Capacitance detection method, storage medium, controller, vehicle and program product

Abstract

The invention relates to a capacitance detection method, a storage medium, a controller, a vehicle and a program product, and the capacitance detection method comprises the steps: obtaining electrical data of a target capacitor in a power system of the vehicle, the electrical data comprising at least one of charging data and discharging data; according to the electrical data, a target detection result of the target capacitor is obtained, and the target detection result represents the abnormal condition of the target capacitor. The inventor finds that the charging data and the discharging data of the capacitor are influenced when the capacitor is abnormal, so that the capacitor detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention directly obtains the charging data and / or the discharging data of the target capacitor in the power system of the vehicle, and the target capacitor is detected according to the charging data and / or the discharging data; and obtaining a corresponding target detection result. The charging data and / or the discharging data of the target capacitor can be obtained from the real-time message and the background data of the vehicle, so that any detection equipment does not need to be added, and the target capacitor does not need to be detached from the power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of capacitors, and particularly to a capacitor detection method, a storage medium, a controller, a vehicle, and a program product. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles usually set a large-capacity target capacitor in the power system and utilize the characteristics of the target capacitor to ensure the reliability of the power battery charging. For example, when charging or discharging the power battery, first charge the target capacitor through a pre-charge circuit. When the target capacitor is fully charged, then charge or discharge the power battery through a standard circuit, thereby being able to avoid the problem of contactor spark arcing caused by directly conducting the standard circuit, reduce the impact, and increase safety.

[0003] As an electronic product, a capacitor has a certain lifespan. As the usage time increases, the capacitor is prone to abnormalities and may directly fail in severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the target capacitor in the power system to facilitate timely discovery of abnormalities in the target capacitor, so that relevant measures can be taken.

[0004] Existing solutions usually additionally set up relevant detection devices, remove the target capacitor from the power system, and then use the set detection devices to perform relevant detections on the target capacitor to determine whether the target capacitor is abnormal. Due to the need to externally connect detection devices in existing solutions, the detection efficiency is low and the cost required for detection is high. Due to the need to remove the target capacitor from the power system in existing solutions, it is impossible to detect the target capacitor during operation, and the limitations are large. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a capacitor detection method, a storage medium, a controller, a vehicle, and a program product, which directly obtain the charging data and / or discharging data of the target capacitor in the power system of the vehicle, and thus detect the target capacitor according to the charging data and / or discharging data to obtain a corresponding target detection result, so as to at least partially solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present application, a capacitor detection method is provided, including: Obtain the electrical property data of the target capacitor in the power system of the vehicle, where the electrical property data includes at least one of charging data and discharging data; According to the electrical property data, obtain the target detection result of the target capacitor, where the target detection result characterizes the abnormal situation of the target capacitor.

[0007] Optionally, the electrical property data includes charging data, and the charging data includes the charging time for charging the target capacitor from a first initial voltage to a first target voltage; obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical property data includes: If the charging time is less than the first preset time, a target detection result indicating an abnormality of the target capacitor is obtained; If the charging time is not less than the first preset time, a target detection result indicating the normality of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0008] Optionally, the electrical data includes charging data, and the charging data includes the charging time for charging the target capacitor from the first initial voltage to the first target voltage; obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data includes: According to the charging time and the first preset time, a first ratio representing the proportional relationship between the charging time and the first preset time is obtained; If the first ratio is less than the first preset ratio, a target detection result indicating an abnormality of the target capacitor is obtained; If the first ratio is not less than the first preset ratio, a target detection result indicating the normality of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0009] Optionally, the electrical data includes charging data, and the charging data includes the charging rate for charging the target capacitor from the first initial voltage to the first target voltage; obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data includes: If the charging rate is greater than the first preset rate, a target detection result indicating an abnormality of the target capacitor is obtained; If the charging rate is not greater than the first preset rate, a target detection result indicating the normality of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0010] Optionally, the electrical data includes discharging data, and the discharging data includes the discharging time for discharging the target capacitor from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage; obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data includes: If the discharging time is less than the second preset time, a target detection result indicating an abnormality of the target capacitor is obtained; If the discharging time is not less than the second preset time, a target detection result indicating the normality of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0011] Optionally, the electrical data includes discharging data, and the discharging data includes the discharging time for discharging the target capacitor from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage; obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data includes: According to the discharging time and the second preset time, a second ratio representing the proportional relationship between the discharging time and the second preset time is obtained; If the second ratio is less than the second preset ratio, a target detection result indicating an abnormality of the target capacitor is obtained; If the second ratio is not less than the second preset ratio, a target detection result indicating the normality of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0012] Optionally, the electrical data includes discharge data, and the discharge data includes the discharge rate of discharging the target capacitor from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage; obtaining a target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data includes: If the discharge rate is greater than the second preset rate, obtain a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal; If the discharge rate is not greater than the second preset rate, obtain a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal.

[0013] Optionally, the electrical data includes charging data and discharge data; obtaining a target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data includes: Obtain a first initial detection result of the target capacitor according to the charging data; obtain a second initial detection result of the target capacitor according to the discharge data; Obtain a target detection result according to the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result.

[0014] Optionally, the charging data includes the charging time of charging the target capacitor from the first initial voltage to the first target voltage, and the first initial detection result includes a first ratio characterizing the proportional relationship between the charging time and the first preset time; the discharge data includes the discharge time of discharging the target capacitor from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage, and the second initial detection result includes a second ratio characterizing the proportional relationship between the discharge time and the second preset time; Obtaining a target detection result according to the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result includes: If the first ratio is less than the first preset ratio and the second ratio is less than the second preset ratio, determine the first ratio product value of the first ratio and the second ratio; Obtain a target detection result according to the first ratio product value and the second ratio product value of the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio.

[0015] Optionally, obtaining a target detection result according to the first ratio product value and the second ratio product value of the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio includes: If the first ratio product value is within the first multiple range of the second ratio product value, obtain a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal; If the first ratio product value is within the second multiple range of the second ratio product value, obtain a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a first-level abnormality; If the first ratio product value is within the third multiple range of the second ratio product value, obtain a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a second-level abnormality; Wherein, the minimum value of the first multiple range is greater than the maximum value of the second multiple range, and the minimum value of the second multiple range is greater than the maximum value of the third multiple range.

[0016] Optionally, the charging data includes the charging rate for charging the target capacitor from the first initial voltage to the first target voltage, and the first initial detection result characterizes the magnitude relationship between the charging rate and the first preset rate; the discharging data includes the discharging rate for discharging the target capacitor from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage, and the second initial detection result characterizes the magnitude relationship between the discharging rate and the second preset rate; Based on the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result, a target detection result is obtained, including: If the charging rate is greater than the first preset rate and the discharging rate is greater than the second preset rate, then determine the first rate product value of the charging rate and the discharging rate; Based on the first rate product value and the second rate product value of the first preset rate and the second preset rate, obtain the target detection result.

[0017] Optionally, based on the first rate product value and the second rate product value of the first preset rate and the second preset rate, obtaining the target detection result includes: If the first rate product value is within the fourth multiple range of the second rate product value, then obtain the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal; If the first rate product value is within the fifth multiple range of the second rate product value, then obtain the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a first-level abnormality; If the first rate product value is within the sixth multiple range of the second rate product value, then obtain the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a second-level abnormality; Wherein, the maximum value of the fourth multiple range is less than the minimum value of the fifth multiple range, and the maximum value of the fifth multiple range is less than the minimum value of the sixth multiple range.

[0018] According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the capacitor detection method in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0019] According to a third aspect of the present application, there is provided a controller, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the capacitor detection method in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0020] According to a fourth aspect of the present application, there is provided a vehicle, including the controller in any of the above embodiments.

[0021] According to a fifth aspect of the present application, there is provided a computer program product, including a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the capacitor detection method in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0022] The inventors of the present application have found that when a capacitor malfunctions, it will affect its charging data and discharging data. Therefore, in the capacitor detection method of the embodiments of the present application, the charging data and / or discharging data of the target capacitor in the vehicle's power system are directly obtained, and then the target capacitor is detected based on the charging data and / or discharging data to obtain the corresponding target detection result. Since the charging data and / or discharging data of the target capacitor can be obtained from the vehicle's real-time messages and background data, there is no need to add any detection equipment, nor to remove the target capacitor from the power system. Since there is no need to externally connect detection equipment, the detection efficiency can be improved and the detection cost can be reduced. Since there is no need to remove the target capacitor from the power system, the target capacitor can be detected during operation, with less limitation.

[0023] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the following specific implementation section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0025] To more fully understand the present application and its beneficial effects, the following will be described in conjunction with the drawings, where the same reference numerals in the following description represent the same parts.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the bathtub curve provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power system provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the charging circuit provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the discharge circuit provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the flowchart of the capacitor detection method provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the change curve of the voltage and current of the target capacitor during charging provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the change curve of the voltage and current of the target capacitor during discharging provided in the exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 8It is a schematic flowchart showing both charging time and discharging time provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 It is a schematic flowchart showing both charging rate and discharging rate provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of a controller provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 It is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0028] As an illustration, the failure rate of a capacitor conforms to the "bathtub curve", as Figure 1 shown. The curve is divided into three regions. Region A is early failure, and this failure interval is related to inherent defects, which are usually generated during the production process or caused by poor dielectric materials; Region B is random failure, and failures occur randomly or are caused by operating conditions in this region, such as short circuits, surges generated by switches, etc., and the occurrence probability in this region is relatively low. Region C is fatigue failure, and this kind of failure is the result of the fatigue damage of the insulating dielectric due to the influence of temperature and electrical stress, and usually causes the deterioration of the entire dielectric system. Among the above three failure forms, most of the relatively poor batch products can be eliminated through outgoing inspection and other methods for early failure; however, both random failure and fatigue failure are uncontrollable. The above three failure forms determine that there will inevitably be a small number of products installed in the whole vehicle and flowing into the market. The failed capacitors will seriously affect the normal operation of the high-voltage system of the whole vehicle, pose a safety hazard to the driving vehicle, and endanger the life and property safety of the occupants.

[0029] According to the first aspect of the present application, a capacitor detection method is provided, and the capacitor detection method is used to detect a target capacitor in the power system of a vehicle.

[0030] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the power system of the vehicle includes a power battery BAT, a main positive contactor K1, a pre-charge contactor K2, a pre-charge resistor R1, a main negative contactor K3, a discharge resistor R2, and a target capacitor C. The power system is electrically connected to a charging pile through the target capacitor C and the corresponding distribution box and DC charging port to charge the power battery BAT based on the electric energy output by the charging pile. The power system is also electrically connected to a high-voltage load through the target capacitor C to supply power to the high-voltage load.

[0031] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown in the figure, the target capacitor C can form a loop with the power battery BAT, the main positive contactor K1, the pre-charge contactor K2, the pre-charge resistor R1, and the main negative contactor K3, so as to realize the charging or discharging of the power battery BAT. In addition, as Figure 4 shown in the figure, the target capacitor C can also form a discharge loop with the discharge resistor R2, so as to realize the energy discharge on the target capacitor C.

[0032] Among them, the target capacitor C can be the sum of the load capacitances of high-voltage loads such as motors, air-conditioning compressors, and DCDCs. Since it is a parallel relationship, it can be directly added during calculation. Since there are capacitive loads in the power system, when the loop is switched on, the high-voltage system relay will suddenly close. At this time, the charge quantity of the target capacitor C is zero. According to the transient characteristics of the circuit, the target capacitor is equivalent to a short circuit, and the loop resistance (including the internal resistance of the power battery BAT, the resistance of the high-voltage wire, the contact resistance of each contact point, the internal resistance of the fuse, etc.) is about dozens of milliohms, and the transient current of the high-voltage system becomes very large, thus generating a large current impact of several thousand amperes. If effective protection measures are not taken, this transient impact current will not only burn out the main positive contactor K1 and the main negative contactor K3, but also cause serious damage to the entire power system and other electrical equipment, and may also endanger the personal safety of the driver and passengers. Therefore, it is necessary to first weaken and eliminate the transient impact current through the pre-charge loop composed of the pre-charge contactor K2 and the pre-charge resistor R1 and other devices. When the DC bus power supply is cut off, the discharge process of the target capacitor C needs to be completed through the discharge resistor R2. Generally, it is required that the passive discharge function should make the high-voltage DC bus voltage drop to 60V or the AC side bus voltage drop to 30V (rms) within the specified time of the whole vehicle.

[0033] As Figure 5 shown in the figure, the capacitance detection method includes: Step 101, obtain the electrical property data of the target capacitor in the power system of the vehicle, and the electrical property data includes at least one of charging data and discharging data.

[0034] Among them, the inventors of the present application found that abnormal conditions of the target capacitor would affect electrical data such as charging data and discharging data. Therefore, one of the charging data and the discharging data can be directly obtained, and then the target capacitor can be detected and judged based on the charging data and the discharging data.

[0035] Among them, the corresponding controller in the vehicle itself can control the power system, including the charging control or discharging control of the power battery (in this process, the charging control of the target capacitor is included) and the discharging control of the target capacitor. Therefore, the charging data and discharging data required in this embodiment can be directly obtained from the real-time messages and background data of the vehicle, so that there is no need to additionally increase detection equipment to obtain other data for detection. It can be understood that since both the charging data and the discharging data are data generated during the operation of the target capacitor, the detection purpose can be achieved during the operation of the target capacitor. Therefore, it is not necessary to remove the target capacitor from the power system.

[0036] Step 102: Obtain a target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data, where the target detection result characterizes the abnormal condition of the target capacitor.

[0037] Among them, before performing this step, the charging data and discharging data of the target capacitor in the normal state can be pre-stored. Based on the "inventors found" mentioned above, when the target capacitor is abnormal, whether it is the charging data or the discharging data, there are certain differences between the directly obtained data and the stored data in the normal state. Therefore, the target capacitor can be detected according to whether there are differences between the directly obtained data and the stored data in the normal state and the magnitude of the differences when there are differences, and finally a target detection result characterizing the abnormal condition of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0038] Specifically, if only the charging data is considered, the directly obtained charging data can be compared with the stored charging data in the normal state, so as to determine whether there are differences at the charging data level and the magnitude of the differences when there are differences, and then the target capacitor can be detected, and finally a target detection result characterizing the abnormal condition of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0039] Among them, the charging data can refer to at least one of the charging time and charging rate of the target capacitor. The charging time can be understood as the time required for the target capacitor to charge from the first initial voltage to the first target voltage. Similarly, the charging rate can be understood as the rate corresponding to the target capacitor charging from the first initial voltage to the first target voltage, which can be obtained through the voltage change amount and the charging time, or can also be obtained through the unit time (when using the unit time, the corresponding voltage change amount is smaller, but it can still be represented by the difference between the first initial voltage and the first target voltage). When charging the power battery, it is usually necessary to charge the voltage of the target capacitor from zero to near the terminal voltage of the power battery (slightly less than the terminal voltage of the power battery). For example, taking the terminal voltage of the power battery as 1000V as an example, the first initial voltage can be set to 0V, and the first target voltage can be set to 970V.

[0040] Specifically, if only the discharge data is considered, the directly obtained discharge data can be compared with the stored discharge data in the normal state, so as to determine whether there is a difference at the discharge data level and the size of the difference when there is a difference, and then the target capacitor can be detected, and finally the target detection result indicating the abnormal situation of the target capacitor can be obtained.

[0041] Among them, the discharge data can refer to at least one of the discharge time and discharge rate of the target capacitor. The discharge time can be understood as the time required for the target capacitor to discharge from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage. Similarly, the discharge rate can be understood as the rate corresponding to the target capacitor discharging from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage, which can be obtained through the voltage change amount and the discharge time, or can also be obtained through the unit time (when using the unit time, the corresponding voltage change amount is smaller, but it can still be represented by the difference between the second initial voltage and the second target voltage). When discharging the target capacitor, it is usually necessary to discharge the voltage of the target capacitor to the safety voltage. The second initial voltage depends on the voltage when the target capacitor starts to discharge, and the second target voltage depends on the safety index of the circuit. Therefore, both the second initial voltage and the second target voltage can be set according to actual needs.

[0042] It should be noted that the above-mentioned first initial voltage and first target voltage can cover the entire charging process or only cover a certain section; the same applies to the second initial voltage and second target voltage.

[0043] The inventors of this application found that when a capacitor malfunctions, its charging data and discharging data will be affected. Therefore, the capacitor detection method in the embodiments of this application directly obtains the charging data and / or discharging data of the target capacitor in the vehicle's power system, and then detects the target capacitor based on the charging data and / or discharging data to obtain the corresponding target detection result. Since the charging data and / or discharging data of the target capacitor can be obtained from the vehicle's real-time messages and background data, there is no need to add any detection equipment, nor to remove the target capacitor from the power system. Since there is no need to externally connect detection equipment, the detection efficiency can be improved and the detection cost can be reduced. Since there is no need to remove the target capacitor from the power system, the target capacitor can be detected during operation, with less limitation.

[0044] Optionally, the electrical data includes charging data, and the charging data includes the charging time for charging the target capacitor from the first initial voltage to the first target voltage.

[0045] Among them, with reference to Figure 2 or Figure 3 , when the power battery BAT is charged or discharged, the power battery BAT, the pre-charge contactor K2, the pre-charge resistor R1, the main negative contactor K3, and the target capacitor C form a pre-charge circuit. When the pre-charge circuit works, the voltage U C across the target capacitor C and the current I P vary with time T as shown in Figure 6 . The charging time T1 is related to the pre-charge resistor R1, the voltage U C across the target capacitor C, the terminal voltage U B of the power battery BAT, and the voltage U 01 (usually 0) of the load terminal before closing the high voltage as shown in Equation (1): (1) Among them, in this embodiment, the voltage U 01 of the load terminal before closing the high voltage is used as the first initial voltage, and the difference between the first target voltage and the terminal voltage U B of the power battery BAT is △U. When the pre-charge circuit works, the voltage U C across the target capacitor C becomes higher and higher (the current [[ID=�5]]becomes smaller and smaller). When it approaches the terminal voltage of the power battery BAT (that is, the difference △U between and is small enough, generally less than 5% of

[0046] ), the main positive contactor K1 is turned on, and then the pre-charge contactor K2 is cut off to complete the pre-charge, thereby reducing the spark arcing of the contactor, alleviating the impact on the high-voltage system, and improving safety.

[0046] Generally, it is required that the voltage UC Reach the terminal voltage of the power battery BAT Above 95%, the charging time required cannot be too short, that is , of course As the time constant cannot be too long. An overly long time constant will cause the charging current to decline slowly, resulting in a relatively large average power of the resistance, unnecessary losses, and a long power-on time. When the three failure modes of the capacitor described above occur, the capacitance value of the target capacitor C will decrease to varying degrees, which will affect the charging time of the vehicle pre-charge and ultimately pose a threat to the safety and stability of the vehicle high-voltage system.

[0047] According to the electrical data, obtain the target detection result of the target capacitor, including: If the charging time is less than the first preset time, obtain the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal.

[0048] Among them, as can be seen from Equation (1), when the target capacitor C is abnormal, its capacitance value will decrease. Without changing other parameters, the charging time T1 will decrease, thus being lower than the first preset time under normal conditions. Therefore, when the charging time T1 is obtained and it is determined that the charging time T1 is less than the first preset time, the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal can be obtained.

[0049] If the charging time is not less than the first preset time, obtain the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal.

[0050] The same as above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0051] Optionally, according to the electrical data, obtain the target detection result of the target capacitor, including: According to the charging time and the first preset time, obtain the first ratio representing the proportional relationship between the charging time and the first preset time.

[0052] Among them, the first preset time can be set as T 1理论 , which can be expressed as , then the first ratio of the charging time T1 and the first preset time T 1理论 can be expressed as Equation (2): can be expressed as Equation (2): (2) Among them, n is a coefficient obtained according to the actual high-voltage system charge and discharge voltage requirements, usually a constant value such as 3 or 5; α1 is a correction coefficient generated by the allowable accuracy deviation of the pre-charge resistance, generally 95% - 105%; is the correction coefficient generated by the allowable accuracy deviation of the capacitor; is the empirical correction coefficient, usually considering the ambient temperature and humidity.

[0053] As a comparison reference, a first preset ratio under normal conditions can be obtained. If the first ratio is less than the first preset ratio , a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal is obtained.

[0054] Among them, based on the above analysis, it can be known that when the target capacitor is abnormal, its capacitance value will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the charging time T1, and further resulting in a decrease in the first ratio . Therefore, when the first ratio is obtained and it is determined that the first ratio is less than the first preset ratio , a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal can be obtained.

[0055] If the first ratio is not less than the first preset ratio, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal is obtained.

[0056] The same as above, it will not be elaborated here.

[0057] Optionally, the electrical data includes charging data, and the charging data includes the charging rate of charging the target capacitor from the first initial voltage to the first target voltage.

[0058] Among them, the charging process of the target capacitor can be represented by the charging rate X1, specifically as shown in Equation (3): (3) Among them, is the voltage change amount within the same time during the charging process (generally the change amount in 10 ms, that is, the difference between the first initial voltage and the first target voltage); is the correction value affected by the environment and other factors during the charging process. The attenuation of the capacitance value will increase the charging rate X1, and the voltage changes faster, so the abnormal situation of the target capacitor can be detected by detecting the charging rate X1.

[0059] According to the electrical data, the target detection result of the target capacitor is obtained, including: If the charging rate is greater than the first preset rate, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal is obtained.

[0060] Among them, the first preset rate can be set as X 理论预充 , and can be expressed as Equation (4): (4) Among them, from the above analysis, it can be known that when the target capacitor is abnormal, the corresponding charging rate X1 will increase. Therefore, when the charging rate X1 is obtained and it is determined that it is greater than the first preset rate X 理论预充 , a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal can be obtained.

[0061] If the charging rate is not greater than the first preset rate, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal is obtained.

[0062] The same as above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0063] Optionally, the electrical data includes discharge data, and the discharge data includes the discharge time for discharging the target capacitor from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage.

[0064] Among them, with reference to Figure 2 or Figure 4 , when discharging the target capacitor C, the target capacitor C and the discharge resistor R2 form a discharge loop. When the discharge loop works, the voltage U C across the target capacitor C and the flowing current I P change curves with time T as shown in Figure 7 . The discharge time T2 is related to the discharge resistor R2, the voltage U C across the target capacitor C, the voltage U 02 before discharge, and the safe voltage U S (generally 0) as shown in Equation (5): (5) Among them, in this embodiment, the voltage U 02 before discharge is used as the second initial voltage. When the discharge loop works, the voltage U C across the target capacitor C becomes lower and lower (the current becomes larger and larger).

[0065] According to the electrical data, the target detection result of the target capacitor is obtained, including: [[ID=4*]] If the discharge time is less than the second preset time, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal is obtained.

[0066] Among them, it can be seen from Equation (5) that when the target capacitor C is abnormal, its capacitance value will decrease. Without changing other parameters, the discharge time T2 will decrease, thus being lower than the second preset time in the normal state. Therefore, when the discharge time T2 is obtained and it is determined that the discharge time T2 is less than the second preset time, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal can be obtained.

[0067] If the discharge time is not less than the second preset time, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal is obtained.

[0068] The same as above, which will not be elaborated here.

[0069] Optionally, according to the electrical data, the target detection result of the target capacitor is obtained, including: According to the discharge time and the second preset time, a second ratio representing the proportional relationship between the discharge time and the second preset time is obtained.

[0070] Among them, the second preset time can be set to T 2理论 , which can be expressed as , then the second ratio of the discharge time T2 and the second preset time T 2理论 can be expressed as Equation (6): can be expressed as Equation (6): (6) Among them, α2 is a correction coefficient caused by the allowable accuracy deviation of the discharge resistance, generally 95% - 105%.

[0071] As a comparison reference, the second preset ratio under normal conditions can be obtained , if the first ratio is less than the second preset ratio , then the target detection result indicating the abnormality of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0072] Among them, based on the above analysis, it can be known that when the target capacitor is abnormal, its capacitance value will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the discharge time T2, and further resulting in a decrease in the second ratio Therefore, when the second ratio is obtained and it is determined that the second ratio is less than the second preset ratio , the target detection result indicating the abnormality of the target capacitor can be obtained.

[0073] If the second ratio is not less than the second preset ratio, the target detection result indicating the normal condition of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0074] The same as above, it will not be elaborated here.

[0075] Optionally, the electrical data includes discharge data, and the discharge data includes the discharge rate of discharging the target capacitor from the second initial voltage to the second target voltage.

[0076] Among them, the discharge process of the target capacitor can be represented by the discharge rate X2, specifically as Equation (7): (7) Among them, is the voltage change amount within the same time during the discharge process (generally the change amount within 10 ms, that is, the difference between the first initial voltage and the first target voltage); is the correction value affected by the environment and other factors during the discharge process. The attenuation of the capacitance value will increase the discharge rate X2, and the voltage changes faster, so the abnormality of the target capacitor can be detected by detecting the discharge rate X2.

[0077] According to the electrical data, the target detection result of the target capacitor is obtained, including: If the discharge rate is greater than the second preset rate, a target detection result indicating an abnormality of the target capacitor is obtained.

[0078] Among them, the second preset rate can be set to X 理论放电 , which can be expressed as Equation (8): (8) Among them, from the above analysis, it can be seen that when the target capacitor is abnormal, the corresponding discharge rate X2 will increase. Therefore, when the discharge rate X2 is obtained and it is determined that it is greater than the second preset rate X 理论放电 , a target detection result indicating an abnormality of the target capacitor can be obtained.

[0079] If the discharge rate is not greater than the second preset rate, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal is obtained.

[0080] The same as above, it will not be elaborated here.

[0081] Optionally, the electrical property data includes charging data and discharging data; according to the electrical property data, obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor includes: Obtaining a first initial detection result of the target capacitor according to the charging data; obtaining a second initial detection result of the target capacitor according to the discharging data.

[0082] Among them, as mentioned in the above embodiments, the target capacitor can be detected separately for the charging data or the discharging data, while in this embodiment, the target capacitor can be detected simultaneously for the charging data and the discharging data. Therefore, a first initial detection result and a second initial detection result of the target capacitor can be obtained according to the charging data and the discharging data respectively.

[0083] Obtaining the target detection result according to the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result.

[0084] Among them, usually, when the target capacitor is abnormal, its charging data and discharging data will be affected, but due to system errors, it may cause one of them to not be able to characterize the abnormality of the target capacitor. Therefore, in this embodiment, referring to both the charging data and the discharging data at the same time, the corresponding first initial detection result and second initial detection result are integrated to obtain a target detection result with a lower error tolerance.

[0085] Optionally, obtaining the target detection result according to the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result includes: If the first ratio is less than the first preset ratio and the second ratio is less than the second preset ratio, then determine the first ratio product value of the first ratio and the second ratio; obtain the target detection result according to the first ratio product value and the second ratio product value of the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio.

[0086] Specifically, such asFigure 8 As shown, the steps include: First, the whole vehicle starts pre-charging. It is judged whether the whole vehicle has been successfully pre-charged. If the pre-charging is successful, the charging time T1 of this pre-charging is obtained and recorded. Otherwise, the process ends. Subsequently, the first ratio ∆t1 representing the proportional relationship between the charging time T1 and the first preset time is judged, and it is compared with the first preset ratio for size.

[0087] When the first ratio ∆t1 is less than the first preset ratio , it is preliminarily judged that the target capacitor has failed. After detecting that the discharge process has entered, it starts to judge whether the discharge is successful. If successful, the discharge time T2 of this discharge is recorded. Otherwise, the process ends. Subsequently, the second ratio ∆t2 representing the proportional relationship between the discharge time T2 and the second preset time is judged, and it is compared with the second preset ratio for size.

[0088] When the second ratio ∆t2 is less than the second preset ratio , it is judged again that the capacitor has failed, and and are recorded, and the corresponding protection strategy is executed accordingly and the judgment process ends.

[0089] Optionally, according to the product value of the first ratio and the product value of the second ratio of the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio, the target detection result is obtained, including: If the product value of the first ratio is within the first multiple range of the product value of the second ratio, the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal is obtained; If the product value of the first ratio is within the second multiple range of the product value of the second ratio, the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a first-level abnormality is obtained; If the product value of the first ratio is within the third multiple range of the product value of the second ratio, the target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a second-level abnormality is obtained; Among them, the minimum value of the first multiple range is greater than the maximum value of the second multiple range, and the minimum value of the second multiple range is greater than the maximum value of the third multiple range.

[0090] Among them, the first multiple range can be set to 95% to 100% (excluding 95%), the second multiple range can be set to 85% to 95% (excluding 85%), and the third multiple range can be set to below 85%.

[0091] Specifically, when it is detected that the product is within the first multiple range, it is considered to be within the normal working range and no processing is performed. When it is detected that the product In the second multiple range, it is considered that the target capacitor may begin to age or have a minor fault. The background data records the target capacitor as a general fault and reminds the after-sales staff to record the vehicle, but the vehicle instrument does not prompt an alarm. If the capacitor is within the third multiple, it is considered severely faulty and requires replacement. In this case, the capacitor cannot meet the system's energy storage and rapid charge / discharge requirements, potentially impacting vehicle performance and safety. A critical capacitor failure is recorded and an alarm is displayed on the vehicle's instrument panel.

[0092] As a supplement, when the target capacitor's capacitance value increases due to an abnormality, it can be detected using a method similar to the above method. The corresponding charging time and discharge time increase, and the first multiple range can be set to 105% to 100% (excluding 105%), the second multiple range can be set to 115% to 105% (excluding 115%), and the third multiple range can be set to above 115%.

[0093] Optionally, obtaining a target detection result according to the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result includes: If the charging rate is greater than the first preset rate and the discharging rate is greater than the second preset rate, a first rate product value of the charging rate and the discharging rate is determined; and a target detection result is obtained based on the first rate product value and a second rate product value of the first preset rate and the second preset rate.

[0094] Specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, the steps include: First, the vehicle starts pre-charging and is powered on. It is determined whether the vehicle has been pre-charged successfully. If the pre-charging is successful, the charging rate of this pre-charging is obtained and recorded. Otherwise, the process ends. Then determine the pre-charge rate with the size of the first preset rate.

[0095] When the precharge rate If the rate is greater than the first preset rate, it is preliminarily determined that the capacitor has failed. After detecting that it has entered the discharge process, it begins to determine whether the discharge is successful. If successful, the discharge rate of this discharge is recorded. Otherwise, the process ends. Then the discharge rate is determined. and the size of the second preset rate.

[0096] When the discharge rate If the rate is greater than the second preset rate, the capacitor is judged to be failed again and recorded. and , and accordingly execute the corresponding protection strategy and end the judgment process.

[0097] Optionally, based on the first rate product value and the second rate product value of the first preset rate and the second preset rate, the target detection result is obtained, including: If the first rate product value is within the fourth multiple range of the second rate product value, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal is obtained; If the first rate product value is within the fifth multiple range of the second rate product value, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a first-level abnormality is obtained; If the first rate product value is within the sixth multiple range of the second rate product value, a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a second-level abnormality is obtained; Among them, the maximum value of the fourth multiple range is less than the minimum value of the fifth multiple range, and the maximum value of the fifth multiple range is less than the minimum value of the sixth multiple range.

[0098] Among them, the fourth multiple range can be set to 105% to 100% (excluding 105%), the fifth multiple range can be set to 115% to 105% (excluding 115%), and the sixth multiple range can be set to more than 115%.

[0099] Specifically, when it is detected that the product X12 is within the fourth multiple range, it is considered to be within the normal working range and no processing is required. When it is detected that the product X12 is within the fifth multiple range, it is considered that the target capacitor may start to age or have a minor fault. The background data records the target capacitor as a general fault and reminds the after-sales personnel to file the vehicle, but the vehicle instrument does not give an alarm prompt. When it is detected that the product X12 is within the sixth multiple range, it is considered that the target capacitor has seriously failed and needs to be replaced. In this case, the target capacitor cannot meet the system's requirements for energy storage and fast charge and discharge, which may affect the performance and safety of the vehicle. Record the capacitor as a serious fault and give an alarm prompt on the vehicle instrument.

[0100] As a supplement, when the capacitance value of the target capacitor increases due to an abnormality, it can be detected in a similar manner to the above method. The corresponding charging rate and discharging rate decrease. The fourth multiple range can be set to 95% to 100% (excluding 95%), the fifth multiple range can be set to 85% to 95% (excluding 85%), and the sixth multiple range can be set to less than 85%.

[0101] As a supplement, since this application does not require an external detection device, it can eliminate the influence of factors such as human error and detection device accuracy during the detection process, and can continuously correct the required preset values through the background data, and finally can continuously improve the detection accuracy and the reliability of the detection result.

[0102] In addition, the present application can also detect the state of the target capacitor in real time. The working conditions in which the target capacitor fails can be locked through the recorded time and rate. By referring to the "bathtub curve" corresponding to the capacitor failure, the type of capacitor failure can be preliminarily judged and the influencing factors of the capacitor failure process can be recorded. Therefore, the present invention has important reference value for the research, development and manufacturing process of capacitors.

[0103] According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for electronic data exchange, which causes a computer to execute some or all of the steps of any one of the audio processing methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0104] According to a third aspect of the present application, as Figure 10 shown, there is also provided a controller 200, which may include: a processor 201 and a memory 202. The controller 200 may also include one or more of a multimedia component 203, an input / output (I / O) component 204, and a communication component 205.

[0105] Among them, the processor 201 is used to control the overall operation of the controller 200 to complete all or part of the steps in the above method. The memory 202 is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the controller 200. These data may include, for example, instructions for any application or method operating on the controller 200, as well as application-related data, such as contact data, received and sent messages, pictures, audio, video, and so on. The memory 202 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk. The multimedia component 203 may include a screen and an audio component. Among them, the screen may be, for example, a touch screen, and the audio component is used to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component may include a microphone for receiving external audio signals. The received audio signal may be further stored in the memory 202 or sent through the communication component 205. The audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting audio signals. The I / O component 204 provides an interface between the processor 201 and other interface modules, and the above other interface modules may be a keyboard, a mouse, buttons, etc. These buttons may be virtual buttons or physical buttons. The communication component 205 is used for wired or wireless communication between the controller 200 and other devices. Wireless communication, such as WiFi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G, 4G, NB-IOT, eMTC, or other 5G, etc., or a combination of one or more of them is not limited here. Therefore, the corresponding communication component 205 may include: a WiFi module, a Bluetooth module, an NFC module, and so on.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 200 may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components, and is configured to execute the above-described method.

[0107] According to a fourth aspect of the present application, as Figure 11 shown, a vehicle 300 is provided, and the vehicle 300 includes the above-mentioned controller 200.

[0108] According to a fifth aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the capacitance detection method in any of the above embodiments.

[0109] It should be noted that for the foregoing method embodiments, for the sake of simple description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the described action sequence, because according to the present application, certain steps may be performed in other sequences or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present application.

[0110] In addition, in each embodiment of the application, the functional units may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software program module.

[0111] When the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software program module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage unit. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage unit and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage unit includes: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), external hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical discs.

[0112] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage unit, and the storage unit can include: flash drives, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disks, or optical discs, etc. In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0113] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the various embodiments have their own emphases. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0114] Among the embodiments, implementation manners, and related technical features of this application, they can be combined and replaced with each other without conflict.

[0115] The above are only the preferred embodiments of this application and do not impose any form of limitation on this application. In the embodiments of this application, the descriptions of the various embodiments have their own emphases. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant content of other embodiments. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of this application, any brief modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A capacitance detection method, characterized in that, Including: Obtaining electrical property data of a target capacitor in a power system of a vehicle, where the electrical property data includes at least one of charging data and discharging data; Obtaining a target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical property data, where the target detection result characterizes an abnormal condition of the target capacitor.

2. The capacitance detection method according to claim 1, wherein The electrical property data includes the charging data, and the charging data includes a charging time for charging the target capacitor from a first initial voltage to a first target voltage; The obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical property data includes: If the charging time is less than a first preset time, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is abnormal; If the charging time is not less than the first preset time, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is normal.

3. The capacitance detection method according to claim 1, wherein, The electrical property data includes the charging data, and the charging data includes a charging time for charging the target capacitor from a first initial voltage to a first target voltage; The obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical property data includes: Obtaining a first ratio characterizing a proportional relationship between the charging time and the first preset time according to the charging time and the first preset time; If the first ratio is less than a first preset ratio, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is abnormal; If the first ratio is not less than the first preset ratio, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is normal.

4. The capacitance detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical property data includes the charging data, and the charging data includes a charging rate for charging the target capacitor from a first initial voltage to a first target voltage; The obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical property data includes: If the charging rate is greater than a first preset rate, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is abnormal; If the charging rate is not greater than the first preset rate, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is normal.

5. The capacitance detection method according to claim 1, wherein The electrical property data includes the discharging data, and the discharging data includes a discharging time for discharging the target capacitor from a second initial voltage to a second target voltage; The obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical property data includes: If the discharging time is less than a second preset time, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is abnormal; If the discharging time is not less than the second preset time, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is normal.

6. The capacitance detection method according to claim 1, wherein The electrical property data includes the discharging data, and the discharging data includes a discharging time for discharging the target capacitor from a second initial voltage to a second target voltage; The obtaining the target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical property data includes: Obtaining a second ratio characterizing a proportional relationship between the discharging time and the second preset time according to the discharging time and the second preset time; If the second ratio is less than a second preset ratio, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is abnormal; If the second ratio is not less than the second preset ratio, obtaining a target detection result characterizing that the target capacitor is normal.

7. The capacitance detection method according to claim 1, wherein The electrical data includes the discharge data, and the discharge data includes the discharge rate of discharging the target capacitor from a second initial voltage to a second target voltage; Obtaining a target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data includes: If the discharge rate is greater than a second preset rate, obtaining a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is abnormal; If the discharge rate is not greater than the second preset rate, obtaining a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal.

8. The capacitance detection method according to claim 1, wherein The electrical data includes the charging data and the discharge data; obtaining a target detection result of the target capacitor according to the electrical data includes: Obtaining a first initial detection result of the target capacitor according to the charging data; obtaining a second initial detection result of the target capacitor according to the discharge data; Obtaining the target detection result according to the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result.

9. The capacitance detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that The charging data includes the charging time of charging the target capacitor from a first initial voltage to a first target voltage, and the first initial detection result includes a first ratio characterizing the proportional relationship between the charging time and a first preset time; The discharge data includes the discharge time of discharging the target capacitor from a second initial voltage to a second target voltage, and the second initial detection result includes a second ratio characterizing the proportional relationship between the discharge time and a second preset time; Obtaining the target detection result according to the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result includes: If the first ratio is less than a first preset ratio and the second ratio is less than a second preset ratio, determining a first ratio product value of the first ratio and the second ratio; Obtaining the target detection result according to the first ratio product value and a second ratio product value of the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio.

10. The capacitance detection method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Obtaining the target detection result according to the first ratio product value and the second ratio product value of the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio includes: If the first ratio product value is within a first multiple range of the second ratio product value, obtaining a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal; If the first ratio product value is within a second multiple range of the second ratio product value, obtaining a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a first-level abnormality; If the first ratio product value is within a third multiple range of the second ratio product value, obtaining a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a second-level abnormality; Wherein, the minimum value of the first multiple range is greater than the maximum value of the second multiple range, and the minimum value of the second multiple range is greater than the maximum value of the third multiple range.

11. The capacitance detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The charging data includes the charging rate of charging the target capacitor from a first initial voltage to a first target voltage, and the first initial detection result characterizes the magnitude relationship between the charging rate and a first preset rate; the discharge data includes the discharge rate of discharging the target capacitor from a second initial voltage to a second target voltage, and the second initial detection result characterizes the magnitude relationship between the discharge rate and a second preset rate; Obtaining the target detection result according to the first initial detection result and the second initial detection result includes: If the charging rate is greater than the first preset rate and the discharging rate is greater than the second preset rate, determining a first rate product value of the charging rate and the discharging rate; Obtaining the target detection result according to the first rate product value and a second rate product value of the first preset rate and the second preset rate.

12. The capacitance detection method according to claim 11, wherein The obtaining the target detection result according to the first rate product value and the second rate product value of the first preset rate and the second preset rate includes: If the first rate product value is within a fourth multiple range of the second rate product value, obtaining a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor is normal; If the first rate product value is within a fifth multiple range of the second rate product value, obtaining a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a first-level abnormality; If the first rate product value is within a sixth multiple range of the second rate product value, obtaining a target detection result indicating that the target capacitor has a second-level abnormality; Wherein, a maximum value of the fourth multiple range is less than a minimum value of the fifth multiple range, and a maximum value of the fifth multiple range is less than a minimum value of the sixth multiple range.

13. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the capacitor detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A controller, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the capacitor detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, Including the controller according to claim 14.

16. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the capacitor detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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