A method for sampling a tunnel face of a layered rock mass

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of environmental protection, disclose a kind of layered rock mass tunnel gallery face sampling method, comprising the following steps: S1, preparation sampling area: selected sampling area, using multi-point measurement mode, obtain the rock occurrence data, remove the loose rock mass of surface, carry out fine leveling treatment to working face, according to the measured rock occurrence data, construct three-dimensional coordinate system.The sampling method used in the present application is more representative of the sample, suitable for large-volume sample sampling operation, while retaining the original structure of the sample, avoiding the damage to the sample in the traditional sampling process, so that the sample after sampling can reflect the mechanical properties of surrounding rock more in the laboratory test conclusion;The disturbance to surrounding rock is small during sampling, improves the integrity of rock sample sampling;When cutting rock sample, it is suitable for different cutting modes, can alleviate the shaking force during rotary cutting, improve cutting accuracy and improve sample quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of environmental protection, in particular to a layered rock mass tunnel face sampling method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Layered rock mass with obvious transverse isotropy is widely distributed in the western region of China. In recent years, with the rapid development of transportation construction in the western region of China, more and more tunnels need to pass through the stratum with extremely developed structural surface and foliation surface. As the most common surrounding rock of the tunnel in the western region, the layered rock mass has low strength, obvious anisotropy in deformation and failure, and it is of great significance to study its mechanical properties and failure characteristics for preventing tunnel surrounding rock disasters.

[0003] Laboratory test is the most direct and simple method to obtain the mechanical parameters of layered rock, including compression, tension, shear and permeability tests. The size of the rock sample used in common rock mechanics tests usually depends on the specific research object and test requirements, and is usually 50*100mm, 50*25mm and 50*50*100mm, etc., which meets the ISRM recommended height-diameter ratio of 2:1. However, small-scale samples are difficult to capture the overall properties and trends of layered rock mass tunnel surrounding rock. Although field tests can better reflect the mechanical properties of the actual rock mass, they are complex, costly and difficult to control the external environment. Using large-size rock samples for mechanical tests can capture the overall properties of the rock, including fracture distribution, rock structure, etc., making the experimental results more representative and reliable.

[0004] The commonly used methods for taking out rock samples on the construction site include drilling core sampling, blasting sampling and manual sampling. Due to the size limitation of the core drill, the diameter of the rock core taken is generally not more than 100mm. In addition, new fractures are generated in the layered rock mass during the blasting sampling process. In recent years, high-pressure water jet technology and rotary water jet cutting technology have been continuously developed, which not only can cut the rock mass vertically, but also can cut the rock mass in the plane perpendicular to the drill rod. This technology has small disturbance to the rock mass and high operability, providing new technical support for in-situ sampling.

[0005] In summary, the present application proposes an in-situ sampling method for deep buried layered rock mass tunnel, which provides data support for more accurately obtaining the mechanical parameters of deep buried layered rock mass tunnel surrounding rock. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a layered rock mass tunnel face sampling method.

[0007] The present application adopts the following technical scheme: a layered rock mass tunnel face sampling method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, preparing a sampling area:

[0009] Select the sampling area, use multi-point measurement method to obtain the rock occurrence data, remove the loose rock mass on the surface, and finely level the working face. According to the measured rock occurrence data, a three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed, and the space orientation of the sample is accurately positioned by means of the lofting template in combination with the required angle of the indoor test, so as to determine the rectangular cutting area;

[0010] S2, build a drilling system:

[0011] According to the rectangular cutting area and the surrounding rock type, the detection hole and the cutting hole position are determined, and the detection hole and the cutting hole are drilled by using the drilling equipment;

[0012] S3, disturbance area excavation:

[0013] According to the surrounding rock type, the disturbance area excavation data and the sampling groove data are determined, and the disturbance area is cut by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment, and the disturbance area rock mass is taken out. Then the sampling groove is cut by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment, and the rock on the sampling groove is taken out, and the rock sample is extracted;

[0014] S4, extract rock sample:

[0015] Prepare the sampling plate car and adjust the angle of the bearing surface of the sampling plate car. Push the adjusted sampling plate car along the sampling groove to the bottom of the rock sample, and then cut the rock sample by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment. The cut rock sample falls on the sampling plate car, and the untrimmed rock sample is obtained;

[0016] S5, rock sample post-processing:

[0017] The extracted rock sample is cured under constant stress. After curing, the surface of the rock sample is finished. Then the rock sample is packaged, and the final rock sample is obtained.

[0018] The high-pressure water jet cutting equipment comprises a bottom plate, a support fixed on the top of the bottom plate, a lifting mechanism fixed on the support, a bearing mechanism arranged at the output end of the lifting mechanism, a translation mechanism arranged at the bottom of the bearing mechanism, a propulsion mechanism arranged at the output end of the translation mechanism, and a cutting assembly arranged at the bottom of the propulsion mechanism;

[0019] The cutting assembly comprises a holding mechanism connected with the output end of the propulsion mechanism, a jet cutting mechanism sleeved on the holding mechanism, a cyclone cutting mechanism arranged at the front end of the jet cutting mechanism, and a power mechanism arranged on the holding mechanism for driving the cyclone cutting mechanism to rotate and the holding mechanism to be stable;

[0020] The cyclone cutting mechanism comprises a positioning ring fixed to the outer ring of the jet cutting mechanism, an L-shaped driving plate rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the positioning ring, a ring-shaped contraction plate fixed to the front end of the driving plate, a ring-shaped closing plate fixed to the front end of the contraction plate, and the closing plate is rotatably sleeved with the jet cutting mechanism, a nozzle one is fixed to the outer ring of the closing plate and arranged in an array along the axis of the closing plate, a ring-shaped bevel gear ring is fixed to the side of the driving plate away from the contraction plate, the bevel gear ring is connected with the power mechanism, and the positioning ring is fixed with a conveying pipe one.

[0021] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the retaining mechanism comprises a shell provided with an opening at the front end, a connecting plate fixed to the outer ring of the shell and connected with the output end of the advancing mechanism, a ring-shaped mounting groove opened on the shell, and two reinforcing plates fixed with the jet cutting mechanism are mounted on both sides of the opening of the mounting groove, and a rotating pipe is rotatably connected between the two reinforcing plates, a stable plate is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the rotating pipe and arranged in an array along the axis of the rotating pipe, and a gear ring connected with the power mechanism is fixed to the inner ring of the rotating pipe.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the jet cutting mechanism comprises a main pipe fixedly sleeved on the retaining mechanism, a nozzle two fixed to the front end of the main pipe, and a conveying pipe two mounted on the main pipe and communicated with the nozzle two, and a receiving groove slidably sleeved with the closing plate is opened on the outer ring of the front end of the main pipe.

[0023] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the power mechanism comprises a driving shaft rotatably connected with the retaining mechanism, a gear fixed to the outer ring of the driving shaft and engaged with the retaining mechanism, and a bevel gear engaged with the bevel gear ring.

[0024] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the width of the contraction plate gradually decreases in the direction from the driving plate to the closing plate.

[0025] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the rotating pipe is fixed with an air bag located on the outer ring of the shell near the outer side of the front end of the shell, an air pipe fixed with the air bag is mounted in the shell, a receiving groove is sequentially arranged in the length direction of the outer ring of the rotating pipe, the receiving groove is slidably sleeved with the stable plate, a spring is fixed between the receiving groove and the stable plate, one end of the stable plate extending out of the receiving groove is in a circular arc structure, and a tooth plate in an inclined state is fixed to the circular arc surface of the stable plate in sequence along the direction.

[0026] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the bearing mechanism comprises a bearing plate, the bearing plate is fixed with a connecting plate fixed with the output end of the lifting mechanism, the other side of the bearing plate is fixed with an extension plate, and the extension plate is slidably sleeved with a guide rod fixed with the bottom plate and the support.

[0027] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the bottom plate is fixed with a vehicle frame at the bottom, the vehicle frame is provided with a control box, a water storage tank, a high-pressure pump and an air pump, the vehicle frame is fixed with a castor wheel at the bottom, and the control box is internally mounted with a controller and a storage battery.

[0028] As a further improvement of the above-mentioned scheme, the translation mechanism is arranged along the width direction of the bearing mechanism, and the pushing mechanism is arranged along the length direction of the bearing mechanism.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:

[0030] 1、The sampling method adopted by the application is more representative, suitable for large-volume sample sampling operation, retains the original structure of the sample, avoids damage to the sample in the traditional sampling process, so that the conclusion obtained by indoor test of the sampled sample can better reflect the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock.

[0031] 2、The sampling process of the application has small disturbance to the surrounding rock, improves the integrity of the rock sample; when cutting the rock sample, different cutting methods are suitable, can alleviate the shaking force in the rotary cutting process, improve the cutting precision and improve the sample quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a sampling area and sampling size of a working face is provided for the application;

[0033] Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a high-pressure water jet cutting device is provided for the application;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the sampling depth of the surrounding rock is provided for the application;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the rock sample surface cutting strategy of the parallel working face of the I-III grade layered surrounding rock is provided for the application;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rock sample surface cutting strategy of the parallel working face of the IV-VI grade layered surrounding rock is provided for the application;

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the rock sample surface cutting strategy of the vertical working face of the layered surrounding rock disturbance area is provided for the application;

[0038] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cutting depth measurement method is provided for the application;

[0039] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the rock sample surface cutting strategy of the vertical working face of the I-III grade layered surrounding rock is provided for the application;

[0040] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the rock sample surface cutting strategy of the vertical working face of the IV-VI grade layered surrounding rock is provided for the application;

[0041] Figure 10A structure schematic diagram of the sampling plate vehicle provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0042] Figure 11 A structure schematic diagram of the cutting assembly provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0043] Figure 12 A sectional view of the cutting assembly provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0044] Figure 13 A structure schematic diagram of the shrink plate provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0045] Figure 14 A structure schematic diagram of the bearing plate provided by the present application is shown in the figure;

[0046] Figure 15 A structure schematic diagram of the stabilizing plate provided by the present application is shown in the figure.

[0047] Main symbol explanation:

[0048] 1, bottom plate; 2, support; 3, lifting mechanism; 4, bearing mechanism; 6, cutting assembly; 11, cover; 12, connecting plate; 13, mounting groove; 14, reinforcing plate; 15, rotating pipe; 16, stabilizing plate; 17, gear ring; 18, air bag; 19, air pipe; 110, tooth plate; 21, main pipe; 22, nozzle two; 23, conveying pipe two; 24, storage groove; 31, positioning ring; 32, driving plate; 33, shrink plate; 34, closing plate; 35, nozzle one; 36, bevel gear ring; 37, conveying pipe one; 41, bearing plate; 42, linking plate; 43, extension plate; 44, guide rod; 51, base; 52, frame one; 53, jacking unit; 54, connecting seat; 55, overturning shaft; 56, bearing plate; 57, foam cushion plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In the following, the present application will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, and it should be noted that the following described embodiments or technical features can be combined in any manner to form new embodiments without conflict.

[0050] Embodiment 1:

[0051] The layered rock mass tunnel face sampling method of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0052] S1, prepare the sampling area:

[0053] Select the sampling area, use the multi-point measurement method to obtain the rock stratum occurrence data, remove the loose rock mass on the surface, finely level the working face, construct a three-dimensional coordinate system according to the measured rock stratum occurrence data, and combine the required angles of the indoor test to finely position the spatial orientation of the sample by means of the lofting template, and determine the rectangular cutting area;

[0054] S2, build a drilling system:

[0055] According to the rectangular cutting area and the surrounding rock type, the detection hole and the cutting hole position are determined, and the detection hole and the cutting hole are drilled by using the drilling equipment;

[0056] S3, disturbance area excavation:

[0057] According to the surrounding rock type, the disturbance area excavation data and the sampling groove data are determined, the disturbance area is cut by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment, and the disturbance area rock mass is taken out, then the sampling groove is cut by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment, and the rock on the sampling groove is taken out, and the rock sample is extracted;

[0058] S4, extract the rock sample:

[0059] Prepare the sampling plate car, adjust the angle of the sampling plate car bearing surface, push the adjusted sampling plate car along the sampling groove to the bottom of the rock sample, then cut the rock sample by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment, the cut rock sample falls on the sampling plate car, and the untrimmed rock sample is obtained;

[0060] S5, rock sample post-processing:

[0061] The extracted rock sample is maintained at a constant stress, and after the maintenance is completed, the surface of the rock sample is finished, and then the rock sample is packaged, and the final rock sample is obtained.

[0062] Example 2:

[0063] Combined with Figure 2 , Figures 11-15 , a high-pressure water jet cutting equipment for layered rock mass tunnel face sampling, comprising a bottom plate 1, a support 2 fixed on the top of the bottom plate 1, a lifting mechanism 3 fixed on the support 2, a bearing mechanism 4 arranged at the output end of the lifting mechanism 3, a translation mechanism arranged at the bottom of the bearing mechanism 4, a propulsion mechanism arranged at the bottom output end of the translation mechanism, and a cutting assembly 6 arranged at the bottom of the propulsion mechanism;

[0064] The cutting assembly 6 comprises a holding mechanism connected with the output end of the propulsion mechanism, a jet cutting mechanism sleeved on the holding mechanism, a rotational flow cutting mechanism arranged at the front end of the jet cutting mechanism, and a power mechanism arranged on the holding mechanism for driving the rotational flow cutting mechanism to rotate and the holding mechanism to be stable;

[0065] The cyclone cutting mechanism comprises a positioning ring 31 fixed to the outer ring of the jet cutting mechanism, an L-shaped driving plate 32 rotatably sleeved outside the positioning ring 31, a ring-shaped contraction plate 33 fixed to the front end of the driving plate 32, a ring-shaped closing plate 34 fixed to the front end of the contraction plate 33, and the closing plate 34 is rotatably sleeved with the jet cutting mechanism, a plurality of nozzles 35 are fixed to the outer ring of the closing plate 34 and arranged along the axis of the closing plate 34, a ring-shaped bevel gear ring 36 is fixed to the side of the driving plate 32 away from the contraction plate 33, the bevel gear ring 36 is connected with the power mechanism, and a delivery pipe 37 is fixed to the positioning ring 31; the width of the contraction plate 33 gradually decreases from the driving plate 32 to the closing plate 34.

[0066] The retaining mechanism comprises a shell 11 provided with an opening at the front end, a connecting plate 12 fixed to the outer ring of the shell 11 and connected with the output end of the advancing mechanism, a ring-shaped mounting groove 13 opened in the shell 11, and two reinforcing plates 14 fixed to the two sides of the opening of the mounting groove 13 and connected with the jet cutting mechanism, and a rotating pipe 15 rotatably connected between the two reinforcing plates 14, a plurality of stabilizing plates 16 are slidably sleeved outside the rotating pipe 15 and arranged along the axis of the rotating pipe 15, and a gear ring 17 is fixed to the inner ring of the rotating pipe 15 and connected with the power mechanism.

[0067] The jet cutting mechanism comprises a main pipe 21 fixedly sleeved on the retaining mechanism, a nozzle 22 fixed to the front end of the main pipe 21, and a delivery pipe 23 mounted on the main pipe 21 and communicated with the nozzle 22, and a receiving groove 24 is formed in the outer ring of the front end of the main pipe 21 and slidably sleeved with the closing plate 34.

[0068] The power mechanism comprises a driving shaft rotatably connected with the retaining mechanism, a gear fixed to the outer ring of the driving shaft and engaged with the retaining mechanism, and a bevel gear engaged with the bevel gear ring 36, and a motor fixed to the shell 11 is mounted at one end of the driving shaft.

[0069] The width of the contraction plate 33 gradually decreases from the driving plate to the closing plate, the air bag 18 is fixed to the outer ring of the shell 11 outside the front end of the driving plate, the rotating pipe 15, and the air pipe 19 is mounted in the shell 11 and fixed to the air bag 18, the receiving groove is formed in the outer ring of the rotating pipe 15 and arranged in sequence along the length direction of the rotating pipe 15, the receiving groove is slidably sleeved with the stabilizing plate 16, the spring is fixed between the receiving groove and the stabilizing plate 16, the end of the stabilizing plate 16 extending out of the receiving groove is in a circular arc structure, and the circular arc surface of the stabilizing plate 16 is fixed with a plurality of inclined tooth plates 110 arranged in sequence along the direction of the stabilizing plate 16.

[0070] The bearing mechanism 4 comprises a bearing plate 41 fixed with a connecting plate 42 connected with the output end of the lifting mechanism 3, and the other side of the bearing plate 41 is fixed with an extension plate 43, and the extension plate 43 is slidably sleeved with a guide rod 44 fixed to the bottom plate 1 and the support 2.

[0071] The bottom plate 1 is fixedly connected with a frame, the frame is provided with a control box, a water storage tank, a high-pressure pump and an air pump, the bottom of the frame is fixedly connected with a foot wheel, the control box is internally provided with a controller and a storage battery, the water storage tank is connected with the high-pressure pump through a water pipe, one side of the control box is provided with a power interface, a data interface, a display screen and a switch; the lifting mechanism 3, the translation mechanism and the propulsion mechanism all adopt linear modules, the high-pressure pump is connected with the first conveying pipe 37 and the second conveying pipe 23, the air pump is connected with the air pipe 19, the air pipe 19, the first conveying pipe 37 and the second conveying pipe 23 are all provided with electromagnetic valves, the controller is connected with the electromagnetic valves, the air pump, the high-pressure pump, the storage battery, the linear modules, the motor, the power interface, the data interface, the display screen and the switch;

[0072] The translation mechanism is arranged along the width direction of the bearing mechanism 4, and the propulsion mechanism is arranged along the length direction of the bearing mechanism 4.

[0073] When sampling and cutting, first push the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment to the position in front of the working face to be sampled, then adjust the position of the cutting assembly 6 by using the lifting mechanism 3, the translation mechanism and the propulsion mechanism, so that the cutting assembly 6 extends into the cutting hole, according to the needs of sampling and cutting, when parallel cutting with the working face is needed, use the nozzle one 35 on the rotational flow cutting mechanism to perform rotational flow cutting operation; when vertical cutting with the working face is needed, use the nozzle two 22 on the jet cutting mechanism to perform jet cutting operation.

[0074] When extending into the cutting hole, the gas of the air pump enters the air bag 18 along the air pipe 19, so that the air bag 18 is inflated, the air bag 18 is in contact with the inner wall of the sampling hole to close the sampling hole, so as to avoid the backflow of the cutting water along the sampling hole, so that the water flow is more easily flowed into the detection hole when rotational flow cutting is performed, which is convenient for detecting the cutting state, when cutting, the motor is started to rotate the driving shaft, which drives the gear and the bevel gear ring 36 to rotate, so that the rotational flow cutting mechanism and the rotating pipe 15 rotate, when the rotating pipe 15 rotates, the enabled stable plate 16 rotates, at this time, the inclined tooth plate 110 on the stable plate 16 is in contact with the inner wall of the cutting hole when rotating, which ensures that the cutting assembly 6 is stable in the cutting hole, reduces the shaking force in the rotational cutting process, and improves the cutting quality.

[0075] At the same time, the high-pressure water flow enters the contraction plate 33 along the first conveying pipe 37, and is compressed by the contraction plate 33 to increase the pressure inside the rotational flow cutting mechanism, so as to relieve the pressure difference after the dispersion of the plurality of nozzles one 35, and ensure the stability of the cutting pressure.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] In-situ sampling of relatively complete layered surrounding rock of I-III grade of tunnel or roadway, including the following steps:

[0078] Firstly, the sampling area is selected on the working face, and the compass is used to carry out multi-point measurement to obtain the rock stratum occurrence data, i.e. the inclination and dip angle β. The loose rock mass on the surface is completely removed, and the working face is finely leveled to ensure that the fluctuation difference is less than 1 cm. According to the measured rock stratum occurrence data, a three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed, and the specific angle θ required by the indoor test is combined to accurately position the spatial orientation of the sample by means of the lofting template. As shown in Figure 1 , the sampling size is 1.1 m x 1.1 m, and the actual size is 1.0 m x 1.0 m, which is located 1.1 m below the bottom of the working face.

[0079] Secondly, firstly, the sampling depth designed in Figure 3 (a) and the drilling arrangement scheme planned in Figure 4 (f) are used to drill holes with a depth of 1.6 m and a diameter of Φ80 mm along the four top surfaces and the four equally divided points of each edge of the rock sample, thereby constructing a cutting-drilling monitoring hole network. The cutting tool is selected as the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment as shown in Figure 2 , and the cutting operation is carried out.

[0080] Thirdly, firstly, the excavation disturbance part in Figure 3 (a) is cut off. As shown in Figure 4 , the strategy of cutting the I-III grade layered surrounding rock parallel to the working face is shown, and in the figure, the gray holes are cutting holes, and the white holes are detection holes. Firstly, the outermost side of the sample is cut to form an initial separation surface in a closed loop. The cutting strategy is in accordance with the six steps as shown in Figure 4 .

[0081] As shown in Figure 4 (a), hole 2 is a cutting hole, the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment is inserted into the hole 0.5 m deep, the cyclone cutting mechanism is started, the water pressure is set to 120 MPa, and the rotating speed is set to 500 r / min for cutting. When detection holes 1, 3 and 16 simultaneously emit water, continue cutting for 1 min and stop. Similarly, as shown in Figure 4 (b), hole 10 is a cutting hole, and the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment is inserted into the hole 0.5 m deep for cutting. When detection holes 8, 9 and 11 simultaneously emit water, continue cutting for 1 min and stop. As shown in Figure 4 (c), hole 3 is a cutting hole, and the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment is inserted into the hole 0.5 m deep for cutting. When detection holes 1, 2, 4, 5 and 16 simultaneously emit water, stop. Similarly, as shown in Figure 4 (d), hole 11 is a cutting hole, and the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment is inserted into the hole 0.5 m deep for cutting. When detection holes 8, 9, 10, 12 and 13 simultaneously emit water, stop. As shown in Figure 4(e), hole 15 is a cutting hole, high-pressure water jet cutting equipment is cut into the hole 0.5 m deep, when the detection hole 13, 14, 16, 1 water at the same time, cut 5 min after stopping, to ensure that the rectangular center position is fully cut. Similarly, as Figure 6 (f), hole 7 is a cutting hole, high-pressure water jet cutting equipment is cut into the hole 0.5 m deep, when the detection hole 5, 6, 8, 9 water at the same time, cut 5 min after stopping, to ensure that the rectangular center position is fully cut.

[0082] Then, using high-pressure water jet cutting equipment, jet cutting mechanism starts, water pressure is set to 120 MPa, according to Figure 7 The vertical face cutting strategy of the middle layer of surrounding rock disturbance area is to cut the four sides from bottom to top, and the cutting depth H≥0.5 m. In the cutting process, in order to test whether the cutting reaches the specified depth, as Figure 3 shown, the method of combining laser range finder and T-shaped ruler is adopted, the T-shaped ruler is responsible for measuring the overall depth of cutting, and the laser range finder is responsible for monitoring the position which does not reach the specified depth, so as to continue cutting. After cutting, the workers clean up the excavation disturbance area to expose the sampling area.

[0083] Fourthly, first cut Figure 6 (a) the innermost rock sample surface parallel to the face, the cutting step is consistent with the third step, but the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment is cut into the hole 1.6 m deep, the rotation speed and pressure remain the same. Then, according to Figure 10 (a) and (b) position, cut two bottom rock surfaces perpendicular to the face. The cutting method is the same as the third step, and the cutting depth is H≥1.6 m from the face. After the bottom cutting process is completed, according to Figure 8 the size of the sampling plate car, use drill hammer and other tools to remove the 1.6 m deep gray sampling groove at the bottom as Figure 10 (a), the workers clean up the debris.

[0084] The sampling plate car structure diagram is shown in Figure 8 , the load-bearing plate 56 is fixed by embedding the support frame into the clamping groove, and the inclination angles of the two load-bearing plates 56 are adjusted to θ-β and π-θ+β respectively. Push the sampling plate car into the sampling groove, so that the load-bearing plate 56 at the top of the sampling plate car is in close contact with the bottom of the rock sample, and the distance between the rock sample and the load-bearing plate 56 is controlled within 1 cm. Then, according to Figure 1 (b) and (c), use high-pressure water jet cutting equipment to cut the upper two sides of the rock sample respectively, and the cutting method and cutting depth detection are the same as the third step. Then the rock sample falls on the foam buffer plate 57 of the load-bearing plate 56, and the rock sample without trimming and with a size greater than 1.0 m 3 is obtained.

[0085] Fifth step, post-treatment of rock sample. Immediately after the rock sample is taken out, it is put into a constant stress curing box (axial pressure 5 MPa, confining pressure 3 MPa) for curing for 72 hours, and then surface finishing is performed. The excess part is cut off by using a diamond wire saw, and attention should be paid to reserving a transition area of 0.1 m from the surface of the rock sample. The three-dimensional laser scanning technology is used to detect the flatness of the surface of the rock sample, and the requirement is that the surface fluctuation difference Ah is less than 5 mm. If the requirement is not met, a quick-setting cement-based repair layer is sprayed. When the rock sample is packaged, a honeycomb-shaped EPS buffer system is used, and an inclination recording chip is arranged inside.

[0086] Example 4:

[0087] The in-situ sampling of the IV-VI grade relatively complete layered surrounding rock of a tunnel or a roadway includes the following steps:

[0088] First step, the sampling area is selected at the working face, and a compass is used to carry out multi-point measurement to obtain the occurrence data of the rock stratum, i.e. the inclination and the dip angle β. The loose rock mass on the surface is completely removed, and the working face is finely leveled to ensure that the fluctuation difference is less than 1 cm. According to the measured occurrence data of the rock stratum, a three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed, and the specific angle θ required by the indoor test is combined to precisely position the spatial orientation of the sample by means of a lofting template. As shown in Figure 3 , the sampling size is 1.1 m x 1.1 m, and the actual size is 1.0 m x 1.0 m, which is located 1.1 m below the bottom of the working face.

[0089] Second step, first, the sampling depth in Figure 5 (b) and the drilling arrangement scheme in Figure 2 (e) are designed, and drilling holes with a depth of 2.6 m and a hole diameter of Φ100 mm are drilled along the four top surfaces and the four equally divided points of each side of the rock sample, thereby constructing a cutting-drilling network. The cutting tool is a high-pressure water jet cutting device as shown in Figure 3 , and the cutting operation is performed by using the same.

[0090] Third step, first, the excavation disturbance part in Figure 5 (b) is cut off. As shown in Figure 5 , the strategy for cutting the IV-VI grade layered surrounding rock parallel to the working face is shown, in which the gray holes are cutting holes, and the white holes are detection holes. The outermost part of the sample is first cut in a closed loop to form an initial separation surface. The cutting strategy is in accordance with the four steps as shown in Figure 5 .

[0091] As shown in Figure 5(a), hole 1 is a cutting hole, the high-pressure water jet cutting device is drilled into the hole 1.5 m deep, the rotating cutting mechanism is started, and the water pressure is set to 120 MPa, the rotating speed is set to 500 r / min for cutting. When holes 2 and 3 are detected to flow water at the same time, continue to cut for 1 min and stop. Similarly, as Figure 5 (b), hole 4 is a cutting hole, when holes 2 and 5 are detected to flow water at the same time, continue to cut for 1 min and stop. As Figure 6 (c), hole 6 is a cutting hole, when holes 5 and 7 are detected to flow water at the same time, continue to cut for 1 min and stop. As Figure 3 (d), hole 8 is a cutting hole, when holes 3 and 7 are detected to flow water at the same time, continue to cut for 1 min and stop.

[0092] Then, using the high-pressure water jet cutting device, the jet cutting mechanism is started, the water pressure is set to 120 MPa, and according to Figure 6 the vertical face cutting strategy of the middle layer of surrounding rock disturbance area, the four sides are cut from bottom to top, and the cutting depth H≥1.5 m. During the cutting process, the method for checking whether the cutting reaches the specified depth is consistent with the third step of example 1. After cutting is completed, the worker cleans up the excavation disturbance area to expose the sampling area.

[0093] Fourth step, first cut Figure 10 (b) the innermost rock sample surface parallel to the face, the cutting step is consistent with the third step, but the high-pressure water jet cutting device is drilled into the hole to a depth of 2.6 m, and the rotating speed and pressure remain the same. Then, according to Figure 9 (a) and (b), cut the two bottom rock surfaces perpendicular to the face. The cutting method is the same as the third step, but the cutting depth is H≥2.6 m from the face. After the bottom surface cutting process is completed, according to Figure 10 the size of the sampling plate car, use a drill hammer and other tools to remove a depth of 2.6 m, and the shape is Figure 9 (a) the bottom gray sampling groove, which is cleaned by workers.

[0094] The sampling plate car structure diagram is shown in Figure 9 , the load-bearing plate 56 is fixed by embedding the support frame into the clamping groove, the inclination angles of the two side load-bearing plates 56 are adjusted to θ-β and π-θ+β respectively, the sampling plate car is pushed into the sampling groove, so that the top load-bearing plate 56 of the sampling plate car is in close contact with the bottom of the rock sample, and the distance between the rock sample and the load-bearing plate 56 is controlled within 1 cm. Then according to Figure 10 (b) and (c), use the high-pressure water jet cutting device to cut the upper two sides of the rock sample respectively, and the cutting method and cutting depth detection are the same as the third step. Then the rock sample falls on the foam buffer plate 57 of the load-bearing plate 56 as ​ (d), the rock sample without trimming and with a size greater than 1.0 m 3 is obtained.

[0095] Fifth step, rock sample post-processing. The rock sample is immediately placed in a constant stress curing box (axial pressure 5 MPa, confining pressure 3 MPa) after being taken out, and surface finishing is performed after curing for 72 hours. Excess part is cut off by diamond wire saw, and it is necessary to pay attention to reserve the transition area 0.1 m away from the surface of the rock sample. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is used to detect the flatness of the surface of the rock sample, and the surface fluctuation difference Ah is required to be less than 5 mm. If the requirement is not met, a quick-setting cement-based repair layer is sprayed. When the rock sample is packaged, a honeycomb-shaped EPS buffer system is used, and an inclination recording chip is arranged inside.

[0096] Example 5:

[0097] As shown in ​ The sampling plate vehicle includes a base 51, a connecting seat 54 fixed on the top of the base 51, a turnover shaft 55 fixed on the connecting seat 54, two groups of bearing plates 56 rotatably connected to the turnover shaft 55, and foam buffer plates 57 arranged on the top of the bearing plates 56. The bearing plates 56 are provided with clamping grooves distributed along the length direction in sequence, the clamping grooves are sleeved with support frames, the top of the base 51 is provided with a placing hole for abutting the bottom of the support frame, the bottom of the base 51 is provided with a vehicle frame 52 and a jacking unit 53, the bottom output end of the jacking unit 53 is fixedly connected with a supporting plate, and the jacking unit 53 is a hydraulic cylinder.

[0098] The sampling method adopted by the present application has stronger sample representativeness, is suitable for large-volume sample sampling operation, retains the original structure of the sample, avoids damage to the sample in the traditional sampling process, so that the conclusion obtained by indoor test of the sampled sample can better reflect the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock; the sampling process has small disturbance to the surrounding rock, improves the integrity of the rock sample; when the rock sample is cut, different cutting modes are suitable, the cutting accuracy and sample quality are improved.

[0099] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application, and any non-essential changes and replacements made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of sampling a face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass, characterised in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a sampling area: Select the sampling area, use multi-point measurement method to obtain the rock stratum occurrence data, remove the loose rock mass on the surface, and finely level the working face. According to the measured rock stratum occurrence data, a three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed, and the spatial orientation of the sample is precisely positioned by means of the lofting template in combination with the required angle of the indoor test. The rectangular cutting area is determined. S2, building a drilling system: According to the rectangular cutting area and the surrounding rock type, the detection hole and the cutting hole position are determined, and the detection hole and the cutting hole are drilled by using the drilling equipment. S3, excavating the disturbed area: According to the surrounding rock type, the excavation data and the sampling groove data of the disturbed area are determined, and the disturbed area is cut by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment. Then, the rock mass in the disturbed area is taken out, and the sampling groove is cut by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment. The rock in the sampling groove is taken out, and the rock sample is extracted. S4, extracting the rock sample: Prepare the sampling plate car and adjust the angle of the sampling plate car bearing surface. Push the adjusted sampling plate car along the sampling groove to the bottom of the rock sample. Then, the rock sample is cut by using the high-pressure water jet cutting equipment. The cut rock sample falls on the sampling plate car, and the untrimmed rock sample is obtained. S5, post-processing of the rock sample: The extracted rock sample is maintained under constant stress. After the maintenance is completed, the surface of the rock sample is finely processed. Then, the rock sample is packaged, and the final rock sample is obtained.

2. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 1, characterised in that, The high-pressure water jet cutting equipment comprises a bottom plate, a support fixed to the top of the bottom plate, a lifting mechanism fixed to the support, a bearing mechanism arranged at the output end of the lifting mechanism, a translation mechanism arranged at the bottom of the bearing mechanism, a propulsion mechanism arranged at the output end of the translation mechanism, and a cutting assembly arranged at the bottom of the propulsion mechanism. The cutting assembly comprises a retaining mechanism connected to the output end of the propulsion mechanism, a jet cutting mechanism sleeved on the retaining mechanism, a rotational flow cutting mechanism arranged at the front end of the jet cutting mechanism, and a power mechanism arranged on the retaining mechanism for driving the rotational flow cutting mechanism to rotate and the retaining mechanism to be stable. The rotational flow cutting mechanism comprises a positioning ring fixed to the outer circle of the jet cutting mechanism, an L-shaped structure active plate rotatably sleeved on the outer side of the positioning ring, a ring structure contraction plate fixed to the front end of the active plate, a ring structure closure plate fixed to the front end of the contraction plate, and a nozzle one fixed to the outer circle of the closure plate along the axis.

3. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 2, characterised in that, The retaining mechanism comprises a shell provided with an opening at the front end, a connecting plate fixed to the outer circle of the shell and connected to the output end of the propulsion mechanism, a ring structure mounting groove opened in the shell, and two reinforcing plates fixed to the jet cutting mechanism on both sides of the opening of the mounting groove. Two groups of reinforcing plates are rotatably connected by a rotating pipe. The outer circle of the rotating pipe is slidably sleeved with a stable plate arranged along the axis. The inner circle of the rotating pipe is fixed with a gear ring connected to the power mechanism.

4. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 2, characterised in that, The jet cutting mechanism comprises a main pipe fixedly sleeved on the holding mechanism, a nozzle two fixedly connected to the front end of the main pipe, and a conveying pipe two installed on the main pipe and communicated with the nozzle two, and a receiving groove is formed in the outer ring of the front end of the main pipe and slidably sleeved with the sealing plate.

5. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 2, characterised in that, The power mechanism comprises a driving shaft rotationally connected with the holding mechanism, a gear fixedly connected to the outer ring of the driving shaft and engaged with the holding mechanism, and a bevel gear engaged with the bevel gear ring.

6. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 2, characterised in that, The width of the contraction plate gradually decreases from the driving plate to the sealing plate.

7. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 3, characterised in that, The rotating pipe is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the shell and has an air bag, the shell has an air pipe fixedly connected to the air bag, the outer ring of the rotating pipe is provided with a receiving groove arranged along the length direction of the rotating pipe, the receiving groove is slidably sleeved with the stabilizing plate, a spring is fixedly connected between the receiving groove and the stabilizing plate, the end of the stabilizing plate extending out of the receiving groove is in a circular arc structure, and the circular arc surface of the stabilizing plate is fixedly connected with a plurality of tooth plates arranged along the direction of the stabilizing plate.

8. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 2, characterised in that, The bearing mechanism comprises a bearing plate, the bearing plate is fixedly connected with a connecting plate fixedly connected with the output end of the lifting mechanism, and the other side of the bearing plate is fixedly connected with an extension plate, the extension plate is slidably sleeved with a guide rod fixedly connected with the bottom plate and the support.

9. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 2, characterised in that, The bottom plate is fixedly connected with a vehicle frame, the vehicle frame is provided with a control box, a water storage tank, a high-pressure pump and an air pump, the bottom of the vehicle frame is fixedly connected with a castor, and the control box is internally provided with a controller and a storage battery.

10. A method of taking a sample of the face of a tunnel in a stratified rock mass according to claim 2, characterised in that, The translation mechanism is arranged along the width direction of the bearing mechanism, and the propulsion mechanism is arranged along the length direction of the bearing mechanism.

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