Dipsacus asperoids water-floating seedling raising method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant seedling raising, and discloses a dipsacus asperoids water-floating seedling raising method which comprises the following steps: seed pretreatment: performing physical hull breaking treatment and biological induction treatment on dipsacus asperoids seeds, realizing permeability improvement of seed coats through an ultrasonic generator, and activating endogenous growth factors of the seeds in combination with temperature gradient change; a multi-layer microporous floating plate is adopted to bear the pretreated seeds, the floating plate is placed in a seedling culture container, a nutrient solution is injected into the container, hydroponic seedling culture is carried out in a controlled environment, the floating plate is provided with different pore diameter layers to adapt to the seed development stage, and the nutrient solution comprises a plant growth regulator and a microelement combination; performing treatment before transplanting, namely performing physiological regulation treatment on root systems of the seedlings before transplanting, wherein the physiological regulation treatment comprises auxin induction and stress-resistant substance pretreatment. The invention aims to solve the problem that the subsequent field management cost is increased sharply due to poor field seedling emergence uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating dipsacus seedlings by water-floating and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Dipsacus asper is an important member of the Dipsacus family. The most medicinally valuable part of Dipsacus asper is its root. It can be used as medicine only after a series of processing steps such as digging, washing, soaking, cutting into thin or thick slices, and drying. Modern scientific research shows that the root of Dipsacus asper is rich in various active ingredients such as Dipsacus asper saponins, which have significant pharmacological activity. Dipsacus asper saponins have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and fracture healing effects. In the field of traditional Chinese medicine, Dipsacus asper is often used to treat symptoms such as soreness of the waist and knees, rheumatism, metrorrhagia, fetal bleeding, and injuries from falls. It is an important medicinal material in many classic prescriptions.

[0003] In the traditional soil seedling system, the special physiological structure of the Dipsacus asper seeds becomes the core obstacle to germination rate. The thickness of the seed coat cuticle is 0.8-1.2mm, and the surface is densely covered with waxy protrusions, resulting in a water penetration rate of only 0.05-0.1mm / h under natural conditions. This physical barrier makes the seed swelling process abnormally slow. Laboratory observations show that it takes 45-60 days after traditional sowing to break through the seed coat, and the final germination rate is only maintained in the range of 58%-65%. What is more serious is that there is a fundamental contradiction between the inherent water retention properties of the soil medium and the water requirement characteristics of the Dipsacus asper seeds: when the soil moisture content exceeds 25%, a water film forms around the seeds to block oxygen exchange; when the moisture content is less than 15%, the hardening process of the cuticle is intensified. This double dilemma leads to extremely poor uniformity of seedling emergence in the field, and the coefficient of variation of seedling height is as high as 45%-50%, which directly causes a 30%-40% surge in subsequent field management costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The invention aims to solve the problem of a surge in subsequent field management costs due to poor uniformity of seedling emergence in the field, and proposes a method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in water-floating manner and its application.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] A method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in water, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S10. Seed pretreatment: Physical shell breaking and biological induction treatment are performed on the seeds of Dipsacus asper. The seed coat permeability is improved by using an ultrasonic generator, and the endogenous growth factors of the seeds are activated by combining temperature gradient changes.

[0008] S20, hydroponics seedling cultivation: Pre-treated seeds are carried on multi-layer microporous floats, which are placed in seedling containers and filled with nutrient solution. Hydroponics seedlings are grown in a controlled environment. The floats are configured with different pore sizes to suit the seed development stage. The nutrient solution contains a combination of plant growth regulators and trace elements.

[0009] S30. Pre-transplantation treatment: Before transplanting, the seedling roots are subjected to physiological regulation treatment, including auxin induction and pre-treatment with stress-resistant substances.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0011] Furthermore, the physical shell breaking process in step S10 adopts ultrasonic assisted shell breaking technology, with specific parameters of frequency 35 to 45 kHz and power density 0.25-0.35 W / cm 2 The treatment time is 3-7 minutes, the ultrasonic transducer and the seed contact surface are kept at a distance of 5-10 mm, the treatment medium is deionized water, and the water temperature is maintained at 20-30°C.

[0012] Furthermore, the biological induction treatment in step S10 includes three stages of gradient temperature-sensitive seed soaking:

[0013] Stage 1: Soak in 0.45 to 0.55% gibberellin solution at a constant temperature of 23 to 27°C for 10-14 hours;

[0014] Stage 2: Refrigerate in a low-temperature environment of 2 to 6°C for 6 to 10 hours;

[0015] Stage 3: Rewarm at 33 to 37°C for 3 to 5 hours, with a temperature ramp rate of 0.5°C / min.

[0016] The gradient temperature-sensitive seed soaking system includes three independent temperature-controlled tanks with automatic material transfer mechanisms between the tanks. Each temperature-controlled tank is equipped with a precision temperature sensor, a circulating water pump and an ultraviolet sterilization module. The measurement accuracy of the precision temperature sensor is ±0.1°C, the flow rate of the circulating water pump is 0.5 to 1.5m / s, the wavelength of the ultraviolet sterilization module is 254nm, and the power is 30 to 50W.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step S20, the multi-layer microporous floating plate is made of a foamed polymer material with a density controlled at 20-30 kg / m 3 Range, including the upper seeding layer and the lower root-limiting layer, where:

[0018] The hole diameter of the upper seeding layer is 4.0 to 5.0 mm, the hole spacing is 7 to 9 mm, and the hole depth is 3 to 5 mm;

[0019] The hole diameter of the lower root-limiting layer is 1.8 to 2.2 mm, the hole spacing is 5 to 7 mm, and the hole depth is 2 to 4 mm;

[0020] The gap between the two layers is adjustable from 1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of the floating plate is 15 to 25 mm;

[0021] During the water-floating seedling cultivation process, the liquid level is adjusted in real time according to the seed diameter, and the liquid level is maintained at 55 to 65% of the seed diameter.

[0022] Furthermore, the nutrient solution in step S20 includes the following components and concentration ranges:

[0023] Gibberellic acid, wherein the concentration of gibberellins ranges from 0.12 to 0.18 mg / L;

[0024] Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, wherein the concentration of zinc sulfate heptahydrate ranges from 0.20 to 0.30 mg / L;

[0025] Boric acid, wherein the concentration of the boric acid ranges from 0.20 to 0.30 mg / L;

[0026] The pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled in the range of 5.7 to 5.9, the conductivity is maintained at 0.8 to 1.2 mS / cm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is not less than 5 mg / L.

[0027] Furthermore, the controlled environmental parameters in step S20 include:

[0028] The lighting system uses a red and blue composite spectrum, with a red light wavelength of 630 to 660nm, a blue light wavelength of 450 to 470nm, a light intensity of 3000-5000lux, and a red-blue light intensity ratio of 3:1 to 5:1;

[0029] Temperature control uses PID algorithm, with a set value of 24 to 26°C and a fluctuation range of ±1°C;

[0030] The relative humidity is controlled at 70 to 80%, and an ultrasonic humidifier and a dehumidifier are used for joint adjustment.

[0031] Furthermore, the auxin induction treatment in step S30 uses an indolebutyric acid solution to soak the roots, the solution concentration is 45 to 55 mg / L, the treatment time is 8 to 12 minutes, the treatment temperature is maintained at 18 to 22°C, and the treatment is accompanied by intermittent aeration, the aeration frequency is 2 to 3 times / minute, and each aeration lasts 5 to 10 seconds.

[0032] Furthermore, the stress-resistant substance pretreatment in step S30 uses a melatonin solution with a concentration of 8 to 12 μmol / L, and the treatment method is foliar spraying combined with root dipping, with a spraying amount of 50 to 70 mL / m 2 The immersion time is 15-25 minutes, and the treatment interval is 12 hours and implemented twice.

[0033] On the other hand, the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0035] The present invention adopts a combination of physical shell breaking and biological induction treatment in the seed pretreatment stage, and uses an ultrasonic generator to improve the permeability of the seed coat, which can effectively break through the physical barrier formed by the thick cuticle and waxy protrusions of the seeds, significantly improve the water penetration rate, and accelerate the seed swelling process; at the same time, the temperature gradient change activates the endogenous growth factor of the seeds, which can promote the faster initiation of physiological and biochemical reactions inside the seeds, shorten the seed germination time, and improve the germination rate, thus improving the dilemma of breaking through the seed coat and germination rate after traditional sowing. In the water-floating seedling stage, the design of multi-layer microporous floating plates for carrying seeds can accurately control the contact between seeds and nutrient solution and air, avoiding the oxygen exchange barrier caused by improper water content of traditional soil media. Or the problem of hardening of the cuticle, and the different aperture layers of the floating plate are adapted to the seed development stage, providing a more suitable environment for seed germination and seedling growth, improving the uniformity of seedling emergence, and reducing the coefficient of variation of seedling height; the combination of plant growth regulators and trace elements in the nutrient solution can provide sufficient and reasonable nutrients for seeds and seedlings, further promote growth and development, and reduce growth differences caused by nutrient imbalance. Before transplanting, the roots of the seedlings are physiologically regulated, and auxin induction is used to promote root growth and development, and enhance the root system's ability to absorb water and nutrients. Pretreatment with stress-resistant substances improves the stress resistance of the seedlings, making them more adaptable to environmental changes after transplanting, reducing damage and seedling acclimatization time during transplanting, thereby reducing subsequent field management costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for raising Dipsacus asper seedlings by water-floating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: Balanced Optimization Method for Raising Dipsacus asper Seedlings by Water Floating

[0039] This embodiment provides a method for growing seedlings of Dipsacus asper in water, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] S10, seed pretreatment, physical shell breaking and biological induction treatment of the seeds, using an ultrasonic generator to improve the permeability of the seed coat, combined with temperature gradient changes to activate the seed's endogenous growth factors;

[0041] Physical shell breaking treatment: ultrasonic assisted shell breaking technology is used, an ultrasonic generator with a frequency of 40kHz is selected, and the power density is set to 0.30W / cm 2 , the treatment time is 5 minutes. The seeds of Dipsacus asper are placed in a deionized water medium, the ultrasonic transducer is kept 8mm away from the contact surface of the seeds, and the water temperature is maintained at 25°C by a constant temperature device. This parameter setting is based on the thickness of the seed coat cuticle (0.8-1.2mm) and the structural characteristics of the waxy protrusions. Micropores are formed on the surface of the seed coat through the ultrasonic cavitation effect, which increases the water penetration rate from 0.05-0.1mm / h of the traditional method to 0.3-0.4mm / h. Biological induced treatment: A three-stage gradient temperature-sensitive seed soaking technology is adopted, using three independent temperature control tanks and equipped with an automatic material transfer mechanism. In the first stage, the seeds were immersed in a 0.5% gibberellin solution and treated at a constant temperature of 25°C for 12 hours. The gibberellin solution was circulated by a circulating water pump at a flow rate of 1.0m / s to ensure that the seeds were evenly exposed to the solution. In the second stage, the seeds were transferred to a 4°C low-temperature tank for 8 hours through an automatic transfer mechanism to inhibit seed respiration and activate dormant endogenous growth factors. In the third stage, the seeds were rewarmed to 35°C for 4 hours. The temperature was increased at a constant rate of 0.5°C / min during the rewarming process. The ultraviolet sterilization module (wavelength 254nm, power 40W) in each temperature-controlled tank was activated for 5 minutes every hour to prevent microbial contamination. The gradient temperature-sensitive treatment increased the endogenous auxin content of the seeds by 40%, laying a physiological foundation for subsequent germination.

[0042] S20, hydroponics seedling cultivation, using multi-layer microporous floating plates to carry pre-treated seeds, placing the floating plates in a seedling container, and injecting nutrient solution into the container. The seedlings are grown hydroponically in a controlled environment. The floating plates are provided with different pore sizes to adapt to the seed development stage. The nutrient solution contains a combination of plant growth regulators and trace elements.

[0043] Floating plate structure and nutrient solution configuration: Multi-layer microporous floating plate adopts density 25kg / m 3The foamed polymer material has a pore size of 4.5mm for the upper seeding layer, a pore spacing of 8mm, and a pore depth of 4mm; the pore size of the lower root-limiting layer is 2.0mm, the pore spacing is 6mm, and the pore depth is 3mm. The spacing between the two layers is maintained at 2mm by an adjustment device, and the total thickness of the floating plate is 20mm. According to the average diameter of the Dipsacus asper seeds of 6mm, the liquid level is adjusted to 60% of the seed diameter (i.e. 3.6mm), which not only ensures the water absorption needs of the seeds, but also avoids the water film blocking the oxygen exchange. The nutrient solution contains: gibberellin 0.15mg / L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 0.25mg / L, boric acid 0.25mg / L, the pH value is adjusted to 5.8 by dilute sulfuric acid, the conductivity is maintained at 1.0mS / cm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is controlled at above 6mg / L by an aeration device. Controlled environmental parameters: The lighting system utilizes a red-blue composite spectrum with a red wavelength of 650nm and a blue wavelength of 460nm, an intensity of 4000 lux, a red-blue ratio of 4:1, and 14 hours of sunlight per day. The temperature is controlled at 25°C ± 1°C using a PID algorithm, and the relative humidity is maintained at 75% using an ultrasonic humidifier and dehumidifier. This combination of environmental parameters reduces seed imbibition time to 15-20 days, a 60% improvement over traditional methods.

[0044] S30, pre-transplantation treatment, physiological regulation of the seedling root system before transplanting, including auxin induction and stress resistance substance pre-treatment;

[0045] Auxin induction treatment: Prepare 50mg / L indolebutyric acid solution and immerse the seedling roots in it. The treatment temperature is controlled at 20℃, and intermittent aeration is used (frequency 2.5 times / minute, each aeration 8 seconds), and the treatment time is 10min. Indolebutyric acid can promote root cell division, increase the number of root hairs by 30%, and enhance water absorption capacity. Anti-stress substance pretreatment: Use 10μmol / L melatonin solution and spray it on the leaves (60mL / m 2 Melatonin was combined with root immersion (20 minutes) for two treatments, 12 hours apart. Melatonin induced a 25% increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, significantly enhancing the seedlings' ability to adapt to temperature and light changes after transplanting.

[0046] Analysis of the results of Example 1: The germination rate of the seeds of the knotweed treated by the method of this embodiment reached 88.5%, which was more than 35% higher than the 58%-65% of traditional soil seedling cultivation; the time for seeds to break through the seed coat was shortened to 22 days, which was more than 50% lower than the 45-60 days of the traditional method; the uniformity of field seedling emergence was significantly improved, and the coefficient of variation of seedling height was reduced to 22%, which was 56% lower than the 45%-50% of the traditional method; the survival rate of seedlings after transplanting reached 92%, and the subsequent field management cost was reduced by 38% compared with the traditional method.

[0047] Features of Example 1: This example utilizes a combination of intermediate parameters to achieve balanced optimization across three key steps: seed pretreatment, water-soaking environment control, and pre-transplantation treatment. Ultrasonic treatment and gradient temperature-sensitive seed soaking synergistically break down the physical barrier of the seed coat and activate physiological activity. Multi-layered floating plates and a precise nutrient solution ratio address the water-oxygen imbalance in the soil medium. Auxin and melatonin treatments balance root development and enhance stress resistance. Suitable for large-scale seedling production, this example demonstrates excellent overall performance, with all indicators reaching industry-leading levels.

[0048] Example 2: Rapid germination type Dipsacus asper water-floating seedling cultivation method

[0049] This embodiment adjusts parameters within the scope of the claims, focusing on shortening the seed germination time. The specific steps are as follows:

[0050] S10. Seed pretreatment: Physical shell breaking and biological induction treatment are performed on the seeds of Dipsacus asper. The seed coat permeability is improved by an ultrasonic generator, and the endogenous growth factors of the seeds are activated in combination with temperature gradient changes.

[0051] Physical shell breaking treatment: ultrasonic frequency 45kHz, power density 0.35W / cm 2 , treatment time 3min, the distance between the transducer and the seed is 5mm, and the water temperature is maintained at 30℃. High-intensity, short-time ultrasonic treatment forms dense microchannels on the surface of the seed coat, which increases the water penetration rate to 0.5mm / h, more than 5 times higher than the traditional method. Biological induction treatment: In the first stage, 0.55% gibberellin solution is used to soak at 27℃ for 10 hours to accelerate the softening of the seed coat; in the second stage, it is transferred to a 2℃ low-temperature tank for 6 hours to force the seeds into a shallow dormancy state; in the third stage, it is rewarmed at 37℃ for 3 hours, and the temperature change rate is strictly controlled at 0.5℃ / min. High-concentration gibberellin and extreme temperature gradient treatment cause the endogenous cytokinin content of seeds to surge by 60%, and the germination start time is advanced by more than 10 days.

[0052] S20, hydroponics seedling cultivation, using multi-layer microporous floating plates to carry pre-treated seeds, placing the floating plates in a seedling container, and injecting nutrient solution into the container. The seedlings are grown hydroponically in a controlled environment. The floating plates are provided with different pore sizes to adapt to the seed development stage. The nutrient solution contains a combination of plant growth regulators and trace elements.

[0053] The floating plate structure and nutrient solution configuration: The upper seeding layer has a 5.0mm hole diameter and 7mm hole spacing; the lower root-restricting layer has a 1.8mm hole diameter and 5mm hole spacing, with a 1mm spacing between the two layers. The floating plate thickness is 15mm. The liquid level is set at 55% of the seed diameter (3.3mm), ensuring that the lower half of the seed is immersed in the nutrient solution while the upper part is exposed to air, achieving an optimal balance between water absorption and oxygen exchange. The nutrient solution contains 0.18mg / L gibberellin, 0.30mg / L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.30mg / L boric acid. The pH is 5.7, the conductivity is 1.2mS / cm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is maintained above 7mg / L. Controlled environmental parameters: The lighting system uses a red-to-blue light intensity ratio of 5:1, a red wavelength of 660nm, a blue wavelength of 450nm, and an intensity of 5000lux to promote early chloroplast development. The temperature is controlled at 26°C ± 1°C, and the relative humidity is 70%, accelerating metabolic processes by increasing environmental energy supply.

[0054] S30, pre-transplantation treatment, physiological regulation of the seedling root system before transplanting, including auxin induction and stress resistance substance pre-treatment;

[0055] Auxin induction treatment: indolebutyric acid solution concentration 55mg / L, treatment time 8min, temperature 22℃, aeration frequency 3 times / min, each aeration 5 seconds, to quickly activate the root meristem activity. Anti-stress substance pretreatment: melatonin concentration 12μmol / L, spraying amount 50mL / m 2 The immersion time is 15 minutes, and the treatment is divided into two times with an interval of 12 hours, which can reduce the dosage of the agent while ensuring the anti-adversity effect.

[0056] Analysis of the results of Example 2: The seed germination rate reached 85.2%, and the shell-breaking time was shortened to 18 days, which was 67% higher than the traditional method; the coefficient of variation of seedling height was 25%, and the transplanting survival rate was 90%; compared with Example 1, the germination time was further shortened, but the germination rate decreased slightly due to high-intensity ultrasonic treatment (still much higher than the traditional method).

[0057] Features of Example 2: This example achieves rapid germination through a combination of extreme parameters. High-intensity ultrasonic treatment and high-concentration gibberellins synergistically break down the seed coat barrier, while a high-temperature, high-light environment accelerates physiological metabolism. This method is suitable for scenarios with strict requirements for the seedling raising cycle. Although some indicators fluctuate slightly due to the upper parameter limits, the overall performance is still significantly superior to traditional methods. This method is particularly suitable for seasonal seedling raising in northern regions with a short frost-free period, effectively extending the growing season.

[0058] Example 3: Method for raising seedlings of stress-resistant and enhanced Dipsacus asper in water

[0059] This example focuses on improving the stress resistance of seedlings and adapting them to complex field environments. The specific steps are as follows:

[0060] S10. Seed pretreatment

[0061] Physical shell breaking treatment: ultrasonic frequency 35kHz, power density 0.25W / cm 2 The treatment lasted 7 minutes, with a transducer spacing of 10 mm and a water temperature of 20°C. This low-intensity, long-term treatment formed uniform micropores in the seed coat, preventing excessive damage to the embryo while preserving a portion of the seed coat barrier to strengthen the foundation for later stress resistance. Bio-induction treatment: In the first stage, seeds were soaked in a 0.45% gibberellin solution at 23°C for 14 hours to slowly activate their metabolism. In the second stage, the seeds were transferred to a 6°C low-temperature tank for 10 hours to extend the low-temperature induction period and accumulate stress-related proteins. In the third stage, the seeds were rewarmed at 33°C for 5 hours. This gentle temperature change protected the seeds' endogenous hormone balance.

[0062] S20, water floating seedling cultivation

[0063] The floating plate structure and nutrient solution configuration: The upper seeding layer has a 4.0mm hole diameter and 9mm hole spacing; the lower root-restricting layer has a 2.2mm hole diameter and 7mm hole spacing, with a 3mm spacing between the two layers. The floating plate is 25mm thick. The large hole spacing and thickness provide ample space for root development. The liquid level is set at 65% of the seed diameter (3.9mm) to ensure a stable water supply. The nutrient solution contains 0.12mg / L gibberellin, 0.20mg / L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.20mg / L boric acid. The pH is 5.9, the conductivity is 0.8mS / cm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is maintained at 5mg / L, creating mild nutrient conditions similar to those in natural environments. Controlled environmental parameters: The lighting system has a red-to-blue light intensity ratio of 3:1, a red light wavelength of 630nm, a blue light wavelength of 470nm, and a light intensity of 3000lux to reduce light stress. The temperature is controlled at 24°C ± 1°C, and the relative humidity is 80%. The high humidity environment promotes the development of root hairs and enhances water absorption capacity.

[0064] S30, pre-transplantation treatment

[0065] Auxin induction treatment: indolebutyric acid solution concentration 45mg / L, treatment time 12min, temperature 18℃, aeration frequency 2 times / min, each aeration 10 seconds, slowly induce root longitudinal growth and form a deep root system. Anti-stress substance pretreatment: melatonin concentration 8μmol / L, spraying amount 70mL / m 2 The immersion time is 25 minutes, and the treatment is divided into two times with an interval of 12 hours. Through dual absorption by leaves and roots, the proline content in the seedlings increases by 35%, significantly improving the drought and cold resistance.

[0066] Analysis of the results of Example 3: The seed germination rate was 89.3%, the shell-breaking time was 25 days, the coefficient of variation of the seedling height was 20% (the lowest among the examples), and the survival rate of the seedlings after transplanting in a drought (soil moisture content 10%) and low temperature (10°C) environment reached 85%, which was more than 50% higher than the traditional method, and the later field management cost was reduced by 42%.

[0067] Features of Example 3: This example utilizes low-intensity physical treatment and mild environmental parameters to enhance stress-resistance gene expression while protecting seed integrity. The floating plate structure and nutrient solution ratio prioritize root morphology, and melatonin pretreatment significantly enhances seedlings' ability to adapt to stress. Suitable for areas with poor soil conditions or variable climates, such as mountainous and sloping land, this method lays a strong foundation for plant growth from the seedling stage, minimizing losses from later stress events. It offers outstanding ecological adaptability and stable yields.

[0068] Comparative example: Traditional soil seedling raising method

[0069] The traditional soil seedling system described in the background technology is used, with the following specific steps: Seed treatment: Only routine screening is performed, without physical shell cracking or biological induction treatment, and the seeds are directly sown in loam, with the soil moisture content controlled at 20% (the critical range that easily leads to water film and cuticle hardening in traditional methods). Seedling environment: Natural light, temperature fluctuations of 20-30°C, no precise temperature control and moisturizing equipment, the nutrient solution relies on the soil's own nutrients, and no plant growth regulators or trace elements are added. Transplantation treatment: Direct transplanting of seedlings without root physiological regulation.

[0070] Comparative analysis showed that the seed germination rate was 62.3%, the shell-breaking time was 55 days, the coefficient of variation of seedling height was 48%, the survival rate after transplanting was 65%, and the field management cost was 35% higher than that of Example 1. All indicators were significantly lower than those of the water-floating seedling raising method of the present invention, fully demonstrating the shortcomings of the traditional method in terms of seed coat barrier breakthrough, environmental control, and seedling stress resistance.

[0071] The present invention also provides application of the above-mentioned method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper.

[0072] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply the existence of any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0073] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper by water-drifting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10. Seed pretreatment: Physical shell breaking and biological induction treatment are performed on the seeds of Dipsacus asper. The seed coat permeability is improved by using an ultrasonic generator, and the endogenous growth factors of the seeds are activated by combining temperature gradient changes. S20, hydroponics seedling cultivation: Pre-treated seeds are carried on multi-layer microporous floats, which are placed in seedling containers and filled with nutrient solution. Hydroponics seedlings are grown in a controlled environment. The floats are configured with different pore sizes to suit the seed development stage. The nutrient solution contains a combination of plant growth regulators and trace elements. S30. Pre-transplantation treatment: Before transplanting, the seedling roots are subjected to physiological regulation treatment, including auxin induction and pre-treatment with stress-resistant substances.

2. A method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in water according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical shell breaking process in step S10 adopts ultrasonic assisted shell breaking technology, and the specific parameters are frequency 35 to 45 kHz and power density 0.25-0.35 W / cm 2 The treatment time is 3-7 minutes, the ultrasonic transducer and the seed contact surface are kept at a distance of 5-10 mm, the treatment medium is deionized water, and the water temperature is maintained at 20-30°C.

3. A method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological induction treatment in step S10 includes three stages of gradient temperature-sensitive seed soaking: Stage 1: Soak in 0.45 to 0.55% gibberellin solution at a constant temperature of 23 to 27°C for 10-14 hours; Stage 2: Refrigerate in a low-temperature environment of 2 to 6°C for 6 to 10 hours; Stage 3: Rewarm at 33 to 37°C for 3 to 5 hours, with a temperature ramp rate of 0.5°C / min. The gradient temperature-sensitive seed soaking system includes three independent temperature-controlled tanks with automatic material transfer mechanisms between the tanks. Each temperature-controlled tank is equipped with a precision temperature sensor, a circulating water pump and an ultraviolet sterilization module. The measurement accuracy of the precision temperature sensor is ±0.1°C, the flow rate of the circulating water pump is 0.5 to 1.5m / s, the wavelength of the ultraviolet sterilization module is 254nm, and the power is 30 to 50W.

4. A method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S20, the multi-layer microporous floating plate is made of a foamed polymer material, and the density is controlled at 20-30 kg / m 3 Range, including the upper seeding layer and the lower root-limiting layer, where: The hole diameter of the upper seeding layer is 4.0 to 5.0 mm, the hole spacing is 7 to 9 mm, and the hole depth is 3 to 5 mm; The hole diameter of the lower root-limiting layer is 1.8 to 2.2 mm, the hole spacing is 5 to 7 mm, and the hole depth is 2 to 4 mm; The gap between the two layers is adjustable from 1 to 3 mm, and the thickness of the floating plate is 15 to 25 mm; During the water-floating seedling cultivation process, the liquid level is adjusted in real time according to the seed diameter, and the liquid level is maintained at 55 to 65% of the seed diameter.

5. A method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution in step S20 comprises the following components and concentration ranges: Gibberellic acid, wherein the concentration of gibberellins ranges from 0.12 to 0.18 mg / L; Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, wherein the concentration of zinc sulfate heptahydrate ranges from 0.20 to 0.30 mg / L; Boric acid, wherein the concentration of the boric acid ranges from 0.20 to 0.30 mg / L; The pH value of the nutrient solution is controlled in the range of 5.7 to 5.9, the conductivity is maintained at 0.8 to 1.2 mS / cm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is not less than 5 mg / L.

6. A method for raising seedlings of Dipsacus asper in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controlled environmental parameters in step S20 include: The lighting system uses a red and blue composite spectrum, with a red light wavelength of 630 to 660nm, a blue light wavelength of 450 to 470nm, a light intensity of 3000-5000lux, and a red-blue light intensity ratio of 3:1 to 5:1; Temperature control uses PID algorithm, with a set value of 24 to 26°C and a fluctuation range of ±1°C; The relative humidity is controlled at 70 to 80%, and an ultrasonic humidifier and a dehumidifier are used for joint adjustment.

7. A water-floating seedling raising method for Dipsacus asper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxin induction treatment in step S30 is performed by soaking the root system in an indolebutyric acid solution with a solution concentration of 45 to 55 mg / L, a treatment time of 8 to 12 minutes, and a treatment temperature maintained at 18 to 22°C. The treatment is accompanied by intermittent aeration with an aeration frequency of 2 to 3 times / minute and each aeration lasting 5 to 10 seconds.

8. A water-floating seedling raising method for Dipsacus asper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stress-resistant substance pretreatment in step S30 uses a melatonin solution with a concentration of 8 to 12 μmol / L, and the treatment method is foliar spraying combined with root immersion, with a spraying volume of 50 to 70 mL / m 2 The immersion time is 15-25 minutes, and the treatment interval is 12 hours and implemented twice.

9. Use of the method for raising dipsaci seedlings by water-floating according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in raising dipsaci seedlings.

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