not prone to adsorb low-boiling components (hydrogen); when the high-pressure adsorption tank body is in a high-pressure state, hydrogen is adsorbed by the adsorbent, while the impurities are discharged through the low-pressure circulation side pipe. When it is necessary to desorb hydrogen, the pressure of the high-pressure adsorption tank body is reduced, so that the adsorbed hydrogen is desorbed and output through the high-pressure output side pipe.

[0043] The opening and closing of the program-controlled valve are controlled by a programming controller to realize the cycle of the adsorption and desorption processes, achieve the separation of hydrogen and impurity components, and extract qualified hydrogen.

[0044] The desorbed hydrogen and the discharged impurity gas enter the cooling and separation tank body 15 for cooling treatment, so that the moisture and other liquid impurities in the gas are condensed and separated. The reacted gas is forced to cool through the water cooler and condenser in the cooling and separation tank body 15, so that the moisture and possible other liquid impurities are condensed. The cooled gas enters the dryer in the drying and separation tank body 16 to further remove carbon dioxide and moisture.

[0045] In the drying and separation tank body 16, the cooled and separated gas enters the drying and separation tank body for further drying treatment. The drying and separation tank body 16 is filled with a desiccant (such as molecular sieve) for adsorbing the moisture and remaining impurities in the gas. The high-purity hydrogen after the drying and separation treatment enters the hydrogen output tank body 12 through a pipeline.

[0046] Hydrogen output: The purified hydrogen is transported to subsequent use equipment or storage systems.

[0047] The high-pressure adsorption tank body 14, the cooling and separation tank body 15, and the drying and separation tank body 16 of the present invention form a circulation system. The first connecting thin pipe 171 of the high-pressure output side pipe 17 is respectively communicated with the cooling and separation tank body 15 and the first connecting outer pipe 161 of the drying and separation tank body 16. A group of program-controlled valves are provided at the top of the first connecting outer pipe 161. The second connecting thin pipe 172 is communicated with the cooling and separation tank body 15 and the first connecting outer pipe 161 of the drying and separation tank body 16. A program-controlled valve and a flow meter are provided at the bottom of the side wall of the first connecting outer pipe 161.

[0048] The side wall of the low-pressure circulation side pipe 18 is provided with a first thin branch pipe 181 and a second thin branch pipe 182 from top to bottom. The bottom of the low-pressure circulation side pipe 18 is provided with a third thin branch pipe 183. The first thin branch pipe 181, the second thin branch pipe 182, and the third thin branch pipe 183 are all communicated with the second connecting outer pipe 162 of the cooling and separation tank body 15 and the drying and separation tank body 16.

[0049] Control system: used to control the operation of the entire hydrogen generator, including the temperature and pressure control of the ammonia reaction tank, the adsorption and desorption process control of the high-pressure adsorption tank, and the control of the cooling separation and drying separation processes, etc.

[0050] Electromagnetic valve: used to control the opening and closing of the pipeline to ensure the flow of gas at the correct time and path.

[0051] Program-controlled valve and flowmeter: used to accurately control the flow rate and flow direction of gas to ensure the stability and efficiency of the hydrogen production process.

[0052] Pressure gauge: used to monitor the pressure of the high-pressure output side pipe to ensure the safety and stability of the hydrogen production process.

[0053] A circulation system is composed of the high-pressure adsorption tank 14, the cooling separation tank 15, and the drying separation tank 16, and with the cooperation of the control of the electromagnetic valve, the program-controlled valve and the flowmeter, pressure swing adsorption separation, cooling separation, and drying separation can work cyclically to ensure that the purity of the output hydrogen is ≥99.999%.

[0054] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structurally compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator, comprising a placement base plate (10), characterized in that , at one end of the top of the placement base plate (10), a control system (11) is provided. On one side of the top of the placement base plate (10) and on one side of the control system (11), a hydrogen output tank (12) is provided. On one side of the top of the placement base plate (10) and on one side of the hydrogen output tank (12), an ammonia reaction tank (13) is provided. On the other side of the top of the placement base plate (10) and on one side of the ammonia reaction tank (13), a high-pressure adsorption tank (14) is provided. On the other side of the top of the placement base plate (10) and on one side of the high-pressure adsorption tank (14), a cooling and separation tank (15) is provided. On the other side of the top of the placement base plate (10) and on one side of the cooling and separation tank (15), a drying and separation tank (16) is provided. At the top of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank (14), a high-pressure output side pipe (17) is provided. At the bottom of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank (14), a low-pressure circulation side pipe (18) is provided. Both the high-pressure output side pipe (17) and the low-pressure circulation side pipe (18) are connected to the cooling and separation tank (15) and the drying and separation tank (16).

2. The compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator according to claim 1, wherein, The number of the ammonia reaction tanks (13) is at least 2. The ammonia reaction tanks (13) are located on one side of the top of the placement base plate (10) and are arranged in the same direction. The side walls on one side of the top of the placement base plate (10) are connected by pipes.

3. A compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen production machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side wall of the ammonia reaction tank (13) close to the high-pressure adsorption tank (14) is connected to the bottom of the side wall of the high-pressure adsorption tank (14) through a pipe. An electromagnetic valve is provided on the outer wall of the pipe.

4. A compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The other side wall of the drying and separation tank (16) is connected to the side wall of the hydrogen output tank (12) through a pipe.

5. A compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, An output interface (121) is provided at the top of the hydrogen output tank (12). The output interface (121) is connected to an external hydrogen collection and storage component.

6. The compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator according to claim 1, wherein, A first connecting thin pipe (171) is provided at the top of the high-pressure output side pipe (17). A second connecting thin pipe (172) is provided on the side wall of the high-pressure output side pipe (17).

7. The compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first connecting thin pipe (171) is respectively connected to the cooling and separation tank (15) and the connecting outer pipe one (161) of the drying and separation tank (16). A group of program-controlled valves are provided at the top of the connecting outer pipe one (161).

8. A compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second connecting thin pipe (172) is connected to the cooling and separation tank (15) and the connecting outer pipe one (161) of the drying and separation tank (16). A program-controlled valve and a flow meter are provided at the bottom of the side wall of the connecting outer pipe one (161).

9. The compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, First thin branch pipes (181) and second thin branch pipes (182) are provided on the side wall of the low-pressure circulation side pipe (18) from top to bottom. A third thin branch pipe (183) is provided at the bottom of the low-pressure circulation side pipe (18). The first thin branch pipes (181), the second thin branch pipes (182), and the third thin branch pipes (183) are all connected to the connecting outer pipe two (162) of the cooling and separation tank (15) and the drying and separation tank (16).

10. A compact and energy-saving ammonia decomposition hydrogen generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure gauge is provided at the end of the high-pressure output side pipe (17).

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