Intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method, and relates to the field of carbon asset management, and the system comprises a data collection processing module, a storage module, a carbon asset management module and an accounting module. The data acquisition and processing module performs data acquisition and processing operation; the storage module performs decoding operation on the data, selects a hash function, performs hash processing on the data to generate a hash value, and constructs a block chain; the accounting module carries out accounting on the data and generates a carbon footprint emission report and a carbon accounting statement; the carbon asset management module dynamically updates a carbon asset optimization scheme according to the stored data, the carbon footprint emission report and the carbon accounting statement, and the problem that carbon footprint tracking is not transparent is solved by storing the data on the block chain; carbon footprint and carbon accounting is realized through the accounting module, the accounting process is simple, and the credibility of data is improved; intelligent carbon asset management is realized through the carbon asset management module, a corresponding optimization scheme is provided, and the management efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon asset management, and in particular to an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method. Background Art

[0002] In the process of achieving carbon neutrality, companies and products need to accurately track and manage their carbon footprints and strengthen carbon asset management through carbon accounting. However, existing technologies have the following problems:

[0003] (1) Carbon footprint tracking is not transparent: Traditional methods make it difficult to achieve carbon footprint tracking throughout the entire life cycle, from raw material procurement to end consumption.

[0004] (2) Low efficiency of carbon asset management: Due to the lack of effective information tools, carbon asset management is difficult to achieve automation and intelligence.

[0005] (3) Carbon accounting is complex: Carbon accounting involves multiple links, data sources are scattered, and the accounting process is complex and prone to errors.

[0006] (4) Low data credibility: Carbon footprint data can be easily tampered with.

[0007] Blockchain technology, with its immutable, decentralized, and traceable characteristics, can effectively address these issues. However, there are currently no mature systems or methods that can integrate blockchain technology with carbon footprint tracking, carbon asset management, and carbon accounting to form a complete solution.

[0008] Therefore, an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method are provided to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method. By collecting and processing data, the processed data is stored on the blockchain, thereby solving the problem of opaque carbon footprint tracking; carbon footprint accounting and carbon accounting are realized through the accounting module based on the data on the blockchain, the accounting process is simple, and the credibility of the data is improved; automatic and intelligent carbon asset management is realized through the carbon asset management module, and corresponding optimization solutions are provided to improve management efficiency.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system, comprising a data acquisition and processing module, a storage module, a carbon asset management module, and an accounting module;

[0011] The data acquisition and processing module collects carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, preprocesses the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification, and transmits the preprocessed data to the storage module;

[0012] The storage module is connected to the data acquisition and processing module. The storage module decodes the carbon emission data pre-processed by the data acquisition and processing module, and uses the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data and check the integrity and consistency of the data. After the verification is passed, a hash function is selected to hash the data. The hash value generated is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data.

[0013] The accounting module is connected to the storage module to calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate a carbon footprint emission report and a carbon accounting report;

[0014] The accounting module includes the carbon footprint accounting unit and the carbon accounting unit. The accounting methods include the emission factor method, the mass balance method and the actual measurement method.

[0015] The carbon footprint accounting unit and blockchain storage unit determine the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, and use accounting methods to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain. The accounting results are verified by internal audits and external expert reviews, and a carbon footprint emission report is generated based on the verification results. The carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution in each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0016] The carbon accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit select carbon accounting standards, use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generate carbon accounting statements; carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon transactions;

[0017] The carbon asset management module is connected to the storage module and the accounting module. Based on the data stored in the storage module, the carbon footprint emission report and the carbon accounting report, the carbon asset optimization plan is dynamically updated using data analysis technology and optimization algorithms.

[0018] Preferably, the storage module includes a data processing unit and a blockchain storage unit;

[0019] The data processing unit decodes the carbon emission data pre-processed by the data acquisition and processing module and restores it to a parseable plaintext data format. The decoded carbon emission data is verified through integrity check, consistency verification, and conflict arbitration verification methods. Once the verification is passed, the SHA-256 or Keccak-256 hash function is selected to perform a hash operation on the verified carbon emission data to generate a hash value.

[0020] The blockchain storage unit is connected to the data processing unit and uses distributed ledger technology to build a blockchain. The block is the basic unit in the blockchain. The block contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data, and the block with the latest carbon emission data is placed at the end of the blockchain.

[0021] Prioritize, the working process of the carbon footprint accounting unit includes: clarifying the accounting boundaries through the organizational boundaries and emission scope determined by the operational control method, determining the accounting method in combination with industry standards, using smart contracts to automatically verify data logic, quantifying the carbon emission data stored on the blockchain, and verifying the calculation results through a double audit mechanism. The double audit mechanism includes internal audit and external expert review, and generating a carbon footprint emission report based on the verification results. The carbon footprint report uses blockchain technology to realize the storage of structured data on the chain. The carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution in each stage and emission reduction measures.

[0022] Prior to this, the working process of the carbon accounting unit includes: accounting for carbon emission data in the blockchain storage unit through the emission factor method or the mass balance method. During the accounting process, the trusted emission factor library on the blockchain is called for calculation, and the carbon accounting statements generated by the triple-entry accounting method are used. The carbon accounting statements use blockchain technology to realize the storage of structured data on the chain. The carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities and carbon transactions.

[0023] First, the hash function SHA-256 is represented as:

[0024] H=SHA-256(Concat(Norm(D),TimeWeight(D),S));

[0025] Where: D is carbon emission data, including timestamp and carbon emission amount, H is the output 256-bit hash value, Norm() is the data normalization processing function, TimeWeight() is the timestamp weighting function, and S is a random string.

[0026] Prioritized, total carbon emissions are expressed as:

[0027] TCE=∑DCE+∑ICE+∑SCE;

[0028] Among them, TCE is total carbon emissions, DCE is direct carbon emissions, ICE is indirect carbon emissions, and SCE is supply chain carbon emissions;

[0029] Direct carbon emissions are expressed as:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, c iis the measured direct carbon emissions, a i is the process type correction factor, b i is the combustion efficiency factor, and i is the number of times direct carbon emissions are measured.

[0032] Prioritized, carbon assets are represented by:

[0033] CA = ICA + CE + PCA - SCA;

[0034] Among them, CA is carbon assets, ICA is initial carbon quota, CE is carbon emission reduction, PCA is purchased carbon quota, and SCA is sold carbon quota;

[0035] The carbon debt is expressed as:

[0036] CL = TCE-CA;

[0037] Among them, CL is carbon liability;

[0038] Carbon trading is expressed as:

[0039] CTN = PCA-SCA;

[0040] Among them, CTN is the net amount of carbon trading, PCA is the carbon quota purchased, and SCA is the carbon quota sold.

[0041] Preferably, an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system further includes: a blockchain authentication module;

[0042] The blockchain authentication module is connected to the storage module and the accounting module to verify and authenticate the carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

[0043] Preferably, an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system further includes: an interaction module;

[0044] The interactive module is connected with the carbon asset management module and the blockchain authentication module to display carbon footprint data, carbon asset information, carbon accounting results and authentication information.

[0045] An intelligent carbon asset management and accounting method specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] S1: Collect carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices and preprocess the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption, and verification;

[0047] S2: Decode the pre-processed carbon emission data and verify the decoded carbon emission data using the smart contract function of the blockchain to check the integrity and consistency of the data. After verification, a hash function is selected to hash the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data.

[0048] S3: Calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate a carbon footprint emission report and carbon accounting report;

[0049] S31: Determine the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, apply accounting methods to calculate the carbon emissions data on the blockchain, verify the accounting results through internal audits and external expert reviews, and generate a carbon footprint emissions report based on the verification results; the carbon footprint emissions report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emissions distribution at each stage, and emission reduction measures;

[0050] S32: Select a carbon accounting standard, apply the accounting method to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generate a carbon accounting report; the carbon accounting report includes carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon transactions;

[0051] S4: Based on carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements, use data analysis technology and optimization algorithms to dynamically update carbon asset optimization plans;

[0052] S5: Verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

[0053] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system, which has the following beneficial effects: The beneficial effects of the intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system can be summarized as follows:

[0054] (1) The present invention realizes the real-time collection of carbon emission data through IoT sensors, and combines it with automatic verification and accounting of smart contracts, which greatly reduces manual intervention, improves data timeliness, and avoids the lag and errors of traditional manual reporting.

[0055] (2) The application of blockchain technology (hash chain, distributed ledger) in the present invention ensures that data cannot be tampered with, and all operations (collection, verification, and accounting) are traceable, meeting the transparency requirements of regulatory audits.

[0056] (3) The present invention ensures accuracy and compliance in accounting, supports multi-standard accounting methods (emission factor method, mass balance method, etc.) and international carbon accounting standards (such as GHG Protocol), and combines the authoritative emission factor library stored in the blockchain to ensure that the results are in line with international standards and enhance the credibility of the report.

[0057] (4) The present invention combines business collaboration and asset optimization. The carbon asset management module generates the optimal emission reduction plan through dynamic analysis, links carbon asset / liability data, assists enterprises in making carbon trading decisions (such as the timing of quota purchase and sale), and reduces compliance costs.

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 A flow chart of an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting method in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between modules of an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0062] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0063] The words “include” or “comprising” and similar words used in the present invention mean that the elements before the word include the elements listed after the word, and do not exclude the possibility of also including other elements. The orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms “inside”, “outside”, “upper”, “lower”, etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly. In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms such as “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral whole; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] Example

[0065] An intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system, such as Figure 2 As shown, it includes a data acquisition and processing module, a storage module, a carbon asset management module and an accounting module.

[0066] The data acquisition and processing module collects carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, preprocesses the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification, and transmits the preprocessed data to the storage module.

[0067] The storage module is connected to the data acquisition and processing module. The storage module decodes the carbon emission data pre-processed by the data acquisition and processing module, and uses the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data and check the integrity and consistency of the data. After the verification is passed, a hash function is selected to hash the data. The hash value generated is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data.

[0068] The storage module includes a data processing unit and a blockchain storage unit.

[0069] The data processing unit will decode the carbon emission data pre-processed by the data acquisition and processing module, restore it to a parsable plaintext data format, and verify the decoded carbon emission data through integrity verification, consistency verification and conflict arbitration verification methods. After the verification is passed, the SHA-256 or Keccak-256 hash function is selected to perform hash operation on the verified carbon emission data to generate a hash value.

[0070] The hash function SHA-256 is expressed as:

[0071] H=SHA-256(Concat(Norm(D),TimeWeight(D),S));

[0072] Where: D is carbon emission data, including timestamp and carbon emission amount, H is the output 256-bit hash value, Norm() is the data normalization processing function, TimeWeight() is the timestamp weighting function, and S is a random string.

[0073] The blockchain storage unit is connected to the data processing unit and uses distributed ledger technology to build a blockchain. The block is the basic unit in the blockchain. The block contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data, and the block with the latest carbon emission data is placed at the end of the blockchain.

[0074] The accounting module is connected to the storage module to calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate a carbon footprint emission report and a carbon accounting report.

[0075] The accounting module includes the carbon footprint accounting unit and the carbon accounting unit, and the accounting methods include the emission factor method, the mass balance method and the actual measurement method.

[0076] Carbon footprint accounting unit and blockchain storage unit. The carbon footprint accounting unit determines the accounting boundary, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, uses accounting methods to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain, and uses internal audits and external expert reviews to verify the accounting results. A carbon footprint emission report is generated based on the verification results; the carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution in each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0077] The working process of the carbon footprint accounting unit includes: clarifying the accounting boundaries through the organizational boundaries and emission scope determined by the operational control method, determining the accounting method in combination with industry standards, using smart contracts to automatically verify data logic, and quantifying the carbon emission data stored on the blockchain. The calculation results are verified through a double audit mechanism, which includes internal audits and external expert reviews. A carbon footprint emission report is generated based on the verification results. The carbon footprint report uses blockchain technology to realize the storage of structured data on the chain. The carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution in each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0078] Total carbon emissions are expressed as:

[0079] TCE=∑DCE+∑ICE+∑SCE;

[0080] Among them, TCE is total carbon emissions, DCE is direct carbon emissions, ICE is indirect carbon emissions, and SCE is supply chain carbon emissions;

[0081] Direct carbon emissions are expressed as:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, c i is the measured direct carbon emissions, a i is the process type correction factor, b i is the combustion efficiency factor, and i is the number of times direct carbon emissions are measured.

[0084] The carbon accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit, the carbon accounting unit selects the carbon accounting standard, uses the accounting method to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generates a carbon accounting report; the carbon accounting report includes carbon assets, carbon liabilities and carbon transactions.

[0085] The working process of the carbon accounting unit includes: accounting for carbon emission data in the blockchain storage unit through the emission factor method or the mass balance method. During the accounting process, the trusted emission factor library on the blockchain is called for calculation, and the carbon accounting report is generated using the triple-entry accounting method. The carbon accounting report uses blockchain technology to realize the storage of structured data on the chain. The carbon accounting report includes carbon assets, carbon liabilities and carbon transactions.

[0086] Carbon assets are expressed as:

[0087] CA = ICA + CE + PCA - SCA;

[0088] Among them, CA is carbon assets, ICA is initial carbon quota, CE is carbon emission reduction, PCA is purchased carbon quota, and SCA is sold carbon quota;

[0089] The carbon debt is expressed as:

[0090] CL = TCE-CA;

[0091] Among them, CL is carbon liability;

[0092] Carbon trading is expressed as:

[0093] CTN = PCA-SCA;

[0094] Among them, CTN is the net amount of carbon trading, PCA is the carbon quota purchased, and SCA is the carbon quota sold.

[0095] The carbon asset management module is connected to the storage module and the accounting module. Based on the data stored in the storage module, the carbon footprint emission report and the carbon accounting report, the carbon asset optimization plan is dynamically updated using data analysis technology and optimization algorithms.

[0096] Example 1

[0097] An intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system also includes a blockchain authentication module.

[0098] The blockchain authentication module connects with the storage and accounting modules to verify and authenticate carbon emissions data, carbon footprint reports, and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain. Leveraging the blockchain's immutable nature, carbon footprint data is authenticated to ensure its authenticity and credibility. Smart contracts automate carbon asset transactions and updates carbon emissions data, improving transaction efficiency and data management transparency. A blockchain browser function is provided to facilitate businesses, regulators, and consumers in accessing product carbon footprint information and carbon asset transaction records.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] An intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system also includes an interactive module.

[0101] The interactive module is connected with the carbon asset management module and the blockchain authentication module to display carbon footprint data, carbon asset information, carbon accounting results and authentication information.

[0102] The interactive module in this application serves as the core interface for user interaction with the system. It is closely integrated with the carbon asset management module and the blockchain authentication module, enabling efficient information transmission and display. Through the interactive module, users can intuitively view carbon footprint data, including the carbon emission trajectory of a product throughout its life cycle, carbon emissions at each stage, and analysis of high-carbon emission stages. The interactive module also displays carbon asset information, such as a company's carbon allowances, carbon credit balances, the progress of carbon reduction projects, and the market value of carbon assets. Furthermore, carbon accounting results are presented through the interactive module, including a company's total carbon emissions, carbon reductions, the financial value of carbon assets, and the generated carbon accounting report. Blockchain authentication information is also displayed in the interactive module, including the blockchain authentication status of carbon footprint data, smart contract execution records, and blockchain records of carbon asset transactions. This interactive design not only improves information transparency and accessibility but also provides corporate decision-makers with a comprehensive carbon management perspective, enabling them to develop more scientific and effective carbon reduction strategies and carbon asset management plans.

[0103] Example 3

[0104] An intelligent carbon asset management and accounting method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0105] S1: Collect carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices and preprocess the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption, and verification;

[0106] S2: Decode the pre-processed carbon emission data and verify the decoded carbon emission data using the smart contract function of the blockchain to check the integrity and consistency of the data. After verification, a hash function is selected to hash the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data.

[0107] S3: Calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate a carbon footprint emission report and carbon accounting report;

[0108] S31: Determine the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, apply accounting methods to calculate the carbon emissions data on the blockchain, verify the accounting results through internal audits and external expert reviews, and generate a carbon footprint emissions report based on the verification results; the carbon footprint emissions report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emissions distribution at each stage, and emission reduction measures;

[0109] S32: Select a carbon accounting standard, apply the accounting method to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generate a carbon accounting report; the carbon accounting report includes carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon transactions;

[0110] S4: Based on carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements, use data analysis technology and optimization algorithms to dynamically update carbon asset optimization plans;

[0111] S5: Verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

[0112] Example 4

[0113] This embodiment applies the intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system of this application to the power grid sector, focusing on real-time monitoring and accounting of carbon emissions, as well as the effective management of carbon assets. Through this system, power grid companies can accurately track and manage carbon emissions throughout the entire process, from power generation and transmission to distribution and consumption, improving the efficiency and credibility of carbon asset management.

[0114] The main steps are as follows:

[0115] First, carbon emissions data collection and preprocessing: IoT sensors and smart devices are deployed at key grid nodes, such as power plants, substations, transmission lines, and user terminals, to collect real-time carbon emissions data. This data includes key parameters such as power generation, fuel consumption, and power transmission losses. These data form the basis for subsequent carbon emissions accounting.

[0116] Collected carbon emissions data is cleaned, formatted, encrypted, and verified to ensure accuracy, integrity, and security. The pre-processed data is verified using blockchain's smart contract functionality to check its integrity and consistency. Once verified, the data will be used for subsequent carbon emissions accounting.

[0117] Second, storage operation: decode the pre-processed carbon emission data, use the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data, check the integrity and consistency of the data, and after verification, select a hash function to hash the data to generate a hash value. Use distributed ledger technology to build a blockchain. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header contains: the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The hash value of the previous block ensures the unbreakable association between blocks through a chain structure; the hash value of the current block is generated by all the hashed carbon emission data in this block through a Merkle tree to achieve efficient data verification; timestamp: accurately record the time when the data is uploaded to the chain, providing time series evidence for subsequent audits. The block stores specific carbon emission data records, including: power generation side carbon emission data, power transmission and distribution carbon emission data, and user side carbon emission data. Among them, power generation side carbon emission data includes CO2 emissions of coal-fired units, equivalent emission reductions of photovoltaic power stations, etc.; power transmission and distribution carbon emission data includes carbon emission intensity corresponding to line losses; user side carbon emission data includes enterprise electricity consumption data.

[0118] Third, carbon emissions accounting and report generation

[0119] Carbon emission accounting: Calculate the carbon emission data stored in the system according to industry standards and accounting methods, and generate carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements.

[0120] Carbon footprint emission report: includes information such as total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution in each stage, and emission reduction measures.

[0121] Carbon accounting statements: include financial information such as carbon assets, carbon liabilities and carbon trading.

[0122] Report Review and Release: The generated report undergoes internal review and external expert review to ensure its accuracy and credibility. Once approved, the report will be officially released for use by power grid companies and relevant departments.

[0123] Fourth, Carbon Asset Management and Optimization

[0124] Carbon asset management: Establish a carbon asset management system to count, calculate, develop, and trade the carbon assets of power grid companies. This includes developing scientific emission reduction plans, participating in carbon quota trading, or purchasing carbon offset mechanisms.

[0125] Carbon asset optimization: Based on carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports, and carbon accounting statements, we use data analysis techniques and optimization algorithms to dynamically update carbon asset optimization plans. This helps power grid companies achieve carbon emission reduction targets and improve carbon asset management efficiency.

[0126] Fifth, blockchain authentication

[0127] Blockchain technology is used to store carbon emissions data, carbon footprint reports, and carbon accounting statements, ensuring data immutability and traceability. Furthermore, blockchain's distributed ledger technology enables the traceability and tracking of carbon emissions data. This helps power grid companies quickly locate data sources and verify data authenticity when needed.

[0128] Through the above steps, the application of intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system in the power grid field has the following advantages:

[0129] (1) Improve carbon emission management efficiency: Through real-time monitoring, accounting and optimization, the system significantly improves the carbon emission management efficiency of power grid companies and reduces carbon emission intensity.

[0130] (2) Enhanced data credibility: The application of blockchain technology ensures the immutability and traceability of carbon emission data, and enhances the credibility and public trust of the data.

[0131] (3) Promoting low-carbon development: The system provides grid companies with scientific carbon emission reduction plans and optimization suggestions, promoting the construction and development of low-carbon power grids. At the same time, the green electricity certification and trading mechanism promotes the consumption and application of clean energy, helping to achieve carbon neutrality goals.

[0132] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system and method to solve the problem of opaque carbon footprint tracking by storing data on the blockchain; realizes carbon footprint and carbon accounting through the accounting module, simplifies the accounting process and improves the credibility of the data; realizes intelligent carbon asset management through the carbon asset management module, and provides corresponding optimization solutions to improve management efficiency.

[0133] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system, characterized by: It includes data acquisition and processing module, storage module, carbon asset management module and accounting module; The data acquisition and processing module collects carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices, preprocesses the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption and verification, and transmits the preprocessed data to the storage module; The storage module is connected to the data acquisition and processing module. The storage module decodes the carbon emission data pre-processed by the data acquisition and processing module, and uses the smart contract function of the blockchain to verify the decoded carbon emission data and check the integrity and consistency of the data. After the verification is passed, a hash function is selected to hash the data. The hash value generated is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data. The accounting module is connected to the storage module to calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate a carbon footprint emission report and a carbon accounting report; The accounting module includes the carbon footprint accounting unit and the carbon accounting unit. The accounting methods include the emission factor method, the mass balance method and the actual measurement method. The carbon footprint accounting unit and blockchain storage unit determine the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, and use accounting methods to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain. The accounting results are verified by internal audits and external expert reviews, and a carbon footprint emission report is generated based on the verification results. The carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution in each stage, and emission reduction measures. The carbon accounting unit and the blockchain storage unit select carbon accounting standards, use accounting methods to calculate carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generate carbon accounting statements; carbon accounting statements include carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon transactions; The carbon asset management module is connected to the storage module and the accounting module. Based on the data stored in the storage module, the carbon footprint emission report and the carbon accounting report, the carbon asset optimization plan is dynamically updated using data analysis technology and optimization algorithms.

2. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage module includes a data processing unit and a blockchain storage unit; The data processing unit decodes the carbon emission data pre-processed by the data acquisition and processing module and restores it to a parseable plaintext data format. The decoded carbon emission data is verified through integrity check, consistency verification, and conflict arbitration verification methods. Once the verification is passed, the SHA-256 or Keccak-256 hash function is selected to perform a hash operation on the verified carbon emission data to generate a hash value. The blockchain storage unit is connected to the data processing unit and uses distributed ledger technology to build a blockchain. The block is the basic unit in the blockchain. The block contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data, and the block with the latest carbon emission data is placed at the end of the blockchain.

3. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The working process of the carbon footprint accounting unit includes: clarifying the accounting boundaries through the organizational boundaries and emission scope determined by the operational control method, determining the accounting method in combination with industry standards, using smart contracts to automatically verify data logic, and quantifying the carbon emission data stored on the blockchain. The calculation results are verified through a double audit mechanism, which includes internal audits and external expert reviews. A carbon footprint emission report is generated based on the verification results. The carbon footprint report uses blockchain technology to realize the storage of structured data on the chain. The carbon footprint emission report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emission distribution in each stage, and emission reduction measures.

4. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The working process of the carbon accounting unit includes: accounting for carbon emission data in the blockchain storage unit through the emission factor method or the mass balance method. During the accounting process, the trusted emission factor library on the blockchain is called for calculation, and the carbon accounting report is generated using the triple-entry accounting method. The carbon accounting report uses blockchain technology to realize the storage of structured data on the chain. The carbon accounting report includes carbon assets, carbon liabilities and carbon transactions.

5. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hash function SHA-256 is expressed as: H=SHA-256(Concat(Norm(D),TimeWeight(D),S)); Where: D is carbon emission data, including timestamp and carbon emission amount, H is the output 256-bit hash value, Norm() is the data normalization processing function, TimeWeight() is the timestamp weighting function, and S is a random string.

6. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Total carbon emissions are expressed as: TCE=∑DCE+∑ICE+∑SCE; Among them, TCE is total carbon emissions, DCE is direct carbon emissions, ICE is indirect carbon emissions, and SCE is supply chain carbon emissions; Direct carbon emissions are expressed as: Where, ci is the measured direct carbon emissions, a i is the process type correction factor, b i is the combustion efficiency factor, and i is the number of times direct carbon emissions are measured.

7. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Carbon assets are expressed as: CA = ICA + CE + PCA - SCA; Among them, CA is carbon assets, ICA is initial carbon quota, CE is carbon emission reduction, PCA is purchased carbon quota, and SCA is sold carbon quota; The carbon debt is expressed as: CL = TCE-CA; Among them, CL is carbon liability; Carbon trading is expressed as: CTN = PCA-SCA; Among them, CTN is the net amount of carbon trading, PCA is the carbon quota purchased, and SCA is the carbon quota sold.

8. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Blockchain authentication module; The blockchain authentication module is connected to the storage module and the accounting module to verify and authenticate the carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

9. The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: Interaction module; The interactive module is connected with the carbon asset management module and the blockchain authentication module to display carbon footprint data, carbon asset information, carbon accounting results and authentication information.

10. A method for an intelligent carbon asset management and accounting system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The intelligent carbon asset management and accounting method specifically includes the following steps: S1: Collect carbon emission data in real time through IoT sensors or smart devices and preprocess the collected carbon emission data, including cleaning, formatting, encryption, and verification; S2: Decode the pre-processed carbon emission data and verify the decoded carbon emission data using the smart contract function of the blockchain to check the integrity and consistency of the data. After verification, a hash function is selected to hash the data. The generated hash value is used to build a blockchain using distributed ledger technology. Each block in the blockchain contains a block header and a block body. The block header includes the hash value of the previous block, the hash value of the current block, and a timestamp. The block body is used to store carbon emission data. S3: Calculate the carbon emission data stored in the storage module and generate a carbon footprint emission report and carbon accounting report; S31: Determine the accounting boundaries, including the scope of direct and indirect carbon emissions, apply accounting methods to calculate the carbon emissions data on the blockchain, verify the accounting results through internal audits and external expert reviews, and generate a carbon footprint emissions report based on the verification results; the carbon footprint emissions report includes total carbon emissions, carbon emissions distribution at each stage, and emission reduction measures; S32: Select a carbon accounting standard, apply the accounting method to calculate the carbon emission data on the blockchain, and generate a carbon accounting report; the carbon accounting report includes carbon assets, carbon liabilities, and carbon transactions; S4: Based on carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements, use data analysis technology and optimization algorithms to dynamically update carbon asset optimization plans; S5: Verify and authenticate carbon emission data, carbon footprint emission reports and carbon accounting statements stored on the blockchain.

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