Special biological fertilizer for flos osmanthi fragrantis and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a special biological fertilizer for osmanthus fragrans flower and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological fertilizers. The special biological fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 65% of rape seed cakes, 10% of dry branches and fallen leaves, 0.4% of nano silicon, 5% of seaweed extract, 15% of bone meal, 3.4% of potassium sulfate, 1% of trace elements and 0.2% of growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The biological fertilizer is inoculated to osmanthus fragrans cutting seedlings, and results show that the plant height and the crown breadth of a biological fertilizer group are obviously higher than those of a control group from the second month. The biological fertilizer is inoculated to 2-3-year-old healthy sweet osmanthus seedlings, and results show that the biological fertilizer group is obviously higher than the control group 15 days after first fertilization. The biological fertilizer is inoculated to healthy plants with similar growth conditions of the same sweet-scented osmanthus variety, and results show that the biological fertilizer significantly improves the inflorescence number (+ 50%) of a single sweet-scented osmanthus plant and the flower number (+ 45%) of a single inflorescence; the flower development period is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of biological fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance, its preparation method and application. Background Art

[0002] Osmanthus is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. It not only has extremely high ornamental value, but also its flowers can be used in fields such as food processing, spice extraction, and tea production, with significant economic value. With the development of landscape construction and the rise of osmanthus-related industries, the market demand for osmanthus continues to climb, especially for high-quality osmanthus plants with numerous and fragrant flowers and a long flowering period. The number and quality of osmanthus flowers are affected by various factors, and the reasonable application of fertilizers is one of the key links.

[0003] Currently, during the cultivation of osmanthus, traditional fertilization methods mainly rely on the application of chemical fertilizers, such as urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, etc. Although chemical fertilizers can provide a large amount of nutrients for osmanthus in the short term to meet its growth needs, the long-term single use of chemical fertilizers will lead to soil compaction, salinization, damage the soil microbial community structure, reduce soil fertility and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and thus affect the normal growth and nutrient absorption of osmanthus roots. In addition, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers is also likely to cause excessive vegetative growth of osmanthus, excessive growth of branches and leaves while inhibiting flower bud differentiation, resulting in fewer flowers, smaller flowers, and lighter fragrance. At the same time, it will also increase the risk of environmental pollution, causing problems such as water eutrophication and soil heavy metal accumulation.

[0004] Some growers also use ordinary organic fertilizers or compound fertilizers, but these fertilizers lack a nutritional formula targeting the flowering characteristics of osmanthus and cannot accurately meet the special requirements of osmanthus for elements such as phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc, etc., as well as organic matter and microbial active substances during key periods such as flower bud differentiation, flower bud development, and flowering, making it difficult to achieve the goal of osmanthus flower abundance. Therefore, developing a special biological fertilizer that can improve the soil environment, promote osmanthus flower bud differentiation and flower bud development, and increase the number and quality of flowers, and exploring its efficient preparation method and application approach have important practical significance for promoting the sustainable development of the osmanthus industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are to provide a special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance. Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is also to provide the application of the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance, which is used for the restoration of tree vigor and flower abundance after topworking.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance, which is composed of raw materials with the following mass percentages: 65% rapeseed cake, 10% withered branches and fallen leaves, 0.4% nano-silicon, 5% seaweed extract, 15% bone meal, 3.4% potassium sulfate, 1% trace elements, 0.2% plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

[0008] The preparation method of the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance is as follows: The rapeseed cake and withered branches and fallen leaves are sealed and fermented at 60°C 3 days in advance; after fermentation is completed, 65% rapeseed cake, 10% withered branches and fallen leaves, 0.4% nano-silicon, 5% seaweed extract, 15% bone meal, 3.4% potassium sulfate, 1% trace elements are mixed evenly and then sealed and fermented at 60°C for 7 - 10 days; after fermentation is completed, 0.2% plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are added, the humidity is maintained at 50%, and the bacteria group is activated by activating for 60 hours.

[0009] The bone meal is powder made by crushing animal bones after high-temperature steaming, degreasing and drying.

[0010] The trace elements are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

[0011] The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are Pseudomonas vancouverensis and Bacillus megaterium.

[0012] The application of the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance in promoting the plant height growth of plants.

[0013] The application of the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance in promoting the growth of new branches of plants.

[0014] The application of the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance in regulating the number of inflorescences per plant of plants.

[0015] The application of the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance in regulating the number of flowers in a single inflorescence of plants.

[0016] The application of the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance in regulating the flower development cycle of plants.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] 1) 65% rapeseed cake, 10% withered branches and fallen leaves, 0.4% nano-silicon, 5% seaweed extract, 15% bone meal, 3.4% potassium sulfate, 1% trace elements are mixed evenly and then sealed and fermented at 60°C for 7 - 10 days; after fermentation is completed, 0.2% plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are added, the humidity is maintained at 50%, and the bacteria group is activated by activating for 60 hours; the special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance is prepared.

[0019] 2) The special biological fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance is inoculated on osmanthus cuttings. The results show that the plant height and crown width of the biological fertilizer group are significantly higher than those of the control group since the second month, and the increase rates at 6 months reach 29.6% and 29.5%, and the effect is obvious.

[0020] 3) The special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance was inoculated on healthy osmanthus seedlings aged 2 - 3 years. The results showed that, compared with the length of new branches of osmanthus without fertilizer application and with bio-fertilizer application, the bio-fertilizer group was significantly higher than the control group from 15 days after the first fertilization, with an increase of 25.6%, and the effect was obvious.

[0021] 4) The special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance was inoculated on healthy plants of the same osmanthus variety, with a tree age of 3 years, similar plant height and crown width. The results showed that the bio-fertilizer significantly increased the number of inflorescences per plant of osmanthus (+50%) and the number of flowers per inflorescence (+45%). The results showed that the microorganisms in the fertilizer promoted nutrient absorption and enhanced photosynthesis. The full bloom period was extended by 5.5 days (BF group). The results showed that the slow-release nutrient characteristics of the bio-fertilizer extended the flower development cycle. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified in detail, the technical means used are all conventional means well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0023] The nano-silicon, seaweed extract, bone meal, potassium sulfate, trace elements, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria used in this application are all purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] 1. Formula of the special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance

[0026] The special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance is composed of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 65% rapeseed cake, 10% withered branches and leaves, 0.4% nano-silicon, 5% seaweed extract, 15% bone meal (powder made from animal bones (such as slaughter waste of pig bones, sheep bones, cattle bones, etc.) after high-temperature cooking, degreasing, and drying), 3.4% potassium sulfate, 1% trace elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), 0.2% plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: Pseudomonas vancouverensis and Bacillus megaterium.

[0027] 2. Preparation of the special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance

[0028] The rapeseed cake and withered branches and leaves are sealed and fermented at 60°C 3 days in advance; after fermentation is completed, 65% rapeseed cake, 10% withered branches and leaves, 0.4% nano-silicon, 5% seaweed extract, 15% bone meal, 3.4% potassium sulfate, and 1% trace elements are evenly mixed and then sealed and fermented at 60°C for 7 - 10 days; after fermentation is completed, 0.2% plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are added, the humidity is maintained at 50%, and the bacteria are activated for 60 hours. The special fertilizer for osmanthus flower blooming after production is a solid fertilizer and can be stored at normal temperature in the dark. Each time it is used, the fertilizer and water need to be diluted at a ratio of 1:100.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] Select osmanthus cutting seedlings (cultivar is orange osmanthus) cultivated in the same batch, ensure that the seedlings are healthy without pests and diseases, and the initial plant height is concentrated in the range of 30±2 cm and the crown width is 20±1 cm. Transplant 60 seedlings into flower pots of the same specification (diameter 25 cm, height 30 cm), fill the pots with an equal amount of mixed substrate (humus soil:perlite = 3:1), and place them in the greenhouse for adaptive maintenance for 2 weeks. During this period, keep the soil humidity at 60% (calibrated by a soil moisture meter), control the temperature at 25±2°C, and simulate natural conditions for the light cycle (12 hours of light / 12 hours of darkness) to eliminate the impact of transplanting stress on subsequent experiments.

[0031] After the adaptive maintenance is over, baseline measurements are taken for all seedlings, and the initial plant height and crown width data are recorded. Using a completely randomized design, 60 osmanthus plants are divided into a control group (CK) and a treatment group (BF), with 30 plants in each group. To reduce positional deviation, the two groups of plants are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in the greenhouse, with a spacing of 50 cm between each pot to ensure uniform light. Each group of plants is labeled (CK-01 to CK-30, BF-01 to BF-30), and corresponding files are established in the record form.

[0032] The control group is watered once every 3 days, and the amount of water for each watering is 500 mL of clear water (the water temperature is the same as the room temperature), keeping the soil humidity at 60%; on the basis of the same watering frequency and amount, the treatment group is additionally applied with a biological fertilizer solution once every 14 days (the ratio of fertilizer to water is 1:100). Each plant is applied with 200 mL of fertilizer solution (prepared in advance) each time, and it is slowly poured along the edge of the pot to avoid flushing the roots. The fertilization time is uniformly arranged at 9 - 10 am, with an interval of at least 48 hours from the clear water watering.

[0033] Since the start date, the plant height and crown width are measured on the 1st of each month. When measuring the plant height, the tape measure is perpendicular to the ground, and it is measured from the surface of the potting soil along the main stem to the tip of the apical bud, and the reading is accurate to millimeters. If the apical bud is bent, it is gently straightened before measurement; for the crown width measurement, a vernier caliper is used, and the maximum crown diameters in the east-west and north-south directions are recorded respectively, and the average value of the two measurements is taken as the final crown width value. All measurements are completed by the same operator, and the tools are calibrated before measurement to avoid human errors.

[0034] As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, the plant height and crown width of the bio-fertilizer group were significantly higher than those of the control group since the second month, and the increase rates reached 29.6% and 29.5% at 6 months, with obvious effects.

[0035] Comparison of the plant height of Osmanthus fragrans with no fertilizer applied (CK) and this product applied (BF) in Table 1

[0036] Month Control group (CK) Treatment group (BF) Significance (p - value) 0 30.0±1.2 30.1±1.1 - 1 32.5±1.5 33.8±1.6 0.08 2 35.2±1.8 38.5±2.0 <0.05 3 38.0±2.1 43.2±2.4 <0.01 4 40.5±2.3 48.7±2.7 <0.001 5 42.8±2.5 53.6±3.0 <0.001 6 44.2±2.6 57.3±3.2 <0.001

[0037] Comparison of the crown width of Osmanthus fragrans with no fertilizer applied (CK) and this product applied (BF) in Table 2

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Example 3

[0041] Select 2-3-year-old healthy Osmanthus fragrans seedlings with consistent growth conditions, requiring the plants to be free of pests and diseases, with similar tree height, crown width and trunk thickness, and the total sample size to be no less than 30 plants. The selected Osmanthus fragrans seedlings are planted in the ground, and it is necessary to ensure that the soil type, pH value and basic fertility of the planting plot are consistent, and the soil is turned over and leveled in advance. After transplantation, all plants are adapted for 2 weeks under the same environmental conditions (outdoor or greenhouse), during which only appropriate watering is provided (keeping the soil moist but without waterlogging), and no fertilizer is applied. After the adaptation period, select 3-5 healthy bud points that have not germinated on the main trunk of each Osmanthus fragrans plant, mark them with waterproof labels as the observation objects, and record the initial bud point positions and the lengths of the original branches on the main trunk as the baseline data.

[0042] Randomly divide 30 Osmanthus fragrans seedlings into a control group (CK) and a treatment group (BF), with 15 plants in each group. After grouping, it is necessary to verify by statistical methods (such as independent sample T-test) that there are no significant differences in the initial height, crown width, number of bud points and other parameters between the two groups of plants to ensure the comparability between groups.

[0043] The treatment group (BF) conducts the first fertilization before the new buds germinate in spring (around mid-March), selects a bio-fertilizer, and dilutes the fertilizer into a liquid fertilizer at a ratio of 1:100 (it needs to be prepared in advance). Dig a circular groove about 5 cm deep around the roots of each Osmanthus fragrans plant, evenly irrigate 500 mL of the fertilizer solution, then cover the soil and pour a small amount of clear water to promote penetration. Thereafter, repeat the topdressing of the same dose of bio-fertilizer every 30 days, and apply the fertilizer continuously 3 times (i.e., once in March, April and May). The control group (CK) irrigates the same amount of clear water at the same time and in the same position, and other operations are exactly the same as those of the experimental group. All fertilization or watering processes need to avoid rainy days to prevent the loss of fertilizer efficiency.

[0044] Two groups of plants need to be placed under the same light, temperature, and humidity conditions (for open-field planting, it is necessary to ensure that there is no shading difference in adjacent plots; for greenhouse planting, the environmental parameters need to be uniformly regulated). Record the temperature, humidity, light duration, and rainfall (under open-field conditions) daily. The soil humidity should be maintained at 60 - 70% (which can be monitored by an inserted soil moisture meter). Watering is carried out in a timed and quantitative manner to avoid differences caused by human interference. If pests and diseases are found, the two groups of plants need to be treated synchronously with the same type and dosage of biological pesticides, and the use of chemical pesticides is strictly prohibited.

[0045] Since the first observation of new shoot germination (around early April), measure the length of the new shoots growing from the marked bud points every 15 days. When measuring, use a vernier caliper with a precision of 0.1 cm, measure from the junction of the lignified part and the newly grown green part at the base of the new shoot to the apical growth point, and keep the measurement direction consistent with the extension direction of the shoot. All data need to be independently recorded by two people and cross-checked. Summarize the new shoot length data at all measurement time points, and exclude invalid samples caused by accidental damage or death. Calculate the average new shoot length of each group of plants at each time point. If the new shoots of the experimental group are significantly longer than those of the control group, it can be preliminarily proved that the biological fertilizer has a growth-promoting effect.

[0046] The results are shown in Table 3. When comparing the new shoot lengths of osmanthus trees without fertilization and those with biological fertilizer application, the biological fertilizer group has been significantly higher than the control group since 15 days after the first fertilization, with an increase of 25.6%, and the effect is obvious.

[0047] Table 3 Comparison of new shoot lengths of osmanthus trees without fertilization (CK) and with the application of this product (BF)

[0048]

[0049] Example 4

[0050] Select 30 healthy plants of the same osmanthus variety (‘Jin Gui’), with a tree age of 3 years, a plant height of (1.2 ± 0.1 m), and similar crown widths, and ensure that the plants are free of pests and diseases and have the same growth status. Transplant all the plants into flowerpots with a diameter of 40 cm and a depth of 50 cm, and uniformly use sandy loam with a pH of 6.3.

[0051] There are 10 plants in the control group (CK), which are only watered without fertilization; there are 10 plants in the biological fertilizer group (BF), which are prepared in advance according to the formula with a ratio of fertilizer to water of 1:100. All the plants are placed in a greenhouse, and the environmental conditions are controlled to be the same, including 8 hours of light per day (supplemented with supplementary lights when natural light is insufficient), a temperature of 15 - 28°C, and a humidity of 60 - 75%. The flowerpots are randomly arranged to eliminate the influence of position differences on the results.

[0052] One week before transplantation, for each osmanthus tree in the biological fertilizer group, uniformly mix 200 grams of biological organic fertilizer into the soil 20 cm deep at the surface layer of the flowerpot, and the control group is not treated with anything.

[0053] During the growth period of osmanthus (from March to September), additional fertilization was carried out once a month for the bio-fertilizer group, with 50 grams of bio-organic fertilizer applied to each plant. When fertilizing, dig a circular shallow ditch 10 cm away from the main trunk, evenly spread the fertilizer into the ditch, then cover the soil and water it to ensure that the fertilizer contacts the roots. The control group only watered during the same period without adding any fertilizer. Daily management: All plants were watered twice a week, 500 ml each time. The soil moisture was monitored using a soil moisture meter and maintained at about 60%. If pests and diseases were found, low-toxic biological pesticides (such as Bacillus thuringiensis) were sprayed uniformly to avoid using chemical pesticides to interfere with the experimental results. Weeds were removed regularly to keep the environment around the plants clean.

[0054] Flower bud differentiation period (July - August): Mark the newly formed flower buds at the base of the branches, count the total number of flower buds per plant, and record the flower bud development status (such as swelling, differentiation progress) every 10 days.

[0055] Full bloom period (September - October): Start counting the flower quantity indicators when the flowers are fully open:

[0056] Number of inflorescences per plant: Manually count the total number of all open inflorescences per plant to avoid missing or double-counting; Number of flowers per inflorescence: Randomly select 5 complete inflorescences per plant, count the number of flowers on each inflorescence one by one, and calculate the average value; Duration of full bloom period: Start recording from the day when the first flower opens, observe the flower status every day until 80% of the flowers wither, and count the total number of days.

[0057] As shown in Table 4, the bio-fertilizer significantly increased the number of inflorescences per plant of osmanthus (+50%) and the number of flowers per inflorescence (+45%). The results showed that the microorganisms in the fertilizer promoted nutrient absorption and enhanced photosynthesis. The full bloom period was extended by 5.5 days (BF group), indicating that the slow-release nutrient characteristics of the bio-fertilizer extended the flower development cycle.

[0058] Table 4 Comparison of the number of inflorescences per plant and the number of flowers per inflorescence between non-fertilized (CK) and the product applied (BF)

[0059] Index Control group (CK) Bio - fertilizer group (BF) P - value Number of inflorescences per plant (pcs) 35.2±3.1 52.8±4.5 <0.01** Number of flowers per inflorescence (pcs) 8.5±1.2 12.3±1.6 <0.05* Duration of full - bloom period (days) 18.2±2.1 23.7±3.0 <0.01**

[0060] The above description is illustrative rather than restrictive for the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art understand that many modifications, changes or equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims, and all of them will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special bio-fertilizer for abundant flowering of osmanthus fragrans, characterized in that, It is composed of raw materials with the following mass percentages: 65% rapeseed cake, 10% withered branches and leaves, 0.4% nano-silicon, 5% seaweed extract, 15% bone meal, 3.4% potassium sulfate, 1% trace elements, and 0.2% plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

2. The preparation method of the special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower abundance, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that The rapeseed cake and withered branches and leaves are sealed and fermented at 60 °C 3 days in advance; after fermentation is completed, 65% rapeseed cake, 10% withered branches and leaves, 0.4% nano-silicon, 5% seaweed extract, 15% bone meal, 3.4% potassium sulfate, and 1% trace elements are mixed evenly and then sealed and fermented at 60 °C for 7 - 10 days; after fermentation is completed, 0.2% plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are added, the humidity is maintained at 50%, and the flora is activated for 60 hours.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bone meal is a powder made by crushing animal bones after high-temperature cooking, degreasing, and drying.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The trace elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are Pseudomonas vancouverensis and Bacillus megaterium.

6. Application of the special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower blooming enhancement described in claim 1 in promoting plant height growth.

7. Application of the special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower blooming enhancement described in claim 1 in promoting new branch growth of plants.

8. Application of the special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower blooming enhancement described in claim 1 in regulating the number of inflorescences per plant.

9. Application of the special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower blooming enhancement described in claim 1 in regulating the number of flowers in a single inflorescence.

10. Application of the special bio-fertilizer for osmanthus flower blooming enhancement described in claim 1 in regulating the flower development cycle of plants.

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