A multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis system and method. The solution of the present application uses a drive module deployed on each photovoltaic panel side to obtain real-time drive motor current data, photovoltaic component real-time angle and transmission component temperature through a control unit, and realizes local closed-loop control based on a preset control model. It enables each photovoltaic panel to make rapid adjustments based on its own real-time operating status. The distributed coordination control module divides the area according to the physical layout of the photovoltaic array and sets a regional coordination unit, which is connected to the drive module in the area through a wired communication module. The regional coordination unit summarizes the status data of each photovoltaic panel in the area, and dynamically adjusts the drive strategy according to the angle deviation and current difference of adjacent photovoltaic panels to achieve coordinated control within the area. It can effectively balance the operating differences between the photovoltaic panels in the area and further improve the power generation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a multi-point driven photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis system and method. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation, as a green and environmentally friendly method of energy generation, has been widely used and rapidly developed. In solar photovoltaic power generation systems, the photovoltaic mounting system is key to ensuring the efficiency of photovoltaic panels and the stable operation of the system. Currently, photovoltaic mounting systems often use a centralized control method, which uses a single central controller to uniformly manage and control the mounting drive units of the entire photovoltaic array. During actual operation, the central controller collects data based on preset programs or limited environmental parameters and sends control instructions to each photovoltaic mounting drive unit, driving the photovoltaic panels to adjust their angles to achieve sunlight tracking.

[0003] Photovoltaic arrays are often large in scale and complex in layout. When working, photovoltaic panels in different areas are affected by factors such as geographical location and surrounding environment, and face significant differences in lighting conditions and ambient temperature. Centralized control lacks an effective regional coordination mechanism, making it difficult to accurately adapt to the specific conditions of photovoltaic panels in each area. For example, in the same photovoltaic array, some areas may have weak light due to obstruction by buildings, while other areas have sufficient light. The unified control instructions of the central controller cannot meet the personalized needs of photovoltaic panels in each area, making it impossible for photovoltaic panels in each area to fully realize their power generation potential, resulting in reduced overall power generation efficiency and difficulty in ensuring coordination between regions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the existing centralized control method and develop a photovoltaic support system that can achieve precise control and efficient fault diagnosis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, in one aspect of the present invention, a multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis system is disclosed, comprising:

[0005] A drive module, deployed on each photovoltaic panel side, includes a control unit and a two-way communication interface unit. The control unit is used to obtain current data of the drive motor, the real-time angle of the photovoltaic module, and the temperature of the transmission component, and implement local closed-loop control based on a preset control model;

[0006] The distributed coordination control module divides the system into several control areas based on the physical layout of the photovoltaic array. Each control area is equipped with at least one regional coordination unit, which is connected to the drive module in the area through a wired communication module. The regional coordination unit is used to summarize the status data of each photovoltaic panel in the area and dynamically adjust the drive strategy based on the angle deviation and current difference of adjacent photovoltaic panels to achieve coordinated control within the area.

[0007] The monitoring platform communicates with the coordination units in each area, receives status data from each area, identifies fault types based on current deviation and temperature change trends, and generates corresponding operation and maintenance instructions.

[0008] The regional coordination unit implements a coordinated control strategy within the region: when the angle deviation between two adjacent photovoltaic panels exceeds 0.5° or the current difference exceeds 5%, a compensation adjustment instruction is generated. The specific control method is as follows:

[0009] Based on the real-time angle values ​​of two adjacent photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel with the larger relative angle value will be adjusted back at a rate higher than the reference speed, and the photovoltaic panel with the smaller relative angle value will be adjusted back at a rate lower than the reference speed, until the angle deviation between the two is ≤0.5°;

[0010] Based on the real-time current values ​​of two adjacent photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel with the larger current value runs at a rate lower than the benchmark speed, and the photovoltaic panel with the smaller current value runs at a rate higher than the benchmark speed until the current difference between the two is ≤5%; this achieves angle consistency and load balancing control of the photovoltaic panels in the area.

[0011] In a specific solution, the bidirectional communication interface unit is used to send its own status data packet to the adjacent nodes in a broadcast form; and to perform point-to-point communication with the designated adjacent nodes according to the scheduling instructions of the regional coordination unit.

[0012] In one embodiment, the control unit of each driving module includes a random number generating unit and a communication time slot adjusting unit, wherein the random number generating unit is used to generate a real-time random coefficient λ;

[0013] The communication time slot adjustment unit is used to add a random offset to the start time of the communication transmission phase to prevent multiple nodes in the array from simultaneously occupying the communication bus.

[0014] The control unit of the driving module further includes a driving adjustment unit, which is configured to generate a driving speed compensation coefficient according to a real-time random coefficient λ when the angle deviation of adjacent photovoltaic panels is within a preset threshold range.

[0015] When the angle deviation between adjacent photovoltaic panels is in the range of 0.2°-0.5°, the adjustment of the driving speed compensation coefficient includes: a forward adjustment coefficient k=1.2±0.1×λ, and a reverse adjustment coefficient k=0.8±0.1×λ.

[0016] When the control unit detects data collision on the wired CAN bus or the wireless Mesh network, it calculates the backoff time according to the exponential backoff algorithm of random numbers.

[0017] The calculation formula of the backoff time is:

[0018] ;

[0019] in, is the number of collisions, is a uniformly distributed random number in the range 0-1.

[0020] On the other hand, the present application also discloses a multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis method, comprising the following steps:

[0021] A drive module is deployed on each photovoltaic panel side. The control unit in the drive module collects current data of the drive motor, the real-time angle of the photovoltaic module, and the temperature of the transmission components, and performs local closed-loop control based on a preset control model to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel;

[0022] The distributed coordination control module divides the entire system into several control areas based on the physical layout of the photovoltaic array. Each control area is equipped with at least one regional coordination unit, which is connected to each driver module in the area through a wired communication module. It aggregates the status data of the photovoltaic panels in the area and dynamically adjusts the control strategy of each driver module based on the angle deviation and current difference between adjacent photovoltaic panels to achieve coordinated tracking control within the area.

[0023] The monitoring platform communicates with the regional coordination units, receives and centrally processes status data from each region, identifies fault types based on cross-regional current deviations and temperature change trends, and generates corresponding operation and maintenance instructions, which are sent to the corresponding regional coordination units or drive modules to achieve remote monitoring and fault response of the system.

[0024] The solution of the present application uses a drive module deployed on each photovoltaic panel side to obtain the drive motor current data, the real-time angle of the photovoltaic module, and the temperature of the transmission components through a control unit, and realizes local closed-loop control based on a preset control model. It enables each photovoltaic panel to quickly make adjustments based on its own real-time operating status. The distributed coordination control module divides the area according to the physical layout of the photovoltaic array and sets up a regional coordination unit, which is connected to the drive module in the area through a wired communication module. The regional coordination unit summarizes the status data of each photovoltaic panel in the area, and dynamically adjusts the drive strategy according to the angle deviation and current difference of adjacent photovoltaic panels to achieve coordinated control in the area. It can effectively balance the operating differences between the photovoltaic panels in the area and further improve the power generation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is an architectural diagram of a multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication between the monitoring platform, the regional coordination unit, and the driving module in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the information interaction and workflow between the driving module, regional coordination unit and monitoring platform in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis method in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] The terms "including" and other similar expressions in the specification or claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such as a process, method or system, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units.

[0031] Example 1: Figure 1 As shown, a multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis system includes:

[0032] The drive module 100 is deployed on each photovoltaic panel side and includes a control unit and a two-way communication interface unit 120. The control unit is used to obtain current data of the drive motor, the real-time angle of the photovoltaic module, and the temperature of the transmission components, and implement local closed-loop control based on a preset control model;

[0033] The distributed coordination control module 200 divides the system into several control areas according to the physical layout of the photovoltaic array. Each control area is provided with at least one regional coordination unit. The regional coordination unit is connected to the drive module in the area through a wired communication module. The regional coordination unit is used to summarize the status data of each photovoltaic panel in the area and dynamically adjust the drive strategy according to the angle deviation and current difference of adjacent photovoltaic panels to achieve coordinated control within the area. In a specific scheme, the two-way communication interface unit includes the following during the communication transmission process: sending its own status data packet to adjacent nodes in the form of broadcast; and conducting point-to-point communication with designated adjacent nodes according to the scheduling instructions of the regional coordination unit.

[0034] The monitoring platform 300 is in communication with the regional coordination units, receives status data from each region, identifies fault types based on current deviation and temperature change trends, and generates corresponding operation and maintenance instructions.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the driving module collects the driving motor current, the real-time angle of the photovoltaic module, and the temperature data of the transmission component, and sends them to the regional coordination unit; receives the compensation adjustment instruction of the regional coordination unit, performs the adjustment, and feeds back the adjusted state to the regional coordination unit;

[0036] The regional coordination unit receives and summarizes the current, angle, and temperature data of the drive module, generates compensation adjustment instructions based on the angle deviation and current difference of adjacent photovoltaic panels, and sends them to the drive module; the status data summary and fault diagnosis results are sent to the monitoring platform.

[0037] The monitoring platform receives the status data summary and fault diagnosis results of the regional coordination unit, identifies the fault type and generates operation and maintenance instructions

[0038] Among them, the driving motor current data is used to reflect the motor load status and to judge whether the mechanical transmission is stuck, overloaded, or other abnormalities; the real-time angle data of the photovoltaic module is collected through the inclination sensor and is used to track the sun's position to ensure that the photovoltaic panel is facing the optimal angle; the transmission component temperature data is used to reflect the heating conditions of components such as gears and bearings to prevent overheating damage.

[0039] The drive module independently adjusts the tracking angle of a single photovoltaic panel based on a preset control model, such as the PID control model, without relying on upper-level instructions, and has a relatively fast response speed.

[0040] The two-way communication interface unit is used to realize two-way data interaction with the regional coordination unit (uploading status data and receiving adjustment instructions).

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the number of regional coordination units and driver modules is N, where N is a positive integer and 'N' serves as a serial number to distinguish different regional coordination units and corresponding driver modules. For example, regional coordination unit 1 and driver module 1 form a corresponding working unit, responsible for a specific function or regional control. Regional coordination unit 2 and driver module 2 are responsible for another part of the work, and so on. The specific number N can be flexibly adjusted based on the scale and complexity of the control area and actual functional requirements. To improve system reliability, each driver module communicates with the regional coordination unit via the CAN bus. For areas with complex terrain or difficult wired deployment, wireless communication modules are integrated into the driver modules to build a mesh self-organizing network.

[0042] The distributed coordinated control module is used to implement regional-level control. It divides the control area according to the physical layout of the photovoltaic array (such as grouping by rows and columns) to achieve coordinated control and strategy optimization of the photovoltaic panels in the area.

[0043] Each control area is equipped with at least one regional coordination unit, which is connected to all drive modules in the area through a wired communication module (such as RS485, CAN bus) to ensure communication stability (stronger anti-interference compared to wireless communication).

[0044] Dynamically adjust the driving strategy including:

[0045] Analyze the angle deviation of adjacent photovoltaic panels: If the angle of a panel deviates significantly from the surrounding area, it may be caused by mechanical failure or tracking error, triggering local calibration.

[0046] Compare the current differences between adjacent drive modules: Abnormally increased current may indicate wear of transmission components or uneven load. Coordinate and adjust drive parameters (such as torque and speed) to balance the load in the area.

[0047] Through intra-regional collaboration, "shadow occlusion" (such as the abnormal angle of the front photovoltaic panels occluding the back rows) is reduced, the overall power generation efficiency is improved, and the equipment life is extended through load balancing.

[0048] The monitoring platform is used to receive status data uploaded by each regional coordination unit and record the operation database of the entire power station to support real-time monitoring and historical trend analysis.

[0049] Its fault type identification includes: Identification based on current deviation: Abnormal current fluctuations (such as continuously above the threshold) may indicate motor failure, transmission system jamming or electrical connection problems;

[0050] Identification based on temperature change trends: A sudden rise in the temperature of transmission components or a sustained high temperature may indicate hidden dangers such as insufficient lubrication and increased mechanical wear.

[0051] The monitoring platform uses algorithms (such as machine learning models) to identify patterns in data and distinguish fault types (such as mechanical failure, electrical failure, and sensor anomalies), reducing manual misjudgment. It automatically generates maintenance tasks based on the fault type (such as dispatching a task to maintenance personnel and triggering automatic calibration procedures) and tracks the execution status of these tasks, improving maintenance efficiency.

[0052] In this embodiment, the driver module uses local closed-loop control to achieve real-time tracking of individual photovoltaic panels, ensuring stable basic functionality. The regional coordination unit dynamically adjusts its strategy based on data from adjacent devices to address issues such as local shading and uneven loads, achieving "small-scale self-optimization."

[0053] The monitoring platform identifies systemic risks through cross-regional data integration.

[0054] In one embodiment, the regional coordination unit determines whether coordinated control is needed by monitoring the angular deviation of adjacent photovoltaic panels and the difference in drive motor current in real time. The regional coordination unit implements a coordinated control strategy within the region: when the angular deviation of two adjacent photovoltaic panels exceeds 0.5° or the current difference exceeds 5%, a compensation adjustment instruction is generated. The specific control method is as follows:

[0055] Based on the real-time angle values ​​of two adjacent photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel with the larger relative angle value will be adjusted back at a rate higher than the reference speed, and the photovoltaic panel with the smaller relative angle value will be adjusted back at a rate lower than the reference speed, until the angle deviation between the two is ≤0.5°;

[0056] Based on the real-time current values ​​of two adjacent photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel with the larger current value runs at a rate lower than the benchmark speed, and the photovoltaic panel with the smaller current value runs at a rate higher than the benchmark speed until the current difference between the two is ≤5%; this achieves angle consistency and load balancing control of the photovoltaic panels in the area.

[0057] Exemplarily, the above control process includes:

[0058] The relative angle deviation is calculated based on the real-time angle values ​​of two adjacent boards (i.e., the current actual angles). The board with the larger angle is labeled "Board A" and the board with the smaller angle is labeled "Board B."

[0059] If plate A (large angle), it will be called back at a rate higher than the base speed (accelerated rotation towards a smaller angle) to quickly reduce the angle difference;

[0060] If plate B (small angle), follow up at a rate lower than the reference speed (slow down and rotate in the direction of larger angle) to avoid overshoot caused by excessive adjustment.

[0061] Assuming the baseline tracking speed is 1° / min, and the angle of board A is 1° greater than that of board B, board A will retract at a rate of 1.5° / min, and board B will follow at a rate of 0.5° / min until the deviation between the two is ≤ 0.5°. Continue adjusting until the angle deviation is ≤ 0.5°, then resume normal tracking speed.

[0062] The asymmetric strategy of "quickly adjusting large-angle panels and slowly adjusting small-angle panels" can reduce angle oscillation during the adjustment process and improve convergence efficiency; priority is given to ensuring that panels with larger angles are quickly adjusted to avoid blocking the rear panels, thereby maximizing the overall light-receiving area in the area.

[0063] The relative current difference is calculated based on the real-time current values ​​of two adjacent photovoltaic panels. The panel with the higher current is labeled "Panel C" and the panel with the lower current is labeled "Panel D."

[0064] If plate C (high current), run at a rate lower than the base speed (decelerate rotation) to reduce the motor load;

[0065] If plate D (low current), it will run at a rate higher than the reference speed (accelerated rotation) to balance the load in the area.

[0066] Assuming the baseline tracking speed is 1° / min and the current of plate C is 8% higher than that of plate D, plate C should be operated at 0.8° / min and plate D at 1.2° / min until the current difference is ≤5%. Continue adjusting until the current difference is ≤5% to restore normal tracking speed.

[0067] By adjusting the speed to indirectly change the mechanical load, a motor can be prevented from being overloaded for a long time.

[0068] Embodiment 2: The control unit of each driving module includes a random number generation unit and a communication time slot adjustment unit. The random number generation unit is used to generate a real-time random coefficient λ. The random number generation unit can be based on a hardware random source (such as oscillator jitter, temperature noise) or a pseudo-random algorithm (such as the linear congruential method) to ensure randomness and unpredictability.

[0069] The communication time slot adjustment unit is used to add a random offset to the start time of the communication transmission phase to prevent multiple nodes in the array from simultaneously occupying the communication bus. In one embodiment, the actual transmission time = cycle start time + (λ × basic time slot length). For example, the start time of the communication transmission phase of each driver module is increased by a random offset Δt = λ × 10ms to prevent multiple nodes in a large array from simultaneously occupying the communication bus.

[0070] In one embodiment, communication between the driver module and the distributed coordination control module utilizes a time-division multiple access (TDMA) distributed state synchronization mechanism. Each driver module operates within a 100ms communication cycle, divided into three phases: data acquisition (20ms), local processing (30ms), and communication transmission (50ms). During the communication transmission phase, the driver module utilizes a combined "broadcast + point-to-point" transmission method. First, the driver module broadcasts its own status data packet (containing information such as drive current, real-time angle, device ID, and timestamp, with a packet size of 128 bytes) to neighboring nodes, with a broadcast interval of 200ms. Then, based on the dispatch instructions from the regional coordination unit, the driver module engages in point-to-point communication with designated neighboring nodes, transmitting detailed fault diagnostic data (such as current waveforms and temperature curves).

[0071] In wired CAN bus or wireless mesh network communication scenarios, when multiple nodes send data simultaneously, resulting in data collisions, a specific algorithm calculates the waiting time (backoff time) for nodes to try to send data again, avoiding continued collisions and ensuring smooth communication. In this specific solution, when the control unit detects data collisions on the wired CAN bus or wireless mesh network, it calculates the backoff time based on a random number exponential backoff algorithm.

[0072] The backoff time is calculated as follows:

[0073] ;

[0074] in, is the number of collisions, is a uniformly distributed random number in the range 0-1.

[0075] The number of collisions n is counted from the first collision. Each time a collision occurs, the value of n increases by 1. For example, n=1 for the first collision, n=2 for the second collision, and so on. The uniformly distributed random number λ ranges from 0 to 1 and is generated by the random number generation unit. Each time the backoff time is calculated, the value of λ is randomly determined to ensure the randomness of the backoff time. 50μs is a basic time unit. In this embodiment, Not more than 8.

[0076] By using an exponentially increasing backoff time, nodes that have experienced multiple collisions are forced to wait longer, staggering their data transmission times with those of other nodes and reducing the likelihood of further collisions. Furthermore, a random number, λ, is introduced into the calculation process, ensuring that even nodes with the same number of collisions may have different backoff times, further preventing collisions caused by simultaneous retransmissions. As the number of collisions increases, the backoff time increases rapidly, effectively managing network congestion. When the network load is high, the node's transmission timing is automatically adjusted to ensure network stability.

[0077] Embodiment 3: The control unit of the driving module further includes a driving adjustment unit, which is configured to generate a driving speed compensation coefficient according to a real-time random coefficient λ when the angle deviation between adjacent photovoltaic panels is within a preset threshold range.

[0078] When the angle deviation of adjacent photovoltaic panels is in the range of 0.2°-0.5°, the adjustment of the driving speed compensation coefficient includes: forward adjustment coefficient k=1.2±0.1×λ, and reverse adjustment coefficient k=0.8±0.1×λ.

[0079] The solution of this embodiment can finely control the photovoltaic panel angle adjustment process, avoiding the common oscillation and overshoot problems in traditional PID control.

[0080] When the angle deviation between adjacent PV panels falls within this range, the system neither triggers conventional PID control (deviation > 0.5°) nor completely relaxes regulation (deviation < 0.2°). Instead, it employs a randomized dynamic compensation strategy for fine-tuning. Introducing randomness when approaching the target angle can disrupt any oscillatory equilibrium in the system, accelerating convergence and reducing steady-state errors.

[0081] In the compensation coefficient calculation formula, for positive control (acceleration of the plate at a small angle), the speed multiplier = 1.2 - 0.1 × λ; λ∈[0,1]. A larger random coefficient decreases the compensation multiplier (but always ≥ 1.1) to prevent overacceleration. For negative control (deceleration of the plate at a large angle), the speed multiplier = 0.8 + 0.1 × λ; λ∈[0,1]. A larger random coefficient increases the compensation multiplier (but always ≤ 0.9) to ensure smooth deceleration. If the system experiences minor oscillations in the critical region due to friction or inertia, random perturbations can cause the controlled variable to escape the local equilibrium point, guiding the system to converge toward the target value. The random coefficient λ dynamically adjusts the compensation strength, ensuring stability while improving adaptability to varying operating conditions (such as fluctuations in mechanical resistance caused by varying wind speed).

[0082] Example 4: Figure 4 As shown, a multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis method includes the following steps:

[0083] S101: Deploy a drive module on each photovoltaic panel side, collect current data of the drive motor, the real-time angle of the photovoltaic module, and the temperature of the transmission component through a control unit in the drive module, and perform local closed-loop control based on a preset control model to adjust the photovoltaic panel angle;

[0084] S102: Using a distributed coordination control module, the entire system is divided into several control areas according to the physical layout of the photovoltaic array. Each control area is equipped with at least one regional coordination unit, which is connected to each driver module in the area through a wired communication module. The coordination unit aggregates the status data of the photovoltaic panels in the area and dynamically adjusts the control strategy of each driver module based on the angle deviation and current difference between adjacent photovoltaic panels to achieve coordinated tracking control within the area.

[0085] S103: Communicate with each regional coordination unit through the monitoring platform, receive and centrally process status data from each region, identify the fault type based on the current deviation and temperature change trend across regions, and generate corresponding operation and maintenance instructions and send them to the corresponding regional coordination unit or drive module to achieve remote monitoring and fault response of the system.

[0086] The technical means disclosed in the solutions of the present invention are not limited to those disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above-mentioned technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-point drive photovoltaic bracket fault diagnosis system, characterized in that: include: A drive module is deployed on each photovoltaic panel side. The drive module includes a control unit and a two-way communication interface unit. The control unit is used to obtain current data of the drive motor, the real-time angle of the photovoltaic module, and the temperature of the transmission component, and implement local closed-loop control based on a preset control model. The control unit of each drive module includes a random number generation unit and a communication time slot adjustment unit. The random number generation unit is used to generate a real-time random coefficient λ. The communication time slot adjustment unit is used to add a random offset to the start time of the communication transmission phase to prevent multiple nodes in the array from simultaneously occupying the communication bus; The distributed coordination control module divides the system into several control areas according to the physical layout of the photovoltaic array. Each control area is provided with at least one regional coordination unit. The regional coordination unit establishes a connection with the bidirectional communication interface unit of the drive module in the area through a wired communication module, and the wired communication module is configured to support RS485 bus communication or CAN bus communication. The bidirectional communication interface unit is also used to send its own status data packet to adjacent nodes in the form of broadcast; and according to the scheduling instructions of the regional coordination unit, conduct point-to-point communication with designated adjacent nodes; the regional coordination unit is used to summarize the status data of the photovoltaic panels in the area, generate compensation adjustment instructions based on the angle deviation and current difference of the adjacent photovoltaic panels, and send them to the corresponding drive modules, and receive the adjusted status data fed back by the drive modules to achieve coordinated control within the area; wherein, the strategy of the regional coordination unit for executing coordinated control within the area is: when the angle deviation of two adjacent photovoltaic panels is greater than 0.5° or the current difference exceeds 5%, a compensation adjustment instruction is generated. The specific control process is as follows: Based on the real-time angle values ​​of two adjacent photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel with the larger relative angle value will be adjusted back at a rate higher than the reference speed, and the photovoltaic panel with the smaller relative angle value will be adjusted back at a rate lower than the reference speed, until the angle deviation between the two is ≤0.5°; Based on the real-time current values ​​of two adjacent photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panel with the larger current value is operated at a rate lower than the reference speed, and the photovoltaic panel with the smaller current value is operated at a rate higher than the reference speed until the current difference between the two is ≤5%. This achieves angle consistency and load balancing control of the photovoltaic panels in the area. The monitoring platform is connected to each regional coordination unit, receives the photovoltaic panel status data forwarded by each regional coordination unit, identifies the fault type based on the current deviation and temperature change trend, generates corresponding operation and maintenance instructions, and sends them to the corresponding regional coordination unit or drive module.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The control unit of the driving module further includes a driving adjustment unit, which is configured to generate a driving speed compensation coefficient according to a real-time random coefficient λ when the angle deviation of adjacent photovoltaic panels is within a preset threshold range.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that When the angle deviation between adjacent photovoltaic panels is in the range of 0.2°-0.5°, the adjustment of the driving speed compensation coefficient includes: a forward adjustment coefficient k=1.2±0.1×λ, and a reverse adjustment coefficient k=0.8±0.1×λ.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The driving module is also integrated with a wireless communication module, which is used to communicate with the regional coordination unit through a wireless Mesh network. When the control unit detects a data collision on the wired CAN bus or the wireless Mesh network, it calculates the backoff time according to the exponential backoff algorithm of the random number.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The calculation formula of the backoff time is: ; in, is the number of collisions, is a uniformly distributed random number in the range 0-1.

6. A method for fault diagnosis using the multi-point drive photovoltaic support fault diagnosis system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A drive module is deployed on each photovoltaic panel side. The control unit in the drive module collects current data of the drive motor, the real-time angle of the photovoltaic module, and the temperature of the transmission components, and performs local closed-loop control based on a preset control model to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel; The distributed coordination control module divides the entire system into several control areas based on the physical layout of the photovoltaic array. Each control area is equipped with at least one regional coordination unit, which is connected to each driver module in the area through a wired communication module. It aggregates the status data of the photovoltaic panels in the area and dynamically adjusts the control strategy of each driver module based on the angle deviation and current difference between adjacent photovoltaic panels to achieve coordinated tracking control within the area. The monitoring platform communicates with the regional coordination units, receives and centrally processes status data from each region, identifies fault types based on cross-regional current deviations and temperature change trends, and generates corresponding operation and maintenance instructions, which are sent to the corresponding regional coordination units or drive modules to achieve remote monitoring and fault response of the system.

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