Container fish culture and rice field ecological planting and breeding intelligent combination method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a container fish culture and rice field ecological planting and breeding intelligent combination method and application. According to the method, a container fish culture facility is communicated with n rice fields through pipelines, the n rice fields are irrigated as required when the water content of culture tails is controlled through valves, and rice-fish co-culture, rice-duck co-culture or rice-loach co-culture is carried out in the n rice fields at the same time. According to the method, the container breeding tail water discharge amount and the tail water containing amount of the rice field ecological planting and breeding system are fully coordinated, optimized irrigation management of the rice field is achieved, the nutrient and water resource utilization rate and the agricultural product yield of the rice field ecological planting and breeding system are effectively increased, and the method is an efficient, clean and green rice field comprehensive planting and breeding mode; the method has high ecological value and social economic value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological breeding technology, and in particular to an intelligent combination method of container fish farming and rice field ecological breeding and its application. Background Art

[0002] Ecological rice farming is an agricultural production model that organically integrates rice cultivation and animal husbandry within the same rice paddy ecosystem. In this model, animals not only prey on rice pests and pathogens, reducing the risk of rice pests and diseases, but also their excrement serves as organic fertilizer, improving soil fertility and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, thereby lowering production costs and the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution. This model offers significant economic and ecological benefits. However, to meet the needs of the animals, ecological rice farming typically requires maintaining a water depth of 10 to 25 cm in the paddies, far exceeding the 5 to 10 cm required in conventional rice monoculture paddies. This means that implementing ecological rice farming significantly increases the paddies' water demand.

[0003] Container farming is a new type of intensive and facility-based farming method that uses the enclosed space of containers to breed aquatic animals such as fish and shrimp. This method can not only effectively control the breeding environment, reduce disease transmission and animal mortality, but also achieve precise feeding, water quality monitoring and other management through intelligent equipment, greatly improving breeding efficiency. Although container farming has the advantages of saving land resources and not being restricted by traditional waters. However, due to the limited and enclosed space inside the container, the self-purification ability of the water body is weak, so fresh water needs to be frequently replaced or supplemented to maintain good water quality. This means that container farming consumes a lot of water resources. According to statistics, the water consumption of a single container during a breeding period is about 2.25×10 4 m 3 .

[0004] Discharging containerized aquaculture tailwater into rice paddies for use in rice field ecological farming systems is a novel solution for the comprehensive utilization of water resources. This method not only solves the problem of containerized aquaculture tailwater treatment but also provides a large amount of water resources for rice field ecological farming. Simultaneously, rice fields efficiently utilize and eliminate nutrients in aquaculture tailwater through soil adsorption, rice root absorption, and microbial decomposition. However, the water purification capacity of rice field ecosystems is limited, and absorption requires time. If containerized aquaculture tailwater is improperly discharged, it may disrupt the water balance and water quality stability of the rice field ecosystem, affecting the growth and survival of rice and animals, and thus the economic benefits of the rice field ecosystem. Therefore, it is of great significance to rationally manage the relationship between containerized aquaculture tailwater and rice field ecological farming systems to achieve an ecological balance between the two and ensure sustainable production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and application for intelligent combination of container fish farming and rice field ecological farming.

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide a system for intelligently combining container fish farming with rice field ecological farming.

[0007] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for intelligently combining container fish farming with rice field ecological farming using the above-mentioned system.

[0008] The present invention claims the following:

[0009] A system for intelligently combining container fish farming with rice field ecological cultivation and breeding, comprising a container fish farming facility and n rice fields, where n is 2 to 6;

[0010] The container fish farming facility is provided with a drainage main pipe, and the drainage main pipe is provided with a main valve;

[0011] The outlet end of the drainage main is connected to the n rice fields through a corresponding number of water outlet branches;

[0012] The water outlet branch pipes are all provided with valves.

[0013] Since the rice field ecosystem has a limited water purification capacity and requires a certain amount of time to absorb, if container aquaculture tailwater is discharged into the rice field for use in the rice field ecological breeding system, improper discharge of the container aquaculture tailwater may cause changes in the water environment of the rice field system and even a decline in water quality, thereby affecting the survival and growth of rice and farmed animals, and further affecting the economic benefits of the rice field ecosystem. Through experimental observation and data calculation, the present invention obtains that when the number of rice fields is 2 to 6, the container aquaculture tailwater is controlled by the main valve and valves to irrigate n rice fields in a phased manner on demand, which can fully balance the discharge volume of container aquaculture tailwater, the water capacity and water purification capacity of the rice field ecological breeding system, thereby realizing green and ecological rice field efficient integrated breeding.

[0014] Preferably, n=4, and the area of the rice fields is 2 to 2.5 mu per block.

[0015] Preferably, the water volume of the container fish farming facility is 20-25m 3 .

[0016] Preferably, the number of the rice fields is 4. Due to the large size of the container fish farming facility, in order to rationally utilize land resources and for the sake of environmental protection, energy saving and other aspects, more preferably, the rice fields and the container fish farming facility can be arranged in the following manner:

[0017] The four rice fields are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence to form a rice field unit, and the container fish farming facility is arranged around the rice field unit;

[0018] Or the four rice fields are arranged in a cross shape, and the container fish farming facility is arranged at the center of the cross formed by the four rice fields;

[0019] Or the four rice fields are arranged in a cross shape to form a rice field unit, and the container fish farming facility is arranged around the rice field unit.

[0020] In order to automate the discharge of tail water from container aquaculture and achieve the goal of simplified production of the combined system, it is preferred that the main valve is provided with an automatic drainage device, the valve provided on the water outlet branch is an automatic valve, and the automatic valve is provided with an automatic drainage device.

[0021] Preferably, the container fish farming facility is further provided with a tailwater drain outlet and a tailwater drain pipe, and the tailwater drain pipe is provided with a valve.

[0022] Preferably, the container fish farming facility is also provided with a water quality monitor for real-time monitoring of water temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen to ensure stable aquaculture water quality.

[0023] A method for intelligently combining containerized fish farming with ecological rice field farming using the above system, wherein the rice fields in the system are irrigated by controlling the main valve on the drainage main pipe and the valves on the water outlet branch pipes:

[0024] When the total daily water demand of n rice paddies is less than the amount of tailwater produced by one container fish farm in one day, a rotation irrigation system with an n-day cycle will be adopted: the tailwater produced by one container fish farm in one day will only irrigate one rice paddy. After the water reaches the maximum depth, the excess tailwater will be filtered through the rice paddy and discharged. The remaining n-1 rice paddies will be irrigated on a daily basis.

[0025] The total daily water demand of n rice fields is equal to or higher than the amount of tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day. The tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day is evenly used to irrigate each rice field.

[0026] When all n rice fields need to be flooded more deeply or rewatered after being drained, the main valve on the drainage main pipe and the valves on the water outlet branches connected to each rice field are opened at the same time until the target water level is reached.

[0027] In order to take into account the survival and growth of rice and animals in the rice field ecosystem, it is preferred that the total daily water demand of n rice fields is less than the amount of aquaculture tailwater produced by a container fish farming facility in one day, and rice fields that have reached the maximum irrigation depth also drain water outward;

[0028] The total daily water demand of n rice fields is higher than the amount of aquaculture tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day, and each rice field supplements the daily water demand at the same time.

[0029] When the following conditions exist, part of the container aquaculture tailwater is discharged through the tailwater outlet and tailwater pipe:

[0030] During the rice greening period and early tillering stage, the tailwater discharge from container aquaculture is higher than the demand from rice fields;

[0031] Or in the later stages of rice growth, water requirements gradually decrease;

[0032] Or when there is heavy rainfall on rainy days, the rice fields can only accommodate part of the containers to discharge the aquaculture tail water.

[0033] When the following conditions exist, the tailwater of container aquaculture shall be discharged through the tailwater outlet and tailwater pipe:

[0034] Draining and drying rice fields;

[0035] Or when there is heavy rainfall on rainy days, the rice fields cannot accommodate the containers that discharge aquaculture tail water.

[0036] Preferably, the container fish farming facility is also provided with an air inlet, through which oxygen is added to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is higher than 6 mg / L, thereby avoiding excessive nitrite and ammonia nitrogen in the water caused by insufficient dissolved oxygen, thereby inducing fish and animal diseases in the container and affecting the yield of the rice field ecological farming system.

[0037] Through experimental data observation and calculation, this invention demonstrates that when the number of rice paddies is 2 to 6, containerized aquaculture tailwater can be discharged to n paddies on demand, controlled by a master valve and valves. This effectively balances the amount of containerized aquaculture tailwater discharged, the water capacity of the paddy field ecological farming system, and the amount of purified water. Irrigating paddies with tailwater from containerized fish farming facilities not only effectively improves water resource utilization but also leverages the water purification function of paddy field wetlands. This purifies tailwater while reducing fertilizer use in paddy fields, achieving cost savings and increased efficiency.

[0038] Since the water volume of the container fish farming facility and the area of the rice field will have a great impact on the yield of primary agricultural products in the rice field ecological breeding system, it is preferred that the ratio of the area of each rice field to the water volume of the container fish farming facility is (1.3-10) mu: (20-25) m 3 .

[0039] Under the condition of the same container drainage volume, if the total area of the rice field is reduced, the total water demand of the rice field will also be reduced, which will not make efficient use of water resources. Therefore, it is more preferred that the ratio of the area of each rice field to the water volume of the container fish farming facility is 2.5 mu: 25m 3 , or the ratio of the area of each rice field to the water volume of the container fish farming facility is 2 mu: 20m 3 .

[0040] Since the fish farming density is closely related to the survival rate, physiological growth status and nutrient concentration of the fish farming tail water, and also affects the sewage purification capacity of the rice field ecosystem and the output of primary agricultural products, it is preferred that the fish farming density in the container fish farming facility is 200 to 250 fish / m 3 .

[0041] As the fish farming density in the container increases, in order to maintain the quality of the aquaculture water environment, the frequency of changing the water in the container will also increase, which will increase the daily drainage volume and cause waste of water resources. Therefore, it is more preferred that the fish farming density in the container fish farming facility is 200 fish / m 3 .

[0042] There are rich nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the tail water of fish farming in containers, and there are also nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the animal excrement of the rice field ecological farming system. However, the rice root system has limited absorption of these nutrients. In order to fully coordinate the supply and demand balance of these nutrients, it is preferred that the planting density of rice in the rice field is 15,000 to 17,000 plants per mu.

[0043] Preferably, the main valve is provided with an automatic drainage device, the valve provided on the water outlet branch is an automatic valve, and the automatic valve is provided with an automatic drainage device.

[0044] As an implementable method, the ecological rice farming is rice-duck ecological farming, rice-fish ecological farming or rice-loach ecological farming.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] The present invention discloses a method and application for the intelligent combination of container fish farming and rice field ecological farming. The present invention uses pipes to connect one container fish farming facility with n rice fields respectively, and uses valves to control the aquaculture tail water to irrigate the n rice fields on demand through drainage pipes in a time-sharing manner. Rice-duck farming, rice-fish farming, or rice-loach farming are also carried out in the n rice fields at the same time. The method of the present invention not only fully coordinates the discharge volume of container aquaculture tail water with the water holding capacity of the rice field ecological farming system, but also realizes the intelligent optimization of irrigation management of rice fields, effectively improves the utilization rate of nutrients and water resources, as well as the yield and quality of agricultural products in the farmland ecosystem. At the same time, the rice field ecosystem also plays a role in purifying water quality, effectively absorbing and fixing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the aquaculture tail water, and avoiding environmental pollution caused by the direct discharge of aquaculture tail water. Therefore, the combined system is an efficient, clean, and green rice field integrated farming model with high ecological value and socio-economic value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a container fish farming facility.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combined system of container farming and rice field ecological breeding.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined system of container aquaculture and rice field ecological farming.

[0050] 1- container fish farming facility, 111- water inlet, 112- air inlet, 113- skylight, 114- water quality monitor, 115- drain outlet, 116- fish outlet, 117- tailwater drain outlet, 118- tailwater drain pipe, 2- main drainage pipe, 3- outlet water branch pipe, 4- main valve, 5- automatic valve, 6- rice field (plot). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, which, however, are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods, and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods, and equipment in the art.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples were commercially available.

[0053] Example 1 A combined system of container farming and paddy rice planting

[0054] The combined system includes container fish farming facilities ( Figure 1 ), rice fields and drainage pipes, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0055] The 10 mu rice field is divided into four 2.5 mu (40.8 m × 40.8 m) plots (6). The four plots (6) are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence, and the width of the ridge between each two plots is 0.5 m.

[0056] A container fish farming facility (1) is set up around the rice field. The container fish farming facility (1) includes a water inlet (111), an air inlet (112), a drain outlet (115) and a fish outlet (116). The dimensions of the container are 6.058m (length) × 2.438m (width) × 2.896m (height). The capacity of the container fish farming facility (1) is 25m 3 The top of the box is provided with a skylight (113) for feeding feed and transmitting light, and a water quality monitor (114) is provided inside for real-time monitoring of water temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen to ensure the stability of the aquaculture water. The box is also provided with a tailwater outlet (117) and a tailwater drainage pipe (118), and an automatic valve (not shown in the figure) is provided on the tailwater drainage pipe (118).

[0057] The bottom of the container has a certain slope towards one end, with a slope of 5° to 10°. A fish outlet (116) for quickly collecting fish is provided on the side of the container, and a drainage outlet (115) is connected to a drainage main pipe (2). A main valve (4) is provided on the drainage main pipe (2), and the main valve (4) controls the discharge of aquaculture tail water (a mixture of water, aquatic feces and leftover bait). An automatic drainage device is provided on the main valve (4).

[0058] The drainage main pipe (2) is interconnected with the field (6) through the water outlet branch (3), and each water outlet branch (3) is provided with an automatic valve (5). The automatic valve (5) is provided with an automatic drainage device, and the automatic drainage device can regulate and discharge the aquaculture tail water in real time.

[0059] The container fish farming facility (1) has water inlet and outlet at the same time, and water exchange can be completed every 4 to 6 hours. After each water exchange, the aquaculture tail water discharged is about 25 tons, and the aquaculture tail water discharged per day is 100 to 150 tons.

[0060] The aquaculture tail water does not need to be treated in any way. The aquaculture tail water generated by the container fish farming facility (1) is introduced into the field for irrigation and aquaculture by controlling the automatic drainage device on the main valve (4) and the automatic valve (5).

[0061] The total daily water demand of the four plots is less than the amount of tailwater produced by one container fish farm in one day. A four-day rotation irrigation system will be adopted: the tailwater produced by one container fish farm in one day will only irrigate one plot. After the water reaches the maximum depth, the excess tailwater will be filtered through the plot and discharged. The remaining three plots will be irrigated on a daily basis.

[0062] The total daily water demand of the four plots is equal to the amount of tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day. The tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day is evenly irrigated to the four plots.

[0063] The total daily water demand of the four plots is higher than the amount of tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day. The tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day is evenly irrigated to the four plots, and the daily water demand of the four plots is supplemented at the same time.

[0064] When the four fields need to increase the flooding depth or rewater after draining, open the main valve on the drainage main and the valves on the water outlet branches connected to each field at the same time until the target water level is reached.

[0065] When the following conditions exist, part of the container aquaculture tailwater is directly discharged through the tailwater outlet (117) and the tailwater drain pipe (118):

[0066] During the rice greening period and early tillering stage, the tailwater discharge from container aquaculture is higher than the demand from rice fields;

[0067] Or in the later stages of rice growth, water requirements gradually decrease;

[0068] Or when there is heavy rainfall on rainy days, the rice fields can only accommodate part of the containers to discharge the aquaculture tail water.

[0069] When the following conditions exist, the tailwater from the container aquaculture is directly discharged through the tailwater outlet (117) and the tailwater pipe (118):

[0070] Draining and drying rice fields;

[0071] Or when there is heavy rainfall on rainy days, the rice fields cannot accommodate the containers that discharge aquaculture tail water.

[0072] The combined system can be set up in pairs, but they need to be 1m apart for the installation of drainage pipes.

[0073] Example 2 A method for treating container aquaculture tailwater using rice-fish farming technology

[0074] In the combined system described in Example 1, container fish farming and rice-fish farming technology are carried out simultaneously.

[0075] 1. Container fish farming

[0076] In early April, rainbow snapper fry were stocked in the container fish culture facility. Before stocking, water was poured into the container fish culture facility through the water inlet. After that, water was added and discharged simultaneously to maintain the water volume in the container at 25m3. 3 , water temperature is 20-30℃, pH is 6.0-8.0, dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water is higher than 6mg / L. 5,000 rainbow snapper fry are stocked in the container at a density of 200 per cubic meter. 3 (Stocking density = number of fry / water volume). Feed the fish twice daily through the skylight at the top of the tank, between 7:00 and 8:00 AM and 5:00 and 6:00 PM. Feed 2-5% of their body weight, ideally consumed within half an hour. Harvest in mid-October.

[0077] 2. Rice-fish farming technology

[0078] A cross-shaped fish ditch was dug in each of the four plots. The ditch was 40.8 meters long, 2 meters wide, and 0.8 meters deep. The overlapping area between the two ditches was set up as a 1.2-meter-deep fish pit. The ridges of the plots were pre-raised and reinforced to a height and width of 0.5 meters. Fish fences were installed at the inlet and outlet to prevent fish from escaping and prevent the entry of other fish.

[0079] Raise rice seedlings in the early season and plow and level the paddy fields. Transplant rice seedlings in the paddy fields with a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm and a planting density of 15,054 plants per mu. Stock fish fry in the fish trenches at the late tillering stage, at a stocking density of 500 fish per mu (stocking density = number of fry / paddy area).

[0080] During the rice-fish farming period, conventional fish feed feeding management is carried out, and the tail water from the container fish farming facilities is used to provide nutrients for the rice. In addition, 15.6-17.8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8-9.12 kg of phosphorus fertilizer need to be added per mu of rice field.

[0081] Rice and fish are harvested after the rice matures, and late season rice planting and fish farming are carried out as described above.

[0082] 3. Container tailwater discharge

[0083] After the rainbow bream is cultured in a container, the water should be changed every 4 to 6 hours. When the water temperature is too high or there is a thunderstorm, the water change rate should be increased appropriately.

[0084] 4. Water requirements for rice-fish farming

[0085] During the rice greening period, the field surface should be kept at 4 to 6 cm of water;

[0086] From the time when rice turns green to the effective tillering stage, the field surface should be kept at 1-2 cm of water;

[0087] At the late stage of rice tillering, the field can be drained and sun-dried for 2 to 3 days;

[0088] In the middle and late stages of rice growth, the water level on the field surface is maintained at 15-25 cm;

[0089] Drain and dry the fields 7 days before rice matures.

[0090] When draining and drying rice fields, maintain the water levels of fish ditches and fish ponds at no less than 30cm and 50cm respectively.

[0091] Irrigation water for the paddy fields is initially provided by wastewater from containerized aquaculture operations. If this wastewater is insufficient to meet the paddy field's water needs, additional irrigation water is used to supplement the water. When the amount of wastewater discharged from the containerized aquaculture operations exceeds the paddy field's water needs, the paddy field's drainage valve is opened to promptly drain the excess water. When the paddy fields are drained and dried, the wastewater from the containerized aquaculture operations is directly discharged into a nearby ditch.

[0092] Example 3: A method for treating container aquaculture tailwater using rice-duck farming technology

[0093] In the combined system described in Example 1, container fish farming and rice-duck farming technology are carried out simultaneously.

[0094] 1. Container fish farming

[0095] In early April, rainbow snapper fry were stocked in the container fish culture facility. Before stocking, water was poured into the container fish culture facility through the water inlet. After that, water was added and discharged simultaneously to maintain the water volume in the container at 25m3. 3, water temperature is 20-30℃, pH is 6.0-8.0, and dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water is higher than 6mg / L. 5,000 rainbow snapper fry are stocked in a container at a density of 200 per cubic meter. 3 (Stocking density = number of fry / water volume). Feed the fish twice daily through the skylight at the top of the tank, between 7:00 and 8:00 AM and 5:00 and 6:00 PM. Feed 2-5% of their body weight, ideally consumed within half an hour. Harvest in mid-October.

[0096] 2. Rice-Duck Farming Technology

[0097] Before transplanting rice, build a simple duck shed 4 meters long, 1 meter wide, and 1 meter high next to the paddy field for the ducks to roost. Cover the ground with rice husks and crushed straw as bedding and keep it dry. Nylon mesh is used to enclose the paddy field to prevent the ducks from escaping.

[0098] Early season rice seedlings are raised and the paddies are plowed and leveled. Rice seedlings are transplanted into the paddies, with a row spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm and a planting density of 16,606 plants per mu. Approximately 14 days after transplanting the rice seedlings, the first batch of ducklings, 20 to 25 days old and weighing approximately 150 to 200 grams, is released at a density of 25 ducklings per mu. Approximately 50 days after transplanting the rice seedlings, the second batch of ducklings, 20 to 25 days old and weighing approximately 150 to 200 grams, is released at a density of 25 ducklings per mu.

[0099] The first batch of ducks are harvested after the rice has grown to the filling stage, and the ducks are taken back from the fields to prevent them from pecking at the rice ears and causing losses in rice yields. The second batch of ducks are harvested 7 days before the rice matures.

[0100] During rice-duck farming, wastewater from containerized fish farming facilities provides nutrients for the rice. Additionally, 15.6-17.8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8-9.12 kg of phosphorus fertilizer are added per mu of rice field. Following the principle of "feed half full in the morning and fully fed in the evening," the ducklings are fed once in the morning and once in the evening. Thereafter, only a small amount of supplementary feed is added each morning to promote fattening.

[0101] Late season rice planting and duck farming were carried out as described above.

[0102] 3. Container tailwater discharge

[0103] After the rainbow bream is cultured in a container, the water should be changed every 4 to 6 hours. When the water temperature is too high or there is a thunderstorm, the water change rate should be increased appropriately.

[0104] 4. Water requirements of rice fields in rice-duck farming

[0105] During the rice greening period, the field surface should be kept at 4 to 6 cm of water;

[0106] From the time the rice turns green until the first batch of ducklings are released, the field surface should be kept 1-2 cm wet.

[0107] From the time the first batch of ducklings are released until 7 days before the rice matures, the water level in the field should be maintained at 5-10 cm.

[0108] Drain and dry the fields 7 days before rice matures.

[0109] Irrigation water for the paddy fields is initially provided by wastewater from containerized aquaculture operations. If this wastewater is insufficient to meet the paddy field's water needs, additional irrigation water is used to supplement the water. When the amount of wastewater discharged from the containerized aquaculture operations exceeds the paddy field's water needs, the paddy field's drainage valve is opened to promptly drain the excess water. When the paddy fields are drained and dried, the wastewater from the containerized aquaculture operations is directly discharged into a nearby ditch.

[0110] Example 4: A method for treating container aquaculture tailwater using rice-loach co-cultivation technology

[0111] In the combined system described in Example 1, container fish farming and rice-loach farming technology are carried out simultaneously.

[0112] 1. Container fish farming

[0113] In early April, rainbow snapper fry were stocked in the container fish culture facility. Before stocking, water was poured into the container fish culture facility through the water inlet. After that, water was added and discharged simultaneously to maintain the water volume in the container at 25m3. 3 , water temperature is 20-30℃, pH is 6.0-8.0, and dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water is higher than 6mg / L. 5,000 rainbow snapper fry are stocked in a container at a density of 200 per cubic meter. 3 (Stocking density = number of fry / water volume). Feed the fish twice daily through the skylight at the top of the tank, between 7:00 and 8:00 AM and 5:00 and 6:00 PM. Feed 2-5% of their body weight, ideally consumed within half an hour. Harvest in mid-October.

[0114] 2. Rice-loach farming technology

[0115] A cross-shaped fish ditch was dug in each of the four plots. The ditch was 40.8 meters long, 2 meters wide, and 0.8 meters deep. The overlapping area between the two ditches was set up as a 1.2-meter-deep fish pit. The ridges of the plots were pre-raised and reinforced to a height and width of 0.5 meters. Fish fences were installed at the inlet and outlet to prevent fish from escaping and prevent the entry of other fish.

[0116] Early season rice seedlings are raised and the paddies are plowed and leveled. Rice seedlings are transplanted into the paddies, with a row spacing of 25 cm x 20 cm and a planting density of 15,054 plants per mu. After the transplanted seedlings have returned to green, the fish ditch is disinfected, feeding frames are set up, and loach fry are stocked at a density of 7,000 per mu.

[0117] During rice-loach farming, the tailwater from the containerized fish farming facilities provides nutrients for the rice. Additionally, 15.6-17.8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8-9.12 kg of phosphorus fertilizer are added per mu of rice field. Conventional feed management and pest control are also implemented for the loaches.

[0118] Rice and loaches are harvested after the rice matures, and the late season rice planting and loach farming methods are carried out as described above.

[0119] 3. Container tailwater discharge

[0120] After the rainbow bream is cultured in a container, the water should be changed every 4 to 6 hours. When the water temperature is too high or there is a thunderstorm, the water change rate should be increased appropriately.

[0121] 4. Water requirements for rice-loach farming

[0122] During the rice greening period, the field surface should be kept at 4 to 6 cm of water;

[0123] From the time when rice turns green to the effective tillering stage, the field surface should be kept at 1-2 cm of water;

[0124] At the late stage of rice tillering, the field can be drained and sun-dried for 2 to 3 days;

[0125] In the middle and late stages of rice growth, the water level on the field surface is maintained at 15-20 cm;

[0126] Drain and dry the fields 7 days before rice matures.

[0127] When draining and drying rice fields, the water levels in the fish ditch and fish pond should be maintained at no less than 30cm and 50cm respectively.

[0128] Irrigation water for the paddy fields is initially provided by wastewater from containerized aquaculture operations. If this wastewater is insufficient to meet the paddy field's water needs, additional irrigation water is used to supplement the water. When the amount of wastewater discharged from the containerized aquaculture operations exceeds the paddy field's water needs, the paddy field's drainage valve is opened to promptly drain the excess water. When the paddy fields are drained and dried, the wastewater from the containerized aquaculture operations is directly discharged into a nearby ditch.

[0129] Comparative Example 1

[0130] In the combined system described in Example 1, fish farming and rice planting in containers are carried out simultaneously.

[0131] 1. Container fish farming

[0132] In early April, rainbow snapper fry were stocked in the container fish culture facility. Before stocking, water was poured into the container fish culture facility through the water inlet. After that, water was added and discharged simultaneously to maintain the water volume in the container at 25m3. 3, water temperature is 20-30℃, pH is 6.0-8.0, and dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water is higher than 6mg / L. 5,000 rainbow snapper fry are stocked in a container at a density of 200 per cubic meter. 3 (Stocking density = number of fry / water volume). Feed the fish twice daily through the skylight at the top of the tank, between 7:00 and 8:00 AM and 5:00 and 6:00 PM. Feed 2-5% of their body weight, ideally consumed within half an hour. Harvest in mid-October.

[0133] 2. Planting rice

[0134] Early season rice seedlings were raised and the paddy fields were plowed and leveled. Rice seedlings were transplanted into the paddy fields with a row spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm and a planting density of 16,675 plants per mu.

[0135] During the rice planting period, the tail water from the container fish farming facilities is used to provide nutrients for the rice. In addition, 15.6 to 17.8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 8 to 9.12 kg of phosphorus fertilizer are required per mu of rice field.

[0136] The rice is harvested after it matures and the late season rice planting method is carried out as described above.

[0137] 3. Container tailwater discharge

[0138] After the rainbow bream is cultured in a container, the water should be changed every 4 to 6 hours. When the water temperature is too high or there is a thunderstorm, the water change rate should be increased appropriately.

[0139] 4. Water requirement of rice fields

[0140] From the time rice is transplanted to the effective tillering stage, the field surface should be kept watered at 1 to 2 cm.

[0141] Drain and sun-dry the fields from the late tillering stage to the early panicle differentiation stage.

[0142] From the stage of rice panicle differentiation to the stage of heading, the field surface should be kept water-tight at 0-1 cm;

[0143] From the rice heading stage to the grain filling stage, the field surface should be kept water 2-4 cm;

[0144] Irrigate with "racing water" 7 days before rice matures.

[0145] Irrigation water for the paddy fields is initially provided by wastewater from containerized aquaculture operations. If this wastewater is insufficient to meet the paddy field's water needs, additional irrigation water is used to supplement the water. When the amount of wastewater discharged from the containerized aquaculture operations exceeds the paddy field's water needs, the paddy field's drainage valve is opened to promptly drain the excess water. When the paddy fields are drained and dried, the wastewater from the containerized aquaculture operations is directly discharged into a nearby ditch.

[0146] Comparative Example 2

[0147] The process is carried out in accordance with Comparative Example 1, except that conventional irrigation methods are used for the rice fields instead of container aquaculture tail water.

[0148] Comparative Example 3

[0149] The rice-fish farming system was carried out according to Example 2, except that the rice fields were irrigated using conventional irrigation methods instead of using tailwater from the containerized aquaculture system. During the rice planting period, conventional rice-fish farming water and fertilizer management methods were implemented.

[0150] Comparative Example 4

[0151] The rice-duck farming system was carried out according to Example 3, except that the rice fields were irrigated using conventional irrigation methods instead of using tail water from the containerized aquaculture system. During the rice planting period, conventional rice-duck farming water and fertilizer management methods were implemented.

[0152] Comparative Example 5

[0153] The rice-loach co-cultivation was carried out according to Example 4, except that the rice fields were irrigated using conventional irrigation methods instead of container aquaculture tailwater. During the rice planting period, conventional rice-loach co-cultivation water and fertilizer management methods were implemented.

[0154] Example 5: Determination of primary agricultural product yield, water consumption, and feed input

[0155] 1. Rice-Fish Farming

[0156] 1. Experimental Methods

[0157] The yield of primary agricultural products obtained in Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was tested, and the water consumption was counted.

[0158] Rice yield: When the rice is mature, three 1m 2 The yield was measured by harvesting (1m×1m) sample plots, removing impurities and drying them in the sun, and weighing them for yield measurement. The actual yield was converted according to the harvested rice area of the paddy field.

[0159] Fish production in rice fields: After rice harvest, fish in the rice fields are harvested, counted and weighed, and the fish production is converted according to the area of rice fields.

[0160] Amount of fish feed input in rice fields: record the feeding situation from the first to the last time, and convert the amount of fish feed input according to the area of rice fields.

[0161] Fish production in containers: The fish in the containers were harvested, counted and weighed, and the fish production was calculated based on the volume of the container.

[0162] Water consumption: The water consumption of container fish farming facilities and the additional irrigation water consumption of rice fields are recorded daily. The additional irrigation water consumption of rice fields is converted into the water consumption per unit area of rice fields based on the area of rice fields, and the water consumption of container fish farming facilities is converted into the water consumption per unit volume of container fish farming facilities based on the unit volume.

[0163] 2. Experimental Results

[0164] The yields of primary agricultural products for each experimental group are shown in Table 1. Compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 2 reduced the total double-crop rice yield by 2.33%, but increased the field fish yield by 239.37 kg / mu. Compared with Comparative Example 3, Example 2 not only increased the total double-crop rice yield by 5.58%, but also increased the field fish yield by 10.53%. The container fish yields were similar among the experimental groups, with no significant differences.

[0165] Table 1 Output of primary agricultural products

[0166]

[0167] The statistical results of water consumption are shown in Table 2. The use of tail water from container aquaculture to irrigate rice fields significantly reduced the water consumption of rice fields. Compared with Comparative Example 3, the total water consumption of rice fields in Example 2 was reduced by 1662 m 3 The water consumption of containers was similar among the experimental groups, with no significant difference.

[0168] Table 2 Water consumption

[0169]

[0170] The amount of fish feed input in the rice field is shown in Table 3. Compared with Comparative Example 3, Example 2 reduced the amount of fish feed input by 4.32% to 6.85%.

[0171] Table 3 Input amount of fish feed in rice fields

[0172]

[0173] In summary, the use of container aquaculture tail water to irrigate the rice-fish ecological breeding system can not only effectively ensure the rice yield, but also increase the fish yield, while also reducing water consumption and total feed input, achieving efficient use of water resources, and is an ecological and green agricultural production model.

[0174] 2. Rice-Duck Farming

[0175] 1. Experimental Methods

[0176] The yields of primary agricultural products obtained in Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 were tested, and the water consumption was counted.

[0177] Rice yield: When the rice is mature, three 1m 2 The yield was measured by harvesting (1m×1m) sample plots, removing impurities and drying them, and weighing them for yield measurement. The actual yield was converted according to the harvested rice area of the paddy field.

[0178] Duck production in rice fields: 5 ducks were selected and weighed from each plot when the first and second batches of ducks were harvested, and the duck production was calculated according to the stocking density of ducks in rice fields.

[0179] Feed input for ducks in rice fields: record the feeding situation from the first to the last time, and convert the feed input amount according to the area of rice fields.

[0180] Fish production in containers: The fish in the containers were harvested, counted and weighed, and the fish production was calculated based on the volume of the container.

[0181] Water consumption: The water consumption of container fish farming facilities and the additional irrigation water consumption of rice fields are recorded daily. The additional irrigation water consumption of rice fields is converted into the water consumption per unit area of rice fields based on the area of rice fields, and the water consumption of container fish farming facilities is converted into the water consumption per unit volume of container fish farming facilities based on the unit volume.

[0182] 2. Experimental Results

[0183] The yields of primary agricultural products for each experimental group are shown in Table 4. Compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 3 increased the total double-crop rice yield by 5.30% and the duck yield by 95.39 kg / mu. Compared with Comparative Example 4, Example 3 not only increased the total double-crop rice yield by 2.33%, but also increased the duck yield by 4.48%. Container fish yields were similar among the experimental groups, with no significant differences.

[0184] Table 4 Output of primary agricultural products

[0185]

[0186] The amount of duck feed input in each experimental group is shown in Table 5. Compared with Comparative Example 4, Example 3 reduced the amount of duck feed input by 3.45% to 3.78%.

[0187] Table 5 Feed input for ducks in rice fields

[0188]

[0189] The statistical results of water consumption of each experimental group are shown in Table 6. The use of tail water from container aquaculture to irrigate rice fields significantly reduced the water consumption of rice fields. Compared with the comparative example 4, the total water consumption of rice fields in Example 3 was reduced by 1239m 3 The water consumption of containers was similar among the experimental groups, with no significant difference.

[0190] Table 6 Water consumption

[0191]

[0192] In summary, the use of container aquaculture tail water to irrigate the rice-duck ecological breeding system can not only effectively promote rice production, but also increase duck production, while also reducing water consumption and feed input in rice fields, achieving efficient utilization of water and nutrient resources, and is an ecological and green agricultural production model.

[0193] 3. Rice and loach farming

[0194] 1. Experimental Methods

[0195] The yields of primary agricultural products obtained in Example 4, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 were tested, and the water consumption was counted.

[0196] Rice yield: When the rice is mature, three 1m 2 The yield was measured by harvesting (1m×1m) sample plots, removing impurities and drying them in the sun, and weighing them for yield measurement. The actual yield was converted according to the harvested rice area of the paddy field.

[0197] The yield of loaches in rice fields: After the rice is harvested, the loaches in the rice fields are harvested, counted and weighed, and the yield of loaches is converted according to the area of the rice field breeding ditch.

[0198] Amount of loach feed input in rice fields: record the feeding situation from the first to the last time, and convert the amount of loach feed input according to the area of rice fields.

[0199] Fish production in containers: The fish in the containers were harvested, counted and weighed, and the fish production was calculated based on the volume of the container.

[0200] Water consumption: The water consumption of container fish farming facilities and the additional irrigation water consumption of rice fields are recorded daily. The additional irrigation water consumption of rice fields is converted into the water consumption per unit area of rice fields based on the area of rice fields, and the water consumption of container fish farming facilities is converted into the water consumption per unit volume of container fish farming facilities based on the unit volume.

[0201] 2. Experimental Results

[0202] The yields of primary agricultural products for each experimental group are shown in Table 7. Compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 4 reduced the total double-crop rice yield by 1.87%, but increased loach yield by 508.06 kg / mu. Compared with Comparative Example 5, Example 4 not only increased the total double-crop rice yield by 7.28%, but also increased loach yield by 7.59%. Container fish yields were similar among the experimental groups, with no significant differences.

[0203] Table 7 Output of primary agricultural products

[0204]

[0205] The statistical results of water consumption of each experimental group are shown in Table 8. The use of tail water from container aquaculture to irrigate rice fields significantly reduced the water consumption of rice fields. Compared with Comparative Example 5, the total water consumption of rice fields in Example 4 was reduced by 1599m 3 The water consumption of containers was similar among the experimental groups, with no significant difference.

[0206] Table 8 Water consumption

[0207]

[0208]

[0209] The amount of loach feed input in the paddy fields of each experimental group is shown in Table 9. Compared with Comparative Example 5, Example 4 reduced the amount of loach feed input by 3.83% to 5.18%.

[0210] Table 9 Input amount of loach feed in rice fields

[0211]

[0212] In summary, the use of container aquaculture tail water to irrigate the rice loach ecological breeding system can not only effectively ensure the yield of rice, but also increase the yield of loach, while also reducing the water consumption and feed input in rice fields, realizing the efficient use of water and nutrient resources, and is an efficient and green agricultural production model.

[0213] Example 6 Effect of the number of plots on the yield of primary agricultural products and water consumption in rice fields

[0214] 1. Experimental Methods

[0215] The container aquaculture tail water was treated according to the methods of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1, except that the area of the field was set to 2.5 mu, and the number of field plots (n) was set to 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

[0216] The primary agricultural product yield and water consumption in the rice fields of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 were measured according to the method of Example 5.

[0217] 2. Experimental Results

[0218] The results of primary agricultural product yields in the rice fields of each experimental group are shown in Table 10. The results show that the total yield of double-cropping rice and the total yield of fish, ducks, or loaches in the rice fields in the combined cropping system with 1 to 4 plots were slightly higher than those in the combined cropping system with 5 to 6 plots.

[0219] Table 10 Output of primary agricultural products in rice fields

[0220]

[0221]

[0222] The water consumption of the paddy fields in each experimental group is shown in Table 11. The results show that, under the condition of the same total area of container aquaculture tailwater irrigation, the water resource utilization rate is related to the number of plots irrigated by one container aquaculture tailwater, and the total water demand of double-season rice paddies decreases with the increase in the number of plots, indicating that the time-sharing and demand-based paddy field irrigation method is conducive to improving water resource utilization.

[0223] Table 11 Water consumption in rice fields

[0224]

[0225] In summary, considering the comprehensive water resource utilization rate and the yield of primary agricultural products in rice fields, the combined system with 4 irrigation plots can help achieve efficient utilization of water and nutrient resources.

[0226] Example 7 Effect of the ratio of container water volume to paddy field area on the yield of primary agricultural products in paddy fields

[0227] 1. Experimental Methods

[0228] The container aquaculture tail water was treated according to the methods of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1, except that the ratio of the container water volume to the total area of the rice field (the sum of the areas of the four plots) in the combined system was 25m 3 : 4 mu, 25m 3 : 6 mu, 25m 3 : 10 mu, 25m 3 : 12 mu and 25 m 3 : 15 acres.

[0229] The yield of primary agricultural products in the rice fields of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 was measured according to the method of Example 5.

[0230] 2. Experimental Results

[0231] The results of the experimental groups with different ratios of container water volume to total paddy field area are shown in Table 12. The results show that the ratio of container water volume to total paddy field area in the combined system is 25m 3 When the yield of double-season rice is 4-10 mu, the total yield of double-season rice is similar to the total yield of fish, duck or loach in the rice field, and both are higher than that of double-season rice with a ratio of 25m 3 :(12~15) mu combined system. Under the condition of the same container drainage volume, the smaller the field area, the lower the water demand and net water volume of the rice field, and thus the water resource and nutrient utilization rate will also be reduced. Therefore, 25m 3 : The ratio of the volume of container water in 10 mu to the total area of rice fields is better.

[0232] Table 12 Yield of primary agricultural products in rice fields

[0233]

[0234] Example 8 Effect of Fish Stocking Density in Containers on Primary Agricultural Product Yield

[0235] 1. Experimental Methods

[0236] The container aquaculture tail water was treated according to the methods of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 1, except that the aquaculture density of rainbow snapper fry in the container was set to 150 tails / m 3 、180 tails / m 3 200 tails / m 3 、220 tails / m 3 250 tails / m 3 (Stocking density = number of fry / water volume) The yield of primary agricultural products in the rice fields was measured according to the method of Example 5.

[0237] 2. Experimental Results

[0238] The yield of primary agricultural products in rice fields under different container fish culture densities is shown in Table 12. The results show that the stocking density of rainbow snapper fry in containers is 200 to 250 fish / m 3 The total yield of double-season rice and the total yield of fish, ducks or loaches in the rice fields are higher than those in the combined system with a stocking density of 150 to 180 fish / m 3 The higher the density of fish in the container, the higher the frequency of water changes in the container will be to ensure the health of the aquaculture water environment, which will increase the amount of tail water discharged from the container aquaculture, resulting in low utilization of water resources and nutrients. 3 The containerized rainbow snapper fry stocking density is better.

[0239] Table 12 Yield of primary agricultural products in rice fields

[0240]

[0241]

[0242] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for intelligently combining container fish farming with rice field ecological farming, characterized in that: It comprises a container fish farming facility and n rice fields, where n is 2 to 6; The container fish farming facility is provided with a drainage main pipe, and the drainage main pipe is provided with a main valve; The outlet end of the drainage main is connected to the n rice fields through a corresponding number of water outlet branches; The water outlet branch pipes are all provided with valves.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The n=4, and the area of the rice fields is 2 to 2.5 mu / block.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The water volume of the container fish farming facility is 20 to 25 m 3 .

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The n=4, 4 rice fields are arranged adjacent to each other in sequence to form a rice field unit, and the container fish farming facility is arranged around the rice field unit; Or the four rice fields are arranged in a cross shape, and the container fish farming facility is arranged at the center of the cross formed by the four rice fields; Or the four rice fields are arranged in a cross shape to form a rice field unit, and the container fish farming facility is arranged around the rice field unit.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The main valve is provided with an automatic drainage device, the valve provided on the water outlet branch is an automatic valve, and the automatic valve is provided with an automatic drainage device.

6. A method for intelligently combining containerized fish farming with rice field ecological farming using the system of claim 1, characterized in that: The rice fields in the system are irrigated by controlling the main valve on the drainage main pipe and the valves on the water outlet branch: The total daily water demand of n rice paddies is less than the amount of tailwater produced by one container fish farm in one day. A rotation irrigation system with an n-day cycle will be adopted: the tailwater produced by one container fish farm in one day will only irrigate one rice paddy. After the water reaches the maximum depth, the excess tailwater will be filtered through the rice paddy and discharged. The remaining n-1 rice paddies will be irrigated on a daily basis. The total daily water demand of n rice fields is equal to or higher than the amount of tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day. The tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day is evenly used to irrigate each rice field. When n rice fields need to be flooded more deeply or rewatered after being drained, the main valve on the drainage main pipe and the valves on the water outlet branches connected to each rice field are opened simultaneously until the target water level is reached.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The total daily water demand of n rice fields is lower than the amount of tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day. The rice fields that have reached the maximum irrigation depth are still draining water. The total daily water demand of n rice fields is higher than the amount of aquaculture tailwater produced by one container fish farming facility in one day, and each rice field supplements the daily water demand at the same time.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The ratio of the area of each rice field to the water volume of the container fish farming facility is (1.3-10) mu: (20-25) m 3 .

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The fish farming density in the container fish farming facility is 200 to 250 fish / m 3 .

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The ecological rice farming is rice-duck ecological farming, rice-fish ecological farming or rice-loach ecological farming.

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