Product defect detection device and method based on machine vision

Abstract

The invention relates to a product defect detection device and method based on machine vision, and relates to the technical field of product defect detection.The product defect detection device comprises a rack, a clamp and a loading system; the machine frame comprises an operation table and a door-shaped frame installed on the operation table. The clamp comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp which are oppositely arranged up and down; the loading system is installed on the machine frame and used for driving the upper clamp and the lower clamp to be close to each other or away from each other, and an image collecting system is further arranged on the side, close to the clamps, of a vertical beam of the door-shaped frame. And the image acquisition system is a vertical image acquisition system for acquiring the stretching deformation and the state change of the fracture process of the to-be-detected product between the upper clamp and the lower clamp. According to the invention, through image / video data acquired by the image acquisition system and in combination with a curve graph detected on computer software, a worker can quickly and accurately analyze whether the tensile strength of the to-be-detected product is qualified or not.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of product defect detection, and in particular, to a product defect detection device and detection method based on machine vision. Background Art

[0002] The products in the application theme mainly refer to metal rod-shaped products or plastic / plastic rod-shaped products; product defects mainly refer to defects in terms of tensile strength.

[0003] Currently, in the process of detecting the tensile strength of metals, plastics / rubbers, several core parameters such as tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, elongation after fracture, and reduction of area are mainly measured to evaluate the bearing capacity of materials under tensile loads.

[0004] Among them, the tensile strength is the maximum tensile stress that the material can withstand before fracture, the yield strength is the stress at which the material begins to undergo permanent plastic deformation, the elastic modulus is the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic stage of the material, the elongation after fracture is the plastic deformation ability of the specimen after fracture, and the reduction of area is the shrinkage ratio of the cross-sectional area of the specimen after fracture.

[0005] In these detection links, the detection of the state change process when the yield strength begins to undergo permanent plastic deformation and the state change process when the tensile strength begins to fracture, that is, the detection of the key events of product deformation and fracture, is relatively important and difficult. Currently, it mainly relies on staff to interpret the curve graphs detected on computer software. This detection method is not intuitive enough and not fast enough, resulting in the need for staff to conduct multiple detections and spending more detection time to determine whether there are defects in the tensile strength of the product. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to improve the problem of the intuitiveness and efficiency of product defect detection, this application provides a product defect detection device based on machine vision and its production process.

[0007] First, a product defect detection device based on machine vision provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution: A product defect detection device based on machine vision includes a frame, a fixture, and a loading system; the frame includes an operating table and a gantry installed on the operating table; the fixture includes an upper fixture and a lower fixture arranged oppositely up and down; the loading system is installed on the frame and is used to drive the upper fixture and the lower fixture to approach or move away from each other. On one side of the vertical beam of the gantry close to the fixture, an image acquisition system is further provided. The image acquisition system is a vertical image acquisition system for acquiring the state changes of the tensile deformation and fracture process of the product to be detected between the upper fixture and the lower fixture; the vertical image acquisition system includes a vertical guide rail, a sliding seat, a sliding drive assembly, and a camera element; the vertical guide rail is vertically installed on the vertical beam of the gantry; the sliding seat is vertically slidably connected to the vertical guide rail; the sliding drive assembly is used to drive the sliding seat to slide up and down along the vertical guide rail, and the camera element is installed on the sliding seat.

[0008] Through the above technical solution, the vertical image acquisition system can collect the state changes of the tensile deformation and fracture process of the product to be detected between the upper fixture and the lower fixture as a whole through the camera element; at the same time, during the tensile strength detection process, tensile deformation or fracture will first occur in some areas of the product to be detected. We define these areas as the core tensile deformation area and the core fracture area on the product to be detected. During the image / video acquisition process, the camera element can approach the core tensile deformation area and the core fracture area under the driving action of the sliding seat and the sliding drive assembly, and collect the more subtle, clearer, and more important state changes of the tensile deformation and fracture process in this area. Based on the collected image / video data and combined with the curve graph detected on the computer software, the staff can quickly analyze whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified; at the same time, it can also be determined by repeatedly viewing the process images or recalling the video, without the need for multiple detections. Compared with the existing detection methods, the entire detection process is more intuitive, the detection efficiency is higher, and the detection accuracy is also higher.

[0009] Preferably, the sliding seat includes an equipment installation table, a sliding back plate, and a connecting rod; the equipment installation table includes a sliding plate, a reference plate, a panel, a clamping plate, and a U-shaped mounting seat; the sliding plate, the reference plate, and the panel are all circular and have the same central axis. The sliding plate is slidably connected to the vertical guide rail; the reference plate is located on the side of the sliding plate away from the vertical guide rail; the panel is located on the side of the reference plate away from the sliding plate; there are two clamping plates, which are relatively fixed on the panel; the U-shaped mounting seat is installed on the two clamping plates; the camera element is installed on the U-shaped mounting seat; the sliding back plate is located on the side of the vertical guide rail away from the equipment installation table; one end of the connecting rod is fixed to the sliding back plate and the other end is fixed to the equipment installation table.

[0010] Preferably, a toothed belt installation groove is formed in the vertical guide rail along its length direction; the sliding drive assembly includes a sliding drive member, a toothed belt pulley, a tension pulley and a toothed belt. The sliding drive member is installed on the sliding back plate; the toothed belt pulley is installed at the output end of the sliding drive member and is opposite to the toothed belt installation groove; there are two tension pulleys, which are respectively located on both sides of the toothed belt pulley. One end of the tension pulley is rotatably connected to the sliding back plate and the other end is rotatably connected to the sliding plate. The tension pulley is in rolling connection with the toothed belt installation groove; the middle part of the toothed belt is meshed with the toothed belt pulley and both ends are tensioned and fixedly connected to both ends in the toothed belt installation groove.

[0011] Through the above technical solution, after the sliding drive member starts to operate, the toothed belt pulley starts to rotate, and drives the equipment mounting table to slide up and down through meshing transmission with the toothed belt; a part of the outer circumferences of the two tension pulleys is located in the toothed belt installation groove. On the one hand, this can play a good tensioning role for the toothed belt. Secondly, it can guide the toothed belt to always be located in the toothed belt installation groove, and there will be no situation of belt slipping or deviation. Thirdly, it can play a guiding role for the sliding direction of the sliding seat, making the sliding of the sliding seat more stable.

[0012] Preferably, a turntable is rotatably connected coaxially on the surface of the panel facing the reference plate; a driven gear is fixedly connected on the surface of the turntable facing the reference plate, and the central axis of the driven gear coincides with the central axis of the panel; a rotation drive assembly is further provided on the equipment mounting table, and the rotation drive assembly includes a rotation drive member and a rotation drive gear; the rotation drive member is installed on the panel; the rotation drive gear is installed at the output end of the rotation drive member and is meshed with the driven gear.

[0013] Through the above technical solution, when the rotation drive member operates, the rotation drive gear starts to rotate, and drives the panel to rotate through meshing transmission with the driven gear, thereby adjusting the horizontal or vertical direction of the image taking of the imaging element. Generally, for products to be detected with a short length, horizontal angle shooting can be adopted, so that the shooting angle is better and the imaging is more in line with the human observation angle; while for longer products to be detected, vertical angle shooting is mainly adopted to better image the products to be detected; of course, for some special-shaped bars, an inclined angle can also be adopted, such as shooting from the diagonal angle of the imaging frame of the imaging element.

[0014] Preferably, the U-shaped mounting seat is rotatably mounted on the two clamping plates by two side edges on both sides of the opening; a swing driving assembly is further arranged on the equipment mounting table, and the swing driving assembly includes a swing driving member, a swing driving gear and a swing driven gear; the swing driving member is mounted on any one of the two clamping plates, and the output end of the swing driving member is parallel to the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting seat and the clamping plate; the swing driving gear is mounted on the output end of the swing driving member; the swing driven gear is mounted on the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting seat and the clamping plate, and the swing driven gear is in interference fit with the rotating shaft and fixedly connected to the U-shaped mounting seat; the swing driving gear and the swing driven gear are meshed with each other.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, when the swing driving member operates, the swing driving gear starts to rotate, and drives the U-shaped mounting seat to swing through the meshing transmission with the swing driven gear, so as to adjust the tilt angle of the image taking of the imaging element. The swing driving assembly is mainly used when adjusting the shooting position around the product to be detected or avoiding direct indoor and outdoor light sources to obtain better clarity.

[0016] Preferably, a damping assembly is mounted between the reference plate and the sliding plate.

[0017] Preferably, the damping assembly is an annular structure composed of multiple sections of springs, and an interval space is left between every two sections of springs; the central axis of the annular structure composed of multiple sections of springs coincides with the central axes of the sliding plate and the reference plate, and the annular structure composed of multiple sections of springs is located at the outer edges of the sliding plate and the reference plate; one side of the annular structure composed of multiple sections of springs is connected to the sliding plate and the other side is connected to the reference plate, and through holes are equidistantly formed at the positions of the sliding plate and the reference plate corresponding to the springs, and the springs pass through the through holes on the sliding plate and the reference plate in sequence along their spiral directions.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the annular structure composed of multiple sections of springs has sufficient strength on the one hand, and the installation position is at the outer edges of the sliding plate and the reference plate, which can provide a relatively stable shooting environment; when the vibration is transmitted after the product to be detected breaks, the annular structure composed of multiple sections of springs can not only appropriately cancel the vibration in the horizontal direction, but also cancel the vibration in the vertical direction, and can also cancel other vibrations with disordered directions; moreover, the springs are connected to the sliding plate and the reference plate through through holes. Compared with direct fixed connection, the springs and the sliding plate and the reference plate can also have a moving space at the through hole positions during the vibration cancellation process, that is, they can further cancel the vibration through reciprocating movement. Overall, it can provide a relatively stable shooting environment for the imaging element and can obtain clearer images / videos of the product to be detected when it breaks.

[0019] Preferably, the damping assembly includes a plurality of obliquely arranged damping units; an annular retaining edge extends from the outer edge of the sliding plate towards the reference plate; a prism protrudes towards the sliding plate at the central position of the side of the reference plate facing the sliding plate; the plurality of obliquely arranged damping units are distributed in an annular array at equal intervals and one end is fixedly connected to the prism and the other end is fixedly connected to the retaining edge; the damping unit includes an oblique support rib, an elastic damping plate and an angle plate; there are six elastic damping plates, divided into two groups, respectively located at both ends of the oblique support rib, each group of elastic damping plates is arranged in parallel, one end of each group of elastic damping plates is fixedly connected to the oblique support rib and the other end extends in a divergent manner in the direction of mutual separation; the angle plate is a right-angle plate, two in each group, corresponding to the two groups of elastic damping plates respectively, the end of each group of elastic damping plates is fixedly connected to the inner corner side of the corresponding angle plate, and the outer corner side of the angle plate is fixedly connected to the sliding plate and the retaining edge or the reference plate and the prism.

[0020] Through the above technical solution, the plurality of obliquely arranged damping units first form a large number of triangular structures between the sliding plate and the reference plate. Secondly, each group of elastic damping plates relies on its own elasticity to not only appropriately offset the vibration in the horizontal direction, but also offset the vibration in the vertical direction, and can also offset other vibrations with disordered directions; as a whole, it can provide a relatively stable shooting environment for the imaging element and can obtain clearer images / videos of the product to be detected when it breaks.

[0021] Preferably, an environmental assistance system is provided on the gantry, and the environmental assistance system includes a light source for supplementing light and a curtain for blocking external interfering light; the curtain includes a light-shielding curtain, a lifting rope, a fixed pulley, a traction pulley and a curtain driving mechanism; both ends of the light-shielding curtain in the horizontal direction extend to the vertical beams of the gantry, and the light-shielding curtain blocks the area with the imaging element in the middle of the gantry after being unfolded in the vertical direction; there are a plurality of lifting ropes, arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, the number of fixed pulleys is the same as the number of lifting ropes, the fixed pulleys are installed on the cross beam of the gantry at equal intervals, the lower ends of the lifting ropes are connected to the light-shielding curtain, and the upper ends are wound around the fixed pulleys and connected to the traction pulley; a counterweight bar is fixed along the length direction of the lower edge of the light-shielding curtain, the lower ends of the lifting ropes are fixed to the counterweight bar, and vertical cloth sleeves are provided at the positions of the light-shielding curtain corresponding to the lifting ropes, and the lifting ropes pass through the cloth sleeves.

[0022] Furthermore, the present application also provides a method for detecting product defects based on machine vision, including the following steps: First, install the product to be detected in a fixture; then, turn on the image acquisition system and adjust the initial acquisition position of the imaging element; then, capture a test image / video, observe the imaging quality, and determine whether there is a need for supplementary lighting or shading. After the test, adaptively operate the light source or curtain for supplementary lighting or shading; then, clear the initial acquisition of the imaging element and adjust it to the preparatory acquisition state; then, observe whether the data settings on the computer software match the product to be detected. After confirmation, adjust it to the preparatory detection state; then, synchronously turn on the tensile strength detection and the image acquisition system; finally, compare the curve graph detected on the computer software with the image / video captured by the imaging element to determine whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified.

[0023] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: First, through the image / video data collected by the image acquisition system and combined with the curve graph detected on the computer software, the staff can quickly analyze whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified; at the same time, it can also be determined by repeatedly viewing the process images or recalling the video, without the need for multiple detections. Compared with the existing detection methods, the entire detection process is more intuitive, the detection efficiency is higher, and the detection accuracy is also higher.

[0024] Second, by setting up a sliding drive assembly, the equipment installation table is driven to slide up and down through meshing transmission with the toothed belt; part of the outer circumference of the two tension wheels is located in the toothed belt installation groove, which can guide the toothed belt to always be located in the toothed belt installation groove and can also play a guiding role in the sliding direction of the sliding seat, making the sliding of the sliding seat more stable.

[0025] Second, by setting up a rotational drive assembly, the horizontal or vertical direction of image capture of the imaging element can be adjusted.

[0026] Second, by setting up a swing drive assembly, it can be used when adjusting the shooting position around the product to be detected or avoiding direct indoor or outdoor light sources to obtain better clarity.

[0027] Second, by setting up a damping assembly, a relatively stable shooting environment can be provided for the imaging element, and it is possible to obtain a clearer image / video of the product to be detected when it breaks.

[0028] Second, by setting up an environmental assistance system, it can be used to supplement light or block external interfering light. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present application; Figure 2It is a schematic structural diagram of the fixture in the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vertical image acquisition system in the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vertical image acquisition system in the first embodiment from another direction; Figure 5 It is a first schematic structural diagram of the vibration damping component in the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a second schematic structural diagram of the vibration damping component in the first embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vertical image acquisition system cooperating with the horizontal image acquisition system in the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the horizontal image acquisition system in the second embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the overall structure in the third embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lifting rope cooperating with the fixed pulley and the counterweight bar in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0030] In the figure, 1 is the frame; 11 is the operating platform; 12 is the gantry; 2 is the fixture; 21 is the upper fixture; 22 is the lower fixture; 221 is the mounting base; 2211 is the mounting cavity; 2212 is the mounting hole; 222 is the mounting sleeve; 2221 is the threaded hole; 2222 is the bottom through hole; 2223 is the inlay groove; 2224 is the annular relief groove; 223 is the clamping block; 2231 is the abutting part; 2232 is the clamping part; 2233 is the wedge part; 224 is the threaded extrusion part; 2241 is the threaded barrel part; 22411 is the annular bevel; 2242 is the screwing part; 225 is the spacer ring; 3 is the loading system; 4 is the image acquisition system; 41 is the vertical guide rail; 411 is the guide groove; 412 is the toothed belt mounting groove; 413 is the support; 42 is the sliding seat; 421 is the equipment mounting table; 4211 is the sliding plate; 42111 is the retaining edge; 4212 is the reference plate; 42121 is the driven gear; 42122 is the prism; 4213 is the panel; 4214 is the clamping plate; 4215 is the U-shaped mounting seat; 4216 is the vibration damping component; 42161 is the inclined support rib; 42162 is the elastic vibration damping plate; 42163 is the angle plate; 422 is the sliding back plate; 423 is the connecting rod; 43 is the sliding drive component; 431 is the sliding drive member; 432 is the toothed belt pulley; 433 is the tensioning pulley; 434 is the toothed belt; 44 is the imaging element; 45 is the rotation drive component; 451 is the rotation drive member; 452 is the rotation drive gear; 46 is the swing drive component; 461 is the swing drive member; 462 is the swing drive gear; 463 is the swing driven gear; 47 is the arc guide rail; 5 is the environmental assistance system; 51 is the light source; 52 is the curtain; 521 is the light-shielding curtain; 5211 is the counterweight bar; 522 is the lifting rope; 523 is the fixed pulley; 524 is the traction pulley; 5241 is the intermediate pulley; 525 is the curtain drive mechanism; 5251 is the traction drive member; 5252 is the driving pulley; 5253 is the driven pulley; 5254 is the main drive belt; 5255 is the counterweight; 5256 is the intermediate drive belt. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] The following is a further detailed description of the present application in conjunction with the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 10 , and make a further detailed description of the present application. Embodiment

[0032] A product defect detection device based on machine vision, referring to Figure 1, including a frame 1, a fixture 2 and a loading system 3. The frame 1 includes an operating table 11 and a gantry 12 mounted on the operating table 11; the fixture 2 includes an upper fixture 21 and a lower fixture 22 arranged opposite to each other up and down. The upper fixture 21 is mounted in the middle of the crossbeam of the gantry 12, and the lower fixture 22 is mounted at the output end of the loading system 3; the loading system 3 can adopt a hydraulic cylinder driven by hydraulic pressure, a pneumatic cylinder driven by air pressure, or an electric pull rod driven by electricity; the main body structure of the loading system 3 is mounted in the operating table 11, and the output end of the loading system 3 vertically protrudes upward from the operating table 11 and is directly below the upper fixture 21. The loading system 3 can drive the lower fixture 22 to approach or move away from the upper fixture 21, so as to stretch the product to be detected clamped between the upper fixture 21 and the lower fixture 22 and detect its tensile strength. Of course, in another embodiment, the main body structure of the loading system 3 can also be mounted in the crossbeam of the gantry 12, and the lower fixture 22 is directly mounted on the operating table 11; in this way, when the upper fixture 21 moves and the lower fixture 22 is fixed, the stretching of the product to be detected can also be realized.

[0033] Combined with Figure 2 , because the product to be detected is a rod-shaped product, it is also possible to use a conventional two-jaw clamping fixture 2 or a three-jaw clamping fixture 2. However, the two-jaw clamping fixture 2 or the three-jaw clamping fixture 2 is likely to cause extrusion deformation at the end of the rod-shaped product, especially for plastic / plastic rod-shaped products, which will further affect the result of the tensile strength test. Therefore, in order to obtain more accurate tensile strength data of the product to be detected, the structure of the fixture 2 in this application has been improved.

[0034] Specifically, the structures of the upper fixture 21 and the lower fixture 22 are the same and are opposite in direction; Figure 2 The external structure of the upper fixture 21 and the internal structure of the lower fixture 22 are shown in

[0035] The upper fixture 21 or the lower fixture 22 includes a mounting base 221, a mounting sleeve 222, a lotus-shaped clamping member, a threaded extrusion member 224 and a gasket 225; the mounting base 221 is a tower-shaped structure, and an installation cavity 2211 is opened around the central axis inside. The installation cavity 2211 penetrates through the end with a larger diameter of the mounting base 221. An installation hole 2212 is opened at the end with a smaller diameter of the mounting base 221. The installation hole 2212 and the installation cavity 2211 are communicated, and the central axis of the installation hole 2212 coincides with the central axis of the installation cavity 2211.

[0036] The mounting sleeve 222 is a tubular structure with openings at both ends. The central axis of the mounting sleeve 222 coincides with the central axis of the mounting base 221. The outer periphery of the mounting sleeve 222 is fitted into the mounting hole 2212 of the mounting base 221. An internal thread is provided in the opening at one end of the mounting sleeve 222 located outside the mounting base 221 to form a threaded hole 2221. The opening at one end of the mounting sleeve 222 located inside the mounting base 221 is a smooth hole to form a bottom through hole 2222. The inner diameter of the threaded hole 2221 is larger than the inner diameter of the mounting sleeve 222, and the inner diameter of the bottom through hole 2222 is smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting sleeve 222. The mounting sleeve 222 forms an annular flange for mounting the gasket 225 at the position of the bottom through hole 2222. The central axis of the gasket 225 coincides with the central axis of the mounting sleeve 222 and is placed on the annular flange. The outer periphery of the gasket 225 abuts against the inner wall of the mounting sleeve 222. An installation groove 2223 is provided at the position corresponding to the outer periphery of the mounting sleeve 222 fitted into the mounting hole 2212. The central axis of the installation groove 2223 coincides with the central axis of the mounting hole 2212. The mounting sleeve 222 is fitted into the mounting hole 2212 of the mounting base 221 at the part of the installation groove 2223. An annular relief groove 2224 is provided at the position below the threaded hole 2221 inside the mounting sleeve 222. The central axis of the annular relief groove 2224 coincides with the central axis of the threaded hole 2221 and the inner diameter of the annular relief groove 2224 is larger than the inner diameter of the threaded hole 2221.

[0037] The lotus-shaped clamping member is a tubular structure with a through hole provided along the central axis. The central axis of the lotus-shaped clamping member coincides with the central axis of the mounting sleeve 222. The lotus-shaped clamping member is located inside the mounting sleeve 222, with one end integrally connected to the gasket 225 and the other end extending to the annular relief groove 2224. The lotus-shaped clamping member can be integrally provided. Preferably, the lotus-shaped clamping member is formed by circumferentially arraying and fitting together a plurality of clamping blocks 223 around the central axis. There is a certain gap between the clamping blocks 223. One end of the clamping block 223 close to the gasket 225 is integrally connected to the gasket 225, and the scattered clamping blocks 223 can approach / deform more smoothly in the direction close to the central axis.

[0038] Specifically, the clamping block 223 includes an integrally formed abutting portion 2231, a clamping portion 2232, and a wedge portion 2233. One end of the abutting portion 2231 is integrally connected to the cushion ring 225, and the other end extends in the opposite direction along the central axis. The inner diameter of the abutting portion 2231 remains unchanged, and the outer diameter of the abutting portion 2231 gradually increases from the end close to the cushion ring 225 to the end far from the cushion ring 225. One end of the clamping portion 2232 is integrally connected to the end of the abutting portion 2231 far from the cushion ring 225, and the other end extends in the opposite direction along the central axis to the annular relief groove 2224. The inner diameter of the clamping portion 2232 remains unchanged and is equal to the inner diameter of the abutting portion 2231. The outer diameter of the clamping portion 2232 is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the abutting portion 2231. The wedge portion 2233 is integrally connected to the side of the clamping portion 2232 far from the central axis. The outer diameter of the wedge portion 2233 gradually decreases from the end close to the clamping portion 2232 to the end far from the clamping portion 2232. The wedge portions 2233 on all the clamping blocks 223 together form an annular wedge surface in the direction far from the clamping portion 2232. Exerting pressure on the position of the wedge surface can cause the clamping block 223, that is, the clamping portion 2232 and the abutting portion 2231, to approach / deform in the direction close to the central axis, thereby clamping and fixing the product to be detected. The clamping block 223 can be made of a metal material with a matte surface or bumps, or can also be made of materials such as ceramics and rubber; specifically, it is determined according to the force applied in the tensile strength test. If the force applied in the tensile strength test is small, a rubber material can be used, which provides better protection for the end of the product to be detected compared to metal materials; if the force applied in the tensile strength test is large, a metal material can be used, and the clamping force is more sufficient.

[0039] The thread extrusion member 224 includes an integrally formed thread barrel portion 2241 and a screwing portion 2242. The central axis of the thread extrusion member 224 coincides with the central axis of the lotus-shaped clamping member. An external thread is provided on the outer wall of the thread barrel portion 2241 and is matched with the thread hole 2221 on the mounting sleeve 222. An annular inclined opening 22411 is provided on the thread barrel portion 2241 from the outside to the inside at the end close to the lotus-shaped clamping member. The annular inclined opening 22411 cooperates with the annular wedge surface formed by the wedge portions 2233 on all the clamping blocks 223. As the annular inclined opening 22411 continuously approaches the wedge portion 2233, the clamping portion 2232 and the abutting portion 2231 can be made to continuously approach / deform in the direction close to the central axis. The screwing portion 2242 is annular, concentric with the thread barrel, and is integrally connected to the end of the thread barrel located outside the mounting sleeve 222. A matte surface can be provided on the outer periphery of the screwing portion 2242, or an external hexagon or octagon or polygon can be provided, which is convenient for using tools such as wrenches to turn.

[0040] With the above settings, when it is necessary to clamp and fix the product to be detected, first screw the threaded extrusion member 224 so that the annular inclined opening 22411 of its threaded barrel portion 2241 gradually moves away from the wedge portion 2233 of the clamping block 223. As the threaded extrusion member 224 gradually moves away, a part of the structure of the wedge portion 2233 on the clamping block 223 enters the annular relief groove 2224, and the abutting portion 2231 and the clamping portion 2232 on the clamping block 223 are relaxed for elastic reset, and moderately offset in a direction away from the central axis to leave enough space to insert the product to be detected. After inserting the product to be detected, start screwing the threaded extrusion member 224 so that the annular inclined opening 22411 of its threaded barrel portion 2241 gradually approaches the wedge portion 2233 of the clamping block 223. A part of the structure of the wedge portion 2233 on the clamping block 223 gradually exits the annular relief groove 2224, and the abutting portion 2231 and the clamping portion 2232 on the clamping block 223 are continuously squeezed and gradually offset in a direction approaching the central axis to clamp and fix the product to be detected.

[0041] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , an image acquisition system 4 is also provided on the vertical beam of the gantry 12 on the side close to the fixture 2. The image acquisition system 4 is a vertical image acquisition system, which can acquire the state changes of the tensile deformation and fracture process of the product to be detected between the upper fixture 21 and the lower fixture 22.

[0042] Specifically, the vertical image acquisition system includes a vertical guide rail 41, a sliding seat 42, a sliding drive assembly 43, and a camera element 44. The vertical guide rail 41 is vertically installed on the vertical beam of the gantry 12, the sliding seat 42 is vertically slidably connected to the vertical guide rail 41, the sliding drive assembly 43 is used to drive the sliding seat 42 to slide up and down along the vertical guide rail 41, and the camera element 44 is installed on the sliding seat 42.

[0043] Through the above settings, the vertical image acquisition system can collect the state changes of the tensile deformation and fracture process of the product to be detected between the upper fixture 21 and the lower fixture 22 as a whole through the imaging element 44; at the same time, during the tensile strength detection process, tensile deformation or fracture will first occur in some areas of the product to be detected. We define these areas as the core tensile deformation area and the core fracture area on the product to be detected. During the image / video acquisition process, the imaging element 44 can approach the core tensile deformation area and the core fracture area under the driving action of the sliding seat 42 and the sliding drive assembly 43, and collect the more subtle, clearer, and more important state changes of the tensile deformation and fracture process in this area. Based on the collected image / video data and combined with the curve graph detected on the computer software, the staff can quickly analyze whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified; at the same time, it can also be determined by viewing the process images or backtracking the video multiple times, without the need for multiple detections. Compared with the existing detection methods, the entire detection process is more intuitive, the detection efficiency is higher, and the detection accuracy is also higher.

[0044] Refer to Figure 3 、 Figure 4 Specifically, a guide groove 411 is provided on one side of the vertical guide rail 41 facing the installation of the sliding seat 42 along the length direction of the vertical guide rail 41, and a slider corresponding to the sliding seat 42 is provided and can be slidably connected to the guide groove 411; a toothed belt installation groove 412 is provided on any one side of the vertical guide rail 41 in the side direction along the length direction; supports 413 are installed at both ends of the vertical guide rail 41, and the supports 413 are fixedly installed on the vertical beams of the gantry 12, and an interval space for installing other components is left between the vertical guide rail 41 and the vertical beam.

[0045] The sliding seat 42 includes an equipment installation table 421, a sliding back plate 422, and a connecting rod 423. The imaging element 44 is installed on the equipment installation table 421, and the equipment installation table 421 is slidably connected to the guide groove 411 of the vertical guide rail 41; the sliding back plate 422 is disposed opposite to the equipment installation table 421 and is located on the side of the vertical guide rail 41 away from the equipment installation table 421; there are multiple connecting rods 423 and they are distributed on both sides of the vertical guide rail 41. One end of the connecting rod 423 is fixed to the sliding back plate 422 and the other end is fixed to the equipment installation table 421, and the rod body of the connecting rod 423 is in contact with the vertical guide rail 41.

[0046] Through the above settings, the equipment installation table 421, the sliding back plate 422, and the connecting rod 423 cooperate to form a quadrilateral sliding space, which is equivalent to contacting the vertical guide rail 41 from four sides, and can be more stable during the sliding process, providing a more stable imaging environment for the imaging element 44.

[0047] The equipment installation platform 421 includes a sliding plate 4211, a reference plate 4212, a panel 4213, a clamping plate 4214, and a U-shaped mounting seat 4215. The sliding plate 4211, the reference plate 4212, and the panel 4213 are all circular and their central axes coincide. The sliding plate 4211 is slidably connected to the guiding groove 411 of the vertical guide rail 41 through a slider; the reference plate 4212 is located on the side of the sliding plate 4211 away from the vertical guide rail 41, and a vibration damping assembly 4216 is installed between the reference plate 4212 and the sliding plate 4211 for reducing the vibration transmitted from the gantry 12 after the product to be detected breaks; the panel 4213 is located on the side of the reference plate 4212 away from the sliding plate 4211. The diameter of the panel 4213 is larger than that of the reference plate 4212. A turntable is rotatably connected to the surface of the panel 4213 facing the reference plate 4212. The central axis of the turntable coincides with the central axis of the panel 4213. A rotating shaft is provided at the center of the turntable and the turntable is rotatably connected to the panel 4213 through the rotating shaft; on the surface of the turntable facing the reference plate 4212, a driven gear 42121 is fixedly connected. The central axis of the driven gear 42121 coincides with the central axis of the panel 4213. The diameter of the turntable is smaller than that of the driven gear 42121. The driven gear 42121 is fixedly connected to the reference plate 4212. The turntable, the driven gear 42121, and the reference plate 4212 are preferably integrally formed to have higher stability and accuracy. There are two clamping plates 4214, which are arranged oppositely with the central axis of the panel 4213 as the symmetry center and are fixedly connected to the surface of the panel 4213 away from the reference plate 4212; the U-shaped mounting seat 4215 is rotatably mounted on the two clamping plates 4214 with the two side edges on both sides of the opening; the imaging element 44 is installed on the U-shaped mounting seat 4215.

[0048] The sliding driving assembly 43 includes a sliding driving member 431, a toothed belt pulley 432, a tension pulley 433, and a toothed belt 434. The sliding driving member 431 can be a servo motor. The sliding driving member 431 is installed on the sliding back plate 422; the toothed belt pulley 432 is installed on the output end of the sliding driving member 431 and is opposite to the toothed belt installation groove 412; there are two tension pulleys 433, which are respectively located on both sides of the toothed belt pulley 432. One end of the tension pulley 433 is rotatably connected to the sliding back plate 422 and the other end is rotatably connected to the sliding plate 4211. The tension pulley 433 is in rolling connection with the toothed belt installation groove 412; the middle part of the toothed belt 434 is meshed with the toothed belt pulley 432 and both ends are tensioned and fixedly connected to both ends in the toothed belt installation groove 412; the tension pulley 433 tensions and presses the toothed belt 434 in the toothed belt installation groove 412.

[0049] With the above settings, after the sliding drive member 431 starts to operate, the toothed pulley 432 starts to rotate, and drives the equipment mounting table 421 to slide up and down through meshing transmission with the toothed belt 434; a part of the outer circumference of the two tension pulleys 433 is located in the toothed belt mounting groove 412. On the one hand, this can play a good tensioning role for the toothed belt 434. Secondly, it can guide the toothed belt 434 to always be located in the toothed belt mounting groove 412, and there will be no situation of belt slipping or deviation. Moreover, it can play a guiding role in the sliding direction of the sliding seat 42, making the sliding of the sliding seat 42 more stable.

[0050] A rotation drive assembly 45 is also provided on the equipment mounting table 421. The rotation drive assembly 45 includes a rotation drive member 451 and a rotation drive gear 452. The rotation drive member 451 is installed on the panel 4213; the rotation drive gear 452 is installed on the output end of the rotation drive member 451 and meshes with the driven gear 42121.

[0051] With the above settings, when the rotation drive member 451 operates, the rotation drive gear 452 starts to rotate, and drives the panel 4213 to rotate through meshing transmission with the driven gear 42121, thereby adjusting the horizontal or vertical direction of the imaging of the imaging element 44. Generally, for the products to be detected with a short length, horizontal angle shooting can be adopted, so that the shooting angle is better and the imaging is more in line with the human observation angle; for the longer products to be detected, vertical angle shooting is mainly adopted to better image the products to be detected; of course, for some special-shaped bars, an inclined angle can also be adopted, such as shooting from the diagonal angle of the imaging frame of the imaging element 44.

[0052] A swing drive assembly 46 is also provided on the equipment mounting table 421. The swing drive assembly 46 includes a swing drive member 461, a swing drive gear 462, and a swing driven gear 463. The swing drive member 461 is installed on any one of the two clamping plates 4214. The output end of the swing drive member 461 is parallel to the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting seat 4215 and the clamping plate 4214; the swing drive gear 462 is installed on the output end of the swing drive member 461; the swing driven gear 463 is installed on the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting seat 4215 and the clamping plate 4214. The swing driven gear 463 and the rotating shaft are in interference fit and are fixedly connected to the U-shaped mounting seat 4215; the swing drive gear 462 and the swing driven gear 463 are meshed with each other.

[0053] With the above settings, when the swing drive member 461 operates, the swing drive gear 462 starts to rotate, and drives the U-shaped mounting seat 4215 to swing through meshing transmission with the swing driven gear 463, thereby adjusting the inclination angle of the imaging of the imaging element 44. The swing drive assembly 46 is mainly used when adjusting the shooting position on the outer periphery of the product to be detected or avoiding direct indoor and outdoor light sources 51 to obtain better clarity.

[0054] Referring to Figure 4 、 Figure 5 The shock-absorbing assembly 4216 can be composed of multiple segments of springs. The multiple segments of springs form an annular structure, with an interval space left between every two segments of springs. This can not only avoid deformation interference between the springs but also facilitate the installation of the springs. The central axis of the annular structure formed by the multiple segments of springs coincides with the central axes of the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212, and the annular structure formed by the multiple segments of springs is located at the outer edges of the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212. One side of the annular structure formed by the multiple segments of springs is connected to the sliding plate 4211 and the other side is connected to the reference plate 4212. Perforations are equally spaced at the positions of the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212 corresponding to the springs, and the springs pass through the perforations on the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212 in sequence along their helical directions.

[0055] Through the above settings, the annular structure formed by the multiple segments of springs has sufficient strength on the one hand, and the installation position is located at the outer edges of the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212, which can provide a relatively stable shooting environment. When the vibration is transmitted after the product to be detected breaks, the annular structure formed by the multiple segments of springs can not only appropriately cancel the vibration in the horizontal direction, but also cancel the vibration in the vertical direction, and can also cancel other vibrations with disordered directions. Moreover, the springs are connected to the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212 by perforations. Compared with direct fixed connection, the springs and the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212 can also have a moving space at the perforation positions during the vibration cancellation process, that is, they can further cancel the vibration through reciprocating movement. Overall, it can provide a relatively stable shooting environment for the imaging element 44 and can obtain clearer images / videos of the product to be detected when it breaks. Embodiment

[0056] A product defect detection device based on machine vision, referring to Figure 6 In this embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment is that the structure of the shock-absorbing assembly 4216 is different. Specifically, the shock-absorbing assembly 4216 includes multiple groups of shock-absorbing units arranged obliquely. An annular retaining edge 42111 extends around the outer edge of the sliding plate 4211 towards the direction close to the reference plate 4212. A prism 42122 protrudes towards the direction close to the sliding plate 4211 at the central position of the side of the reference plate 4212 facing the sliding plate 4211. The multiple groups of shock-absorbing units arranged obliquely are distributed in an annular array at equal intervals and one end is fixedly connected to the prism 42122 and the other end is fixedly connected to the retaining edge 42111.

[0057] Through the above settings, multiple sets of obliquely arranged damping units form numerous triangular frameworks between the sliding plate 4211 and the reference plate 4212, which can not only appropriately offset vibrations in the horizontal direction, but also offset vibrations in the vertical direction and other vibrations with disordered directions; as a whole, it can provide a relatively stable shooting environment for the imaging element 44 and can obtain clearer images / videos of the product to be detected when it breaks.

[0058] Specifically, the damping unit includes an obliquely supporting rib 42161, an elastic damping plate 42162, and an angle plate 42163. The obliquely supporting rib 42161 can be made of a rectangular bar-shaped material; there are six elastic damping plates 42162, divided into two groups, located at both ends of the obliquely supporting rib 42161 respectively. Each group of elastic damping plates 42162 is arranged in parallel. One end of each group of elastic damping plates 42162 is fixedly connected to the obliquely supporting rib 42161 and the other end extends in a divergent manner in the direction of mutual separation; the angle plate 42163 is a right-angle plate, with every two as a group, corresponding to the two groups of elastic damping plates 42162 respectively. The end of each group of elastic damping plates 42162 is fixedly connected to the inner corner side of the corresponding angle plate 42163, and the outer corner side of the angle plate 42163 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 4211 and the retaining edge 42111 or the reference plate 4212 and the prism 42122.

[0059] Through the above settings, the obliquely supporting rib 42161 mainly plays a supporting role. Each group of elastic damping plates 42162, relying on their own elasticity, can offset vibrations in the vertical direction, can also offset vibrations in the vertical direction, and can also offset other vibrations with disordered directions; it can better reduce the vibrations transmitted from the sliding plate 4211 to the reference plate 4212 and provide a relatively stable shooting environment for the imaging element. Embodiment

[0060] A product defect detection device based on machine vision, referring to Figure 7 、 Figure 8 The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the image acquisition system 4 further includes a horizontal image acquisition system. Since the middle part of the product to be detected is most likely to undergo tensile deformation and fracture, and at the same time, for rod-shaped products, image acquisition from only one angle is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, setting up a horizontal image acquisition system can perform image / video acquisition of the stretching deformation and fracture process of a partial area on the outer periphery of the middle part of the product to be detected from the horizontal direction, further improving the intuitiveness and accuracy of the detection process.

[0061] Specifically, the core difference between the horizontal image acquisition system and the vertical image acquisition system is that the horizontal image acquisition system uses an arc-shaped guide rail 47. The central axis of the arc-shaped guide rail 47 coincides with the central axis of the fixture 2. The outer peripheral length of the arc-shaped guide rail 47 is less than half of a circle to avoid interfering with the operation of the vertical image acquisition system. At both ends of the arc-shaped guide rail 47, there are mounting crossbeams extending towards the vertical beams of the gantry 12 to stably fix the arc-shaped guide rail 47 on the gantry 12. Furthermore, the sliding seat 42 is located above the arc-shaped guide rail 47, that is, the equipment mounting table 421 is located above the arc-shaped guide rail 47, which can provide a better lighting environment for the imaging element 44 and is conducive to collecting images / videos without shading interference. The imaging window of the imaging element 44 faces the middle part of the product to be detected in the horizontal direction.

[0062] With the above settings, when the sliding driving member 431 starts to operate, the toothed pulley 432 starts to rotate, and drives the equipment mounting table 421 to slide along the arc-shaped guide rail 47 through meshing transmission with the toothed belt 434. Furthermore, it drives the imaging element 44 to collect images / videos of the stretching deformation and fracture processes in a partial area around the outer periphery of the middle part of the product to be detected in the horizontal direction. Since the imaging range that the imaging element 44 can collect is relatively wide, the deformation of all areas around the outer periphery of the middle part of the product to be detected can be basically collected by moving along the arc-shaped guide rail 47. In this embodiment, stating the partial area of the outer periphery is mainly for the sake of rigor in description. Embodiment

[0063] A product defect detection device based on machine vision, referring to Figure 9 、 Figure 10 This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it further includes an environmental assistance system 5. The environmental assistance system 5 includes a light source 51 and a curtain 52. The light source 51 is mainly used to supplement light for the image acquisition system 4 when the external light is insufficient. The curtain 52 is mainly used to block external interfering light, such as direct or oblique or strong light at other angles or color light that is not conducive to imaging.

[0064] Specifically, the light source 51 includes several lamps installed on the vertical beams and crossbeams of the gantry 12. The lamps are mainly photographic lamps and LED lamps, and 1 - 2 separately controllable flashlights can also be installed. The installation position of the lamps mainly needs to avoid direct irradiation of the imaging element 44, and a more appropriate installation position is behind the imaging window of the imaging element 44.

[0065] Specifically, the curtain 52 includes a light-shielding curtain 521, a lifting rope 522, a fixed pulley 523, a traction pulley 524, and a curtain driving mechanism 525. The light-shielding curtain 521 is made of a flexible material, such as light-shielding cloth or other materials. Both ends of the light-shielding curtain 521 in the horizontal direction extend to the vertical beams of the gantry 12. After being unfolded in the vertical direction, the light-shielding curtain 521 can block the area where the imaging element 44 is located in the middle of the gantry 12, mainly to block the irradiation of adverse light from the outside (inside the detection room). A large light-shielding curtain 521 that can block the space on one side of the entire gantry 12 can also be selected. Preferably, it is still the small light-shielding curtain 521 that only blocks the area of the imaging element 44 as shown in the figure. In this way, it can not only achieve a sufficient light-shielding effect but also be more convenient when pulling up or down; there are multiple lifting ropes 522, which are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction. The number of fixed pulleys 523 is the same as the number of lifting ropes 522. The fixed pulleys 523 are evenly installed on the cross beam of the gantry 12. The lower end of the lifting rope 522 is connected to the light-shielding curtain 521, and the upper end is wound around the fixed pulley 523 and then connected to the traction pulley 524; in order to better pull up or down the light-shielding curtain 521 with the lifting rope 522, a counterweight strip 5211 is fixed along the length direction at the lower edge of the light-shielding curtain 521. The lower end of the lifting rope 522 is fixed to the counterweight strip 5211. A vertical cloth sleeve is provided at the position of the light-shielding curtain 521 corresponding to the lifting rope 522. The lifting rope 522 passes through the cloth sleeve. In this way, when the light-shielding curtain 521 is lowered, the light-shielding curtain 521 can be more easily unfolded downward under the driving action of the counterweight strip 5211. At the same time, when the light-shielding curtain 521 is retracted upward, it can not only be pulled up to remove the blockage of external light, but also be pleated at a position close to the fixed pulley 523, occupying less space and being beneficial to the image acquisition of the imaging element 44.

[0066] Specifically, the curtain 52 mainly realizes the pulling up and lowering of the light-shielding curtain 521 by driving the traction wheel 524 to rotate forward and backward. The curtain driving mechanism 525 includes a traction driving member 5251, a driving pulley 5252, a driven pulley 5253, a main transmission belt 5254, a counterweight 5255 and an intermediate transmission belt 5256. A bracket is provided on one vertical beam of the gantry 12, and the traction driving member 5251 is installed on the bracket. The traction driving member 5251 can be a servo motor. The driving pulley 5252 is installed at the output end of the traction driving member 5251, the driven pulley 5253 is rotatably installed on the bracket, and the main transmission belt 5254 is tensioned and installed on the driving pulley 5252 and the driven pulley 5253. The counterweight 5255 is fixed to one side of the main transmission belt 5254. An intermediate pulley 5241 is coaxially installed on the traction wheel 524, and the intermediate pulley 5241 is fixedly connected to the traction wheel 524. One end of the intermediate transmission belt 5256 is wound and connected to the intermediate pulley 5241 and the other end is fixedly connected to the counterweight 5255. The winding direction of the lifting rope 522 on the traction wheel 524 is opposite to the winding direction of the intermediate transmission belt 5256 on the intermediate pulley 5241.

[0067] With the above settings, when the traction driving member 5251 starts to operate, the driving pulley 5252 and the driven pulley 5253 drive the main transmission belt 5254 to transmit power, thereby driving the counterweight 5255 to move up and down. The counterweight 5255 pulls the intermediate rotating belt to move down or up, thereby driving the intermediate pulley 5241, that is, the traction wheel 524, to wind and unwind the lifting rope 522, so as to pull up and fold or lower and unfold the light-shielding curtain 521.

[0068] The implementation principle of this application is as follows: A product defect detection method based on machine vision, specifically including the following steps: First, operate the loading system 3 to move the lower fixture 22 away from the upper fixture 21, install the product to be detected in the lower fixture 22, and then operate the loading system 3 again to move the lower fixture 22 closer to the upper fixture 21 and finally insert the product to be detected into the upper fixture 21, and tighten the upper fixture 21; Then, turn on the vertical image acquisition system and the horizontal image acquisition system in the image acquisition system 4, and adjust the initial acquisition position of the imaging element 44; Then, take test images / videos, observe the imaging quality, and judge whether there is a need for supplementary lighting or shading. After the test, adaptively operate the light source 51 or the curtain 52 for supplementary lighting or shading; Then, clear the initial acquisition of the imaging element 44 and adjust it to the preparatory acquisition state; Then, observe whether the data settings on the computer software match the product to be detected. After determining that they match, adjust it to the preparatory detection state; Then, synchronously turn on the tensile strength detection and the image acquisition system 4; Finally, compare the curve graph detected on the computer software with the images / videos acquired by the imaging element 44. Because the time is synchronous, the curve changes in the curve graph correspond to the changes in the images / videos. The staff can quickly and accurately judge whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified.

[0069] The embodiments of this specific implementation manner are all preferred embodiments of this application, and do not limit the protection scope of this application accordingly. The same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application shall be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A product defect detection device based on machine vision, comprising a frame (1), a fixture (2) and a loading system (3); the frame (1) includes an operating table (11) and a gantry (12) installed on the operating table (11); the fixture (2) includes an upper fixture (21) and a lower fixture (22) arranged oppositely up and down; the loading system (3) is installed on the frame (1) and is used to drive the upper fixture (21) and the lower fixture (22) to approach or move away from each other, characterized in that, on one side of the vertical beam of the gantry (12) close to the fixture (2), an image acquisition system (4) is further provided, and the image acquisition system (4) is a vertical image acquisition system (4) for acquiring the state changes of the tensile deformation and fracture process of the product to be detected between the upper fixture (21) and the lower fixture (22); the vertical image acquisition system (4) includes a vertical guide rail (41), a sliding seat (42), a sliding drive assembly (43) and a camera element (44); the vertical guide rail (41) is vertically installed on the vertical beam of the gantry (12); the sliding seat (42) is vertically slidably connected to the vertical guide rail (41); the sliding drive assembly (43) is used to drive the sliding seat (42) to slide up and down along the vertical guide rail (41), and the camera element (44) is installed on the sliding seat (42); the sliding seat (42) includes an equipment installation table (421), a sliding back plate (422) and a connecting rod (423); the equipment installation table (421) includes a sliding plate (4211), a reference plate (4212), a panel (4213), a clamping plate (4214) and a U-shaped mounting seat (4215); the sliding plate (4211), the reference plate (4212) and the panel (4213) are all circular and their central axes coincide, the sliding plate (4211) is slidably connected to the vertical guide rail (41); the reference plate (4212) is located on the side of the sliding plate (4211) away from the vertical guide rail (41); the panel (4213) is located on the side of the reference plate (4212) away from the sliding plate (4211); there are two clamping plates (4214), which are relatively fixed on the panel (4213); the U-shaped mounting seat (4215) is installed on the two clamping plates (4214); the camera element (44) is installed on the U-shaped mounting seat (4215); the sliding back plate (422) is located on the side of the vertical guide rail (41) away from the equipment installation table (421); one end of the connecting rod (423) is fixed to the sliding back plate (422) and the other end is fixed to the equipment installation table (421).

2. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, wherein The vertical guide rail (41) is provided with a toothed belt installation groove (412) along its length direction; the sliding drive assembly (43) includes a sliding drive member (431), a toothed belt pulley (432), a tensioning pulley (433) and a toothed belt (434), and the sliding drive member (431) is installed on the sliding back plate (422); the toothed belt pulley (432) is installed at the output end of the sliding drive member (431) and is opposite to the toothed belt installation groove (412); there are two tensioning pulleys (433), which are respectively located on both sides of the toothed belt pulley (432). One end of the tensioning pulley (433) is rotatably connected to the sliding back plate (422) and the other end is rotatably connected to the sliding plate (4211), and the tensioning pulley (433) is in rolling connection with the toothed belt installation groove (412); the middle part of the toothed belt (434) is meshed with the toothed belt pulley (432) and both ends are tensioned and fixedly connected to both ends in the toothed belt installation groove (412).

3. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, A turntable is rotatably connected coaxially on the surface of the panel (4213) facing the reference plate (4212); a driven gear (42121) is fixedly connected on the surface of the turntable facing the reference plate (4212), and the central axis of the driven gear (42121) coincides with the central axis of the panel (4213); a rotation drive assembly (45) is further provided on the equipment mounting table (421), and the rotation drive assembly (45) includes a rotation drive member (451) and a rotation drive gear (452); the rotation drive member (451) is installed on the panel (4213); the rotation drive gear (452) is installed at the output end of the rotation drive member (451) and is meshed with the driven gear (42121).

4. A product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The U-shaped mounting seat (4215) is rotatably mounted on two clamping plates (4214) by two side edges on both sides of the opening; a swing drive assembly (46) is further provided on the equipment mounting table (421), and the swing drive assembly (46) includes a swing drive member (461), a swing drive gear (462), and a swing driven gear (463); the swing drive member (461) is installed on any one of the two clamping plates (4214), and the output end of the swing drive member (461) is parallel to the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting seat (4215) and the clamping plate (4214); the swing drive gear (462) is installed at the output end of the swing drive member (461); the swing driven gear (463) is installed on the rotating shaft between the U-shaped mounting seat (4215) and the clamping plate (4214), the swing driven gear (463) is in interference fit with the rotating shaft and is fixedly connected to the U-shaped mounting seat (4215); the swing drive gear (462) and the swing driven gear (463) are meshed with each other.

5. A product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, A vibration damping component (4216) is installed between the reference plate (4212) and the sliding plate (4211).

6. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 5, characterized in that, The damping component (4216) is an annular structure composed of multiple segments of springs, with an interval space left between every two segments of springs; the central axis of the annular structure composed of multiple segments of springs coincides with the central axes of the sliding plate (4211) and the reference plate (4212), and the annular structure composed of multiple segments of springs is located at the outer edges of the sliding plate (4211) and the reference plate (4212); one side of the annular structure composed of multiple segments of springs is connected to the sliding plate (4211) and the other side is connected to the reference plate (4212), and perforations are equally spaced at the positions of the sliding plate (4211) and the reference plate (4212) corresponding to the springs, and the springs pass through the perforations on the sliding plate (4211) and the reference plate (4212) in sequence along their helical directions.

7. An apparatus for detecting product defects based on machine vision according to claim 5, characterized in that, The damping component (4216) includes multiple groups of obliquely arranged damping units; an annular retaining edge (42111) extends around the outer edge of the sliding plate (4211) in a direction approaching the reference plate (4212); a prism (42122) protrudes in a direction approaching the sliding plate (4211) at the central position of the side of the reference plate (4212) facing the sliding plate (4211); multiple groups of obliquely arranged damping units are distributed in an annular array at equal intervals and one end is fixedly connected to the prism (42122) and the other end is fixedly connected to the retaining edge (42111); the damping unit includes an obliquely supporting rib (42161), an elastic damping plate (42162) and an angle plate (42163); there are six elastic damping plates (42162), divided into two groups, respectively located at both ends of the obliquely supporting rib (42161), and each group of elastic damping plates (42162) is arranged in parallel, and one end of each group of elastic damping plates (42162) is fixedly connected to the obliquely supporting rib (42161) and the other end extends in a divergent manner in a direction away from each other; the angle plate (42163) is a right-angle plate, with every two forming a group, corresponding to the two groups of elastic damping plates (42162) respectively, and the end of each group of elastic damping plates (42162) is fixedly connected to the inner corner side of the corresponding angle plate (42163), and the outer corner side of the angle plate (42163) is fixedly connected to the sliding plate (4211) and the retaining edge (42111) or the reference plate (4212) and the prism (42122).

8. The product defect detection device based on machine vision according to claim 1, characterized in that, An environmental assistance system (5) is provided on the gantry (12). The environmental assistance system (5) includes a light source (51) for supplementing light and a curtain (52) for blocking external interfering light. The curtain (52) includes a light-shielding curtain (521), a lifting rope (522), a fixed pulley (523), a traction wheel (524), and a curtain driving mechanism (525). Both ends of the light-shielding curtain (521) in the horizontal direction extend to the vertical beams of the gantry (12). After the light-shielding curtain (521) is unfolded in the vertical direction, it blocks the area where the imaging element (44) exists in the middle of the gantry (12). There are multiple lifting ropes (522), which are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction. The number of fixed pulleys (523) is the same as the number of lifting ropes (522). The fixed pulleys (523) are equally spaced and installed on the cross beam of the gantry (12). The lower ends of the lifting ropes (522) are connected to the light-shielding curtain (521), and the upper ends are wound around the fixed pulleys (523) and then connected to the traction wheel (524). A counterweight strip (5211) is fixed along the length direction of the lower edge of the light-shielding curtain (521). The lower ends of the lifting ropes (522) are fixed to the counterweight strip (5211). Vertical cloth sleeves are provided on the light-shielding curtain (521) at positions corresponding to the lifting ropes (522), and the lifting ropes (522) pass through the cloth sleeves.

9. A product defect detection method based on machine vision, characterized in that, Adopt a product defect detection device based on machine vision according to any one of claims 1-8, including the following steps, First, install the product to be detected in the fixture (2); Then, turn on the image acquisition system (4) and adjust the initial acquisition position of the imaging element (44); Then, take a test image / video, observe the imaging quality, judge whether there is a need for supplementary light or light shielding, and perform adaptive operations on the light source (51) or the curtain (52) to supplement light or block light after the test; Then, clear the initial acquisition of the imaging element (44) and adjust it to the preparatory acquisition state; Then, observe whether the data setting on the computer software conforms to the product to be detected. After determining that it conforms, adjust it to the preparatory detection state; Then, synchronously turn on the tensile strength detection and the image acquisition system (4); Finally, compare the curve graph detected on the computer software with the image / video acquired by the imaging element (44) to judge whether the tensile strength of the product to be detected is qualified.

Images