FSU devices and data transmission methods supporting multiple slots and multiple types of boards

Abstract

This application provides an FSU device and data transmission method supporting multiple slots and multiple types of expansion cards, relating to the field of environmental monitoring technology. The FSU device supports multiple expansion slots, each of which can accommodate different types of expansion cards, thereby meeting diverse interface requirements in different scenarios and transmitting various types of data. The FSU device includes an FSU processing unit, a universal serial bus hub, and multiple expansion cards: the FSU processing unit is connected to the USB hub via a USB interface; each downstream interface of the USB hub serves as an expansion slot for connecting expansion cards. The expansion cards implement the function of transmitting corresponding types of data through a microprocessor control unit. The type of expansion card is related to its own function. The expansion card can determine its own communication address according to the expansion slot it is inserted into. The expansion cards are also connected to power and environmental equipment, and the FSU processing unit can transmit data with them according to the type and communication address of the expansion cards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of environmental monitoring technology, and in particular to an FSU device and data transmission method that supports multiple slots and multiple types of boards. Background Technology

[0002] In the current field of environmental monitoring, field supervision units (FSUs) are widely used in data centers, large and medium-sized computer rooms, and other places as important field data acquisition and processing devices to achieve real-time monitoring of environmental parameters and equipment status.

[0003] However, traditional FSU devices typically have fixed interface configurations, meaning the number and type of interfaces such as serial ports, analog inputs (AI), digital inputs (DI), and digital outputs (DO) are pre-set at the factory. This design is rather rigid when facing different operators or application scenarios. As network infrastructure and data center scale continue to expand, operators' demands for the number and type of interfaces on FSU devices are becoming increasingly diverse. FSUs with fixed interface configurations cannot meet the needs of different operators or application scenarios. Manufacturing multiple FSU devices with different interface configurations to accommodate various customized requirements would significantly increase equipment costs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an FSU device that can flexibly adapt to various interface requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an FSU device and data transmission method that support multiple slots and multiple types of expansion cards. The FSU device supports multiple expansion slots, and each expansion slot can be used to insert different types of expansion cards, thereby meeting the diverse interface requirements of different scenarios and transmitting multiple types of data.

[0006] Firstly, an FSU device supporting multiple slots and multiple types of boards is provided, including an FSU processing unit, a universal serial bus hub, and multiple expansion boards:

[0007] The FSU processing unit is equipped with a universal serial bus interface;

[0008] The upstream interface of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) hub connects to the USB interface. The number of downstream interfaces of the USB hub is N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The downstream interfaces of the USB hub serve as expansion slots to connect different types of expansion cards.

[0009] The expansion card is plugged into the expansion slot of the Universal Serial Bus hub. The expansion card realizes the function of transmitting the corresponding type of data through the microprocessor control unit. The type of expansion card is related to its own function. The expansion card is used to determine its own communication address according to the expansion slot it is inserted into. The expansion card transmits data with the connected power and environmental equipment through the interface that matches its own function. After the expansion card is inserted into the corresponding expansion slot, it is mapped as a Universal Serial Bus device.

[0010] The FSU processing unit is used to transmit data with the expansion card according to the expansion card type and communication address.

[0011] In a feasible design, the types of multiple expansion boards include serial data transmission, analog input, digital input, digital output, and mixed data transmission. Expansion boards of type serial data transmission support the function of transparently transmitting serial data; expansion boards of type analog input support the function of acquiring analog input data; expansion boards of type digital input support the function of acquiring digital input data; expansion boards of type digital output support the function of outputting digital control data; and expansion boards of type mixed data transmission support the function of acquiring analog input data and transparently transmitting serial data.

[0012] The FSU processing unit and each expansion board are located in the corresponding expansion slot, and together they establish a virtual general acquisition channel and M virtual serial port channels, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The FSU processing unit is used to acquire analog input data, acquire digital input data, or output digital control data with each expansion board through the general acquisition channel. The FSU processing unit is also used to transmit serial port data transparently with each expansion board through the serial port channels.

[0013] In one feasible design, the FSU processing unit is used to send a first command or a second command to the expansion board through the acquisition channel. The first command is used to obtain the type of the expansion board, and the second command is used to instruct the execution of data acquisition or the output of digital control data.

[0014] In one feasible design, the expansion board has Q1 first general-purpose input / output pins, where Q1 is determined by N. The connector of the downstream interface of the universal serial bus hub has multiple resistors, each of which is used to configure the state of the general-purpose input / output pins of the expansion board. The expansion board is used to determine the identifier of the inserted expansion slot based on the combination of the states of the Q1 general-purpose input / output pins.

[0015] In one feasible design, the expansion board has Q2 second general-purpose input / output pins, where Q2 is determined based on the number of functional types of the multiple expansion boards. The expansion board is used to determine its own type based on the combination of the states of the Q2 second general-purpose input / output pins.

[0016] In one feasible design, the communication protocol used by the FSU processing unit and the expansion board through the general procurement channel is the departmental format, which includes a first field, a second field, and a third field.

[0017] The first field is used to describe the communication address of the expansion card;

[0018] The second field is used to describe the data action type or return information;

[0019] The third field is used to describe control data or response data.

[0020] In one feasible design, the FSU processing unit is used to perform data transmission with the expansion board according to the expansion board type and communication address, including:

[0021] The FSU processing unit is used to identify the downlink interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub to which an expansion board is connected.

[0022] The FSU processing unit is used to determine the identifier of the expansion slot corresponding to the downlink interface connected to the expansion card based on the identifier of the downlink interface connected to the expansion card and the first mapping relationship. The first mapping relationship is used to match the identifier of the downlink interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub with the identifier of the expansion slot one by one.

[0023] The FSU processing unit is used to determine the communication address of the expansion card based on the expansion slot identifier and the second mapping relationship. The second mapping relationship is used to map the expansion slot identifier to the communication address of the expansion card one by one.

[0024] The FSU processing unit is used to transmit data with the expansion card according to the expansion card type and communication address.

[0025] Secondly, a data transmission method is provided, utilizing the device as described in any of the above embodiments, the method comprising:

[0026] The FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card inserted into the expansion slot;

[0027] The FSU processing unit sends a first command to the expansion board based on the communication address of the expansion board. The first command is used to obtain the type of the expansion board.

[0028] After receiving the first command, the expansion board sends a first response to the FSU processing unit. The first response includes the type information of the expansion board.

[0029] The FSU processing unit determines the type of expansion board based on the first response;

[0030] The FSU processing unit determines and sends a second or third command based on the type of the expansion board. The second command is used to instruct the expansion board to perform data acquisition or output digital control data. The third command is used to instruct the acquisition of serial port data.

[0031] After receiving the second command, the expansion board performs the corresponding operation according to the second command, or after receiving the third command, the expansion board forwards the third command to the power and environmental equipment connected to the expansion board.

[0032] In one feasible design, the FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card inserted into the expansion slot, including:

[0033] The FSU processing unit identifies the downstream interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub to which an expansion card is connected.

[0034] The FSU processing unit determines the identifier of the expansion slot corresponding to the downlink interface connected to the expansion card based on the identifier of the downlink interface connected to the expansion card and the first mapping relationship. The first mapping relationship is used to match the identifier of the downlink interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub with the identifier of the expansion slot one by one.

[0035] The FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card based on the expansion slot identifier and the second mapping relationship. The second mapping relationship is used to map the expansion slot identifier to the communication address of the expansion card one by one.

[0036] A feasible design includes:

[0037] After the expansion board is inserted into the expansion slot, the identifier of the inserted expansion slot is determined by the combination of the states of the Q1 general-purpose input / output pins;

[0038] The expansion card determines its own communication address based on the expansion slot identifier and the second mapping relationship.

[0039] This application considers that in a power environment, the FSU device needs to monitor various types of equipment, such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and current sensors. These devices transmit different types of data through different interfaces, such as serial ports (for transmitting serial data), analog input (AI) interfaces (for transmitting analog input data), digital input (DI) interfaces (for transmitting digital input data), and digital output (DO) interfaces (for outputting digital control data). To meet diverse monitoring needs, this application provides a USB interface on the FSU processing unit and connects it to a multi-port USB hub as a relay for expansion slots. The plug-and-play feature of the expansion cards allows each expansion slot to connect to different types of expansion cards as needed, realizing dynamic communication connections between the FSU processing unit and multiple types of expansion cards. The multi-port USB hub enables the FSU processing unit to have multiple expansion slots, allowing the FSU processing unit to simultaneously support the connection of different types of expansion cards. At the software level, the expansion cards automatically identify their own communication addresses through the expansion slots, thus enabling them to communicate with the FSU processing unit. The FSU processing unit automatically identifies the type and communication address of the expansion card, thus enabling it to perform corresponding data transmission with different types of expansion cards. Therefore, the FSU device provided in this application can easily adapt to different power environment monitoring needs, such as adding serial ports, AI interfaces, DI interfaces, or DO interfaces, simply by inserting the corresponding type of expansion card, avoiding the functional limitations and high costs caused by the fixed number and type of interfaces in traditional FSU devices. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an FSU device supporting multiple slots and multiple types of boards provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of an expansion board identifying an expansion slot identifier, provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the partitioning of a USB data channel according to an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4This is an exemplary data transmission flowchart provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] With the establishment of large and medium-sized computer rooms and data centers by various telecommunications operators, the demand for the number of interfaces on FSU equipment is increasing significantly. For example, the number of serial ports, analog input (AI) interfaces, digital input (DI) interfaces, and digital output (DO) interfaces are required. Furthermore, different computer rooms have different requirements for the number and type of interfaces, necessitating that FSU equipment can dynamically expand to different types and numbers of interfaces. Traditional FSU equipment typically uses a fixed interface design, which cannot simultaneously meet the needs of different scenarios, resulting in high equipment costs and poor flexibility.

[0047] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes an FSU device and data transmission method that supports multiple slots and various types of expansion cards. This FSU device can support multiple expansion slots, each of which can accommodate different types of expansion cards, enabling flexible expansion of the FSU device and meeting the needs of different scenarios. This reduces the production cost of the FSU device while flexibly meeting the diverse requirements of different scenarios.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides an FSU device that supports multiple slots and multiple types of boards, including an FSU processing unit, a universal serial bus hub, and multiple expansion boards:

[0049] The FSU processing unit is equipped with a universal serial bus interface;

[0050] The upstream interface of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) hub connects to the USB interface. The number of downstream interfaces of the USB hub is N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The downstream interfaces of the USB hub serve as expansion slots to connect different types of expansion cards.

[0051] The expansion card is plugged into the expansion slot of the Universal Serial Bus hub. The expansion card realizes the function of transmitting the corresponding type of data through the microprocessor control unit. The type of expansion card is related to its own function. The expansion card is used to determine its own communication address according to the expansion slot it is inserted into. The expansion card transmits data with the connected power and environmental equipment through the interface that matches its own function. After the expansion card is inserted into the corresponding expansion slot, it is mapped as a Universal Serial Bus device.

[0052] The FSU processing unit is used to transmit data with the expansion card according to the expansion card type and communication address.

[0053] The FSU processing unit includes basic communication, data processing, and management functions. This application does not limit the chip used in the FSU processing unit; for example, it could be a Rockchip PX30 chip. The FSU processing unit has a USB 1.1 or higher interface, enabling it to act as a USB host device and manage multiple USB slave devices (i.e., USB devices mapped from expansion cards within the FSU processing unit's system). The FSU processing unit connects to a Universal Serial Bus hub via the USB interface, thereby enabling communication with various types of expansion cards.

[0054] Power environment equipment refers to devices in a power environment that need to collect data or control data, such as various sensors and surveillance cameras.

[0055] The mapping of expansion cards to Universal Serial Bus devices after insertion into the corresponding expansion slots means that, after the expansion card is inserted into the expansion slot, it establishes a connection with the central processing unit (CPU) of the FSU processing unit via a USB communication architecture. At the operating system level, this connection is implemented in the form of a virtual serial communication port, and its underlying driver adopts the USB Communications Device Class (CDC) specification. The specific mapping process is as follows: each expansion card is identified as an independent USB slave device during the enumeration process; the FSU processing unit assigns a unique device identifier to each expansion card; the FSU processing unit establishes a virtual serial channel through the USB CDC or USB Abstract Control Model (ACM) driver model to achieve operating system-level abstract control.

[0056] The number of USB interfaces in the FSU processing unit is not limited in this application, and each USB interface can be connected to a Universal Serial Bus hub.

[0057] It should be understood that the number of downstream interfaces of a Universal Serial Bus (USB) hub is configured according to the number of expansion slots required. For example, the number of downstream interfaces N of a USB hub is 7.

[0058] It should be understood that the expansion board in this application has circuitry to implement the corresponding functions, and the specific design of the circuitry is determined according to actual needs.

[0059] This application considers that in a power environment, the FSU device needs to monitor various types of equipment, such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and current sensors. These devices transmit different types of data through different interfaces, such as serial ports (for transmitting serial data), analog input (AI) interfaces (for transmitting analog input data), digital input (DI) interfaces (for transmitting digital input data), and digital output (DO) interfaces (for outputting digital control data). To meet diverse monitoring needs, this application provides a USB interface on the FSU processing unit and connects it to a multi-port USB hub as a relay for expansion slots. The plug-and-play feature of the expansion cards allows each expansion slot to connect to different types of expansion cards as needed, realizing dynamic communication connections between the FSU processing unit and multiple types of expansion cards. The multi-port USB hub enables the FSU processing unit to have multiple expansion slots, allowing the FSU processing unit to simultaneously support the connection of different types of expansion cards. At the software level, the expansion cards automatically identify their own communication addresses through the expansion slots, thus enabling them to communicate with the FSU processing unit. The FSU processing unit automatically identifies the type and communication address of the expansion card, thus enabling it to perform corresponding data transmission with different types of expansion cards. Therefore, the FSU device provided in this application can easily adapt to different power environment monitoring needs, such as adding serial ports, AI interfaces, DI interfaces, or DO interfaces, simply by inserting the corresponding type of expansion card, avoiding the functional limitations and high costs caused by the fixed number and type of interfaces in traditional FSU devices.

[0060] The basic concept of the expansion slot in this application is explained below:

[0061] At the hardware level, expansion slots are the downstream interfaces of a USB hub, serving as mechanical plug-in points for expansion cards. For example, a 7-port hub provides 7 expansion slots.

[0062] At the software level, the FSU processing unit converts physical expansion slots into logical identifiers through USB topology enumeration. The identifiers of the expansion slots serve as the basis for communication addressing between the FSU processing unit and the expansion board.

[0063] The expansion slot uses the USB Hub's downstream port as the physical carrier and implements a dynamic mapping mechanism of "port number-device address-virtual node" through the USB protocol stack. This forms a strong binding relationship between the physical plug-in location and the logical communication address, ultimately building a modular, hot-swappable device expansion channel at the operating system layer.

[0064] Based on the aforementioned expansion slots, for example, after an expansion card is inserted into an expansion slot, the name of the USB device mapped in the operating system of the FSU processing unit includes: Product Identity (PID) and Vendor Identity (VID). Different expansion slots map expansion cards to different USB devices.

[0065] The identifier of the expansion slot into which the expansion card is inserted can be used as the PID of the expansion card to uniquely identify it.

[0066] In one feasible design, the FSU processing unit is used to perform data transmission with the expansion board according to the expansion board type and communication address, including:

[0067] The FSU processing unit is used to identify the downlink interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub to which an expansion board is connected.

[0068] The FSU processing unit is used to determine the identifier of the expansion slot corresponding to the downlink interface connected to the expansion card based on the identifier of the downlink interface connected to the expansion card and the first mapping relationship. The first mapping relationship is used to match the identifier of the downlink interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub with the identifier of the expansion slot one by one.

[0069] The FSU processing unit is used to determine the communication address of the expansion card based on the expansion slot identifier and the second mapping relationship. The second mapping relationship is used to map the expansion slot identifier to the communication address of the expansion card one by one.

[0070] The FSU processing unit is used to transmit data with the expansion card according to the expansion card type and communication address.

[0071] The above embodiment establishes a two-layer mapping relationship: the first mapping relationship links the downstream interface identifier of the USB hub with the expansion slot identifier, and the second mapping relationship further maps the expansion slot identifier to the communication address of the expansion card. The FSU processing unit can intelligently identify and locate each inserted expansion card, ensuring the accuracy of data transmission. This mechanism eliminates the inconvenience of manual configuration or reliance on complex software algorithms in traditional FSU devices, achieving hardware-level dynamic identification and real-time communication. Based on the mapped communication address and the type of expansion card, the FSU processing unit can directly send targeted instructions or data, such as querying the ambient temperature to an expansion card that collects AI data, or sending control signals to an expansion card that outputs DO data. This design not only significantly reduces data processing latency and improves system response speed, but also enhances the stability and security of the entire FSU system due to the clear and controllable communication path, enabling the device to adapt more flexibly to various monitoring needs while ensuring high communication efficiency and data integrity. In addition, decoupling the mapping relationship from the physical interface allows for updating the mapping table only when replacing the USB hub or adjusting the slot layout, ensuring system expansion flexibility. The above embodiments achieve a high degree of automation and precise control capabilities for FSU devices in data transmission management.

[0072] In one feasible design, the expansion board has Q1 first general-purpose input / output (GPIO) pins, where Q1 is determined by N. The connector of the downstream interface of the universal serial bus hub has multiple resistors, each of which is used to configure the state of the GPIO pin level of the expansion board. The expansion board is used to determine the identifier of the inserted expansion slot based on the combination of the states of the Q1 GPIO pin levels.

[0073] For example Figure 2 As shown, each type of expansion board uses the same chip as the MCU and a fixed GPIO port for identifying the inserted expansion slot. Q1 and N should satisfy... Taking 7 expansion slots as an example (i.e., N=7), then it should satisfy... ,So .exist Figure 2 In this design, the PB1, PB2, and PB3 GPIO ports of the expansion board's MCU are used to identify the inserted expansion slot. The connectors of the expansion slots are equipped with pull-up or pull-down resistors. Pull-up resistors configure the GPIO pins of the expansion board to a high level, while pull-down resistors configure the GPIO pins to a low level. The MCU of the expansion board identifies different expansion slots by detecting the combination of the three GPIO pin states.

[0074] Furthermore, the expansion card determines its own communication address based on the expansion slot identifier and the second mapping relationship.

[0075] In the example above, the expansion board automatically identifies the expansion slot identifier based on the GPIO pin level combination generated by the connector's preset resistors, eliminating the need for manual DIP switches or software configuration. This is achieved through mathematical constraints (Q1 satisfies...). This ensures that each expansion slot has a unique level code, completely eliminating the risk of address conflicts. Furthermore, the above example only requires adding or removing connector resistors to adjust the slot capacity (e.g., increasing from 4 slots to 8 slots only requires adding one GPIO pin), significantly reducing expansion costs and complexity. Therefore, the above example not only reduces the risk of FSU devices' software dependence, ensuring quick and accurate hardware identification in any environment, but also greatly simplifies the integration process of expansion cards, avoiding the tedious work of frequently modifying software configurations due to hardware changes.

[0076] In one feasible design, this application achieves different types of data transmission through a virtual acquisition channel and a serial port channel capable of data pass-through. Specifically, the FSU processing unit and each expansion board jointly establish a virtual acquisition channel and M virtual serial port channels in their respective expansion slots, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The FSU processing unit is used to acquire analog input data, acquire digital input data, or output digital control data with each expansion board through the acquisition channel. The FSU processing unit is also used to pass-through serial port data with each expansion board through the serial port channels.

[0077] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the FSU processing unit and each expansion card are located in the USB data channel of the corresponding expansion slot, virtually creating 5 channels, including 1 general acquisition channel and 4 serial port channels (i.e., serial port channel 1, serial port channel 2, serial port channel 3, and serial port channel 4). The general acquisition channel is responsible for acquiring analog input data, acquiring digital input data, and outputting digital control data, while the serial port channels are responsible for the transparent transmission of serial port data.

[0078] As a further example, the general procurement channel is also responsible for collecting device information of expansion cards, such as the type of expansion card, device model, firmware version, etc.

[0079] The above embodiment virtually divides the USB data channel of each expansion slot into one general acquisition channel and four serial port channels, enabling a single expansion slot to simultaneously support multiple types of data communication. The general acquisition channel can not only collect analog and digital input data and device information from the expansion board, but also output digital control data. This means a single expansion board can handle tasks that previously required multiple physical interfaces, greatly simplifying hardware layout and reducing production and maintenance costs. Simultaneously, the four serial port channels ensure rapid data transmission, meeting the communication needs of multiple devices in complex monitoring systems. More importantly, this virtual channel design allows the FSU device to dynamically adapt to different scenarios. Each expansion slot is no longer limited to transmitting specific data types, but can transmit the required data types according to actual needs, greatly enhancing the configurability and scalability of the FSU device.

[0080] It should be understood that if no expansion card is inserted into the expansion slot, the corresponding USB virtual channel will not be mapped in the FSU processing unit.

[0081] Based on the above embodiments, exemplarily, the second mapping relationship is used to correspond one-to-one with the state combination of the GPIO pin levels of the expansion board, the communication address of the expansion board, the identifier of the expansion slot, the name of the mapped USB device, the name of the access channel, the name of serial channel 1, the name of serial channel 2, the name of serial channel 3, and the name of serial channel 4.

[0082] For example, the contents of the second mapping relationship are shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

[0083] Table 1: Partial content of the second mapping relationship (extension slots 1-4)

[0084]

[0085] Table 2: Partial content of the second mapping relationship (extension slots 5-7)

[0086]

[0087] Based on the above-described virtual channel design embodiments, correspondingly, the types of multiple expansion boards include serial data transmission, analog input, digital input, digital output, and mixed data transmission. Expansion boards of type serial data transmission (referred to as general serial expansion boards) support the function of transparently transmitting serial data. Expansion boards of type analog input (referred to as general AI expansion boards) support the function of acquiring analog input data. Expansion boards of type digital input (referred to as general DI expansion boards) support the function of acquiring digital input data. Expansion boards of type digital output (referred to as general DO expansion boards) support the function of outputting digital control data. Expansion boards of type mixed data transmission (referred to as dedicated expansion boards) support the function of acquiring analog data and transparently transmitting serial data.

[0088] In each expansion card, the interface used for connecting to the power and environmental equipment is matched with the type of expansion card.

[0089] It can be seen that if the expansion board is a dedicated expansion board or a general serial port expansion board, all five virtual channels can be used for data transmission; if the expansion board is a general AI expansion board, a general DI expansion board, or a general DO expansion board, only the general acquisition channel is used for data transmission among the five virtual channels, and the four serial port channels are not enabled.

[0090] For example, the general-purpose AI expansion board supports 8 general-purpose AI channels, the general-purpose DI expansion board supports 16 general-purpose DI channels, the general-purpose serial port expansion board supports 4 general-purpose serial ports, the general-purpose DO expansion board supports 4 general-purpose DO channels, and the dedicated expansion board supports 4 general-purpose AI channels and 2 general-purpose serial ports. Specifically, the general-purpose serial port expansion board supporting 4 general-purpose serial ports can achieve data pass-through through 4 virtual serial port channels. The dedicated expansion board supporting 2 general-purpose serial ports can achieve data pass-through through 2 virtual serial port channels.

[0091] In one feasible design, the expansion board has Q2 second general-purpose input / output pins, where Q2 is determined based on the number of functional types of the multiple expansion boards. The expansion board is used to determine its own type based on the combination of the states of the Q2 second general-purpose input / output pins.

[0092] For example, Q2 satisfies , This refers to the number of expansion card types. For example, it supports 5 types of expansion cards (i.e.,...). The value of Q1 is 5), and the value of Q2 can be set to 3. Taking PA1, PA2, and PA3 of the MCU on the expansion board as the second general-purpose input / output pins as an example, the combinations of the second general-purpose input / output pin levels for different types of expansion boards are as follows:

[0093] The general-purpose AI expansion board corresponds to PA3 pull-down, PA2 pull-down, and PA1 pull-down.

[0094] The general-purpose DI expansion board corresponds to PA3 pull-down, PA2 pull-down, and PA1 pull-up;

[0095] The general serial port expansion card corresponds to PA3 pull-down, PA2 pull-up, and PA1 pull-down.

[0096] The general-purpose DO expansion board corresponds to PA3 pull-down, PA2 pull-up, and PA1 pull-up.

[0097] The dedicated expansion board corresponds to PA3 pull-up, PA2 pull-down, and PA1 pull-down.

[0098] In the above embodiments, the expansion board directly determines its type by utilizing the level combination of the Q2 second general-purpose input / output pins on the board. This solution eliminates the need for software programming or DIP switches; the expansion board can lock its type through the combination of GPIO states upon power-up, avoiding the risk of manual configuration errors. Furthermore, the value of Q2 can be dynamically set according to the total number of types, supporting the addition of new expansion board types without hardware modifications.

[0099] To enable the FSU processing unit to communicate with different types of expansion boards, and to achieve the functions of acquiring analog input data, acquiring digital input data, or outputting digital control data with each expansion board through a common acquisition channel, as well as transmitting serial port data with each expansion board through a serial port channel, this application designs the FSU processing unit to send a first command or a second command to the expansion board through the common acquisition channel. The first command is used to obtain the type of the expansion board, and the second command is used to instruct the expansion board to perform data acquisition or output digital control data. Accordingly, after the expansion board acquires the corresponding data according to the first command or the second command, the generated response is sent to the FSU processing unit through the common acquisition channel. Executing data acquisition includes performing analog input data acquisition or digital input data acquisition. The digital control data is used to control the status of the power and environmental equipment connected to the expansion board.

[0100] This application designs an FSU processing unit to send a third command to a power environment device connected to an expansion board via a serial port channel. The third command instructs the acquisition of serial port data. Correspondingly, after generating a response based on the third command, the power environment device sends the response corresponding to the third command to the expansion board via a physical serial port connected to the expansion board. The expansion board then forwards the response corresponding to the third command to the FSU processing unit via a virtual serial port channel.

[0101] In other words, when the FSU processing unit and the power environment device transmit data via serial port, the expansion card is only used for forwarding the raw byte stream. The expansion card is "transparent" to both the FSU processing unit and the power environment device, allowing them to communicate directly via serial port. Therefore, this can be described as "the FSU processing unit transmitting serial data transparently to the power environment device via the expansion card."

[0102] The FSU processing unit transmits serial data to the power and environmental equipment via an expansion board, following the applicable protocol for serial data transmission.

[0103] The FSU processing unit transmits data with the expansion board through the general access channel in accordance with the communication protocol designed in this application. That is, the transmission of the first command or the second command follows the communication protocol, and the response sent by the expansion board to the FSU processing unit in response to the first command or the second command also follows the communication protocol.

[0104] The following is an explanation of the communication protocol:

[0105] The communication protocol adopts the departmental format, as shown in Table 3:

[0106] Table 3: Ministry-issued format content

[0107]

[0108] In the departmental format, SOI represents the start flag, VER represents the communication protocol version number, and ADR represents the first field, which describes the communication address of the expansion board. CID1 is a placeholder used to expand the content of the communication protocol. CID2 represents the second field, used to describe the data action type or return information. LENGTH represents the byte length of INFO (including LENID and LCHKSUM). INFO represents the third field, used to describe control data or response data. CHKSUM represents the checksum, and EOI represents the end flag.

[0109] For example, the value of SOI is 7EH, the value of VER is 10H (indicating that the version number of the communication protocol is 1.0), the value of CID1 is 90H, and the value of EOI is 0DH.

[0110] For example, the communication address of the expansion card uses a value range of 1-254, with the values ​​0 and 255 reserved.

[0111] For example, the checksum uses CRC verification.

[0112] For example, the data action types include acquiring the type of the expansion board (using the value 4F), acquiring analog input data (using the value 42), acquiring digital input data (using the value 43), and outputting digital control data (using the value 45), all of which are hexadecimal values.

[0113] For example, the returned information is represented by the return code RTN, and the value and meaning of the return code RTN are shown in Table 4:

[0114] Table 4: Return Code RTN Values ​​and Their Meanings

[0115]

[0116] For example, control data information includes control commands or parameters corresponding to the data action type. For instance, when acquiring analog input, the INFO field contains the specific channel number and sampling rate. Control data information is included in commands sent by the FSU processing unit to the expansion board.

[0117] For example, the response data information includes the expansion board's response to the command, such as device status, data values, etc. The response data information is included in the response returned by the expansion board to the FSU processing unit.

[0118] In one feasible design, the communication protocol used by the FSU processing unit and the expansion board through the general procurement channel is the departmental format, which includes a first field, a second field, and a third field.

[0119] The first field is used to describe the communication address of the expansion card;

[0120] The second field is used to describe the data action type or return information;

[0121] The third field is used to describe control data or response data.

[0122] This embodiment enables the FSU processing unit to locate the expansion board through the first field, ensuring that the command reaches the expansion board and that the FSU processing unit identifies the source of the response; when the second field is used to define the data action type and the third field is used to describe the control data information, the expansion board can accurately execute the commands issued by the FSU processing unit; when the second field is used to return information and the third field is used to describe the response data information, the FSU processing unit can accurately parse the response of the expansion board, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data interaction and improving the overall operating efficiency of the system.

[0123] The data format of the communication protocol is explained below:

[0124] In the basic format, except for SOI and EOI, which are encoded in hexadecimal and transmitted in hexadecimal form, VER, ADR, CID1, CID2, LENGTH, INFO, and CHKSUM are all interpreted in hexadecimal and transmitted using a mixed hexadecimal-ASCII encoding method. Each byte is represented by two ASCII characters, with the high four bits represented by one ASCII character and the low four bits by another. For example, CID2 = 4BH, so during transmission, bytes 34H are transmitted first, followed by bytes 42H.

[0125] The data format for LENGTH is shown in Table 5 below:

[0126] Table 5: Data Format of LENGTH

[0127]

[0128] As can be seen, LENGTH consists of 2 bytes, composed of LENID and LCHKSUM. LENID indicates the number of ASCII bytes transmitted in the INFO item. When LENID=0, INFO is empty, meaning there is no such item. In LENGTH transmission, the high byte is transmitted first, followed by the low byte, and the transmission is done in four ASCII bytes.

[0129] The calculation process for the checksum LCHKSUM is as follows:

[0130] First, calculate the sum of D11D10D9D8 + D7D6D5D4 + D3D2D1D0. Then, perform a modulo 16 operation on the sum to obtain the remainder. Invert the remainder and add 1. For example:

[0131] The ASCII code size of the INFO item is 18 bytes, i.e., LENID = 0000 0001 0010.

[0132] D11D10D9D8+D7D6D5D4+D3D2D1D0 = 0000 + 0001 + 0010 = 0011. The remainder after modulo 16 is 0011H. Inverting 0011H and adding 1 gives 1101H, therefore LCHKSUM is 1101H. Thus, we can conclude:

[0133] LENGTH is 1101 0000 0001 0010, which is D012H.

[0134] The process of calculating CHKSUM is as follows:

[0135] The ASCII values ​​of all characters except SOI, EOI, and CHKSUM are summed. Then, the sum is modulo 65536, the remainder is inverted, and 1 is added to obtain the final CHKSUM value. For example:

[0136] If the received or sent byte sequence is "~1203400456ABCDFEFC72\R", then FC72 in the last five characters "FC72\R" is CHKSUM. The calculation method is as follows:

[0137] '1'+'2'+'0'+ ···+'A'+'B'+···+'F'+'E'

[0138] = 31H + 32H + 30H + ···+ 41H + 42H + ···+ 46H + 45H

[0139] = 038EH

[0140] Here, '1' represents the ASCII code value of 1, and 'E' represents the ASCII code value of E. The remainder of 038EH modulo 65536 is 038EH. Inverting 038EH and adding 1 gives 'FC72'.

[0141] INFO uses floating-point, integer (2 bytes), long integer (4 bytes), or unsigned character (1 byte) data formats.

[0142] The floating-point number format adopts the IEEE-754 standard (32), which uses four bytes (32 bits) to represent the number. The transmission order is low byte first, then high byte, that is, the transmission order is: low bytes D7~D0 first, then D15~D8, then D23~D15, and finally high bytes D31~D24, which are ultimately transmitted as 8 ASCII codes. D31 corresponds to the floating-point sign bit S (1 bit), D30~D23 corresponds to the exponent part E (8 bits), and D22~D0 corresponds to the mantissa part M (23 bits).

[0143] Floating-point value = M through Mapped to a decimal, E is used to obtain the true exponent via -127. The sign of a floating-point number depends on the value of the sign bit S; S = 0 indicates a positive number, and S = 1 indicates a negative number.

[0144] For example, a 32-bit floating-point number is 40H, A0H, 00H, 00H, which is (010000001010000000000000000000000). The sign bit S is the first value 0 from left to right, and the exponent E is the second to ninth value from left to right, which is 10000001, or 129 in decimal. The mantissa M is the remaining 23 bits, which is 01000000000000000000000, or 0000000 in decimal. Therefore, the value of a 32-bit floating-point number is... =5.0.

[0145] Integers include signed integers and unsigned integers. The value range of signed integers is -32768 to +32767, and the range of unsigned integers is 0 to +65535. The integer data in the format of an integer is transmitted in the order of high byte first and low byte last.

[0146] Integer data in the format of a long integer is transmitted in the order of high byte first, then low byte.

[0147] Data in unsigned character format is single-byte, representing values ​​between 0 and 255 in binary. Transmission is performed byte-by-byte.

[0148] Based on the FSU device provided in the above embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, this application also provides a data transmission method, the method including:

[0149] S110, the FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card inserted into the expansion slot.

[0150] In one feasible design, the FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card inserted into the expansion slot in the following manner:

[0151] The FSU processing unit identifies the downstream interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub to which an expansion card is connected.

[0152] The FSU processing unit determines the identifier of the expansion slot corresponding to the downlink interface connected to the expansion card based on the identifier of the downlink interface connected to the expansion card and the first mapping relationship. The first mapping relationship is used to match the identifier of the downlink interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub with the identifier of the expansion slot one by one.

[0153] The FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card based on the expansion slot identifier and the second mapping relationship. The second mapping relationship is used to map the expansion slot identifier to the communication address of the expansion card one by one.

[0154] It should be understood that since expansion slots without connected expansion cards are not mapped as USB devices in the FSU processing unit, the FSU processing unit will not access the downstream interface of the USB hub corresponding to that expansion slot.

[0155] The above embodiment establishes a two-layer mapping relationship: the first mapping relationship links the downstream interface identifier of the USB hub with the expansion slot identifier, and the second mapping relationship further maps the expansion slot identifier to the communication address of the expansion card. The FSU processing unit can intelligently identify and locate each inserted expansion card to ensure the accuracy of data transmission.

[0156] S120, the FSU processing unit sends the first command to the expansion board based on the communication address of the expansion board.

[0157] The first command is used to obtain the type of the expansion card.

[0158] For example, the first command includes the communication address of the expansion board.

[0159] For example, the FSU processing unit sends a first command to the expansion board via the procurement channel.

[0160] The protocol used for communication between the FSU processing unit and the expansion board is described in the aforementioned FSU device embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0161] S130: After receiving the first command, the expansion board sends the first response to the FSU processing unit.

[0162] The first response includes the type information of the expansion card, and may also include its own communication address.

[0163] For example, the type information is used to indicate whether the expansion board is a general serial port expansion board, a general AI expansion board, a general DI expansion board, a general DO expansion board, or a dedicated expansion board.

[0164] For example, the expansion card determines its communication address in the following way:

[0165] After the expansion board is inserted into the expansion slot, the identifier of the inserted expansion slot is determined by the combination of the states of the Q1 general-purpose input / output pins;

[0166] The expansion card determines its own communication address based on the expansion slot identifier and the second mapping relationship.

[0167] For specific implementation methods and effects of the above examples, please refer to the description in the foregoing FSU device embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0168] S140, the FSU processing unit determines the type of expansion board based on the first response.

[0169] S150, the FSU processing unit determines and sends a second or third command based on the type of expansion board.

[0170] The second command is used to instruct the expansion board to perform data acquisition or output digital control data, and the third command is used to instruct the acquisition of serial port data.

[0171] For example, the FSU processing unit determines and sends a second or third command based on the type of expansion board in the following manner:

[0172] If the expansion board is a general AI expansion board, a second command is sent to the expansion board through the general acquisition channel. The second command instructs the expansion board to perform analog input data acquisition.

[0173] If the expansion board is a general DI expansion board, a second command is sent to the expansion board through the general acquisition channel. The second command instructs the expansion board to perform digital input data acquisition.

[0174] If the expansion board is a general-purpose DO expansion board, a second command is sent to the expansion board through the general acquisition channel. The second command instructs the expansion board to output digital control data, which is used to control the status of the power and environmental equipment connected to the expansion board.

[0175] If the expansion board is a general-purpose serial expansion board, send a third command to the expansion board through the serial port channel.

[0176] If the expansion board is a dedicated expansion board and the second command instructs the expansion board to perform analog input data acquisition, the second command is sent to the expansion board through the general acquisition channel; if the expansion board is a dedicated expansion board and the command to be sent is a third command, the third command is sent to the expansion board through the serial port channel.

[0177] The above embodiments enable the sending of different commands based on the type of expansion card, so as to accurately control the expansion card to perform corresponding operations.

[0178] S160, after receiving the second command, the expansion board performs the corresponding operation according to the second command, or after receiving the third command, the expansion board forwards the third command to the power and environmental equipment connected to the expansion board.

[0179] For example, if the second command instructs the expansion board to perform analog input data acquisition, the expansion board acquires the AI ​​data of the power and environmental equipment and transmits it to the FSU processing unit through the general acquisition channel.

[0180] For example, if the second command instructs the expansion board to perform digital input data acquisition, the expansion board acquires the DI data of the power and environmental equipment and transmits it to the FSU processing unit through the acquisition channel.

[0181] For example, if the second command instructs the expansion board to execute the output of digital control data, the expansion board will transmit the digital control data to the power and environmental equipment.

[0182] For example, if the expansion board receives a third command, the expansion board forwards the third command to the power environment device. After obtaining the serial port data transmitted by the power environment device, the expansion board forwards the serial port data to the FSU processing unit.

[0183] For example, after receiving the third command, the power environment device sends the corresponding serial port data to the expansion board, which then forwards the serial port data to the FSU processing unit through the serial port channel.

[0184] This application embodiment establishes a dynamically adaptable expansion card communication mechanism to interact with various types of expansion cards to achieve data acquisition or control of power and environmental equipment, adapting to FSU devices that support multiple slots and multiple types of cards. Specifically, the FSU processing unit dynamically determines the communication address of the expansion card and obtains its type information through a first command. Then, based on the type, it adaptively selects to send a second or third command, realizing plug-and-play expansion card identification and intelligent command distribution. Since this solution can adapt to heterogeneous cards in different expansion slots without manual configuration, it can significantly improve system compatibility. Furthermore, the expansion card automatically executes or forwards commands based on the command type, enhancing the level of operational automation. For the third command indicating the acquisition of serial port data and the serial port data transmitted by the power and environmental equipment, the expansion card ensures the communication compatibility and real-time performance of industrial equipment through data pass-through.

[0185] In summary, the proposed solution achieves high-speed and reliable data transmission and control response in power environment monitoring scenarios.

[0186] Other implementation methods and effects of the above data transmission method can be found in the description of the FSU device embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0187] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0188] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0189] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this application are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0190] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, equipment, and methods of this application, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions of this application.

[0191] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0192] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. An FSU device supporting multiple slots and multiple types of boards, characterized in that, Includes an FSU processing unit, a universal serial bus hub, and multiple expansion cards: The FSU processing unit is equipped with a universal serial bus interface. The uplink interface of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) hub is connected to the USB interface. The number of downlink interfaces of the USB hub is N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The downlink interfaces of the USB hub serve as expansion slots to connect different types of expansion cards. The expansion card is plugged into the expansion slot of the Universal Serial Bus hub. The expansion card realizes the function of transmitting the corresponding type of data through the microprocessor control unit. The type of the expansion card is related to its own function. The expansion card is used to determine its own communication address according to the expansion slot it is inserted into. The expansion card transmits data with the connected power environment equipment through an interface that matches its own function. After the expansion card is inserted into the corresponding expansion slot, it is mapped as a Universal Serial Bus device. The FSU processing unit is used to transmit data with the expansion board according to the type and communication address of the expansion board. The expansion boards include those with mixed data transmission capabilities, supporting the acquisition of analog input data and transparent transmission of serial port data. The FSU processing unit and each expansion board establish a virtual acquisition channel and M virtual serial port channels in their respective expansion slots, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The FSU processing unit is used to acquire analog input data and digital input data with each expansion board through the acquisition channel. The FSU processing unit has the function of inputting or outputting digital control data. It is used to transmit serial port data transparently to each expansion board via the serial port channel. The FSU processing unit is used to send a first command or a second command to the expansion board via the acquisition channel. The first command is used to obtain the type of the expansion board, and the second command is used to instruct the execution of data acquisition or the output of digital control data. The communication protocol used by the FSU processing unit and the expansion board through the acquisition channel is a pre-determined format, which includes a first field, a second field, and a third field. The first field is used to describe the communication address of the expansion board; The second field is used to describe the data action type or return information; The third field is used to describe control data information or response data information.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion cards include those for serial data transmission, analog input, digital input, and digital output. Expansion cards for serial data transmission support the function of transparently transmitting serial data. Expansion cards for analog input support the function of acquiring analog input data. Expansion cards for digital input support the function of acquiring digital input data. Expansion cards for digital output support the function of outputting digital control data.

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The expansion board has Q1 first general-purpose input / output pins, where Q1 is determined according to N. The connector of the downstream interface of the universal serial bus hub has multiple resistors, each of which is used to configure the state of the general-purpose input / output pin level of the expansion board. The expansion board is used to determine the identifier of the inserted expansion slot based on the combination of the states of the Q1 general-purpose input / output pin levels.

4. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The expansion board has Q2 second general-purpose input / output pins, where Q2 is determined based on the number of functional types of the multiple expansion boards. The expansion board is used to determine its own type based on the combination of the state of the Q2 second general-purpose input / output pins.

5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The FSU processing unit is used to perform data transmission with the expansion board according to the type and communication address of the expansion board, including: The FSU processing unit is used to determine the identifier of the downlink interface in the Universal Serial Bus hub that is connected to an expansion board. The FSU processing unit is used to determine the identifier of the expansion slot corresponding to the downlink interface connected to the expansion card according to the identifier of the downlink interface connected to the expansion card and the first mapping relationship. The first mapping relationship is used to match the identifier of the downlink interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub with the identifier of the expansion slot one by one. The FSU processing unit is used to determine the communication address of the expansion card according to the identifier of the expansion slot and the second mapping relationship, wherein the second mapping relationship is used to map the identifier of the expansion slot to the communication address of the expansion card one by one. The FSU processing unit is used to transmit data with the expansion board according to the type and communication address of the expansion board.

6. A data transmission method, characterized in that, Using the device as described in claim 1 or 2, the device includes an FSU processing unit, a universal serial bus hub, and multiple expansion cards: The FSU processing unit is equipped with a universal serial bus interface. The uplink interface of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) hub is connected to the USB interface. The number of downlink interfaces of the USB hub is N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The downlink interfaces of the USB hub serve as expansion slots to connect different types of expansion cards. The expansion card is plugged into the expansion slot of the Universal Serial Bus hub. The expansion card realizes the function of transmitting the corresponding type of data through the microprocessor control unit. The type of the expansion card is related to its own function. The expansion card is used to determine its own communication address according to the expansion slot it is inserted into. The expansion card transmits data with the connected power environment equipment through an interface that matches its own function. After the expansion card is inserted into the corresponding expansion slot, it is mapped as a Universal Serial Bus device. The FSU processing unit is used to transmit data with the expansion board according to the type and communication address of the expansion board. The expansion boards include those with mixed data transmission capabilities, supporting the acquisition of analog input data and transparent transmission of serial port data. The FSU processing unit and each expansion board establish a virtual acquisition channel and M virtual serial port channels in their respective expansion slots, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The FSU processing unit is used to acquire analog input data and digital input data with each expansion board through the acquisition channel. The FSU processing unit has the function of inputting or outputting digital control data. It is used to transmit serial port data transparently to each expansion board via the serial port channel. The FSU processing unit is used to send a first command or a second command to the expansion board via the acquisition channel. The first command is used to obtain the type of the expansion board, and the second command is used to instruct the execution of data acquisition or the output of digital control data. The communication protocol used by the FSU processing unit and the expansion board through the acquisition channel is a pre-determined format, which includes a first field, a second field, and a third field. The first field is used to describe the communication address of the expansion board; The second field is used to describe the data action type or return information; The third field is used to describe control data information or response data information, and the method includes: The FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card inserted into the expansion slot; The FSU processing unit sends the first command to the expansion board based on the communication address of the expansion board; After receiving the first command, the expansion board sends a first response to the FSU processing unit, the first response including the type information of the expansion board; The FSU processing unit determines the type of the expansion card based on the first response; The FSU processing unit determines and sends the second command or the third command according to the type of the expansion board, wherein the third command is used to instruct the acquisition of serial port data; After receiving the second command, the expansion board performs the corresponding operation according to the second command, or after receiving the third command, the expansion board forwards the third command to the power environment equipment connected to the expansion board.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card inserted into the expansion slot, including: The FSU processing unit identifies the downstream interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub to which an expansion card is connected. The FSU processing unit determines the identifier of the expansion slot corresponding to the downlink interface connected to the expansion card based on the identifier of the downlink interface connected to the expansion card and the first mapping relationship. The first mapping relationship is used to match the identifier of the downlink interface of the Universal Serial Bus hub with the identifier of the expansion slot one by one. The FSU processing unit determines the communication address of the expansion card based on the identifier of the expansion slot and the second mapping relationship, wherein the second mapping relationship is used to map the identifier of the expansion slot to the communication address of the expansion card one by one.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, include: After the expansion board is inserted into the expansion slot, the identifier of the inserted expansion slot is determined by the combination of the states of the Q1 general-purpose input / output pins. The expansion card determines its own communication address based on the identifier of the expansion slot and the second mapping relationship.

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