Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module, and relates to the technical field of solar power generation, the photovoltaic module comprises a laminated member, a frame and a junction box, the laminated member comprises a backboard, front toughened glass, a packaging material and solar cells, the solar cells are half cells or 1 / N cells, the anodes and cathodes of the plurality of solar cells are connected in series to form a group of cell strings, and the anodes and cathodes of the plurality of solar cells are connected in series to form a group of cell strings. The battery strings are connected in series or in parallel, an outgoing line is led out from each battery string, the outgoing lines are connected to a junction box, and the junction box is arranged on the side of the frame. The invention provides a photovoltaic module, which is helpful for improving the self-cleaning capability of the module, can also improve the mechanical load performance of the module, and can also reduce the occurrence of a glass breaking phenomenon caused by over-high local temperature due to virtual connection of a terminal of a junction box.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of photovoltaic technology, half-cell modules have gradually become the mainstream choice in the photovoltaic industry due to their significant advantages. By cutting a standard cell in half, half-cell modules reduce the current by half, significantly reducing power loss. Furthermore, half-cell modules utilize a series-parallel design, equivalent to connecting two small modules in parallel, further optimizing their electrical performance. However, this design also introduces some new challenges.

[0003] First, a hole is typically placed in the back glass of a half-cell module to accommodate the junction box, significantly reducing the module's mechanical performance. Particularly in full-screen modules, the lack of A-side protection in the laminate significantly reduces the module's load-bearing capacity. Second, when the junction box is attached to the back of the module, a loose connection between the laminate's connecting wires and the box terminals often occurs, leading to localized overheating and subsequent glass shattering.

[0004] Furthermore, when photovoltaic modules are operated outdoors, dust, oil, and other contaminants easily accumulate on their surfaces. These contaminants reduce the modules' light transmittance, thus affecting power generation efficiency. Therefore, achieving self-cleaning functionality in photovoltaic modules has become a pressing issue.

[0005] In summary, while photovoltaic modules are currently striving to improve power generation efficiency, they also face challenges such as insufficient mechanical performance, hot spots caused by loose junction box terminals, and difficulty in cleaning and maintaining the module surface. Providing a photovoltaic module that can achieve self-cleaning capabilities while ensuring the module's mechanical load capacity and reducing the risk of glass breakage caused by loose junction box terminals is a technical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a photovoltaic module, comprising a laminate, a frame and a junction box, wherein the laminate comprises a backplane, front tempered glass, packaging materials and solar cells, wherein the solar cells are half-cells or 1 / N-cells, wherein the positive and negative poles of a plurality of solar cells are connected in series to form a group of battery strings, wherein the battery strings are connected in series or in parallel with each other, and each battery string has lead wires, which are connected to the junction box, and the junction box is arranged on the side of the frame.

[0008] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the frame is composed of a side vertical edge, a bottom edge, and a bracket. A bracket extends inwardly from a position near the upper end of the side vertical edge, and the bracket is used to fix the laminate. A glue groove for accommodating silicone is provided between the inner side of the side vertical edge and the top of the bracket.

[0009] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the side vertical edge, the bottom edge, and the bracket are integrally formed.

[0010] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, a strengthening module is installed between the bracket and the bottom edge, and the junction box is fixed within the strengthening module.

[0011] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the junction box includes a positive connection end and a negative connection end, and m diodes are provided inside it, as well as m + 1 wiring terminals that match the m diodes. A clamping groove is provided on the wiring terminal for corresponding clamping connection with the lead wire one by one.

[0012] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the strengthening module is a polyurethane lightweight and high-strength material.

[0013] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the strengthening module is installed between the bracket and the bottom edge by at least one of fixing screws, adhesives, and clamping.

[0014] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the lead wire includes a metal conductor, and a transparent insulating material is encapsulated outside the metal conductor.

[0015] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, a lead wire groove for accommodating the lead wire to pass through is opened at the middle position of the bracket. The length of the lead wire groove is 4 cm - 8 cm, and the groove depth is adapted to the outer diameter of the lead wire.

[0016] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the strengthening module is continuously or intermittently provided on two long side edges of the frame.

[0017] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0018] The present invention provides a photovoltaic module, which not only helps to improve the self-cleaning ability of the module, but also can improve the mechanical load performance of the module, and can also reduce the occurrence of glass breakage caused by local overheating due to virtual connection of the junction box terminals. Description of the Drawings

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic connection diagram of the frame and the laminate in the photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the frame in the photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is an internal structure diagram of the junction box in the photovoltaic module of the present invention;

[0024] In the figure: 100, laminate; 101, battery string; 200, frame; 201, side vertical edge; 202, bottom edge; 203, bracket; 204, reinforcement module; 205, fixing screw; 206, glue groove; 207, lead-out wire groove; 300, junction box; 301, diode; 302, terminal; 400, lead-out wire; 401, lead one; 402, lead two; 403, lead three; 404, lead four; 500, silica gel. Specific embodiments

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Refer to Figures 1 to 4As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a laminate 100, a frame 200, and a junction box 300. The laminate 100 includes a backsheet, a front tempered glass, encapsulation materials, and solar cells. As the core component of the photovoltaic module, the solar cells are responsible for converting light energy into electrical energy. Common types of solar cells include crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells. In this embodiment, crystalline silicon solar cells are used, and the solar cells in this embodiment are half cells or 1 / N cells. As Figure 1 shown, taking the half cell as an example, the structure of the photovoltaic module in this embodiment will be described. A number of half cells are connected in series at the positive and negative electrodes to form a battery string 101. In this embodiment, there are 6 groups of the above-mentioned battery strings 101, and the battery strings 101 are connected in series or in parallel with each other. Each battery string 101 has a lead wire 400 led out. For 6 series circuits, 4 lead wires 400 are led out, namely lead wire one 401, lead wire two 402, lead wire three 403, and lead wire four 404. The 4 lead wires 400 are connected to the junction box 300. The junction box 300 in this embodiment is arranged on the side of the frame. Compared with the photovoltaic modules in the prior art, one or more junction boxes 300 located in the middle of the module are cancelled in the junction box 300 of this embodiment, and the junction box 300 is arranged at one side frame 200, and a circuit is formed with the battery string 101 through 4 lead wires 400.

[0028] It should be understood that by cutting a standard solar cell into two halves, the current of the half cell module is reduced to half of the original, thereby reducing power loss. Its structure usually adopts a series-parallel design, which is equivalent to two small modules connected in parallel, and the junction box 300 is arranged in the middle of the module. This design optimizes the electrical performance, but also brings problems such as reduced mechanical performance and loose connection of the junction box terminals.

[0029] The structural design of the photovoltaic module needs to comprehensively consider various factors such as power generation efficiency, mechanical performance, and cleaning and maintenance. Although the half cell module has significant advantages in electrical performance, it also needs to solve problems such as mechanical performance and loose connection of the junction box terminals. The present invention improves the setting position of the junction box 300 in the existing half cell module, cancels the junction box 300 located in the middle of the module, avoids the operation of punching holes in the backsheet / back glass of the module, can improve the mechanical load performance of the module, and is also convenient to introduce self-cleaning technology, which can effectively improve the performance and service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0030] In this embodiment, the encapsulation material (such as EVA) is used to bond and fix the tempered glass and the solar cells, and its transparency and quality directly affect the lifespan of the module. The backsheet is located on the back of the module, playing the roles of sealing, insulation, and waterproofing. Usually, materials such as TPT and TPE are used, and higher requirements are imposed on the anti-aging performance. Of course, tempered glass can also be used to make a double-sided transparent photovoltaic module to improve the light utilization rate of the module. The front tempered glass is located on the front of the module, playing the role of protecting the solar cells. At the same time, it is required to have a high light transmittance, usually above 91%, and needs to be super white tempered. The frame 200 is used to protect the laminate 100, and generally, aluminum alloy material is used. The junction box 300 is an important part of the photovoltaic module, used to connect the solar cells to the external circuit and play the role of protecting the power generation system.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the lead-out wire 400 is made of copper, silver, or other alloys with good electrical conductivity, and preferably has a sheet structure. The metal outer layer of the lead-out wire 400 is encapsulated with a transparent insulating material, which can ensure good insulation performance between the lead-out wires 400.

[0032] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the frame 200 is composed of a side vertical edge 201, a bottom edge 202, and a bracket 203. The side vertical edge 201, the bottom edge 202, and the bracket 203 can be integrally formed or assembled after being separately designed. The side vertical edge 201 can be a solid metal plate or a cavity structure. The lower end of the side vertical edge 201 is bent 90° to one side (defined as the inner side) to form the bottom edge 202, and the width of the bottom edge 202 is 2 cm - 4 cm. The side vertical edge 201 extends inward near the upper end to form the bracket 203. The bracket 203 is used to fix the laminate 100, and the height distance from the top of the bracket 203 to the top of the side vertical edge 201 is determined according to the thickness of the laminate 100, approximately 1.1 times the thickness of the laminate 100. A glue groove 206 for accommodating the silicone 500 is left between the laminate 100 and the inner side of the side vertical edge 201 and the top of the bracket 203. Glue is pre-applied in the glue groove 206 so that the laminate 100 can be adhesively fixed to the inner side of the side vertical edge 201 and the top of the bracket 203.

[0033] It should be understood that in some embodiments, the side vertical edge 201, the bottom edge 202, and the bracket 203 are integrally formed, which can increase the structural strength of the entire frame 200.

[0034] In some other embodiments, the side vertical edge 201, the bottom edge 202, and the bracket 203 are connected in a split manner. On the one hand, it is convenient to adjust the height of the bracket 203 to adapt to laminates 100 with different thicknesses. On the other hand, it is convenient to assemble a strengthening module 204 between the bracket 203 and the bottom edge 202.

[0035] As Figure 2As shown, a reinforcement module 204 is installed between the bracket 203 and the bottom edge 202. The reinforcement module 204 is made of a polyurethane lightweight and high-strength material supported between the bottom edge 202 and the bracket 203. Its length matches the length of the long side frame, its width is the same as that of the bracket 203 of the frame 200, and its thickness is the same as the height gap from the bracket 203 to the bottom edge 202. The reinforcement module 204 is provided on both long side frames of the component, and a cavity for accommodating the junction box 300 is opened at the middle position of the reinforcement module 204 on one side. The position of this cavity corresponds to the lead-out position of the lead wire 400.

[0036] Correspondingly, as Figure 3 shown, a lead-out wire groove 207 for accommodating the lead wire 400 to pass through is opened at the middle position of the bracket 203. The length of the lead-out wire groove 207 is 4 cm - 8 cm, and the groove depth is about 2 mm, which is used to lead out the lead wire 400 from the frame 200.

[0037] The reinforcement module 204 can be snap-fitted between the bracket 203 and the bottom edge 202, or can be installed by fixing screws 205 passing through the side vertical edge 201, or can also be fixed using an adhesive. Of course, in a specific embodiment, the fixing screws 205 and the adhesive can be used simultaneously for fixing.

[0038] It should be understood that in practical applications, the reinforcement module 204 can be a long-shaped cushion block running through the inner side of the entire long side frame, or can be multiple block-shaped cushion blocks arranged at intervals on the inner side of the long side frame.

[0039] As Figure 4 shown, the junction box 300 includes a positive connection end and a negative connection end. It is internally provided with 3 diodes 301 and 4 connection terminals 302 matching the 3 diodes 301. The 4 connection terminals 302 are respectively used to connect with 4 lead wires 400. The connection terminals 302 are provided with snap-fit grooves, and the 4 lead wires 400 led out from the laminate 100 are snap-fitted with the 4 snap-fit grooves one by one.

[0040] The details not elaborated in the present invention are all conventional technical means well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0042] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention's design, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, It includes a laminate (100), a frame (200) and a junction box (300). The laminate (100) includes a backsheet, a front tempered glass, encapsulation materials and solar cells. The solar cells are half cells or 1 / N cells. A number of solar cells are connected in series at the positive and negative poles to form a battery string (101). The battery strings (101) are connected in series or in parallel with each other. Each battery string (101) has a lead-out wire (400) led out, and the lead-out wire (400) is connected to the junction box (300). The junction box (300) is arranged on the side of the frame (200).

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The frame (200) is composed of a side vertical edge (201), a bottom edge (202) and a bracket (203). The bracket (203) extends inward at a position near the upper end of the side vertical edge (201). The bracket (203) is used to fix the laminate (100). A glue groove (206) for accommodating silicone (500) is left between the laminate (100) and the inner side of the side vertical edge (201) and the top of the bracket (203).

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The side vertical edge (201), the bottom edge (202) and the bracket (203) are integrally formed.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, A strengthening module (204) is installed between the bracket (203) and the bottom edge (202), and the junction box (300) is fixed in the strengthening module (204).

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The junction box (300) includes a positive connection end and a negative connection end. It is internally provided with m diodes (301) and m + 1 connection terminals (302) matching the m diodes (301). The connection terminals (302) are provided with clamping grooves for corresponding clamping with the lead-out wires (400) one by one.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, wherein, The strengthening module (204) is made of a polyurethane lightweight high-strength material.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, wherein, The strengthening module (204) is installed between the bracket (203) and the bottom edge (202) by at least one of the ways of fixing screws (205), adhesives and clamping.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lead-out wire (400) includes a metal conductor, and the metal conductor is externally encapsulated with a transparent insulating material.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein, A lead-out wire groove (207) for accommodating the lead-out wire (400) to pass through is opened at the middle position of the bracket (203). The length of the lead-out wire groove (207) is 4 cm - 8 cm, and the groove depth is adapted to the outer diameter of the lead-out wire (400).

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, wherein, The strengthening modules (204) are arranged continuously or at intervals on the two long side edges of the frame (200).

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