A BIM-based prefabricated ecological slope protection

Abstract

This invention discloses a BIM-based prefabricated ecological slope protection system, relating to the field of slope protection technology. It includes a slope protection unit composed of slope protection blocks and adjustable connecting components; the slope protection blocks have a block structure with plant growth chambers and permeable channels; a BIM platform located within a monitoring station optimizes the slope protection structure through 3D modeling and finite element analysis; and stress and humidity sensors connected to an IoT base station and installed within the slope protection unit. The IoT base station connects to the monitoring station and links with the BIM platform to monitor the structural health and ecological restoration effects of the prefabricated ecological slope protection system during its operational cycle. This invention balances the structural stability and ecological restoration function of the slope protection system, enhancing the integration of slope protection structure and ecological restoration. Standardized assembly improves the construction efficiency of the slope protection unit, giving the prefabricated ecological slope protection system good terrain adaptability and intelligent management capabilities, making it suitable for green slope protection construction and ecological restoration projects in complex terrains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection technology, and in particular to a BIM-based prefabricated ecological slope protection system. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional slope protection techniques primarily rely on rigid structures, such as masonry and concrete revetments. While these ensure slope stability, they hinder soil and water exchange and ecological cycles, damage the natural vegetation environment, and fail to meet ecological restoration needs. In recent years, ecological slope protection technologies have gradually emerged, typically employing vegetated concrete, gabion revetments, and permeable block structures. Existing technologies propose combining prefabricated ecological slope protection with permeable concrete blocks to balance structural stability and plant growth space; however, these designs rely on traditional construction methods, limiting construction precision and efficiency.

[0003] Furthermore, vegetation concrete technology is mostly focused on silicate cement processes and water conservancy project repair, but it still has shortcomings in the standardization of prefabricated components, integration with BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology, and adaptability to complex terrain. Existing technologies propose using bio-grid panels and planting grid structures to form integrated ecological slope protection, but these have not been validated through prefabrication using digital modeling technology. On-site construction results in insufficient compatibility between component dimensions and the site, excessive adjustments during installation, and low construction efficiency.

[0004] BIM technology has been integrated into the construction industry for 3D modeling, stress analysis, and construction simulation. While existing technologies in prefabricated riverbank revetments utilize BIM to optimize the connection methods of frame components and improve concrete load-bearing efficiency, their ecological function design is weak, failing to reserve space for plant growth.

[0005] The current key technical bottleneck of prefabricated slope protection is that the standardization of prefabricated components is low, on-site adaptation relies on manual adjustment, and construction efficiency is low.

[0006] The ecological structure and mechanical properties are difficult to balance, such as the contradiction between the porosity and bearing capacity of permeable blocks;

[0007] Existing BIM models lack sufficient collaboration with construction and lack multi-objective optimization for slope protection unit stress, permeability, and plant growth;

[0008] BIM applications are mostly concentrated in the design phase and have not been combined with IoT and sensor technologies, making it difficult to monitor the slope protection structure and ecological restoration effects after the ecological slope protection construction is put into use.

[0009] In summary, the existing technology has at least the following technical problems:

[0010] Existing ecological slope protection systems suffer from several problems, including low integration of structural stability and ecological restoration, low standardization leading to low construction efficiency, and a lack of technical expertise to monitor the slope protection structure and ecological restoration effects throughout the entire lifecycle. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a BIM-based prefabricated ecological slope protection system to solve the technical problems of existing ecological slope protection systems, such as low structural stability and integration with ecological restoration, low standardization leading to low construction efficiency, and lack of full-cycle monitoring of slope protection structure and ecological restoration effects.

[0012] The preferred technical solutions among the many technical solutions provided by this invention can produce a variety of technical effects, which are described in detail below.

[0013] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0014] This invention provides a BIM-based prefabricated ecological slope protection system, comprising a slope protection unit: multiple slope protection blocks made of a mixed material ratio and connecting components, wherein the connection distance between the connecting components and the slope protection blocks is adjustable; the slope protection blocks are hexagonal, rectangular, or honeycomb-shaped, and are provided with plant growth cavities and permeable channels; and a BIM platform installed in a monitoring station, wherein the BIM platform contains a three-dimensional slope protection model built on the BIM platform, and the three-dimensional slope protection model generates the slope protection structure through analysis of geological parameters, hydraulic load parameters, and ecological restoration target parameters; the slope protection structure is optimized by performing finite element analysis on the slope protection structure to optimize the size of the slope protection unit, the stress of the connecting nodes, and the permeability; the connecting components include components pre-embedded on the side of the slope protection unit. The slope protection structure includes pre-embedded interface blocks, bolts, and rubber buffer pads; installation positioning codes for the connection nodes between the slope protection blocks are generated using the 3D model of the slope protection structure on the BIM platform, which are used for rapid positioning and connection of the slope protection blocks during construction, thereby quickly installing and forming the slope protection unit; an ecological layer: the plant growth cavity is filled from the inside out with graded crushed stone, bio-composite permeable material, and vegetation root fixing modules; and an interconnected monitoring module: a stress sensor, a humidity sensor, and an IoT base station connected to the monitoring station via wired or wireless means are embedded in the slope protection unit. The stress sensor and the humidity sensor are connected to the IoT base station, and the IoT base station is linked with the BIM platform to achieve real-time feedback on the health status of the slope protection structure.

[0015] In one embodiment, the slope protection block has a thickness of 70-90mm, a permeable channel diameter of 10-20mm, and a porosity of ≥25%.

[0016] In one embodiment, the plant growth cavity is located at the center of the slope protection block, and the shape of the plant growth cavity follows the outer contour of the slope protection block; the plant growth cavity penetrates two opposite sides of the slope protection block in the thickness direction; the permeable channels are evenly arranged around the plant growth cavity.

[0017] In one embodiment, the mixed material comprises a coagulant, aggregate, and permeable reinforcing material in a mass ratio of 1:7:2. The coagulant includes silicate cement and fly ash, with the silicate cement accounting for 70% of the coagulant by mass. The aggregate comprises manufactured sand and multi-stage crushed stone, with the manufactured sand having a particle size range of 0.075-4.75 mm and the multi-stage crushed stone having a particle size range of 4.75-26.5 mm. The aggregate gradation is optimized using an aggregate gradation model constructed using the Dinger-Funk equation, resulting in a distribution modulus of q = 0.35 and a porosity ≤ 35%. The permeable reinforcing material comprises biochar-permeable composite material and fiber material. The biochar-permeable composite material is composed of biochar, coarse sand, and binder mixed in a 3:5:2 ratio by mass, with a porosity ≥ 25% and a permeability ≥ 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. -2 cm / s.

[0018] In one embodiment, the fiber material comprises polypropylene fiber or steel fiber, wherein the polypropylene fiber accounts for 0.5-1% by mass of the permeable reinforcing material, and the steel fiber accounts for 3.5-5% by mass of the permeable reinforcing material.

[0019] In one embodiment, the BIM platform uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm combined with the 3D model of the slope protection unit to correlate the anti-sliding safety factor, permeability, and vegetation coverage of the slope protection unit, generating a model that satisfies the requirements of an anti-sliding safety factor K ≥ 1.5 and a permeability ≥ 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. -2 Modular slope protection structure with a speed of cm / s.

[0020] In one embodiment, the connecting end of the pre-embedded interface block has a beveled end face, the rubber buffer pad has a Shore hardness of 60-70HA, and the bolt is a stainless steel bolt; during connection, the beveled end faces of the two pre-embedded interface blocks match, the rubber buffer pad is sandwiched between the beveled end faces of the two pre-embedded interface blocks, and the bolt passes through the beveled end faces of the two pre-embedded interface blocks to lock the two pre-embedded interface blocks.

[0021] In one embodiment, the graded crushed stone has a filling thickness of 30-40 mm in the plant growth cavity; the bio-composite permeable material has a filling thickness of 40-50 mm in the plant growth cavity; the bio-composite permeable material is made by mixing biochar, pine bark chips or turf chips, and soil in a mass ratio of 3:5:2; the plant root fixing module is a biodegradable PLA grid or lawn block.

[0022] In one embodiment, the IoT base station communicates with the BIM platform of the monitoring station using a LoRa wireless transmission protocol, and the data update frequency of the IoT base station to the BIM platform is ≤10 minutes / time.

[0023] In one embodiment, the stress sensor is installed in the permeable channel, and the humidity sensor is installed on the side of the slope protection unit facing the slope.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] The present invention provides a BIM-based prefabricated ecological slope protection system, which has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) Enhance structural stability and integrate ecological restoration: By setting plant growth cavities and permeable channels in the slope protection blocks, the structural bearing capacity and ecological function are taken into account. This ensures slope stability during rainy seasons and provides a good soil-water environment for plant growth, thus achieving the coordinated unity of engineering structure and natural ecology.

[0027] (2) Achieve standardization and prefabricated construction of slope protection components: Modular design of slope protection blocks and connecting components is adopted. Combined with the three-dimensional model of slope protection on the BIM platform, installation positioning codes are generated for the connection nodes between slope protection blocks. This enables rapid positioning, connection and installation of components on site, greatly improving construction efficiency, reducing the need for manual adjustment, and improving construction accuracy and standardization.

[0028] (3) Optimize the balance between structural mechanical performance and ecological performance: Based on the BIM model, perform multi-parameter input analysis, and optimize the size, stress nodes and permeability of the slope protection unit through finite element analysis to achieve multi-objective coordination between structural mechanical performance and ecological restoration function.

[0029] (4) Realize intelligent monitoring and full life cycle management of slope protection structure: Through embedded stress sensors, humidity sensors and IoT base stations, real-time data on the operation status of slope protection is collected and linked with the BIM platform to realize continuous monitoring of the health and ecological restoration status of slope protection structure, providing a scientific basis for later maintenance and evaluation; and provide visualized data for slope stability monitoring during the rainy season, provide remote monitoring and remote early warning when the slope is about to experience a landslide or a landslide occurs, and can also promptly mobilize rescue forces to carry out emergency rescue on the roads or rivers involved in the slope after a geological disaster occurs, providing protection for the safety of the surrounding environment of the slope.

[0030] (5) Adapting to complex terrain and construction scenarios: Various slope protection block shapes and structures and the connecting components can adjust the connection distance with the slope protection blocks. By selecting different shapes of slope protection blocks and adjusting the connection distance between the slope protection blocks, the adaptability of the slope protection unit to the on-site terrain of the slope can be improved, and the flexibility and applicability of the prefabricated ecological slope protection construction and installation can be enhanced.

[0031] In summary, this invention breaks through the technical bottlenecks of existing ecological slope protection structures in terms of construction efficiency, standardization, integration of ecological restoration and intelligent monitoring, and provides an efficient, intelligent and sustainable technical solution for green infrastructure construction and ecological engineering practices. Attached Figure Description

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the implementation. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the slope protection blocks, pre-embedded interface blocks, and rubber buffer pads of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the slope protection blocks, pre-embedded interface blocks, bolts and rubber buffer pads of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the reinforcing bars and slope protection blocks of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slope protection block of the present invention.

[0037] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0038] 1. Slope protection unit;

[0039] 2. Slope protection blocks; 21. Permeable channels; 22. Plant growth chambers;

[0040] 3. Connecting components; 31. Embedded interface block; 311. Beveled end face; 32. Bolt; 33. Rubber buffer pad;

[0041] 4. Reinforcing bars;

[0042] 5. Stress sensor;

[0043] 6. Humidity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] This invention provides a BIM-based prefabricated ecological slope protection system. The system comprises slope protection units consisting of slope protection blocks and adjustable connecting components; block structures with plant growth chambers and permeable channels; a BIM platform located within a monitoring station, which optimizes the slope protection structure through 3D modeling and finite element analysis; and stress and humidity sensors connected to an IoT base station and installed within the slope protection units. The IoT base station connects to the monitoring station and links with the BIM platform to monitor the structural health and ecological restoration effects of the prefabricated ecological slope protection system throughout its operational cycle. This invention balances the structural stability and ecological restoration functions of the slope protection system, enhancing the integration of slope protection structure and ecological restoration. Standardized assembly improves the construction efficiency of the slope protection units, giving the prefabricated ecological slope protection system good terrain adaptability and intelligent management capabilities. It is suitable for green slope protection construction and ecological restoration projects in complex terrains. This invention effectively solves the technical problems of existing ecological slope protection systems, such as low structural stability and ecological restoration integration, low standardization leading to low construction efficiency, and a lack of full-cycle monitoring of slope protection structure and ecological restoration effects.

[0046] The first implementation of prefabricated ecological slope protection, for example Figures 1 to 4As shown, the system includes a slope protection unit 1: multiple slope protection blocks 2 made of a mixed material ratio and connecting components 3, the connection distance between the connecting components 3 and the slope protection blocks 2 is adjustable; the slope protection blocks 2 are hexagonal, rectangular or honeycomb in shape, and are provided with plant growth cavities 22 and permeable channels 21; and a BIM platform set in the monitoring station, which contains a three-dimensional slope protection model built on the BIM platform. The three-dimensional slope protection model generates the slope protection structure by analyzing geological parameters, hydraulic load parameters and ecological restoration target parameters; the slope protection structure is optimized by performing finite element analysis to optimize the size of the slope protection unit 1, the stress of the connection nodes and the permeability; the connecting components 3 include pre-embedded interface blocks 31 embedded in the side of the slope protection unit 1. Bolts 32 and rubber buffer pads 33; installation positioning codes for the connection nodes between the slope protection blocks 2 of the slope protection structure are generated through the 3D model of the slope protection on the BIM platform, which are used for the rapid positioning and connection of the slope protection blocks 2 during construction, thereby quickly installing and forming the slope protection unit 1; and ecological layer: the plant growth cavity 22 is filled from the inside to the outside with graded crushed stone, biological composite permeable material, and vegetation root fixing module; and interconnected monitoring module: stress sensor 5, humidity sensor 6, and IoT base station connected to the monitoring station in wired or wireless manner are embedded in the slope protection unit 1. The stress sensor 5 and humidity sensor 6 are connected to the IoT base station, and the IoT base station is linked with the BIM platform to realize real-time feedback of the health status of the slope protection structure.

[0047] Specifically, regarding the structure of the slope protection block 2, the thickness of the slope protection block 2 is 70-90mm, the diameter of the permeable channel 21 is 10-20mm, and the porosity is ≥25%.

[0048] Since the outer contour shape of the slope protection block 2 is hexagonal, rectangular or honeycomb, the shape of the plant growth cavity 22 follows the outer contour shape of the slope protection block 2; when the outer contour shape of the slope protection block 2 is honeycomb, its cross section should be arc-shaped, and the surface of the slope protection block 2 facing the slope should conform to the surface shape of the slope. The plant growth cavity 22 should also be arranged in multiple points in the honeycomb-shaped slope protection block 2, following the honeycomb outer contour.

[0049] When the outer contour of the slope protection block 2 is hexagonal, rectangular or honeycomb, and there is only one plant growth cavity 22, the plant growth cavity 22 should be located at the center of the slope protection block 2.

[0050] In addition, the plant growth cavity 22 penetrates the two opposite sides of the slope protection block 2 in the thickness direction; the permeable channels 21 are evenly arranged around the plant growth cavity 22.

[0051] When applied, the permeable channels 21 are arranged between the plant growth cavity 22 and the outer contour of the slope protection block 2, and are evenly distributed around the plant growth cavity 22.

[0052] The provided prefabricated ecological slope protection technical solution can solve the technical problems of existing ecological slope protection, such as low structural stability and integration with ecological restoration, low standardization leading to low construction efficiency, and lack of full-cycle monitoring of slope protection structure and ecological restoration effect. It has the following advantages:

[0053] Enhancing structural stability and integrating ecological restoration: By setting plant growth chambers 22 and permeable channels 21 in the slope protection blocks 2, both structural load-bearing capacity and ecological function are taken into account. This ensures slope stability during rainy seasons and provides a good soil-water environment for plant growth, achieving a harmonious unity between the engineering structure and the natural ecology.

[0054] To achieve standardized and prefabricated construction of slope protection components: The slope protection blocks 2 and connecting components 3 are designed in a modular manner. The connection nodes between the slope protection blocks 2 are generated by combining the three-dimensional model of the slope protection on the BIM platform. This enables the rapid positioning, connection and installation of components on site, which greatly improves construction efficiency, reduces the need for manual adjustment, and enhances construction accuracy and standardization.

[0055] Optimize the balance between structural mechanical performance and ecological performance: Based on the BIM model, perform multi-parameter input analysis, such as geological, hydraulic and ecological parameters of the slope body, and optimize the size, stress nodes and permeability of slope protection unit 1 through finite element analysis to achieve multi-objective coordination between structural mechanical performance and ecological restoration function.

[0056] Achieving intelligent monitoring and full life-cycle management of slope protection structures: Through embedded stress sensors 5, humidity sensors 6, and IoT base stations, real-time data on the operational status of the slope protection is collected and linked with the BIM platform to achieve continuous monitoring of the health and ecological restoration status of the slope protection structure, providing a scientific basis for later maintenance and assessment; it also provides visualized data for slope stability monitoring during the rainy season, provides remote monitoring and early warning when a landslide is about to occur or has already occurred, and can promptly mobilize rescue forces to carry out emergency rescue operations on roads or waterways affected by the slope after a geological disaster occurs, providing protection for the safety of the surrounding environment of the slope.

[0057] Adaptable to complex terrain and construction scenarios: Various slope protection block 2 shapes and structures, such as hexagonal, rectangular, and honeycomb shapes and structures, and the connection component 3 can adjust the connection distance with the slope protection block 2. By selecting different shapes of slope protection blocks 2 and adjusting the connection distance between them, the adaptability of the slope protection unit 1 to the on-site terrain of the slope can be improved, and the flexibility and applicability of the prefabricated ecological slope protection construction and installation can be enhanced.

[0058] In summary, this invention breaks through the technical bottlenecks of existing ecological slope protection structures in terms of construction efficiency, standardization, integration of ecological restoration and intelligent monitoring, and provides an efficient, intelligent and sustainable technical solution for green infrastructure construction and ecological engineering practices.

[0059] As one alternative implementation method

[0060] Regarding the aforementioned mixed material that enables the slope protection blocks 2 to dehydrate and is suitable for vegetation growth on its surface, specifically, the mixed material consists of coagulant, aggregate and permeable reinforcement in a mass ratio of 1:7:2.

[0061] Specifically, the coagulant includes silicate cement and fly ash, with silicate cement accounting for 70% of the coagulant by mass.

[0062] Specifically, the aggregates include a mixture of manufactured sand and multi-stage crushed stone. The particle size range of the manufactured sand is 0.075-4.75 mm, and the particle size range of the multi-stage crushed stone is 4.75-26.5 mm. The aggregate gradation is optimized by using an aggregate gradation model constructed using the Dinger-Funk equation to achieve a distribution modulus of q = 0.35 and a porosity of ≤35%.

[0063] Specifically, permeable reinforcing materials include biochar composite permeable materials and fiber materials.

[0064] The biochar permeable composite material is made by mixing biochar, coarse sand, and binder in a ratio of 3:5:2 according to their total mass, and controlling the porosity to be ≥25% and the permeability to be ≥1.5×10-2cm / s.

[0065] The fiber material includes polypropylene fiber or steel fiber. Polypropylene fiber accounts for 0.5-1% of the mass of the permeable reinforcement material, while steel fiber accounts for 3.5-5% of the mass of the permeable reinforcement material.

[0066] When applied, the fiber material is used to increase the tensile strength of the slope protection block 2, prevent the slope protection block 2 from cracking due to thermal expansion and contraction caused by climate change after installation for a period of time, and delay the cracking time of the slope protection block 2. After the vegetation grows luxuriantly, the roots of the vegetation can also improve the structural strength of the slope protection cut or fill and repair the cracks of the slope protection block 2, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the slope protection unit 1 and its adhesion and stability to the slope body.

[0067] Regarding the specific methods for adapting the above-mentioned slope protection structure to the slope site and achieving precise design, the BIM platform uses a multi-objective optimization algorithm combined with the three-dimensional model of the slope protection to associate the anti-sliding safety factor, permeability and vegetation coverage of the slope protection unit 1, and generates a modular slope protection structure that meets the requirements of anti-sliding safety factor K≥1.5 and permeability≥1.5×10-2cm / s.

[0068] Regarding the connection structure between the above-mentioned slope protection blocks 2, as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 Specifically, the pre-embedded interface block 31 has a beveled end face 311 at its connection end, the rubber buffer pad 33 has a Shore hardness of 60-70HA, and the bolt 32 is a stainless steel bolt 32.

[0069] During connection, the beveled end faces 311 of the two pre-embedded interface blocks 31 match and mate, a rubber buffer pad 33 is sandwiched between the beveled end faces 311 of the two pre-embedded interface blocks 31, and the bolts 32 pass through the beveled end faces 311 of the two pre-embedded interface blocks 31 to lock the two pre-embedded interface blocks 31.

[0070] To achieve adaptability between the slope protection blocks 2 to the surface shape of the slope body, and to improve the construction efficiency and stability of the prefabricated ecological slope protection, the relative distance between the inclined end faces 311 of the two pre-embedded interface blocks 31 is adjusted when connecting the two slope protection blocks 2. This involves increasing or decreasing the number of rubber buffer pads 33, thereby changing the thickness of the rubber buffer pads between the inclined end faces 311 of the two pre-embedded interface blocks 31. This, in turn, adjusts the distance between the bolts 32 locking the two pre-embedded interface blocks 31, thus achieving the desired fit between the slope protection blocks 2. The connection between the two blocks is adjusted to change the connection angle of the inclined end face 311 of the pre-embedded interface block 31 between the slope protection blocks 2, so that the connection distance between the connecting component 3 and the slope protection block 2 can be adjusted to adapt to the shape of the slope surface. This allows the slope protection unit 1 to follow the shape of the slope surface and adhere to the slope surface, improving the fit between the slope protection unit 1 and the slope, improving the stability of the slope protection structure on the slope, avoiding gaps between the slope protection structure and the slope surface, and preventing the gaps from being enlarged by rainwater erosion during the rainy season, which would cause soil and water loss on the slope.

[0071] Furthermore, a rubber buffer pad 33 is added between the two slope protection blocks 2. This is mainly to take into account that with the changing seasons, rain, thermal expansion and contraction, soil erosion, etc., deformation and cavities may occur between the slope and the bricks. After adding the rubber buffer pad 33, the connection between the two slope protection blocks 2 can have a certain deformation space, while also providing a certain resistance to restrain the bricks in front, behind, left, and right. The protruding pre-embedded interface block 31 between the slope protection blocks 2 is a precast concrete component made together with the slope protection blocks 2, embedded in the main body of the slope protection blocks 2, and the pre-embedded interface... The steel frame inside block 31 enables reliable connection of the pre-embedded interface block 31 between the slope protection blocks 2. Since concrete can only be subjected to compression and not tension, the concrete around the pre-embedded interface block 31 can protect the central steel frame. When the two slope protection blocks 2 are pressed against each other, the end face (oblique end face 311) of the pre-embedded interface block 31 can transmit force through the compression of the concrete. When the two slope protection blocks 2 are separated from each other, the pre-embedded interface block 31 can be subjected to tension through the middle steel frame. In this way, both tension and compression forces can be taken into account.

[0072] Moreover, the end face (oblique end face 311) of the pre-embedded interface block 31 is made into an oblique opening in order to increase the contact area, thereby increasing the pressure-bearing area of ​​the concrete and steel structure frame.

[0073] Furthermore, when the end face (oblique end face 311) of the pre-embedded interface block 31 is under pressure, the end faces of the pre-embedded interface block 31 between the two slope protection blocks 2 press against the rubber buffer pad 33. The rubber buffer pad 33 can protect the concrete end face from being crushed, improve the service life of the pre-embedded interface block 31, and thus improve the service life of the slope protection block 2.

[0074] Similarly, when the end face (oblique end face 311) of the pre-embedded interface block 31 is under tension, the end faces of the pre-embedded interface block 31 between the two slope protection blocks 2 are opposite to each other, but there may be stress points on the end faces that are pressed against each other. At this time, the rubber buffer pad 33 will be squeezed. The rubber buffer pad 33 still plays the role of protecting the concrete end face from being crushed, thereby increasing the service life of the pre-embedded interface block 31 and thus increasing the service life of the slope protection block 2.

[0075] In addition, the structure of connecting the slope protection blocks 2 with rubber buffer pads 33 is between a hard connection and a soft connection. This allows the deformation of the slope protection structure to be amplified, making it easier for the stress sensor 5 to detect changes in the slope protection structure. This makes it easier for the sensor and monitoring station to detect changes and facilitates geological monitoring of the slope protection structure. This helps to maintain the slope protection and prevent geological disasters, thereby enhancing the maintainability and safety of the slope protection structure.

[0076] like Figure 3 As shown, during installation, in order to enhance the fixed connection between the slope protection unit 1 and the slope body and increase the stability of the slope protection structure, and to make the prefabricated ecological slope protection adaptable to slope bodies with different soil conditions, the connecting component 3 is also equipped with reinforcing bars 4. The reinforcing bars 4 can be installed on the permeable channels 21 on the slope protection block 2 as needed for reinforcement. The reinforcing bars 4 are inserted into the permeable channels 21 and driven into the slope body, so that one end of the reinforcing bars 4 is inserted into the slope body and the other end is fitted into the permeable channels 21. In this way, by fixing the slope protection block 2, the fixed points of the slope protection unit 1 on the slope body are increased, thereby strengthening the slope protection structure and enhancing its stability.

[0077] During reinforcement, in order to fix the slope protection block 2 and avoid affecting the permeability of the slope protection block 2, the reinforcing bar 4 cannot fill all the permeable channels 21 of the slope protection block 2.

[0078] To enable plants to grow rapidly and stably for extended periods within the plant growth chamber 22, the specific configuration of the aforementioned ecological layers is as follows: the filling thickness of graded crushed stone within the plant growth chamber 22 is 30-40 mm; the particle size range of the finely graded crushed stone is 20-30 mm; the filling thickness of the bio-composite permeable material within the plant growth chamber 22 is 40-50 mm; the bio-composite permeable material is made by mixing biochar, pine bark chips or turf chips, and soil in a mass ratio of 3:5:2; and the plant root fixing module is a biodegradable PLA grid or lawn block.

[0079] When applied, the finely mixed crushed stone uses a particle size range of 20-30mm, which facilitates water permeability and promotes the rapid growth of plant roots within the plant growth chamber 22. The roots penetrate the plant growth chamber 22 and take root in the soil of the slope behind the slope protection structure, further improving the degree of soil and water conservation, reducing soil and water loss from the slope during the rainy season, and further improving the stability of the slope protection structure installed on the slope.

[0080] The plant root fixing module is used to cover the plant growth cavity 22. During filling, since the plants or vegetation have not yet been planted, cement nails are needed to fix the edge of the plant root fixing module to the slope protection block 2.

[0081] Regarding the communication settings between the aforementioned IoT base station and monitoring station, as well as the data exchange with the BIM platform, the IoT base station uses the LoRa wireless transmission protocol to communicate with the BIM platform of the monitoring station, and the data update frequency of the IoT base station to the BIM platform is ≤10 minutes / time.

[0082] In application, stress sensor 5, humidity sensor 6 and IoT base station communicate with each other via wired or wireless connection.

[0083] To enable online monitoring of the installed slope protection structure, the installation locations of the stress sensor 5 and humidity sensor 6 mentioned above are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, stress sensor 5 is installed in permeable channel 21, and humidity sensor 6 is installed on the side of slope protection unit 1 facing the slope.

[0084] When applying the application, at least one stress sensor 5 and one humidity sensor 6 are installed in the slope protection unit 1, and the stress sensor 5 and the humidity sensor 6 are located on the slope protection block 2 at the center of the slope protection unit 1.

[0085] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described.

Claims

1. A BIM-based prefabricated ecological slope protection system, characterized in that, Includes a slope protection unit: multiple slope protection blocks and connecting components made of mixed materials, wherein the connection distance between the connecting components and the slope protection blocks is adjustable; the slope protection blocks are hexagonal, rectangular or honeycomb shaped, and are provided with plant growth cavities and permeable channels; The monitoring station also includes a BIM platform containing a 3D slope protection model. This model generates the slope protection structure by analyzing geological parameters, hydraulic load parameters, and ecological restoration target parameters. Finite element analysis is then performed on the slope protection structure to optimize the size of the slope protection units, the stress at connection nodes, and the permeability. The connecting components include pre-embedded interface blocks, bolts, and rubber buffer pads embedded in the side of the slope protection unit; the installation positioning code of the connection node between the slope protection blocks of the slope protection structure is generated through the three-dimensional model of the slope protection on the BIM platform, which is used for the rapid positioning and connection of the slope protection blocks during construction, thereby quickly installing and forming the slope protection unit. And the ecological layer: The plant growth cavity is filled from the inside out with graded crushed stone, biological composite permeable material, and vegetation root fixing module; And an interconnected monitoring module: a stress sensor, a humidity sensor, and an IoT base station that are connected to the monitoring station via wired or wireless means, embedded in the slope protection unit; the stress sensor and the humidity sensor are connected to the IoT base station; the IoT base station is linked with the BIM platform to achieve real-time feedback on the health status of the slope protection structure. The mixed material comprises a coagulant, aggregate, and permeable reinforcing material in a mass ratio of 1:7:

2. The coagulant includes silicate cement and fly ash, with silicate cement accounting for 70% of the coagulant by mass. The aggregate consists of manufactured sand and multi-grade crushed stone, with the manufactured sand having a particle size range of 0.075-4.75 mm and the multi-grade crushed stone having a particle size range of 4.75-26.5 mm. The aggregate gradation is optimized using an aggregate gradation model constructed using the Dinger-Funk equation, resulting in a distribution modulus of q=0.35 and a porosity ≤35%. The permeable reinforcing material comprises biochar-permeable composite material and fiber material. The biochar-permeable composite material is composed of biochar, coarse sand, and binder mixed in a 3:5:2 ratio by mass, with a porosity ≥25% and a permeability ≥1.5×10⁻⁶. -2 cm / s; The connection end of the pre-embedded interface block has a beveled end face, the rubber buffer pad has a Shore hardness of 60-70HA, and the bolt is a stainless steel bolt; when connecting, the beveled end faces of the two pre-embedded interface blocks match, the rubber buffer pad is sandwiched between the beveled end faces of the two pre-embedded interface blocks, and the bolt passes through the beveled end faces of the two pre-embedded interface blocks to lock the two pre-embedded interface blocks.

2. The prefabricated ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope protection blocks are 70-90mm thick, the permeable pores are 10-20mm in diameter, and the porosity is ≥25%.

3. The prefabricated ecological slope protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plant growth cavity is located at the center of the slope protection block, and the shape of the plant growth cavity follows the outer contour shape of the slope protection block; The plant growth cavity extends through both opposite sides of the slope protection block in the thickness direction; The permeable channels are evenly arranged around the plant growth cavity.

4. The prefabricated ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber material includes polypropylene fiber or steel fiber, wherein the polypropylene fiber accounts for 0.5-1% of the mass of the permeable reinforcing material, and the steel fiber accounts for 3.5-5% of the mass of the permeable reinforcing material.

5. The prefabricated ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BIM platform, through a multi-objective optimization algorithm combined with the 3D model of the slope protection, correlates the anti-sliding safety factor, permeability, and vegetation coverage of the slope protection unit, generating a model that satisfies the following conditions: anti-sliding safety factor K ≥ 1.5 and permeability ≥ 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. -2 Modular slope protection structure with a speed of cm / s.

6. The prefabricated ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graded crushed stone fills the plant growth cavity with a thickness of 30-40 mm. The thickness of the bio-composite permeable material filling the plant growth cavity is 40-50mm; the bio-composite permeable material is made by mixing biochar, pine bark chips or sod chips, and soil in a mass ratio of 3:5:

2. The plant root anchoring module is a biodegradable PLA grid or lawn block.

7. The prefabricated ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The IoT base station communicates with the BIM platform of the monitoring station using the LoRa wireless transmission protocol, and the data update frequency of the IoT base station to the BIM platform is ≤10 minutes / time.

8. The prefabricated ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stress sensor is installed in the permeable channel, and the humidity sensor is installed on the side of the slope protection unit facing the slope body.

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