Tumbler type shape memory alloy driven multi-scene intelligent follow-up device
Through the tumbler structure driven by shape memory alloy, combined with intelligent perception and drive control system, the complexity and noise problems of existing follower devices in multi-scene applications are solved, and the modular and low-cost follower functions are realized in multi-scene.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510535948.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
AI Technical Summary
The existing follower devices have problems such as complex structure, high cost, high noise impact, high maintenance difficulty and single functions in multi-scenario applications, and cannot realize modular applications in multi-scenarios.
The tumbler structure driven by shape memory alloy wire is adopted, combined with the intelligent perception system and the drive control system, and the center of gravity shift is achieved through the contraction and diastolic of the shape memory alloy wire, realizing the follow-up function in multiple scenarios.
It realizes follow-up stability, noise-free, simple structure, cost-saving, and supports multi-modular applications to adapt to the needs of different scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN120402319A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention patent relates to the field of shape memory alloy follow-up devices, and particularly to a tumbler-style shape memory alloy-driven multi-scenario intelligent follow-up device. Background Art
[0002] In this field, follow-up devices can achieve different functions in multiple scenarios by means of various driving methods. In the lighting scenario, the follow-up device can be installed with a solar panel to achieve the function of the solar panel moving with the direction of light, aiming to efficiently collect solar energy; in the sound reception scenario, the follow-up device can be combined with a sound reception device to achieve directional sound reception in a meeting; in the smart furniture scenario, the follow-up device can be combined with a light strip and a human body sensor to achieve the function of the light strip lighting up with the human body.
[0003] As a kind of follow-up device that is widely applied at present, a roller bearing follower, its core consists of an outer ring component, a guiding component and precision rolling elements to form a typical contact pair system. This mechanism realizes the dynamic conversion from sliding friction to rolling friction through the coordinated movement of the rolling elements with the outer ring and the inner ring. Its friction coefficient is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared with traditional sliding pairs, which can significantly improve the energy transfer efficiency, especially showing excellent dynamic characteristics under high-speed working conditions. However, as a mechanical structure, this device cannot avoid noise interference. Its complex structure makes the manufacturing cost higher than that of ordinary sliding bearings. When it is necessary to customize the shape of the outer ring, it is necessary to ensure that the installation hole is perpendicular to the movement direction during installation, otherwise it is easy to cause off-axis load failure and is not easy to disassemble and assemble conveniently.
[0004] At the same time, in some specific scenarios, for the realization of specific functions, there are still certain problems with some current market solutions, and they can only be applied to a single scenario and cannot achieve multi-scenario modular application. In the light source tracking scenario, such as a two-axis tracking bracket is a key component in a photovoltaic power generation system. Its main function is to dynamically adjust the azimuth angle and tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the position of the sun to maximize the absorption of light and the output of electric energy. However, the structure of the two-axis tracking bracket is relatively complex, requiring more components and more precise design, resulting in its investment cost being much higher than that of fixed brackets and single-axis tracking brackets. Moreover, its mechanical structure and electrical control system are relatively complex, and the probability of failure during operation is relatively high. When a failure occurs, the maintenance difficulty is also relatively large, and the maintenance cost is too high; in the intelligent human body induction scenario, most current market human body intelligent induction lamp products have realized the perception of the human body through various sensor modules. However, in a complex environment, such as strong light interference and large temperature changes, the performance of the human body induction lamp may be affected, and the device only has the function of perceiving the human body and cannot realize the dynamic movement of the light with the human body.
[0005] In this context, considering the advantages and disadvantages of the intelligent follow-up device for specific scenarios mentioned above, the patent of the present invention uses a new material, shape memory alloy wire, to achieve intelligent follow-up in multiple scenarios. Shape memory alloy wire has a certain shape memory function. When a certain voltage is applied across its two ends, the memory alloy wire generates heat and its temperature rises, causing it to contract by a certain length. When the voltage across the memory alloy wire is removed, the memory alloy wire stops generating heat and its temperature gradually returns to the initial temperature, and the memory alloy wire returns to its initial length. This device combines with the principle of the tumbler structure. Based on the above characteristics, through the contraction and relaxation of the memory alloy wire, the counterweight inside the device is driven, resulting in the offset of the center of gravity of the device, and thus achieving the follow-up function.
[0006] In summary, compared with the traditional intelligent follow-up device for specific scenarios, the tumbler-type shape memory alloy-driven multi-scenario intelligent follow-up device has the following advantages: stable follow-up, simple structure, noiseless operation, multi-module design, cost savings, etc. Applying shape memory alloy to the multi-scenario intelligent follow-up device has advanced guiding significance and practical value. Summary of the Invention
[0007] This project is committed to developing a multi-scenario intelligent follow-up device driven by shape memory alloy, innovatively integrating the dynamic principle of the tumbler structure and intelligent material drive technology. The system adopts a modular design concept and consists of three core subsystems: an intelligent perception system, a drive control system, and a mechanical transmission system.
[0008] This follow-up device imitates the movement principle of a tumbler, adopts a curved surface shell structure, and realizes a thin-walled structure through numerical control precision machining. Using shape memory alloy wire to form a mechanical linkage with the counterweight module, it can achieve a large inclination adjustment range and complete the adjustment of the center of gravity offset in a short time. The perception layer of the electronic control system uses a multi-modal sensor array, the signal conditioning circuit forms a second-order filter, and the relay is used to conduct the threshold signal. The drive control core drives the signal by modulating the output current. The software and hardware collaborative system uses a real-time operating system to build a three-layer architecture control model. The hardware abstraction layer realizes sensor data acquisition, drive signal output, and status monitoring. The control algorithm layer deploys and improves the control algorithm, and the application logic layer realizes the switching of multi-modal control strategies. It can achieve solar power generation, microphone sound collection, and precise lighting of lights, meeting the multi-scenario convenient application of this follow-up device.
[0009] This device has the following three major advantages:
[0010] I. Achieving follow-up through the tumbler principle
[0011] The follow-up device is based on a dynamic self-stabilization mechanism, and its structural design integrates the principles of center-of-gravity regulation and inertial response. It adopts a lower-positioned mass-concentrated layout to form a stable static equilibrium state. During the dynamic response stage, a multi-modal sensor array collects environmental signals in real time. The signals are transmitted to the drive control system. After the single-chip microcomputer comprehensively processes the signals, the shape memory alloy wire shaft is electrified to heat up, heating the memory alloy wire to make it contract, pulling the counterweight to move to change the center of gravity of the device, and combining with spring reset to achieve the follow-up function.
[0012] II. Noiseless Follow-up Drive Control
[0013] In the device, the counterweight of the follow-up module is pulled by using shape memory alloy wire material. Based on its inherent mechanical properties, direct drive is achieved through the uniaxial strain generated by the austenite-martensite phase transformation. The traditional gear reduction mechanism is abandoned, effectively avoiding the mechanical vibration caused by Coulomb damping, helping to reduce the vibration and noise of the overall system, and avoiding electromagnetic noise, mechanical structure friction, and noise generated during high-speed operation, enabling the device to complete noiseless tracking.
[0014] III. Multi-Modular Application of Solar / Microphone / Smart Lamp
[0015] Through module combination and reconstruction, the system can quickly switch to light source tracking, sound source localization, and biological electromagnetic sensing, and no mechanical structure adjustment is required during the mode conversion process. Under the same function configuration, the deployment efficiency of the modular design is significantly improved compared with the traditional scheme, and the operation and maintenance complexity is reduced. The product configuration can be quickly adjusted to adapt to different market demands, providing an innovative solution for the universal application of intelligent follow-up devices in the fields of smart home, environmental monitoring, energy conversion, etc.
[0016] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention patent adopts the following technical solutions:
[0017] As shown in the attached Figure 2 of the specification, the intelligent perception system A uses a total of three types of sensors, a photoresistor a, a sound sensor b, and a human body electromagnetic wave sensor c. On the disc part of the device, a total of five types of grooves are set as Figure 3 , namely A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and holes are drilled on the disc as Figure 3 , a total of five types K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, where K1, K2, K3, K4 are through holes, and K5 is a threaded hole. The annular plate is drilled in the way as Figure 4 , holes are drilled in eight directions of X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8. The counterweight is as Figure 6 , with hooks G1, G2 at both ends, and one end of the baffle has a hook G3. The tumbler base part of the device is as Figure 7 , with a total of three-layer structures C1, C2, C3. The drilling method of the C1 layer is asFigure 8 , thread holes are drilled in five directions of B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5. The drilling method of layer C2 is as Figure 8 , thread holes are drilled in seven directions of E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, and E7. The drilling method of layer C3 is as Figure 8 , thread holes are drilled in four directions of F1, F2, F3, and F4.
[0018] The three major systems of this device are as Figure 1 , intelligent perception system A, drive control system B, and mechanical transmission system C. The intelligent perception system of this device is as Figure 2 , three kinds of sensors (a, b, c) are all arranged in an array and fixed on the outer cover in a ring shape; The mechanical transmission system of this device is as Figure 5 , mainly composed of seven core parts: slide rail 1, slider 2, counterweight 3, shape memory alloy wire shaft 4, baffle 5, shape memory alloy wire 6, and spring 7. Among them, the slide rail is matched with the slider and fixed in groove A1, and is connected to the disc with screws through hole K4. The baffle is fixed in groove A2. The shape memory alloy wire shaft is fixed in groove A3 and is connected to the disc with screws through hole K2. The shape memory alloy wire is wound around the memory alloy wire shaft and connected to hook G1, and both ends of the spring are connected to hooks G2 and G3 respectively. The outer cover is fixed in groove A4. The annular plate is connected to the disc through groove A5. The disc and the tumbler base are connected with screws through hole K5. The energized wire passes through hole K1, B1, and E1 from layer C3 of the tumbler base and is connected to the shape memory alloy wire shaft. Light strips 1 and 2 are fixed to the annular plate with screws through holes X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5, X6, X7, X8 respectively. The drive control system of this device mainly consists of six parts: tumbler base, single-chip microcomputer, relay, battery, circuit board, and bottom counterweight. The circuit board is fixed to layer C1 with screws through holes B2, B3, B4, and B5. The single-chip microcomputer and relay are fixed to layer C2 with screws through holes E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, and E7. The battery is fixed to layer C3 with screws through holes F1, F2, F3, and F4. Description of the Drawings
[0019] Figure 1 : Axonometric drawing of the device
[0020] Figure 2 : Distribution diagram of multi-modal sensors
[0021] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of disc drilling and grooves
[0022] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of annular plate drilling
[0023] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of mechanical transmission system
[0024] Figure 6 :Schematic diagram of the counterweight hook
[0025] Figure 7 :Cross-sectional view of the tumbler base
[0026] Figure 8 :Schematic diagram of drilling holes in each layer of the tumbler base
[0027] Figure 9 :Control flow chart Specific implementation manners
[0028] The following makes a detailed description of this invention patent in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
[0029] Refer to Figure 1 , this device is a tumbler-shaped shape memory alloy-driven multi-scene intelligent follow-up device. The intelligent perception system, with a photoresistor, a sound sensor, and a human body electromagnetic wave sensor, are all arranged in an array and fixed annularly on the outer cover; for the mechanical transmission part, a slide rail, a shape memory alloy wire shaft, a baffle, and an annular plate are fixed on the disc through grooves. The slide rail and the shape memory alloy wire shaft are fixed on the disc with screws. A slider is installed on the slide rail, a counterweight is fixed on the slider, and the counterweight and the slider can move linearly along the slide rail. The energized wire is connected to the positive and negative poles at both ends of the memory alloy wire shaft, and the memory alloy wire is wound around the memory alloy wire shaft. One end of the memory alloy wire is connected to the hook G1 on the counterweight, and both ends of the spring are respectively connected to the hook G2 on the counterweight and the hook G3 on the baffle; for the drive control part, the circuit board is fixedly connected to the C1 layer of the tumbler base with screws, the single-chip microcomputer and the relay are fixed to the C2 layer with screws, and the battery is fixed to the C2 layer with screws.
[0030] Since this device is a multi-scene intelligent follow-up device, specific descriptions will be made from the following three scenarios:
[0031] In the light illumination scenario, the specific control steps are as follows:
[0032] 1. The light source irradiates the device from any direction, and the photoresistor array inside the cover collects the light source information.
[0033] 2. The signals collected by the photoresistors are transmitted through wires to the circuit board located on the C1 layer and the single-chip microcomputer on the C2 layer.
[0034] 3. The single-chip microcomputer processes the light source information, judges the specific direction of the light illumination, and energizes the corresponding direction of the shape memory alloy wire shaft.
[0035] 4. The shape memory alloy wire shaft is energized to generate heat, thereby heating the shape memory alloy wire, causing it to contract, and then pulling the counterweight.
[0036] 5. The center of gravity of the tumbler changes and shifts in the direction of the light.
[0037] 6. When the position of the light source changes, the power supply is turned off, the temperature of the shape memory alloy wire decreases and resets, and the spring pulls the counterweight back to its original position.
[0038] In the radio receiving scenario, the specific control steps are as follows:
[0039] 1. Sound waves are transmitted to the device from any direction, and the sound sensor inside the cover collects the sound source information.
[0040] 2. The sound sensor transmits the collected signal through a wire to the circuit board located on the C1 layer and the single-chip microcomputer on the C2 layer.
[0041] 3. The single-chip microcomputer processes the sound source information, determines the specific direction of the sound source, and energizes the shape memory alloy wire shaft in the corresponding direction.
[0042] 4. The energized shape memory alloy wire shaft generates heat, which heats the shape memory alloy wire, causing it to contract and then pull the counterweight.
[0043] 5. The center of gravity of the tumbler changes and it shifts in the direction of the sound source.
[0044] 6. When the position of the sound source changes, the power supply is turned off, the temperature of the shape memory alloy wire decreases and resets, and the spring pulls the counterweight back to its original position.
[0045] In the smart home scenario, the specific control steps are as follows:
[0046] 1. The human body electromagnetic wave sensor sends out electromagnetic waves and detects the human body position through the change of electromagnetic waves. 2. The human body electromagnetic wave sensor transmits the collected signal through a wire to the circuit board located on the C1 layer and the single-chip microcomputer on the C2 layer.
[0047] 3. The single-chip microcomputer processes the electromagnetic wave information, determines the specific direction of the human body, energizes the shape memory alloy wire shaft in the corresponding direction, and turns on the light strip at the same time.
[0048] 4. The energized shape memory alloy wire shaft generates heat, which heats the shape memory alloy wire, causing it to contract and then pull the counterweight.
[0049] 5. The center of gravity of the tumbler changes and it shifts in the direction of the person.
[0050] 6. When the person's position changes, the power supply is turned off, the temperature of the shape memory alloy wire decreases and resets, the spring pulls the counterweight back to its original position, and the light strip is turned off.
[0051] The control flow chart is as Figure 9 shown. Through the above six steps in the three scenarios respectively, using the electric control device, the follow-up function of this device is realized.
[0052] The following examples illustrate the technical concept and structural features of this invention patent, aiming to enable scientific researchers and engineering technicians engaged in research work in this field to understand this invention patent and be able to implement this product accordingly.
Claims
1. A tumbler - type shape - memory alloy - driven multi - scenario intelligent follow - up device, characterized in that: It is composed of three core systems: an intelligent perception system, a drive control system, and a mechanical transmission system. The intelligent perception system includes a photoresistor array, a sound sensor, and a human body electromagnetic wave sensor; the drive control system includes a circuit board, a single-chip microcomputer, a relay, a battery, and a bottom counterweight. The circuit board is fixed to the C1 layer of the tumbler base by screws, the single-chip microcomputer and the relay are fixed to the C2 layer by screws, and the battery is fixed to the C3 layer by screws; the mechanical transmission system includes a slide rail, a slider, a counterweight, a baffle, a shape memory alloy wire, a spring, and a shape memory alloy wire shaft. Among them, the slide rail cooperates with the slider, the counterweight is fixed on the slider and can move linearly along the slide rail. The shape memory alloy wire is wound around the shape memory alloy wire shaft and is connected to the hook G1 of the counterweight. The two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the hook G2 of the counterweight and the hook G3 of the baffle.
2. The tumbler - type shape - memory alloy - driven multi - scenario intelligent follow - up device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adopting a tumbler structure, by heating the shape memory alloy wire to make it contract, the counterweight is pulled to shift the center of gravity of the device, realizing the follow-up function; the drive of the shape memory alloy wire is realized electronically. The energized wire passes through the holes K1, B1, and E1 from the C3 layer in sequence and is connected to the shape memory alloy wire shaft. The single-chip microcomputer controls through modulating the current drive signal, making the shape memory alloy wire shaft energized and heated up, heating the memory alloy wire to make it contract, pulling the counterweight to move to change the center of gravity of the device, and combining with the spring reset to realize the follow-up function.
3. The tumbler - type shape - memory alloy - driven multi - scenario intelligent follow - up device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intelligent perception system switches control strategies according to different scenarios. In the light scene, the device analyzes and processes the optical signals collected by the photoresistor array, drives the shape memory alloy wire to pull the counterweight, making the center of gravity of the device shift, and realizing the follow-up in a specific direction; in the sound reception scene, the device analyzes and processes the sound signals collected by the sound sensor array, drives the shape memory alloy wire to pull the counterweight, making the center of gravity of the device shift, and realizing the follow-up in a specific direction; in the smart home scene, the device analyzes and processes the signals collected by the human body electromagnetic wave sensor, drives the shape memory alloy wire to pull the counterweight, making the center of gravity of the device shift, realizing the follow-up in a specific direction, and triggering the lighting of the light strip.