Display device and method of manufacturing same

Abstract

A display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided, the display device including: a light emitting element disposed in an auxiliary pixel area; a first black matrix pattern disposed on the light emitting element in a non-emission region adjacent to the auxiliary pixel region; a first refractive layer covering the first black matrix pattern and having a first refractive index, in which the first refractive layer has a raised upper surface toward the light emitting element; and a second refractive layer covering an upper surface of the protrusion of the first refractive layer on the first refractive layer and having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments relate to a display device and a method of manufacturing a display device. More specifically, embodiments relate to a display device including a black matrix pattern and a method of manufacturing the display device. Background Art

[0002] A display device is a device that displays an image to provide visual information to a user. Among display devices, organic light-emitting diode displays have recently attracted attention.

[0003] To improve an image reflection phenomenon or for safety reasons, the viewing angle of an image displayed on a display device is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments provide a display device having improved quality.

[0005] Embodiments provide a method of manufacturing a display device.

[0006] A display device according to an embodiment includes: a light-emitting element disposed in an auxiliary pixel region; a first black matrix pattern disposed on the light-emitting element in a non-light-emitting region adjacent to the auxiliary pixel region; a first refractive layer covering the first black matrix pattern and having a first refractive index, wherein the first refractive layer has a convex upper surface facing the light-emitting element; and a second refractive layer covering the convex upper surface of the first refractive layer and having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.

[0007] In an embodiment, the second refractive index may be greater than the first refractive index.

[0008] In an embodiment, the first refractive index may be equal to or greater than about 1.5 and equal to or less than about 1.55, and the second refractive index may be equal to or greater than about 1.6 and equal to or less than about 1.7.

[0009] In an embodiment, the first refractive layer may have a convex upper surface facing the light-emitting element in the auxiliary pixel region.

[0010] In an embodiment, the display device may further include: a second black matrix pattern disposed on the first refractive layer in a non-light-emitting region.

[0011] In an embodiment, the second refractive layer may cover the second black matrix pattern.

[0012] In an embodiment, each of the first refractive layer and the second refractive layer may include an organic material.

[0013] In an embodiment, the first refractive layer may include a first portion disposed in the auxiliary pixel region and a second portion disposed in the non-light-emitting region.

[0014] In an embodiment, a first part and a second part of the first refractive layer may include different materials.

[0015] A display device according to an embodiment includes: a first light-emitting element disposed in a 1-1 auxiliary pixel region; a second light-emitting element disposed in a 2-1 auxiliary pixel region, the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region being adjacent to the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region in a first direction in a plan view; a 1-1 black matrix pattern disposed on the first light-emitting element, adjacent to the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region in a direction opposite to the first direction in a plan view, and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a 2-1 black matrix pattern disposed on the first light-emitting element, passing through the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region in a plan view, and extending in the second direction; a 3-1 black matrix pattern disposed on a non-light-emitting region adjacent to the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region on the second light-emitting element, and extending in the first direction; a 1-1 refractive layer disposed on the first light-emitting element, covering the 1-1 black matrix pattern and the 2-1 black matrix pattern, and having a first refractive index, wherein the 1-1 refractive layer has a convex upper surface facing the first light-emitting element; and a 1-2 refractive layer covering the convex upper surface of the 1-1 refractive layer on the 1-1 refractive layer and having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.

[0016] In an embodiment, the display device may further include: a 4-1 black matrix pattern disposed on the first light-emitting element, disposed between the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region and the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region, and extending in the second direction.

[0017] In an embodiment, the 1-1 refractive layer may cover the 4-1 black matrix pattern.

[0018] In an embodiment, the display device may further include: a 1-2 black matrix pattern disposed on the 1-1 refractive layer and overlapping the 1-1 black matrix pattern in a plan view; a 2-2 black matrix pattern disposed on the 1-1 refractive layer and overlapping the 2-1 black matrix pattern in a plan view; and a 4-2 black matrix pattern disposed on the 1-1 refractive layer and overlapping the 4-1 black matrix pattern in a plan view.

[0019] In an embodiment, the 1-2 refractive layer may cover the 1-2 black matrix pattern, the 2-2 black matrix pattern, and the 4-2 black matrix pattern.

[0020] In an embodiment, the 1-1 refractive layer may have a convex upper surface facing the first light-emitting element between the 1-2 black matrix pattern and the 2-2 black matrix pattern.

[0021] In an embodiment, the 1-1 refractive layer may have a convex upper surface facing the first light-emitting element between the 2-2 black matrix pattern and the 4-2 black matrix pattern.

[0022] In an embodiment, the display device may further include: a 2-1 refractive layer disposed on the second light-emitting element, covering the 3-1 black matrix pattern, and having a convex upper surface facing the second light-emitting element.

[0023] In an embodiment, the 2-1 refractive layer may have a first refractive index.

[0024] In an embodiment, the display device may further include: a 2-2 refractive layer covering the convex upper surface of the 2-1 refractive layer on the 2-1 refractive layer and having a second refractive index.

[0025] In an embodiment, the second refractive index may be greater than the first refractive index.

[0026] In an embodiment, the first refractive index may be equal to or greater than about 1.5 and equal to or less than about 1.55, and the second refractive index may be equal to or greater than about 1.6 and equal to or less than about 1.7.

[0027] In an embodiment, the display device may further include: a 3-2 black matrix pattern disposed on the 2-1 refractive layer and overlapping the 3-1 black matrix pattern in a plan view.

[0028] In an embodiment, the 2-2 refractive layer may cover the 3-2 black matrix pattern.

[0029] A method of manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment includes the following steps: forming a light-emitting element in an auxiliary pixel region; forming a first initial black matrix layer on the light-emitting element; forming a first initial refractive layer on the first initial black matrix layer; forming a second initial black matrix layer on the first initial refractive layer; forming an opening by removing portions of the first initial black matrix layer, the first initial refractive layer, and the second initial black matrix layer; forming a first refractive pattern filling at least a part of the opening, the first refractive pattern having a convex upper surface facing the light-emitting element, wherein the first refractive pattern has a first refractive index; and forming a refractive layer on the first refractive pattern covering the convex upper surface of the first refractive pattern and having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.

[0030] In an embodiment, the second refractive index may be greater than the first refractive index.

[0031] In an embodiment, the step of forming the opening may include: forming a metal layer and a photoresist layer on the second initial black matrix layer; removing portions of the metal layer and the photoresist layer that overlap the auxiliary pixel region in a plan view; and removing portions of the first initial black matrix layer, the first initial refractive layer, and the second initial black matrix layer that overlap the auxiliary pixel region in a plan view.

[0032] In an embodiment, the first initial refractive layer and the first refractive pattern may include the same material.

[0033] In an embodiment, each of the first black matrix pattern, the second refractive pattern, and the second black matrix pattern may be formed by forming an opening through removing portions of the first initial black matrix layer, the first initial refractive layer, and the second initial black matrix layer.

[0034] In an embodiment, an upper surface of a protrusion of the first refractive pattern facing the light-emitting element may be formed below the second black matrix pattern.

[0035] Therefore, the front light-emitting efficiency of the display device may be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Exemplary, non-limiting embodiments will be understood more clearly from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 is a plan view showing a display device according to an embodiment.

[0038] Figure 2 is showing Figure 1 an enlarged plan view of an example of region A of

[0039] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the display device taken along line I-I' of Figure 2 the display device.

[0040] Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged cross-sectional view of region X of

[0041] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing Figure 3 region X of the display device and the optical path.

[0042] Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing the Figure 3 display device.

[0043] Figure 17 is showing Figure 1 another example of region A of

[0044] Figure 18 is a view showing the interior of a vehicle of a display device to which Figure 17 is applied.

[0045] Figure 19 is alongFigure 17 A cross-sectional view of the display device taken along line II-II'.

[0046] Figure 20 is along Figure 17 A cross-sectional view of the display device taken along line III-III'. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] Hereinafter, the display device according to an embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same components, and redundant descriptions of the same components will be omitted.

[0048] Figure 1 is a plan view showing the display device according to an embodiment.

[0049] Referring to Figure 1 , the display device DD according to an embodiment may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA.

[0050] A plurality of pixel areas may be provided in the display area DA. For example, a first pixel area PX1, a second pixel area PX2, a third pixel area PX3, and a fourth pixel area PX4 may be provided in the display area DA. Each of the first pixel area PX1, the second pixel area PX2, the third pixel area PX3, and the fourth pixel area PX4 may emit light.

[0051] The plurality of pixel areas may be repeatedly arranged along a first direction DR1 and a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1. For example, the second pixel area PX2 may be adjacent to the first pixel area PX1 in the first direction DR1. The third pixel area PX3 may be adjacent to the first pixel area PX1 in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2. The fourth pixel area PX4 may be adjacent to the second pixel area PX2 in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2, and may be adjacent to the third pixel area PX3 in the first direction DR1.

[0052] The non-display area NDA may be provided around the display area DA. For example, the non-display area NDA may surround at least a part of the display area DA. A driver may be provided in the non-display area NDA. The driver may supply a signal or a voltage to the plurality of pixel areas. For example, the driver may include a data driver, a gate driver, etc. The non-display area NDA may not display an image.

[0053] In this specification, a first direction DR1 and a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1 may be defined. For example, the second direction DR2 may be perpendicular to the first direction DR1. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second direction DR2 may form an acute angle or an obtuse angle with the first direction DR1. In addition, a third direction DR3 intersecting the plane formed by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 may be defined. For example, the third direction DR3 may be perpendicular to the plane formed by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the third direction DR3 may form an acute angle or an obtuse angle with the plane formed by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2.

[0054] Figure 2 is an enlarged plan view showing Figure 1 an example of region A.

[0055] Referring to Figure 2 , the first pixel region PX1 may include a first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, a second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, and a third auxiliary pixel region SPX3. The first auxiliary pixel region SPX1 may emit first light, the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2 may emit second light, and the third auxiliary pixel region SPX3 may emit third light. For example, the first light may be red light, the second light may be green light, and the third light may be blue light.

[0056] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first light may be green light, the second light may be red light, and the third light may be blue light. When each of the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, and the third auxiliary pixel region SPX3 emits light, the first pixel region PX1 may emit light of a specific wavelength.

[0057] The third pixel region PX3 may include a fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4, a fifth auxiliary pixel region SPX5, and a sixth auxiliary pixel region SPX6. The fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4 may emit fourth light, the fifth auxiliary pixel region SPX5 may emit fifth light, and the sixth auxiliary pixel region SPX6 may emit sixth light. For example, the fourth light may be red light, the fifth light may be green light, and the sixth light may be blue light. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the fourth light may be green light, the fifth light may be red light, and the sixth light may be blue light. When each of the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4, the fifth auxiliary pixel region SPX5, and the sixth auxiliary pixel region SPX6 emits light, the third pixel region PX3 may emit light of a specific wavelength.

[0058] In an embodiment, a display device (e.g., Figure 1The display device DD) may further include a black matrix pattern BM. In a plan view, the black matrix pattern BM may not overlap with the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, the third auxiliary pixel region SPX3, the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4, the fifth auxiliary pixel region SPX5, and the sixth auxiliary pixel region SPX6.

[0059] For example, some of the black matrix pattern BM may be disposed in the first non-light-emitting region (e.g., Figure 3 the first non-light-emitting region BA1 of Figure 3 ), and the first non-light-emitting region (e.g., Figure 3 the first non-light-emitting region BA1 of Figure 3 ) is adjacent to the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1 in the second direction DR2 in a plan view. In addition, some of the black matrix pattern BM may be disposed in the second non-light-emitting region (e.g.,

[0060] the second non-light-emitting region BA2 of Figure 3 ), and the second non-light-emitting region (e.g., Figure 3 the second non-light-emitting region BA2 of Figure 3 ) is adjacent to the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2 in the second direction DR2 in a plan view. In addition, some of the black matrix pattern BM may be disposed in a portion adjacent to the third auxiliary pixel region SPX3 in the second direction DR2 in a plan view and in a portion adjacent to the third auxiliary pixel region SPX3 in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2 in a plan view. Figure 3 For example, in a plan view, some of the black matrix pattern BM may be disposed in the third non-light-emitting region (e.g.,

[0061] the third non-light-emitting region BA3 of

[0062] ), and the third non-light-emitting region (e.g., <000,0185> the third non-light-emitting region BA3 of Figure 3 ) is adjacent to the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4 in the second direction DR2 in a plan view. In addition, in a plan view, some of the black matrix pattern BM may be disposed in the fourth non-light-emitting region (e.g., Figure 3 the fourth non-light-emitting region BA4 of

[0061] ), and the fourth non-light-emitting region (e.g.,

[0062] the fourth non-light-emitting region BA4 of

[0061] ) is adjacent to the fifth auxiliary pixel region SPX5 in the second direction DR2 in a plan view. In addition, some of the black matrix pattern BM may be disposed in a portion adjacent to the sixth auxiliary pixel region SPX6 in the second direction DR2 in a plan view and in a portion adjacent to the sixth auxiliary pixel region SPX6 in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2 in a plan view.

[0061] The second pixel region PX2 may have substantially the same structure as the first pixel region PX1 and the third pixel region PX3. The fourth pixel region PX4 may have substantially the same structure as the first pixel region PX1 and the third pixel region PX3.

[0062] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a display device taken along line I-I' Figure 2 as shown. Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged cross-sectional view of region X

[0063] Referring to Figure 3 , the display device DD according to an embodiment may include a substrate SUB, a buffer layer BUF, an insulating layer IL, a first transistor TR1, a second transistor TR2, a third transistor TR3, a first light-emitting element LED1, a second light-emitting element LED2, a third light-emitting element LED3, a pixel defining layer PDL, a packaging layer TFE, a black matrix pattern BM, a first refractive layer LR1, and a second refractive layer LR2.

[0064] The substrate SUB may include a transparent material or an opaque material. The substrate SUB may be formed of a transparent resin substrate. Examples of the transparent resin substrate may include a polyimide substrate. In this case, the polyimide substrate may include a first organic layer, a first barrier layer, a second organic layer, and the like.

[0065] Alternatively, the substrate SUB may include a quartz substrate (e.g., a synthetic quartz substrate, a fluorinated quartz substrate), a calcium fluoride substrate, a soda-lime glass substrate, a non-alkali glass substrate, and the like. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0066] The buffer layer BUF may be provided on the substrate SUB. The buffer layer BUF may prevent metal atoms or impurities from diffusing from the substrate SUB to the first transistor TR1, the second transistor TR2, and the third transistor TR3. In addition, when the surface of the substrate SUB is uneven, the buffer layer BUF may improve the flatness of the surface of the substrate SUB.

[0067] For example, the buffer layer BUF may include an inorganic material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, carbon oxynitride, and the like. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0068] The first transistor TR1, the second transistor TR2, and the third transistor TR3 may be provided on the buffer layer BUF. For example, the first transistor TR1 may be provided in at least a part of the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, the second transistor TR2 may be provided in at least a part of the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, and the third transistor TR3 may be provided in at least a part of the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0069] The first transistor TR1 may include a first active pattern, a first gate electrode, a first source electrode, and a first drain electrode. The second transistor TR2 may include a second active pattern, a second gate electrode, a second source electrode, and a second drain electrode. The third transistor TR3 may include a third active pattern, a third gate electrode, a third source electrode, and a third drain electrode.

[0070] For example, each of the first transistor TR1, the second transistor TR2, and the third transistor TR3 may include polysilicon or a metal oxide semiconductor.

[0071] The metal oxide semiconductor may include binary compounds (“AB x ”) containing indium (“In”), zinc (“Zn”), gallium (“Ga”), tin (“Sn”), titanium (“Ti”), aluminum (“Al”), hafnium (“Hf”), zirconium (“Zr”), magnesium (“Mg”), etc., ternary compounds (“AB x C y ”), quaternary compounds (“AB x C y D z ”), etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0072] For example, the metal oxide semiconductor may include zinc oxide (“ZnO x ”), gallium oxide (“GaO x ”), tin oxide (“SnO x ”), indium oxide (“InO x ”), indium gallium oxide (“IGO”), indium zinc oxide (“IZO”), indium tin oxide (“ITO”), indium zinc tin oxide (“IZTO”), and indium gallium zinc oxide (“IGZO”). These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0073] An insulating layer IL may be provided on the buffer layer BUF. The insulating layer IL may cover the first transistor TR1, the second transistor TR2, and the third transistor TR3. For example, the insulating layer IL may include at least one inorganic insulating layer and at least one organic insulating layer.

[0074] For example, the inorganic insulating layer may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbonitride, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0075] In addition, the organic insulating layer may include photoresist, polyacrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, silicone resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0076] The first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3 can be disposed on the insulating layer IL. The first pixel electrode PE1 can be disposed in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, the second pixel electrode PE2 can be disposed in the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, and the third pixel electrode PE3 can be disposed in the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0077] The first pixel electrode PE1 can be connected to the first transistor TR1 through a first contact hole formed by removing a part of the insulating layer IL. The second pixel electrode PE2 can be connected to the second transistor TR2 through a second contact hole formed by removing a part of the insulating layer IL. The third pixel electrode PE3 can be connected to the third transistor TR3 through a third contact hole formed by removing a part of the insulating layer IL.

[0078] For example, each of the first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3 can include a metal, an alloy, a metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0079] For example, the first pixel electrode PE1 can be used as the anode of the first light-emitting element LED1. The second pixel electrode PE2 can be used as the anode of the second light-emitting element LED2. The third pixel electrode PE3 can be used as the anode of the third light-emitting element LED3.

[0080] The pixel defining layer PDL can be disposed on the insulating layer IL, the first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3. For example, the pixel defining layer PDL can be disposed in the first non-light-emitting region BA1, the second non-light-emitting region BA2, the third non-light-emitting region BA3, and the fourth non-light-emitting region BA4.

[0081] The pixel defining layer PDL can cover the sides of each of the first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3. In addition, the pixel defining layer PDL can expose the upper surfaces of each of the first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3.

[0082] For example, the pixel defining layer PDL can include an organic material and / or an inorganic material. In an embodiment, the pixel defining layer PDL can include an organic material. For example, the pixel defining layer PDL can include a photoresist, a polyacrylic acid resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamide resin, a silicone resin, an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0083] The second non-light-emitting region BA2 can be disposed between the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1 and the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2. The second non-light-emitting region BA2 can be spaced apart from the first non-light-emitting region BA1, and the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1 is disposed therebetween. The third non-light-emitting region BA3 can be disposed between the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2 and the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4. The third non-light-emitting region BA3 can be spaced apart from the second non-light-emitting region BA2, and the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2 is disposed therebetween. In addition, the third non-light-emitting region BA3 can be spaced apart from the fourth non-light-emitting region BA4, and the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4 is disposed therebetween.

[0084] The first light-emitting layer EML1 can be disposed on the first pixel electrode PE1. That is, the first light-emitting layer EML1 can be disposed in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The second light-emitting layer EML2 can be disposed on the second pixel electrode PE2. That is, the second light-emitting layer EML2 can be disposed in the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2. The third light-emitting layer EML3 can be disposed on the third pixel electrode PE3. That is, the third light-emitting layer EML3 can be disposed in the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0085] For example, holes provided in the first pixel electrode PE1 and electrons provided in the first common electrode CE1 can form a first exciton in the first light-emitting layer EML1. The first light-emitting layer EML1 can emit light when the first exciton changes from an excited state to a ground state.

[0086] Holes provided in the second pixel electrode PE2 and electrons provided in the second common electrode CE2 can form a second exciton in the second light-emitting layer EML2. The second light-emitting layer EML2 can emit light when the second exciton changes from an excited state to a ground state.

[0087] Holes provided in the third pixel electrode PE3 and electrons provided in the third common electrode CE3 can form a third exciton in the third light-emitting layer EML3. The third light-emitting layer EML3 can emit light when the third exciton changes from an excited state to a ground state.

[0088] The first common electrode CE1 can be disposed on the first light-emitting layer EML1. That is, the first common electrode CE1 can be disposed in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The second common electrode CE2 can be disposed on the second light-emitting layer EML2. That is, the second common electrode CE2 can be disposed in the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2. The third common electrode CE3 can be disposed on the third light-emitting layer EML3. That is, the third common electrode CE3 can be disposed in the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0089] In an embodiment, the first common electrode CE1 may be connected to the second common electrode CE2, and the second common electrode CE2 may be connected to the third common electrode CE3. That is, the first common electrode CE1, the second common electrode CE2, and the third common electrode CE3 may be integrally formed.

[0090] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the first common electrode CE1 may be separated from the second common electrode CE2, and the second common electrode CE2 may be separated from the third common electrode CE3.

[0091] For example, each of the first common electrode CE1, the second common electrode CE2, and the third common electrode CE3 may include a metal, an alloy, a metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0092] For example, the first common electrode CE1 may serve as the cathode of the first light-emitting element LED1. The second common electrode CE2 may serve as the cathode of the second light-emitting element LED2. The third common electrode CE3 may serve as the cathode of the third light-emitting element LED3.

[0093] The first light-emitting element LED1 may include a first pixel electrode PE1, a first light-emitting layer EML1, and a first common electrode CE1. The first light-emitting element LED1 may be disposed in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The second light-emitting element LED2 may include a second pixel electrode PE2, a second light-emitting layer EML2, and a second common electrode CE2. The second light-emitting element LED2 may be disposed in the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2. The third light-emitting element LED3 may include a third pixel electrode PE3, a third light-emitting layer EML3, and a third common electrode CE3. The third light-emitting element LED3 may be disposed in the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0094] The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the first common electrode CE1, the second common electrode CE2, and the third common electrode CE3. The encapsulation layer TFE may prevent impurities, moisture, etc. from penetrating into the first light-emitting element LED1, the second light-emitting element LED2, and the third light-emitting element LED3.

[0095] For example, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer. The inorganic encapsulation layer may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other. The organic encapsulation layer may include a cured polymer material such as polyacrylate.

[0096] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4, the black matrix pattern BM may include a first black matrix pattern BM1 and a second black matrix pattern BM2. The first black matrix pattern BM1 may be disposed on the encapsulation layer TFE. In a plan view, the first black matrix pattern BM1 may overlap with the first non-light-emitting region BA1, the second non-light-emitting region BA2, the third non-light-emitting region BA3, and the fourth non-light-emitting region BA4. In a plan view, the first black matrix patterns BM1 may be spaced apart from each other. For example, in a plan view, the first black matrix patterns BM1 may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction DR2.

[0097] In an embodiment, the first black matrix pattern BM1 may include an inorganic material. For example, the first black matrix pattern BM1 may include an inorganic material such as tantalum molybdenum oxide (“MTO”). For example, the first black matrix pattern BM1 may have a single-layer MTO structure.

[0098] Optionally, the first black matrix pattern BM1 may have a bilayer structure including MTO / Mo, MTO / Cu, MTO / Al, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0099] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first black matrix pattern BM1 may include various materials having relatively low transmittance and reflectance and relatively high absorbance. For example, the first black matrix pattern BM1 may include an organic material containing a black pigment.

[0100] The first refractive layer LR1 may be disposed on the encapsulation layer TFE. The first refractive layer LR1 may cover the first black matrix pattern BM1. The first refractive layer LR1 may include an upper surface and a lower surface. The lower surface of the first refractive layer LR1 may be the surface facing the substrate SUB. The upper surface of the first refractive layer LR1 may be the surface opposite to the lower surface.

[0101] For example, the first refractive layer LR1 may include an upper surface S1 and a lower surface S2 in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The lower surface S2 of the first refractive layer LR1 may be the surface facing the substrate SUB in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. That is, the lower surface S2 of the first refractive layer LR1 may be the surface facing the first light-emitting element LED1. The upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 may be the surface opposite to the lower surface S2 in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 may be the boundary surface where the second refractive layer LR2 and the first refractive layer LR1 contact each other, which will be described later.

[0102] In an embodiment, the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 may be a convex surface. For example, the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 may be a convex surface facing the first light-emitting element LED1. That is, the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 may be a downwardly convex surface.

[0103] The upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 may have a first height H1. The first height H1 may be the distance in the third direction DR3 between the plane extending from the lower surface of the second black matrix pattern BM2, which will be described later, and the portion of the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 closest to the lower surface S2.

[0104] In addition, the first refractive layer LR1 may have a second height H2. The second height H2 may be the distance in the third direction DR3 between the lower surface S2 of the first refractive layer LR1 and the plane extending from the lower surface of the second black matrix pattern BM2.

[0105] In an embodiment, the first height H1 may be equal to or greater than about 1 / 3 of the second height H2 and equal to or less than about 1 / 2 of the second height H2. For example, the first height H1 may be about 1 / 3 of the second height H2. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first height H1 and the second height H2 may be appropriately changed.

[0106] In an embodiment, the first refractive layer LR1 may include an organic material. For example, the first refractive layer LR1 may include an acrylic resin, a polyacrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, a melanin resin, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first refractive layer LR1 may include other types of organic materials.

[0107] The first refractive layer LR1 may have a first refractive index. In an embodiment, the first refractive index of the first refractive layer LR1 may be equal to or greater than about 1.5 and equal to or less than about 1.55. For example, the first refractive index may be about 1.5. However, these are merely exemplary values, and the first refractive index may be appropriately changed.

[0108] The first refractive layer LR1 may include a first portion LR1-1 and a second portion LR1-2. In a plan view, the first portion LR1-1 of the first refractive layer LR1 may overlap with the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. In a plan view, the second portion LR1-2 of the first refractive layer LR1 may overlap with the first non-light-emitting region BA1 and the second non-light-emitting region BA2.

[0109] In an embodiment, the first portion LR1-1 of the first refractive layer LR1 and the second portion LR1-2 of the first refractive layer LR1 may include the same material. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and in another embodiment, the first portion LR1-1 of the first refractive layer LR1 and the second portion LR1-2 of the first refractive layer LR1 may include different materials.

[0110] The second black matrix pattern BM2 can be disposed on the first refractive layer LR1. In a plan view, the second black matrix pattern BM2 can overlap with the first non-light-emitting region BA1, the second non-light-emitting region BA2, the third non-light-emitting region BA3, and the fourth non-light-emitting region BA4. In a plan view, the second black matrix patterns BM2 can be spaced apart from each other. For example, in a plan view, the second black matrix patterns BM2 can be spaced apart from each other in the second direction DR2. For example, in a plan view, the second black matrix pattern BM2 can overlap with the first black matrix pattern BM1.

[0111] In an embodiment, the second black matrix pattern BM2 can include an inorganic material. For example, the second black matrix pattern BM2 can include an inorganic material such as molybdenum tantalum oxide (“MTO”). For example, the second black matrix pattern BM2 can have an MTO single-layer structure.

[0112] Optionally, the second black matrix pattern BM2 can have a bilayer structure including MTO / Mo, MTO / Cu, MTO / Al, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0113] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second black matrix pattern BM2 can include various materials having relatively low transmittance and reflectance and relatively high absorptance. For example, the second black matrix pattern BM2 can include an organic material containing a black pigment.

[0114] In an embodiment, the second black matrix pattern BM2 and the first black matrix pattern BM1 can include substantially the same material. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and in another embodiment, the second black matrix pattern BM2 and the first black matrix pattern BM1 can include different materials. For example, the first black matrix pattern BM1 can have an MTO single-layer structure, while the second black matrix pattern BM2 can include an organic material containing a black pigment.

[0115] The second refractive layer LR2 can be disposed on the first refractive layer LR1 and the second black matrix pattern BM2. The second refractive layer LR2 can cover the second black matrix pattern BM2. In addition, the second refractive layer LR2 can cover the first refractive layer LR1. For example, the second refractive layer LR2 can cover the upper surface of the first refractive layer LR1. For example, the second refractive layer LR2 can cover the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1.

[0116] In an embodiment, the second refractive layer LR2 can include an organic material. For example, the second refractive layer LR2 can include silicone resins, polyacrylic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second refractive layer LR2 can include other types of organic materials.

[0117] In an embodiment, the second refractive layer LR2 may further include high refractive index particles. The high refractive index particles may be dispersed in the second refractive layer LR2 to increase the refractive index of the second refractive layer LR2. For example, the high refractive index particles may include titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0118] The second refractive layer LR2 may have a second refractive index. In an embodiment, the second refractive index of the second refractive layer LR2 may be equal to or greater than about 1.6 and equal to or less than about 1.7. For example, the second refractive index may be about 1.6. However, these are only exemplary values, and the second refractive index may be appropriately changed. That is, the second refractive index may be greater than the first refractive index.

[0119] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing Figure 3 region X and the optical path. Specifically, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing Figure 3 the optical path of light emitted from the first light-emitting element.

[0120] Referring to Figure 5 , the first light-emitting device (e.g., Figure 3 the first light-emitting element LED1) may emit light toward the black matrix pattern BM, the first refractive layer LR1, and the second refractive layer LR2. For example, the first light-emitting element may emit first light L1, second light L2, third light L3, fourth light L4, fifth light L5, sixth light L6, and seventh light L7.

[0121] The first light L1 and the seventh light L7 may be blocked or absorbed by the first black matrix pattern BM1. In addition, the second light L2 and the sixth light L6 may be blocked or absorbed by the second black matrix pattern BM2. That is, the first black matrix pattern BM1 and the second black matrix pattern BM2 may block or absorb a part of the light emitted from the light-emitting element to the lateral side. For example, the first black matrix pattern BM1 and the second black matrix pattern BM2 may block or absorb a part of the light emitted from the first light-emitting element LED1 to the lateral side. Therefore, the display device (e.g., Figure 3 the display device DD) may have a narrow viewing angle. For example, the display device may have a narrow viewing angle in the second direction DR2 and the direction opposite to the second direction DR2.

[0122] The third light L3 can enter the first refractive layer LR1 and form a first angle θ1 with a first normal line NL1 perpendicular to the first common electrode CE1. For example, the first angle θ1 can be an acute angle. The third light L3 can be refracted at the boundary surface where the first refractive layer LR1 and the second refractive layer LR2 contact each other. That is, the third light L3 can be refracted at the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1. As described above, the second refractive index of the second refractive layer LR2 can be higher than the first refractive index of the first refractive layer LR1. Therefore, the third light L3 can be refracted at the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 to be substantially parallel to the first normal line NL1. That is, the third light L3 can be refracted to be substantially parallel to the emitted fourth light L4 while being perpendicular to the first common electrode CE1.

[0123] The fifth light L5 can enter the first refractive layer LR1 and form a second angle θ2 with a second normal line NL2 perpendicular to the first common electrode CE1. For example, the second angle θ2 can be an acute angle. The fifth light L5 can be refracted at the boundary surface where the first refractive layer LR1 and the second refractive layer LR2 contact each other. That is, the fifth light L5 can be refracted at the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1. The fifth light L5 can be refracted at the upper surface S1 of the first refractive layer LR1 to be substantially parallel to the second normal line NL2. That is, the fifth light L5 can be refracted to be substantially parallel to the emitted fourth light L4 while being perpendicular to the first common electrode CE1.

[0124] Since the display device includes the first refractive layer LR1 having a first refractive index and the second refractive layer LR2 having a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index, some of the light emitted from the light-emitting element to the lateral side can be emitted to the front of the display device. For example, some of the light emitted from the first light-emitting element to the lateral side can be emitted to the front of the display device. Therefore, the front light-emitting efficiency of the display device can be improved.

[0125] Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 、 Figure 15 and Figure 16 are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a Figure 3 display device.

[0126] Refer to Figure 6, a buffer layer BUF can be formed on the substrate SUB. For example, the substrate SUB can include a transparent material or an opaque material. The substrate SUB can be formed of a transparent resin substrate. Examples of the transparent resin substrate can include a polyimide substrate. In this case, the polyimide substrate can include a first organic layer, a first barrier layer, a second organic layer, etc.

[0127] Optionally, the substrate SUB can include a quartz substrate (e.g., a synthetic quartz substrate, a fluorine-doped quartz substrate), a calcium fluoride substrate, a soda-lime glass substrate, an alkali-free glass substrate, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0128] For example, the buffer layer BUF can include inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, carbon oxysilicate, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0129] A first transistor TR1, a second transistor TR2, and a third transistor TR3 can be formed on the buffer layer BUF. The first transistor TR1 can be formed in at least a part of the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The second transistor TR2 can be formed in at least a part of the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2. The third transistor TR3 can be formed in at least a part of the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0130] For example, each of the first transistor TR1, the second transistor TR2, and the third transistor TR3 can include polysilicon or a metal oxide semiconductor.

[0131] The metal oxide semiconductor can include binary compounds (“AB x ”) containing indium (“In”), zinc (“Zn”), gallium (“Ga”), tin (“Sn”), titanium (“Ti”), aluminum (“Al”), hafnium (“Hf”), zirconium (“Zr”), magnesium (“Mg”), etc., ternary compounds (“AB x C y ”), quaternary compounds (“AB x C y D z ”), etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0132] For example, the metal oxide semiconductor can include zinc oxide (“ZnO x ”), gallium oxide (“GaO x ”), tin oxide (“SnO x ”), indium oxide (“InO x”), indium gallium oxide (“IGO”), indium zinc oxide (“IZO”), indium tin oxide (“ITO”), indium zinc tin oxide (“IZTO”), and indium gallium zinc oxide (“IGZO”). These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0133] An insulating layer IL can be formed on the buffer layer BUF. The insulating layer IL can be formed to cover the first transistor TR1, the second transistor TR2, and the third transistor TR3. For example, the insulating layer IL can include at least one inorganic insulating layer and at least one organic insulating layer.

[0134] For example, the inorganic insulating layer can include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbonitride, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0135] In addition, the organic insulating layer can include photoresist, polyacrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, silicone resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0136] A first pixel electrode PE1, a second pixel electrode PE2, and a third pixel electrode PE3 can be formed on the insulating layer IL. The first pixel electrode PE1 can be formed in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The second pixel electrode PE2 can be formed in the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2. The third pixel electrode PE3 can be formed in the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0137] A first contact hole can be formed by removing a part of the insulating layer IL. The first pixel electrode PE1 can be connected to the first transistor TR1 through the first contact hole. A second contact hole can be formed by removing a part of the insulating layer IL. The second pixel electrode PE2 can be connected to the second transistor TR2 through the second contact hole. A third contact hole can be formed by removing a part of the insulating layer IL. The third pixel electrode PE3 can be connected to the third transistor TR3 through the third contact hole.

[0138] For example, each of the first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3 can include a metal, an alloy, a metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0139] A pixel defining layer PDL can be formed on the insulating layer IL, the first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3. For example, the pixel defining layer PDL can be formed in the first non-light-emitting region BA1, the second non-light-emitting region BA2, the third non-light-emitting region BA3, and the fourth non-light-emitting region BA4.

[0140] The pixel defining layer PDL can be formed to cover the sides of each of the first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3. In addition, the pixel defining layer PDL can be formed to expose the upper surfaces of each of the first pixel electrode PE1, the second pixel electrode PE2, and the third pixel electrode PE3.

[0141] For example, the pixel defining layer PDL can include an organic material and / or an inorganic material. In an embodiment, the pixel defining layer PDL can include an organic material. For example, the pixel defining layer PDL can include a photoresist, a polyacrylic resin, a polyimide resin, a polyamide resin, a silicone resin, an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0142] The first emission layer EML1 can be formed on the first pixel electrode PE1. That is, the first emission layer EML1 can be formed in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The second emission layer EML2 can be formed on the second pixel electrode PE2. That is, the second emission layer EML2 can be formed in the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2. The third emission layer EML3 can be formed on the third pixel electrode PE3. That is, the third emission layer EML3 can be formed in the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0143] The first common electrode CE1 can be formed on the first emission layer EML1. That is, the first common electrode CE1 can be formed in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The second common electrode CE2 can be formed on the second emission layer EML2. That is, the second common electrode CE2 can be formed in the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2. The third common electrode CE3 can be formed on the third emission layer EML3. That is, the third common electrode CE3 can be formed in the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4.

[0144] In an embodiment, the first common electrode CE1, the second common electrode CE2, and the third common electrode CE3 can be integrally formed. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the first common electrode CE1 can be formed separately from the second common electrode CE2, and the second common electrode CE2 can be formed separately from the third common electrode CE3.

[0145] For example, each of the first common electrode CE1, the second common electrode CE2, and the third common electrode CE3 can include a metal, an alloy, a metal nitride, a conductive metal oxide, a transparent conductive material, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0146] An encapsulation layer TFE can be formed on the first common electrode CE1, the second common electrode CE2, and the third common electrode CE3. For example, the encapsulation layer TFE can include at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer. For example, the inorganic encapsulation layer can include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. The organic encapsulation layer can include a cured polymer material such as polyacrylate.

[0147] Referring Figure 7 , a first initial black matrix layer PBM1 can be formed on the encapsulation layer TFE. In an embodiment, the first initial black matrix layer PBM1 can include an inorganic material. For example, the first initial black matrix layer PBM1 can include an inorganic material such as molybdenum tantalum oxide (“MTO”). For example, the first initial black matrix layer PBM1 can have a single-layer MTO structure.

[0148] Optionally, the first initial black matrix layer PBM1 can have a bilayer structure including MTO / Mo, MTO / Cu, MTO / Al, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0149] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first initial black matrix layer PBM1 can include various materials having relatively low transmittance and reflectance and relatively high absorbance. For example, the first initial black matrix layer PBM1 can include an organic material containing a black pigment.

[0150] Referring Figure 8 , a first initial refractive layer PLR1 can be formed on the first initial black matrix layer PBM1. For example, the thickness of the first initial refractive layer PLR1 in the third direction DR3 can be about 10 micrometers. However, this is an exemplary value, and the thickness of the first initial refractive layer PLR1 can be appropriately changed.

[0151] In an embodiment, the first initial refractive layer PLR1 can include an organic material. For example, the first initial refractive layer PLR1 can include acrylic resin, polyacrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, melanin resin, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first initial refractive layer PLR1 can include other types of organic materials.

[0152] The first initial refractive layer PLR1 can have a first refractive index. In an embodiment, the first refractive index of the first initial refractive layer PLR1 can be equal to or greater than about 1.5 and equal to or less than about 1.55. For example, the first refractive index can be about 1.5. However, these are only exemplary values, and the first refractive index can be appropriately changed.

[0153] Referring Figure 9, a second initial black matrix layer PBM2 can be formed on the first initial refractive layer PLR1. In an embodiment, the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 can include an inorganic material. For example, the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 can include an inorganic material such as molybdenum tantalum oxide (“MTO”). For example, the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 can have a single-layer structure of MTO.

[0154] Optionally, the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 can have a bilayer structure including MTO / Mo, MTO / Cu, MTO / Al, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0155] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 can include various materials having relatively low transmittance and reflectance and relatively high absorptance. For example, the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 can include an organic material containing a black pigment.

[0156] Referring to Figure 10 , a metal layer MT can be formed on the second initial black matrix layer PBM2. For example, the metal layer MT can include a metal material such as aluminum. A photoresist layer PR can be formed on the metal layer MT.

[0157] Referring to Figure 10 and Figure 11 , a mask including a transmission region and a light-blocking region can be formed on the photoresist layer PR. In the transmission region, light can pass through the mask and transmit to the photoresist layer PR. In the light-blocking region, light cannot pass through the mask and transmit to the photoresist layer PR.

[0158] The photoresist layer PR can be a negative photoresist or a positive photoresist. For ease of explanation, the photoresist layer PR will be described based on an example of a positive photoresist.

[0159] In a plan view, the transmission region of the mask can overlap with the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, and the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4. In a plan view, the light-blocking region of the mask can overlap with the first non-light-emitting region BA1, the second non-light-emitting region BA2, the third non-light-emitting region BA3, and the fourth non-light-emitting region BA4.

[0160] The portion of the photoresist layer PR that overlaps with the transmission region can be dissolved after the exposure process and the development process. The portion of the photoresist layer PR that overlaps with the light-blocking region will not be dissolved even after the exposure process and the development process.

[0161] Therefore, the portions of the photoresist layer PR that overlap with the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, and the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4 in the plan view can be removed. Thus, a photoresist pattern PRP can be formed.

[0162] Referring to Figure 11 and Figure 12 it is possible to remove the portions of the metal layer MT that overlap with the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, and the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4 in the plan view. For example, the portions of the metal layer MT that overlap with the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1, the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2, and the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4 in the plan view can be removed by an etching process. Thus, a metal pattern MTP can be formed.

[0163] Referring to Figure 12 and Figure 13 openings can be formed by removing portions of the first initial black matrix layer PBM1, the first initial refractive layer PLR1, and the second initial black matrix layer PBM2. For example, portions of the first initial black matrix layer PBM1, the first initial refractive layer PLR1, and the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 can be removed by an etching process. For example, the portions of the first initial black matrix layer PBM1, the first initial refractive layer PLR1, and the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 that overlap with the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1 in the plan view can be removed to form a first opening OP1. In addition, the portions of the first initial black matrix layer PBM1, the first initial refractive layer PLR1, and the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 that overlap with the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2 in the plan view can be removed to form a second opening OP2. In addition, the portions of the first initial black matrix layer PBM1, the first initial refractive layer PLR1, and the second initial black matrix layer PBM2 that overlap with the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4 in the plan view can be removed to form a third opening OP3. Thus, a first black matrix pattern BM1, a first refractive pattern LRA, and a second black matrix pattern BM2 can be formed.

[0164] In embodiments, portions of the first preliminary black matrix layer PBM1, the first preliminary refractive layer PLR1, and the second preliminary black matrix layer PBM2 may be removed simultaneously. For example, portions of the first preliminary black matrix layer PBM1, the first preliminary refractive layer PLR1, and the second preliminary black matrix layer PBM2 that overlap with the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1 in a plan view may be removed simultaneously to form a first opening OP1. Furthermore, portions of the first preliminary black matrix layer PBM1, the first preliminary refractive layer PLR1, and the second preliminary black matrix layer PBM2 that overlap with the second auxiliary pixel region SPX2 in a plan view may be removed simultaneously to form a second opening OP2. Furthermore, portions of the first preliminary black matrix layer PBM1, the first preliminary refractive layer PLR1, and the second preliminary black matrix layer PBM2 that overlap with the fourth auxiliary pixel region SPX4 in a plan view may be removed simultaneously to form a third opening OP3. Therefore, in a plan view, the first black matrix pattern BM1 and the second black matrix pattern BM2 are not misaligned. That is, the first and second black matrix patterns BM1 and BM2 may be disposed in the first, second, third, and fourth non-emission regions BA1, BA2, BA3, and BA4 without error.

[0165] Reference Figure 13 and Figure 14 , the photoresist pattern PRP and the metal pattern MTP may be removed.

[0166] Reference Figure 14 and Figure 15 The second refraction pattern LRB may be formed to fill the openings. For example, the second refraction pattern LRB may be formed to fill at least a portion of the first opening OP1, at least a portion of the second opening OP2, and at least a portion of the third opening OP3.

[0167] The second refraction pattern LRB may have an upper surface and a lower surface. For example, the second refraction pattern LRB may include an upper surface S1 and a lower surface S2 in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The lower surface S2 of the second refraction pattern LRB may be a surface facing the first light-emitting element LED1 in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. The upper surface S1 of the second refraction pattern LRB may be opposite to the lower surface S2.

[0168] In an embodiment, the upper surface S1 of the second refraction pattern LRB may be a convex surface. For example, the upper surface S1 of the second refraction pattern LRB may be a convex surface facing the first light-emitting element LED1 in the first auxiliary pixel region SPX1. That is, the upper surface S1 of the second refraction pattern LRB may be a downwardly convex surface.

[0169] Due to the surface tension with the first refractive pattern LRA, the second refractive pattern LRB may have an upper surface S1 that bulges toward the first light-emitting element LED1. That is, without a separate etching process, the second refractive pattern LRB may have an upper surface S1 that bulges toward the first light-emitting element LED1.

[0170] In an embodiment, the spacing distance LS2 in the third direction DR3 between the encapsulation layer TFE and the portion of the upper surface S1 of the second refractive pattern LRB closest to the lower surface S2 may be less than the spacing distance LS1 in the third direction DR3 between the encapsulation layer TFE and the plane extending from the lower surface of the second black matrix pattern BM2. That is, the upper surface S1 of the second refractive pattern LRB may be formed closer to the encapsulation layer TFE than the second black matrix pattern BM2. That is, the upper surface S1 of the second refractive pattern LRB may be formed below the second black matrix pattern BM2.

[0171] In an embodiment, the second refractive pattern LRB may include an organic material. For example, the second refractive pattern LRB may include an acrylic resin, a polyacrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, a melanin resin, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second refractive pattern LRB may include other types of organic materials.

[0172] The second refractive pattern LRB may have a second refractive index. In an embodiment, the second refractive index of the second refractive pattern LRB may be equal to or greater than about 1.5 and equal to or less than about 1.55. For example, the second refractive index may be about 1.5. However, these are merely exemplary values, and the second refractive index may be appropriately changed.

[0173] In an embodiment, the second refractive index of the second refractive pattern LRB and the first refractive index of the first refractive pattern LRA may be substantially the same. For example, each of the second refractive index of the second refractive pattern LRB and the first refractive index of the first refractive pattern LRA may be about 1.5.

[0174] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and in another embodiment, the second refractive index of the second refractive pattern LRB and the first refractive index of the first refractive pattern LRA may be different from each other. For example, the second refractive index of the second refractive pattern LRB may be about 1.55, while the first refractive index of the first refractive pattern LRA may be about 1.5.

[0175] In an embodiment, the second refractive pattern LRB and the first refractive pattern LRA may include substantially the same material. That is, the second refractive pattern LRB and the first initial refractive layer (e.g., Figure 8 the first initial refractive layer PLR1) may include substantially the same material.

[0176] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second refractive pattern LRB and the first refractive pattern LRA may include different materials. That is, the second refractive pattern LRB and the first initial refractive layer may include different materials.

[0177] The first refractive pattern LRA and the second refractive pattern LRB may constitute Figure 3 the first refractive layer LR1.

[0178] Referring to Figure 16 , a second refractive layer LR2 may be formed on the second refractive pattern LRB and the second black matrix pattern BM2. The second refractive layer LR2 may be formed to cover the second black matrix pattern BM2. In addition, the second refractive layer LR2 may be formed to cover the second refractive pattern LRB. For example, the second refractive layer LR2 may be formed to cover the upper surface S1 of the second refractive pattern LRB.

[0179] In an embodiment, the second refractive layer LR2 may include an organic material. For example, the second refractive layer LR2 may include silicone-based resins, polyacrylic resins, polyimide-based resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second refractive layer LR2 may include other types of organic materials.

[0180] In an embodiment, the second refractive layer LR2 may further include high refractive index particles. The high refractive index particles may be dispersed in the second refractive layer LR2 to increase the refractive index of the second refractive layer LR2. For example, the high refractive index particles may include titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0181] The second refractive layer LR2 may have a third refractive index. In an embodiment, the third refractive index of the second refractive layer LR2 may be equal to or greater than about 1.6 and equal to or less than about 1.7. For example, the third refractive index may be about 1.6. However, these are only exemplary values, and the third refractive index may be appropriately changed. That is, the third refractive index of the second refractive layer LR2 may be greater than the second refractive index of the second refractive pattern LRB. In addition, the third refractive index of the second refractive layer LR2 may be greater than the first refractive index of the first refractive pattern LRA.

[0182] Figure 17 is a plan view showing another example of area A of Figure 1 . Figure 18 is a view showing the interior of a vehicle of a display device to which Figure 17 is applied.

[0183] Referring to Figure 17, the first pixel region PX1 may include a first pixel region group IPX and a second pixel region group PPX. The first pixel region group IPX may include a 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA, a 1-2 auxiliary pixel region PXB, and a 1-3 auxiliary pixel region PXC. The second pixel region group PPX may include a 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD, a 2-2 auxiliary pixel region PXE, a 2-3 auxiliary pixel region PXF, and a 2-4 auxiliary pixel region PXG.

[0184] The 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA may emit a first light, the 1-2 auxiliary pixel region PXB may emit a second light, and the 1-3 auxiliary pixel region PXC may emit a third light. For example, the first light may be red light, the second light may be green light, and the third light may be blue light. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first light may be green light, the second light may be red light, and the third light may be blue light. When each of the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA, the 1-2 auxiliary pixel region PXB, and the 1-3 auxiliary pixel region PXC emits light, the first pixel region group IPX may emit light of a specific wavelength.

[0185] The 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD may emit a first light, the 2-2 auxiliary pixel region PXE may emit a second light, and each of the 2-3 auxiliary pixel region PXF and the 2-4 auxiliary pixel region PXG may emit a third light. When each of the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD, the 2-2 auxiliary pixel region PXE, the 2-3 auxiliary pixel region PXF, and the 2-4 auxiliary pixel region PXG emits light, the second pixel region group PPX may emit light of a specific wavelength. For example, the second pixel region group PPX may emit light having a wavelength substantially the same as that of the first pixel region group IPX. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the second pixel region group PPX may emit light having a wavelength different from that of the first pixel region group IPX.

[0186] In a plan view, the 1-2 auxiliary pixel region PXB may be adjacent to the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2. In a plan view, the 1-3 auxiliary pixel region PXC may be adjacent to the 1-2 auxiliary pixel region PXB in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2.

[0187] In a plan view, the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD may be adjacent to the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA in the first direction DR1. In a plan view, the 2-2 auxiliary pixel region PXE may be adjacent to the 1-2 auxiliary pixel region PXB in the first direction DR1. In a plan view, each of the 2-3 auxiliary pixel region PXF and the 2-4 auxiliary pixel region PXG may be adjacent to the 1-3 auxiliary pixel region PXC in the first direction DR1.

[0188] In a plan view, the 2-2 auxiliary pixel region PXE can be adjacent to the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2. In a plan view, the 2-3 auxiliary pixel region PXF can be adjacent to the 2-2 auxiliary pixel region PXE in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2. In a plan view, the 2-4 auxiliary pixel region PXG can be adjacent to the 2-3 auxiliary pixel region PXF in a direction opposite to the second direction DR2.

[0189] A display device (e.g., Figure 1 display device DD) may further include a first black matrix pattern BMA-1, a second black matrix pattern BMA-2, a third black matrix pattern BMA-3, and a fourth black matrix pattern BMB.

[0190] In a plan view, the first black matrix pattern BMA-1 can be adjacent to the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA in a direction opposite to the first direction DR1. For example, the first black matrix pattern BMA-1 can be disposed in the 1-1 non-light-emitting region (e.g., Figure 19 1-1 non-light-emitting region BAA-1). The first black matrix pattern BMA-1 can extend in the second direction DR2.

[0191] In a plan view, the second black matrix pattern BMA-2 can pass through the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA, the 1-2 auxiliary pixel region PXB, and the 1-3 auxiliary pixel region PXC. For example, in a plan view, the second black matrix pattern BMA-2 can pass through the central portion of the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA, the central portion of the 1-2 auxiliary pixel region PXB, and the central portion of the 1-3 auxiliary pixel region PXC. The second black matrix pattern BMA-2 can extend in the second direction DR2. That is, the second black matrix pattern BMA-2 can be parallel to the first black matrix pattern BMA-1.

[0192] In a plan view, the third black matrix pattern BMA-3 can be adjacent to the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA in the first direction DR1. For example, the third black matrix pattern BMA-3 can be disposed in the 1-2 non-light-emitting region (e.g., Figure 19 1-2 non-light-emitting region BAA-2).

[0193] That is, the third black matrix pattern BMA-3 can be disposed between the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA and the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD. The third black matrix pattern BMA-3 can extend in the second direction DR2. That is, the third black matrix pattern BMA-3 can be parallel to the first black matrix pattern BMA-1 and the second black matrix pattern BMA-2.

[0194] The fourth black matrix pattern BMB may be disposed in a non-light-emitting region adjacent to the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD, the 2-2 auxiliary pixel region PXE, the 2-3 auxiliary pixel region PXF, and the 2-4 auxiliary pixel region PXG. That is, in a plan view, the fourth black matrix pattern BMB may be superimposed on a non-light-emitting region adjacent to the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD, the 2-2 auxiliary pixel region PXE, the 2-3 auxiliary pixel region PXF, and the 2-4 auxiliary pixel region PXG.

[0195] For example, the fourth black matrix pattern BMB may be disposed in the 2-1 non-light-emitting region (e.g., Figure 20 the 2-1 non-light-emitting region BAB-1) and the 2-2 non-light-emitting region (e.g., Figure 20 the 2-2 non-light-emitting region BAB-2) adjacent to the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD. The fourth black matrix pattern BMB may extend in the first direction DR1.

[0196] In an embodiment, the fourth black matrix pattern BMB may be separated from the third black matrix pattern BMA-3. For example, an end portion of the fourth black matrix pattern BMB may be separated from the third black matrix pattern BMA-3.

[0197] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and in another embodiment, the fourth black matrix pattern BMB may be connected to the third black matrix pattern BMA-3. For example, an end portion of the fourth black matrix pattern BMB may be connected to the third black matrix pattern BMA-3.

[0198] The second pixel region PX2, the third pixel region PX3, and the fourth pixel region PX4 may have substantially the same structure as the first pixel region PX1.

[0199] Further referring to Figure 18 , the vehicle 1000 may refer to various devices for moving an object (such as a person or an object) from a starting point to a destination. For example, the vehicle 1000 may include a four-wheel vehicle, a three-wheel vehicle, a motor device, a train, etc.

[0200] The vehicle 1000 may include a passenger dashboard 100, a center dashboard 200, and a window 300. For example, the passenger dashboard 100 and the center dashboard 200 may be installed inside the vehicle 1000. In addition, the window 300 may be installed in front of the vehicle 1000. The passenger dashboard 100 may be arranged to correspond to the passenger seat. The center dashboard 200 may be disposed at one side of the passenger dashboard 100.

[0201] In an embodiment, Figure 17The display device can be included in the passenger dashboard 100. In the case of the privacy mode, the image emitted from the display device included in the passenger dashboard 100 cannot be seen from the driver's seat. On the contrary, in the case of the privacy mode, the image emitted from the display device included in the passenger dashboard 100 can be seen from the passenger's seat.

[0202] In the privacy mode, the first pixel region group IPX can emit light, and the second pixel region group PPX can not emit light. That is, in the privacy mode, each of the 1-1 auxiliary pixel regions PXA, 1-2 auxiliary pixel regions PXB, and 1-3 auxiliary pixel regions PXC can emit light of a specific wavelength, so that the first pixel region group IPX can emit light of a specific wavelength. Since the display device includes the first black matrix pattern BMA-1, the second black matrix pattern BMA-2, and the third black matrix pattern BMA-3, the light emitted from the first pixel region group IPX can reach the passenger's seat and cannot reach the driver's seat.

[0203] On the other hand, in the case of the privacy mode, each of the 2-1 auxiliary pixel regions PXD, 2-2 auxiliary pixel regions PXE, 2-3 auxiliary pixel regions PXF, and 2-4 auxiliary pixel regions PXG can not emit light.

[0204] In the case of the common mode, the image emitted from the display device included in the passenger dashboard 100 can be viewed from both the passenger's seat and the driver's seat.

[0205] In the common mode, each of the first pixel region group IPX and the second pixel region group PPX can emit light. That is, each of the 1-1 auxiliary pixel regions PXA, 1-2 auxiliary pixel regions PXB, and 1-3 auxiliary pixel regions PXC emits light so that the first pixel region group IPX can emit light of a specific wavelength. In addition, each of the 2-1 auxiliary pixel regions PXD, 2-2 auxiliary pixel regions PXE, 2-3 auxiliary pixel regions PXF, and 2-4 auxiliary pixel regions PXG emits light so that the second pixel region group PPX can emit light of a specific wavelength.

[0206] In the common mode, since the display device includes the first black matrix pattern BMA-1, the second black matrix pattern BMA-2, and the third black matrix pattern BMA-3, the light emitted from the first pixel region group IPX can reach the passenger's seat and cannot reach the driver's seat.

[0207] On the other hand, the light emitted from the second pixel region group PPX can reach the driver's seat. Since the display device includes the fourth black matrix pattern BMB, the display device can have a narrow viewing angle.

[0208] For example, the display device may have a narrow viewing angle in the second direction DR2 and the direction opposite to the second direction DR2. Therefore, the image emitted from the display device does not travel toward the window 300. Therefore, the image emitted from the display device may not be reflected by the window 300 and may not reach the driver's seat.

[0209] Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the display device taken along Figure 17 line II-II'. Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the display device taken along Figure 17 line III-III'.

[0210] When describing Figure 19 and Figure 20 the display device, components that are substantially the same as those of the display device DD of Figure 3 are given substantially the same reference numerals, and their detailed description may be omitted.

[0211] Referring to Figure 19 , the first light-emitting element LEDA may be disposed in the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA. The first light-emitting element LEDA may include a first pixel electrode PEA, a first light-emitting layer EMLA, and a first common electrode CEA.

[0212] The first pixel electrode PEA may be connected to the first transistor TRA through a contact hole defined in the insulating layer IL.

[0213] The first black matrix pattern BMA-1 may include a 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11 and a 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12. The second black matrix pattern BMA-2 may include a 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21 and a 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22. The third black matrix pattern BMA-3 may include a 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 and a 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32.

[0214] The 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11 may be disposed on the first light-emitting element LEDA. For example, the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11 may be disposed on the encapsulation layer TFE. The 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11 may be disposed in the 1-1 non-light-emitting region BAA-1.

[0215] The 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21 can be disposed on the first light-emitting element LEDA. For example, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21 can be disposed on the encapsulation layer TFE. The 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21 can be spaced apart from the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11 in the first direction DR1. The 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21 can be disposed in at least a part of the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA. For example, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21 can be disposed in the central portion of the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region PXA. That is to say, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21 can be disposed between the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11 and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31.

[0216] The 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can be disposed on the first light-emitting element LEDA. For example, the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can be disposed on the encapsulation layer TFE. The 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can be disposed in the 1-2 non-light-emitting region BAA-2.

[0217] Each of the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21, and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can include an inorganic material. For example, each of the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21, and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-3x1 can include an inorganic material such as tantalum molybdenum oxide (“MTO”). For example, each of the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21, and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can have an MTO single-layer structure.

[0218] Optionally, each of the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21, and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can have a bilayer structure including MTO / Mo, MTO / Cu, MTO / Al, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0219] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and each of the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21, and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can include various materials having relatively low transmittance and reflectance and relatively high absorptance. For example, each of the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21, and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can include an organic material containing a black pigment.

[0220] The 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be disposed on the encapsulation layer TFE. The 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can cover the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21, and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31.

[0221] The 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can include an upper surface S1' and a lower surface S2'. The lower surface S2' of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be the surface facing the substrate SUB. That is, the lower surface S2' of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be the surface facing the first light-emitting element LEDA. The upper surface S1' of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be the surface opposite to the lower surface S2'. The upper surface S1' of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be the boundary surface where the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 and the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 described later contact each other.

[0222] In an embodiment, the upper surface S1' of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be a convex surface. For example, the upper surface S1' of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be a convex surface facing the first light-emitting element LEDA. That is, the upper surface S1' of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be a downwardly convex surface.

[0223] For example, the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can have a downwardly convex upper surface S1' between the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12 and the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22. In addition, the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can have a downwardly convex upper surface S1' between the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22 and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32.

[0224] In an embodiment, the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can include an organic material. For example, the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can include acrylic resin, polyacrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, melanin resin, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can include other types of organic materials.

[0225] The 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can have a first refractive index. In an embodiment, the first refractive index of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can be equal to or greater than about 1.5 and equal to or less than about 1.55. For example, the first refractive index can be about 1.5. However, these are only exemplary values, and the first refractive index can be appropriately changed.

[0226] The 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12 can be provided on the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1. The 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12 can be provided in the 1-1 non-light-emitting area BAA-1. That is, in a plan view, the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12 can be superimposed on the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11.

[0227] The 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22 can be provided on the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1. In a plan view, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22 can be superimposed on the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21.

[0228] The 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can be provided on the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1. The 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can be provided in the 1-2 non-light-emitting area BAA-2. That is, in a plan view, the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can be superimposed on the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31.

[0229] Each of the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22, and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can include an inorganic material. For example, each of the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22, and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can include an inorganic material such as tantalum molybdenum oxide (“MTO”). For example, each of the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22, and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can have an MTO single-layer structure.

[0230] Optionally, each of the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22, and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can have a bilayer structure including MTO / Mo, MTO / Cu, MTO / Al, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0231] However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and each of the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22, and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can include various materials having relatively low transmittance and reflectance and relatively high absorptance. For example, each of the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22, and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32 can include an organic material containing a black pigment.

[0232] The 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can be disposed on the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1, the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22, and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32. The 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can cover the 1-2 black matrix pattern BMA-12, the 2-2 black matrix pattern BMA-22, and the 3-2 black matrix pattern BMA-32. In addition, the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can cover the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1. For example, the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can cover the upper surface S1' of the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1.

[0233] In an embodiment, the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can include an organic material. For example, the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can include silicone resins, polyacrylic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can include other types of organic materials.

[0234] In an embodiment, the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can further include high refractive index particles. The high refractive index particles can be dispersed in the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 to increase the refractive index of the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2. For example, the high refractive index particles can include titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0235] The 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can have a second refractive index. In an embodiment, the second refractive index of the 1-2 refractive layer LRA-2 can be equal to or greater than about 1.6 and equal to or less than about 1.7. For example, the second refractive index can be about 1.6. However, these are only exemplary values, and the second refractive index can be appropriately changed. That is, the second refractive index can be greater than the first refractive index.

[0236] Further referring to Figure 20 , the second light-emitting element LEDB can be disposed in the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD. The second light-emitting element LEDB can include a second pixel electrode PEB, a second light-emitting layer EMLB, and a second common electrode CEB. The fourth black matrix pattern BMB can include a 4-1 black matrix pattern BMB-1 and a 4-2 black matrix pattern BMB-2.

[0237] The second pixel electrode PEB can be connected to the second transistor TRB through a contact hole defined in the insulating layer IL.

[0238] The 4-1 black matrix pattern BMB-1 can be provided on the second light-emitting element LEDB. For example, the 4-1 black matrix pattern BMB-1 can be provided on the encapsulation layer TFE. The 4-1 black matrix pattern BMB-1 can be provided in the 2-1 non-light-emitting region BAB-1 and the 2-2 non-light-emitting region BAB-2.

[0239] For example, the 4-1 black matrix pattern BMB-1, the 1-1 black matrix pattern BMA-11, the 2-1 black matrix pattern BMA-21, and the 3-1 black matrix pattern BMA-31 can include substantially the same material.

[0240] The 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can be provided on the encapsulation layer TFE. The 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can cover the 4-1 black matrix pattern BMB-1. The 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can include an upper surface S1'' and a lower surface S2''. The lower surface S2'' of the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can be the surface facing the substrate SUB. That is, the lower surface S2'' of the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can be the surface facing the second light-emitting element LEDB. The upper surface S1'' of the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can be the surface opposite to the lower surface S2''. The upper surface S1'' of the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can be the boundary surface where the 2-2 refractive layer LRB-2 and the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 described later contact each other.

[0241] In an embodiment, the upper surface S1'' of the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can be a convex surface. For example, the upper surface S1'' of the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can be a convex surface facing the second light-emitting element LEDB. That is, the upper surface S1'' of the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can be a downwardly convex surface. For example, the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can have a convex upper surface S1'' in the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region PXD.

[0242] In an embodiment, the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 and the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can include substantially the same material. In addition, the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 and the 1-1 refractive layer LRA-1 can have substantially the same refractive index. That is, the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1 can have a first refractive index.

[0243] The 4-2 black matrix pattern BMB-2 can be provided on the 2-1 refractive layer LRB-1. The 4-2 black matrix pattern BMB-2 can be provided in the 2-1 non-light-emitting region BAB-1 and the 2-2 non-light-emitting region BAB-2. That is, in a plan view, the 4-2 black matrix pattern BMB-2 can be superimposed on the 4-1 black matrix pattern BMB-1.

[0244] The black matrix patterns BMB-2, BMA-12, BMA-22, and BMA-32 may include substantially the same materials.

[0245] The refractive layer LRB-2 may be disposed on the refractive layer LRB-1 and the black matrix pattern BMB-2. The refractive layer LRB-2 may cover the black matrix pattern BMB-2. In addition, the refractive layer LRB-2 may cover the refractive layer LRB-1. For example, the refractive layer LRB-2 may cover the upper surface S1'' of the refractive layer LRB-1.

[0246] In an embodiment, the refractive layer LRB-2 and the refractive layer LRA-2 may include substantially the same materials. In addition, the refractive layer LRB-2 and the refractive layer LRA-2 may have substantially the same refractive index. That is, the refractive layer LRB-2 may have a second refractive index.

[0247] The present disclosure may be applied to various display devices. For example, the present disclosure may be applicable to various display devices such as display devices for vehicles, ships, and airplanes, portable communication devices, display devices for exhibitions or information transmission, medical display devices, and the like.

[0248] The above is an illustration of embodiments and should not be construed as a limitation of the embodiments. Although some embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art will readily understand that many modifications can be made to the embodiments without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the inventive concept. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the inventive concept as defined in the claims. Accordingly, it should be understood that the above is an illustration of various embodiments, should not be construed as limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and modifications to the disclosed embodiments and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: a light-emitting element, disposed in the auxiliary pixel region; a first black matrix pattern, disposed on the light-emitting element in a non-light-emitting area adjacent to the auxiliary pixel area; a first refractive layer covering the first black matrix pattern and having a first refractive index, wherein the first refractive layer has a convex upper surface facing the light emitting element; as well as The second refractive layer covers the upper surface of the protrusion of the first refractive layer on the first refractive layer and has a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The second refractive index is greater than the first refractive index.

3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein: The first refractive index is equal to or greater than 1.5 and equal to or less than 1.55, and the second refractive index is equal to or greater than 1.6 and equal to or less than 1.

7.

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The first refractive layer has a convex upper surface facing the light emitting element in the auxiliary pixel region.

5. The display device according to claim 1 , further comprising: A second black matrix pattern is arranged in the non-luminescent area on the first refractive layer. The display device according to claim 5 , wherein: The second refractive layer covers the second black matrix pattern.

7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein Each of the first refraction layer and the second refraction layer includes an organic material.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The first refraction layer includes a first portion disposed in the auxiliary pixel area and a second portion disposed in the non-light emitting area, and The first portion of the first refractive layer and the second portion of the first refractive layer include different materials.

9. A display device, comprising: A first light-emitting element is disposed in the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region; a second light-emitting element disposed in a 2-1 auxiliary pixel region, wherein the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region is adjacent to the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region in a first direction in a plan view; a 1-1 black matrix pattern, disposed on the first light-emitting element, adjacent to the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region in a direction opposite to the first direction in a plan view, and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a 2-1 black matrix pattern, disposed on the first light-emitting element, passing through the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region in a plan view, and extending in the second direction; 3-1 black matrix pattern, provided in a non-luminescent region adjacent to the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region on the second light-emitting element, and extending in the first direction; a 1-1 refractive layer, disposed on the first light-emitting element, covering the 1-1 black matrix pattern and the 2-1 black matrix pattern, and having a first refractive index, wherein the 1-1 refractive layer has a convex upper surface facing the first light-emitting element; as well as A 1-2 refractive layer covers an upper surface of the protrusion of the 1-1 refractive layer and has a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.

10. The display device according to claim 9, further comprising: A 4-1 black matrix pattern is disposed on the first light-emitting element, between the 1-1 auxiliary pixel region and the 2-1 auxiliary pixel region, and extends in the second direction.

11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein: The 1-1 refractive layer covers the 4-1 black matrix pattern.

12. The display device according to claim 11, further comprising: 1-2 black matrix pattern, disposed on the 1-1 refractive layer and overlapping with the 1-1 black matrix pattern in a plan view; 2-2 black matrix pattern, disposed on the 1-1 refractive layer and overlapping with the 2-1 black matrix pattern in a plan view; as well as 4-2 black matrix pattern, disposed on the 1-1 refractive layer and overlapping the 4-1 black matrix pattern in a plan view.

13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein: The 1-2 refractive layer covers the 1-2 black matrix pattern, the 2-2 black matrix pattern, and the 4-2 black matrix pattern.

14. The display device according to claim 12, wherein: The 1-1 refractive layer has an upper surface facing the protrusion of the first light emitting element between the 1-2 black matrix pattern and the 2-2 black matrix pattern.

15. The display device according to claim 14, wherein The 1-1 refractive layer has an upper surface facing the protrusion of the first light emitting element between the 2-2 black matrix pattern and the 4-2 black matrix pattern.

16. The display device according to claim 9, further comprising: The 2-1 refractive layer is disposed on the second light-emitting element, covers the 3-1 black matrix pattern, and has a convex upper surface facing the second light-emitting element.

17. The display device according to claim 16, wherein: The 2-1 refractive layer has the first refractive index.

18. The display device according to claim 17, further comprising: The 2-2 refractive layer covers the upper surface of the protrusion of the 2-1 refractive layer and has the second refractive index.

19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein The second refractive index is greater than the first refractive index.

20. The display device according to claim 19, wherein The first refractive index is equal to or greater than 1.5 and equal to or less than 1.55, and the second refractive index is equal to or greater than 1.6 and equal to or less than 1.

7.

21. The display device according to claim 18, further comprising: 3-2 black matrix pattern, disposed on the 2-1 refractive layer and overlapping the 3-1 black matrix pattern in a plan view, and Wherein, the 2-2 refractive layer covers the 3-2 black matrix pattern.

22. A method for manufacturing a display device, the method comprising the following steps: forming a light emitting element in the auxiliary pixel region; forming a first initial black matrix layer on the light emitting element; forming a first initial refractive layer on the first initial black matrix layer; forming a second initial black matrix layer on the first initial refractive layer; forming an opening by removing portions of the first preliminary black matrix layer, the first preliminary refractive layer, and the second preliminary black matrix layer; forming a first refraction pattern filling at least a portion of the opening, the first refraction pattern having a convex upper surface facing the light emitting element, wherein the first refraction pattern has a first refractive index; and A refractive layer covering an upper surface of the convexity of the first refractive pattern and having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index is formed on the first refractive pattern.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein The second refractive index is greater than the first refractive index.

24. The method according to claim 22, wherein The steps of forming the opening include: forming a metal layer and a photoresist layer on the second initial black matrix layer; removing portions of the metal layer and the photoresist layer overlapping the auxiliary pixel region in a plan view; and Portions of the first preliminary black matrix layer, the first preliminary refractive layer, and the second preliminary black matrix layer overlapping the auxiliary pixel region in a plan view are removed.

25. The method according to claim 22, wherein The first preliminary refraction layer and the first refraction pattern may include the same material.

26. The method according to claim 22, wherein Each of the first black matrix pattern, the second refraction pattern, and the second black matrix pattern is formed by forming the opening by removing portions of the first preliminary black matrix layer, the first preliminary refraction layer, and the second preliminary black matrix layer.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein An upper surface of the first refraction pattern facing the protrusion of the light emitting element is formed below the second black matrix pattern.

Images