Double cropping rice machine transplanting side deep application special fertilizer based on full straw returning and application method of double cropping rice machine transplanting side deep application special fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a double cropping rice machine transplanting side deep application special fertilizer based on full straw returning and an application method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer technologies. The invention discloses a double cropping rice machine transplanting side deep application special fertilizer based on full straw returning. The fertilizer sequentially comprises an inner core, a first coating layer, a first fertilizer layer, a second coating layer and a second fertilizer layer from inside to outside, the first coating layer is a composite coating material formed by compounding polyurethane and triethylene tetramine according to the mass ratio of (1.5-2.5): 1; the second coating layer is a composite coating material formed by compounding polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose according to the mass ratio of (4-6): 1. The controlled release of the fertilizer is realized by using two layers of coating materials, the release period is 70 days, the long-acting, medium-acting and quick-acting reasonable configuration of nutrients is formed, the nutrient requirements in the growth period of rice are met, the yield increase of double cropping rice is effectively promoted, the fertilization frequency is reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and the fertilizer is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a special fertilizer for deep application on the side of double-season rice planted by machines based on returning all rice straw to the field, and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Double rice cropping refers to a rice-farming system in which two crops of rice are planted and harvested annually in the same paddy field. This practice is a crucial measure for ensuring national food security. It has played a positive role in increasing the multiple cropping index, fully utilizing agricultural resources, and significantly boosting grain production.

[0003] Deep side fertilization for rice involves accurately, quantitatively, and evenly applying fertilizer 4-6 cm to the sides of the rice seedlings and 3-5 cm deep during transplanting. This allows the fertilizer to slowly decompose in the soil, prolonging its effectiveness and significantly improving fertilizer utilization. This root-zone fertilization technique integrates mechanized transplanting and fertilization, achieving precise fertilization and reducing nutrient loss. It saves 20%-30% fertilizer compared to conventional fertilization and significantly reduces farmer labor. Deep side fertilization has revolutionized traditional fertilization methods. Compared to traditional surface broadcasting, this technique concentrates fertilizer application in the rhizosphere, increasing nutrient concentration there and facilitating root absorption. For the same yield, deep side fertilization can reduce fertilizer usage by 20%-30%, thereby lowering planting costs and increasing farmers' profits. It also reduces fertilizer pollution in surrounding waterways and improves the agricultural ecological environment. Through the application of rice side deep fertilization technology, the multiple goals of saving fertilizer, saving labor, increasing production and reducing pollution have been achieved.

[0004] Returning rice straw to the field refers to an agricultural production measure in which rice straw is directly chopped and evenly spread on the field after the rice is harvested, and then buried in the soil through plowing. This practice not only increases soil organic matter and improves soil structure, but also provides nutrients for subsequent crops, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, and thus reduces agricultural production costs. There are many rice-specific fertilizers in the prior art, but the following problems are common: conventional rice compound (mixed) fertilizers require multiple applications and are not suitable for one-time application as machine-transplanted fertilizers, otherwise fertilizer shortages will occur in the middle and late stages. Traditional slow-release fertilizers, when applied as machine-transplanted fertilizers, will not release enough nutrients in the early stages, resulting in early fertilizer shortages that affect early growth. This is especially prone to early fertilizer shortages when the entire amount of rice straw is returned to the field. Therefore, in order to meet the need for one-time deep-side fertilization during machine-transplanted rice under the condition of full rice straw return, it is urgently necessary to develop a double-season rice machine-transplanted deep-side fertilization fertilizer in double-season rice areas based on the climatic characteristics and nutrient absorption patterns of early and late rice. This fertilizer can be applied once at the side during machine-transplanting and can ensure the nutrient needs of the rice throughout its growth. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice based on full straw return to the field. The fertilizer of the present invention can meet the requirements of side deep fertilization of rice and the nutrient requirements of the whole growth period of rice under the condition of full straw return to the field.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice based on full straw return to the field, which sequentially includes an inner core, a first coating layer, a first fertilizer layer, a second coating layer, and a second fertilizer layer from the inside to the outside;

[0008] The first fertilizer layer includes a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the inner core and the second fertilizer layer include a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and zinc fertilizer;

[0009] The first coating layer is a composite coating material composed of polyurethane and triethylenetetramine compounded in a mass ratio of 1.5-2.5:1;

[0010] The second coating layer is a composite coating material composed of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose compounded in a mass ratio of 4-6:1.

[0011] Preferably, in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the early rice special fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 18-22:9-11:14-16; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the late rice special fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 20-24:5-7:18-20. N comes from urea and ammonium phosphate, P2O5 comes from ammonium phosphate, K2O comes from one or more of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate; the zinc fertilizer comes from zinc sulfate.

[0012] Preferably, in the early rice special fertilizer, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer and the second fertilizer layer is 5-6:9-12:15-20; in the late rice special fertilizer, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer and the second fertilizer layer is 3-5:10-12:20-25.

[0013] Preferably, the content of zinc fertilizer in the inner core is 1-2% of the total mass of the inner core, and the content of zinc fertilizer in the second fertilizer layer is 2-3% of the total mass of the second fertilizer layer.

[0014] Preferably, the thicknesses of the first coating layer and the second coating layer are independently 0.3-0.5 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the particle size of the special fertilizer is 3-5 mm, and the total nutrient content is 45-50%.

[0016] The slow-release period of the special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice in the present invention is 70 days. The outer fertilizer (the second layer of fertilizer) is mainly released during the green-recovery and tillering period to meet the nutrient requirements in the early growth stage of rice. The second coated fertilizer (the first layer of fertilizer) is mainly released during the young panicle differentiation and development period of rice to meet the nutrient requirements in the middle growth stage of rice. The first coated fertilizer (the inner core layer of fertilizer) is mainly released during the filling period for the absorption and utilization of rice in the late growth stage. Nutrients are precisely released according to the requirements of different growth stages of rice, meeting the nutrient requirements of double-season rice throughout the growth period.

[0017] The present invention also provides a preparation method of the special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) Using a granulator to produce granular fertilizer inner cores.

[0019] (2) Preheating the inner cores to 60 - 70 °C, spraying polyurethane and triethylenetetramine onto the surface of the inner cores to form an inner coating layer, obtaining fertilizer inner cores coated with the first coating layer.

[0020] (3) Mixing the fertilizer inner cores coated with the first coating layer with the raw materials of the first fertilizer layer, and using a granulator to produce, obtaining fertilizer inner cores coated with the first fertilizer layer.

[0021] (4) Dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose in water, spraying them on the fertilizer inner cores coated with the first fertilizer layer, obtaining fertilizer inner cores coated with the second coating layer.

[0022] (5) Mixing the fertilizer inner cores coated with the second coating layer with the second fertilizer layer, and using a granulator to produce, thus obtaining the product.

[0023] The present invention provides an application method of the special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice. The fertilizer is side deep applied and buried in the soil at a distance of 4 - 6 cm from the seedling and a depth of 3 - 5 cm, and the application amount is 40 - 50 kg / mu.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice based on the full amount return of rice straw includes an inner core, a first coating layer, a first fertilizer layer, a second coating layer, and a second fertilizer layer from the inside to the outside. The first coating layer is a composite coating material composed of polyurethane and triethylenetetramine compounded at a mass ratio of 1.5 - 2.5:1. The second coating layer is a composite coating material composed of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose compounded at a mass ratio of 4 - 6:1. The present invention realizes the controlled release of fertilizer by using coating materials, with a release period of 70 days, forming a reasonable configuration of long-term, medium-term, and quick-acting nitrogen, meeting the nutrient requirements during the growth period of rice, effectively promoting the yield increase of double-season rice, reducing the number of fertilization times, improving economic benefits, and being suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Specific embodiments

[0025] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The special fertilizer for machine-inserted side-dressing of double-season rice based on full straw return to the field includes, from the inside to the outside, an inner core, a first coating layer, a first fertilizer layer, a second coating layer, and a second fertilizer layer in sequence; the first fertilizer layer includes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the inner core and the second fertilizer layer include nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, the content of zinc fertilizer in the inner core is 1% of the total mass of the inner core, and the content of zinc fertilizer in the second fertilizer layer is 2% of the total mass of the second fertilizer layer.

[0028] The first coating layer is a composite coating material compounded by polyurethane and triethylenetetramine in a mass ratio of 1.5:1; the second coating layer is a composite coating material compounded by polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose in a mass ratio of 4:1.

[0029] In the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for early rice, the total nutrient is 45%, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 20-10-15; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for late rice, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 20-6-19. In the special fertilizer for early rice, the mass ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer, and the second fertilizer layer is 1:5:16; in the special fertilizer for late rice, the mass ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer, and the second fertilizer layer is 3:10:20. The thickness of both the first coating layer and the second coating layer is 0.3 mm, and the particle size of the special fertilizer is 3-5 mm.

[0030] Preparation method:

[0031] (1) Use a granulator to produce granular fertilizer inner core;

[0032] (2) Preheat the inner core to 60 °C, spray polyurethane and triethylenetetramine on the surface of the inner core to form an inner coating layer, and obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the first coating layer;

[0033] (3) Mix the fertilizer inner core coated with the first coating layer with the raw materials of the first fertilizer layer, and use a granulator to produce, to obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the first fertilizer layer;

[0034] (4) Dissolve polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose in water, and spray it on the fertilizer inner core coated with the first fertilizer layer to obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the second coating layer; the mass ratio of the sum of the masses of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose to the mass of water is 1:8.

[0035] (5) Mix the fertilizer inner core coated with the second coating layer with the second fertilizer layer, and use a granulator to mix and form, then it is obtained.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The special fertilizer for machine-inserted side-dressing of double-season rice based on full straw incorporation into the field successively includes an inner core, a first coating layer, a first fertilizer layer, a second coating layer, and a second fertilizer layer from the inside to the outside; the first fertilizer layer includes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the inner core and the second fertilizer layer include nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, the content of zinc fertilizer in the inner core is 2% of the total mass of the inner core, and the content of zinc fertilizer in the second fertilizer layer is 3% of the total mass of the second fertilizer layer.

[0038] The first coating layer is a composite coating material composed of polyurethane and triethylenetetramine compounded in a mass ratio of 2:1; the second coating layer is a composite coating material composed of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose compounded in a mass ratio of 5:1.

[0039] In the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for early rice, the total nutrient content is 48%, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 22-10-16; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for late rice, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 22-6-20. In the special fertilizer for early rice, the mass ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer, and the second fertilizer layer is 1.5:5.5:18; in the special fertilizer for late rice, the mass ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer, and the second fertilizer layer is 4:11:23. The thicknesses of both the first coating layer and the second coating layer are 0.3 mm, and the particle size of the special fertilizer is 3-5 mm.

[0040] Preparation method:

[0041] (1) Use a granulator to produce granular fertilizer inner core;

[0042] (2) Preheat the inner core to 65 °C, spray polyurethane and triethylenetetramine on the surface of the inner core to form an inner coating layer, and obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the first coating layer;

[0043] (3) Mix the fertilizer inner core coated with the first coating layer with the raw materials of the first fertilizer layer, and use a granulator to produce, to obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the first fertilizer layer;

[0044] (4) Dissolve polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose in water, and spray them on the fertilizer inner core coated with the first fertilizer layer to obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the second coating layer; the mass ratio of the sum of the masses of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose to the mass of water is 1:9.

[0045] (5) Mix the fertilizer inner core coated with the second coating layer with the second fertilizer layer, and use a granulator to synthesize and form, then it is obtained.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] The special fertilizer for machine-inserted side-dressing of double-season rice based on full straw return to the field comprises, from the inside to the outside, an inner core, a first coating layer, a first fertilizer layer, a second coating layer, and a second fertilizer layer; the first fertilizer layer comprises nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the inner core and the second fertilizer layer comprise nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, the content of zinc fertilizer in the inner core is 2% of the total mass of the inner core, and the content of zinc fertilizer in the second fertilizer layer is 3% of the total mass of the second fertilizer layer.

[0048] The first coating layer is a composite coating material composed of polyurethane and triethylenetetramine in a mass ratio of 2.5:1; the second coating layer is a composite coating material composed of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose in a mass ratio of 6:1.

[0049] In the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for early rice, the total nutrient content is 51%, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 23-11-17; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for late rice, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 25-6-20. In the special fertilizer for early rice, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer, and the second fertilizer layer is 2:6:20; in the special fertilizer for late rice, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer, and the second fertilizer layer is 5:12:25. The thickness of both the first coating layer and the second coating layer is 0.3 mm, and the particle size of the special fertilizer is 3-5 mm.

[0050] Preparation method:

[0051] (1) Use a granulator to produce granular fertilizer inner core;

[0052] (2) Preheat the inner core to 70 °C, spray polyurethane and triethylenetetramine on the surface of the inner core to form an inner coating layer, and obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the first coating layer;

[0053] (3) Mix the fertilizer inner core coated with the first coating layer with the raw materials of the first fertilizer layer, and use a granulator to produce, to obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the first fertilizer layer;

[0054] (4) Dissolve polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose in water, and spray it on the fertilizer inner core coated with the first fertilizer layer to obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the second coating layer; the mass ratio of the sum of the masses of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose to the mass of water is 1:8-10.

[0055] (5) Mix the fertilizer inner core coated with the second coating layer with the second fertilizer layer, and use a granulator to synthesize and form, then it is obtained.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The difference from Example 2 is that the polyurethane in the first coating layer is replaced with an equal mass of phenolic epoxy resin.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] Different from Example 2, in the first coating layer, the mass ratio of polyurethane to triethylenetetramine is 5:1.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] Different from Example 2, in the second coating layer, the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to methylcellulose is 6:1.

[0062] Experimental Example

[0063] The experiment was carried out in Linchuan District, Jiangxi Province in 2023. The early rice was Lingliangyou 1785 and the late rice was Yuliangyou 8. The fertilizers in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were applied respectively as the base fertilizer by machine transplanting and side deep application at one time, and the conventional fertilization of farmers was used as the control. Conventional fertilization: Base fertilizer: Conventional compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40 kg / mu; Tillering fertilizer: Urea 7.5 kg / mu; Panicle fertilizer: Urea 7.5 kg / mu, potassium chloride 7.5 kg / mu. The plots were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates, and the plot area was 120 m 2 .

[0064] The early rice was sown on March 25, with a seeding rate of 80 g / tray, transplanted on April 18, and machine transplanted using a Yanmar YA60DZF rice side deep fertilization and machine transplanting integrated machine. The planting row and plant spacing were 30 cm × 14 cm, the fertilization amount was 50 kg / mu, and the fertilizer was side deep buried in the soil 5 cm away from the seedlings and 5 cm deep. The early rice was harvested on July 16, and the straw was returned to the field in full amount. The late rice was sown on June 28, with a seeding rate of 60 g / tray, the plot was rotary tilled on July 18, and the late rice was transplanted on July 19. The transplanting density, fertilization amount, and fertilization method of the late rice were the same as those of the early rice. After harvesting the late rice, the effects of different treatment groups on the rice yield were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1 Yields of early rice with machine transplanting and side deep fertilization in different treatment groups

[0066]

[0067] Table 2 Yields of late rice with machine transplanting and side deep fertilization in different treatment groups

[0068]

[0069] As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, the special fertilizer for double-season rice machine transplanting and side deep application based on full straw return to the field of the present invention can effectively promote the yield increase of double-season rice, reduce the number and amount of fertilization, and the effect is better than that of the comparative examples, which is beneficial to the development of the whole process mechanization of rice and improves the economic benefits.

[0070] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a special fertilizer for machine-inserted side deep application of double-season rice based on full straw return to the field and a method for applying the same. The special fertilizer for machine-inserted side deep application of double-season rice and the application method of the present invention can meet the nutrient requirements of double-season rice at each growth stage and can effectively promote the yield increase of double-season rice.

[0071] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice based on full straw return to the field, characterized in that, It sequentially includes an inner core, a first coating layer, a first fertilizer layer, a second coating layer, and a second fertilizer layer from the inside to the outside; The first fertilizer layer includes a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; the inner core and the second fertilizer layer include a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and zinc fertilizer; The first coating layer is a composite coating material prepared by compounding polyurethane and triethylenetetramine in a mass ratio of 1.5 - 2.5:1; The second coating layer is a composite coating material prepared by compounding polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose in a mass ratio of 4 - 6:

1.

2. The special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the early rice special fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 18 - 22:9 - 11:14 - 16; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the late rice special fertilizer, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient ratio is 20 - 24:5 - 7:18 - 20.

3. The special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice according to claim 2, characterized in that In the early rice special fertilizer, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer, and the second fertilizer layer is 1 - 2:5 - 6:16 - 20; in the late rice special fertilizer, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the inner core, the first fertilizer layer, and the second fertilizer layer is 3 - 5:10 - 12:20 - 25.

4. The special fertilizer for machine-inserted side deep application of double-season rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, The content of zinc fertilizer in the inner core is 1 - 2% of the total mass of the inner core, and the content of zinc fertilizer in the second fertilizer layer is 2 - 3% of the total mass of the second fertilizer layer.

5. The special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice according to claim 1, wherein The thicknesses of the first coating layer and the second coating layer are independently 0.3 - 0.5 mm.

6. The special fertilizer for machine transplanting and side deep application of double-season rice according to claim 1, wherein The particle size of the special fertilizer is 3 - 5 mm, and the total nutrient content is 45 - 50%.

7. The preparation method of the special fertilizer for machine-inserted side deep application of double-season rice according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Using a granulator to produce granular fertilizer inner cores; (2) Preheating the inner core to 60 - 70 °C, spraying polyurethane and triethylenetetramine onto the surface of the inner core to form an inner coating layer, and obtaining a fertilizer inner core coated with the first coating layer; (3) Mixing the fertilizer inner core coated with the first coating layer with the raw materials of the first fertilizer layer and using a granulator to produce a fertilizer inner core coated with the first fertilizer layer; (4) Dissolving polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose in water and spraying them on the fertilizer inner core coated with the first fertilizer layer to obtain a fertilizer inner core coated with the second coating layer; (5) Mixing the fertilizer inner core coated with the second coating layer with the second fertilizer layer and using a granulator to produce it.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein The mass ratio of the sum of the masses of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose to the mass of water is 1:8 - 10.

9. The application method of the special fertilizer for machine-inserted side deep application of double-season rice according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Deeply applying the fertilizer on the side of the seedling into the soil at a distance of 4 - 6 cm from the seedling and a depth of 3 - 5 cm, and the application rate is 40 - 50 kg per mu.

Images