Layered precision deep application device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a layered precision deep application device and method, which comprises a rack, a driving mechanism, a rotary tillage mechanism, a fertilizer discharging mechanism, a ridging mechanism, a temperature sensing unit and a temperature control unit. The rotary tillage mechanism comprises a rotary tillage knife and a rotary tillage shaft, the rotary tillage knife is installed on the rotary tillage shaft, and the rotary tillage shaft is connected with the driving mechanism. The fertilizer discharging mechanism comprises upper and lower fertilizer discharging components, which are respectively installed on the rack and connected with the driving mechanism. The upper fertilizer discharging component is located behind the lower fertilizer discharging component, and the installation rod is parallel to and higher than the front suspension rod. The lower fertilizer discharging component is located behind the rotary tillage mechanism, and the installation rod is parallel to and has the same height as the front suspension rod. The ridging mechanism comprises upper and lower ridging components. The temperature sensing unit comprises a temperature sensor and a single-chip microcomputer. The temperature sensor collects temperature data in different time periods in real time and transmits the temperature data to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer calculates daily average temperature and effective accumulated temperature. The temperature control unit is connected with the temperature sensing unit and the driving component respectively, and realizes the regulation and control of upper and lower layered fertilizer application amounts according to different accumulated temperatures. The application further discloses a layered precision deep application method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a stratified precision deep application device and method based on effective accumulated temperature determination. Background Technology

[0002] Scientific fertilization and rational planting techniques are key to increasing crop yield, especially in areas with significant differences in accumulated temperature. Crop fertilization should employ a layered, deep basal fertilizer application method. The upper layer should be applied 5-7 cm below the seed, accounting for 1 / 3 of the total basal fertilizer. The lower layer should be applied 10-12 cm below the seed, accounting for 2 / 3 of the total basal fertilizer. In cooler areas with lower accumulated temperature, the proportion of fertilizer applied in the lower layer should be appropriately reduced. Currently, in crop production, the amount and proportion of fertilizer are determined based on experience. At present, the focus of crop fertilization machines is on variable fertilization technology based on soil testing and formula-based fertilization, neglecting the low crop yield caused by large regional temperature differences. Furthermore, variable fertilization technology based on soil testing and formula-based fertilization has not been widely adopted. Given the vast and diverse planting areas across different regions, resulting in significant differences in accumulated temperature, problems such as inaccurate fertilization ratios between upper and lower layers of crops, low fertilizer utilization, low crop yields, and poor applicability of machinery, there is an urgent need for a stratified precision deep application device based on effective accumulated temperature determination. This device would enable precise deep application of fertilizers to crops based on effective accumulated temperature, thereby solving the current problem of low crop yields and improving the applicability of machinery and fertilizer utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art by providing a stratified precision deep application device and method based on effective accumulated temperature determination, so as to achieve precise control of the amount of fertilizer applied in different regions and under different accumulated temperatures, improve fertilizer utilization and crop yield, enhance the accuracy of the ratio of fertilizer application in the upper and lower layers of the crop, and greatly improve the applicability of the equipment.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a layered, precise, deep application device, comprising:

[0005] frame;

[0006] The drive mechanism is mounted on the frame;

[0007] The rotary tillage mechanism, mounted on the frame, includes multiple sets of rotary tillage components arranged in parallel side by side. Each set of rotary tillage components includes a rotary tillage blade and a rotary tillage shaft. The rotary tillage blade is mounted on the rotary tillage shaft, and the rotary tillage shaft is connected to the drive mechanism.

[0008] The fertilizer discharging mechanism includes an upper fertilizer discharging component and a lower fertilizer discharging component, which are respectively mounted on the frame and connected to the drive mechanism. The upper fertilizer discharging component is used for upper-level fertilization and is located behind the lower fertilizer discharging component. The mounting rod of the upper fertilizer discharging component is parallel to and higher than the front suspension rod of the frame. The lower fertilizer discharging component is used for lower-level fertilization and is located behind the rotary tillage mechanism. The mounting rod of the lower fertilizer discharging component is parallel to the front suspension rod and at the same height. Fertilizer boxes are respectively installed on the top of the upper and lower fertilizer discharging components.

[0009] The ridging mechanism includes an upper ridging component and a lower ridging component, which are respectively installed on the frame. The lower ridging component is used for the first ridging and is located behind the lower fertilizer application component. The upper ridging component is used for the second ridging and is located behind the upper fertilizer application component.

[0010] An accumulated temperature sensing unit, mounted on the rack, includes a temperature sensor and a microcontroller. The temperature sensor collects temperatures in real time over different time periods and transmits the collected temperature data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller calculates the daily average air temperature and effective accumulated temperature, thus realizing accumulated temperature sensing.

[0011] The temperature control unit is connected to the accumulated temperature sensing unit and the driving component, respectively, and is used to control the fertilizer dispensing mechanism through the driving component according to different accumulated temperatures, so as to realize the regulation of the amount of fertilizer applied in the upper and lower layers.

[0012] The aforementioned layered precision deep application device includes a driving component comprising a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic speed control valve, a gearbox, a first chain drive component, a second chain drive component, and a third chain drive component. The hydraulic speed control valve is connected to the hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor is connected to the upper fertilizer application component via the third chain drive component, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the upper layer is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the upper fertilizer application component. The gearbox is connected to the rotary tillage shaft via the first chain drive component. The gearbox is connected to the lower fertilizer application component via the second chain drive component, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the lower layer is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the lower fertilizer application component.

[0013] The aforementioned layered precision deep application device, wherein the upper fertilizer discharge component and the lower fertilizer discharge component respectively include:

[0014] The fertilizer dispensing component includes a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer dispensing shaft, and a fertilizer discharge pipe. The feed inlet of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the discharge outlet of the fertilizer tank, and the lower end of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the upper end of the fertilizer discharge pipe. The fertilizer dispenser includes a housing and two cylindrical gears with different numbers of teeth located inside the housing. The two cylindrical gears are mounted side-by-side on the fertilizer dispensing shaft by a clamping member. The fertilizer dispensing shaft drives the two cylindrical gears to interact, causing the fertilizer particles in the fertilizer tank to move downwards to achieve fertilizer discharge. The fertilizer dispensing shaft of the lower fertilizer dispensing component is connected to the gearbox via a second chain drive component, and the fertilizer dispensing shaft of the upper fertilizer dispensing component is connected to the hydraulic motor via a third chain drive.

[0015] The furrow opener is installed at its upper end on the lower side of the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the furrow opener, with the installation direction of the fertilizer discharge pipe being the same as the furrow opening direction of the furrow opener.

[0016] In the aforementioned layered precision deep application device, the temperature control unit controls the fertilizer application rate and depth by controlling the rotational speed of the gearbox and the gear position of the hydraulic motor speed control valve.

[0017] ;

[0018] Among them, Q x This represents the transport flow rate of the upper layer fertilizer, expressed in g / s. This refers to the bulk density of the fertilizer, expressed in g / mm². 3 ; V is the fertilizer filling coefficient; C is the skewing correction coefficient; k is the ratio of the number of gear teeth between the gearbox and the fertilizer distribution shaft; V b S represents the gearbox speed, measured in r / s. J The geometric volume of the fertilizer discharge shaft is in mm. 3 / r;

[0019] ;

[0020] Among them, Q s This represents the transport flow rate of the lower layer fertilizer, expressed in g / s. This refers to the bulk density of the fertilizer, expressed in g / mm². 3 ; C is the fertilizer filling coefficient; V is the slant correction coefficient; y S is the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor output shaft, in r / s; k1 is the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear between the hydraulic motor output shaft and the upper distribution shaft; S J The geometric volume of the fertilizer discharge shaft is in mm. 3 / r.

[0021] In the aforementioned layered precision deep application device, the temperature control unit is respectively installed on the rotary tillage mounting rod of the frame and near the front of the hydraulic motor, and is respectively connected to the rotating shaft of the gearbox and the hydraulic motor.

[0022] The aforementioned layered precision deep application device includes an upper ridging component and a lower ridging component, each comprising a wing-shaped shovel, a connecting rod, and a spring suspension. The wing-shaped shovel is connected to one end of the connecting rod, the connecting rod is connected to one end of the spring suspension, and the other end of the spring suspension is connected to the frame. The connecting rod and the wing-shaped shovel move up and down together via the spring suspension.

[0023] In the aforementioned layered precision deep application device, the accumulated temperature sensing unit is mounted on the rotary tillage mounting rod of the frame and connected to the tractor output shaft and oil outlet.

[0024] In the aforementioned layered precision deep application device, the effective accumulated temperature is calculated using the following formula:

[0025] ;

[0026] Where T is the effective accumulated temperature, in °C·day; T0 is biological zero, in °C; T j The sum of temperatures at all times on the day is expressed in °C; m represents the number of times the measurements were taken.

[0027] In the aforementioned layered precision deep application device, the relationship between the lowering depth of the furrow opener and the fertilization depth is as follows:

[0028] , ;

[0029] Among them, H g H represents the depth of the trench, in mm. s The depth of fertilization is measured in mm; S e The error between trenching depth and fertilization depth is due to soil properties; k2 is the proportional coefficient of fertilization depth per unit effective accumulated temperature, in mm / ℃·day; T is the effective accumulated temperature, in ℃·day.

[0030] To better achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a layered, precise, and deep fertilization method, wherein the layered, precise, and deep fertilization device described above is used for fertilization, comprising the following steps:

[0031] The accumulated temperature sensing unit detects the temperature at different times of the day and transmits the acquired temperature data to the temperature control unit.

[0032] The temperature control unit adjusts the amount and depth of fertilizer application by controlling the speed of the gearbox and the gear of the hydraulic motor speed control valve, respectively, based on the temperature data.

[0033] The trenching depth of the trencher is adjusted according to the fertilization depth, and the trencher moves forward to open trenches as the tractor moves forward;

[0034] The gearbox drives the rotary tillage mechanism and the lower fertilizer discharge component via the first and second chain drive components respectively; fertilizer granules are discharged through the discharge pipe of the lower fertilizer discharge component; the lower ridging component rids the soil according to the required agronomic height; and

[0035] The hydraulic motor drives the upper fertilizer discharge component through the third chain transmission component, and the fertilizer granules are discharged through the discharge pipe of the upper fertilizer discharge component; the upper ridging component rids the soil according to the ridging height of the planting agronomy.

[0036] The technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0037] This invention utilizes effective accumulated temperature determination for precise, layered deep fertilization. The rationally designed device fundamentally solves problems caused by large temperature differences between regions, leading to inaccurate fertilization ratios between upper and lower layers, low fertilizer utilization, low crop yield, and poor machine applicability. It achieves precise control of temperature-sensitive variables in layered fertilization under different accumulated temperatures in different regions. Specifically, it employs a combined fertilization method of rotary tillage-lower layer ditching-lower layer fertilization-ridgeing-upper layer ditching-upper layer fertilization-ridgeing, and a transmission method where the upper and lower fertilizer distribution shafts are controlled by hydraulic motors and chain drives respectively. This solves the problem of existing layered fertilization methods' inability to precisely control the amount and depth of fertilizer applied in the upper and lower layers, enabling convenient adjustment of both fertilization depth and amount. It features precise variable self-adjustment and utilization; employing an accumulated temperature sensing unit, it can detect the temperature at different times before crop planting and calculate the active and effective accumulated temperatures, displaying them on the screen. This helps to more accurately adjust the upper and lower fertilization rates. The data is transmitted to the temperature control unit, which controls the gearbox speed and hydraulic speed control valve gear according to different active accumulated temperatures, adjusting the speed of the upper and lower fertilizer distribution shafts, and thus adjusting the upper and lower fertilization rates separately. This improves the accuracy of fertilization rate control, enabling precise deep stratified fertilization based on effective accumulated temperature. It increases fertilizer utilization and crop yield, enhances the accuracy of the upper and lower fertilization ratio, and greatly improves the applicability of the machine.

[0038] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary tillage component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower fertilizer discharge component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fertilizer distributor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower ridging component structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Among them, the attached figures are labeled

[0045] 1. Rotary tillage mechanism

[0046] 11 Rotary Tiller Components

[0047] 12 Rotary Tiller Blades

[0048] 13 Rotary Tiller Shaft

[0049] 14 Soil Protection Box

[0050] 2. Fertilizer Discharge Mechanism

[0051] 21. Upper fertilizer discharge components

[0052] 22 Lower layer fertilizer discharge components

[0053] 221 Fertilizer Distributor

[0054] 2211 Outer shell

[0055] 2212 Left cylindrical gear

[0056] 2213 Right cylindrical gear

[0057] 222 Fertilizer Spindle

[0058] 223 Trencher

[0059] 224 Fertilizer Discharge Pipe

[0060] 23 Fertilizer Box

[0061] 3 Ridging Mechanism

[0062] 31 Upper ridging component

[0063] 32 Lower layer ridging component

[0064] 321 Wing-shaped shovel

[0065] 322 Connecting rod

[0066] 323 Spring Suspension

[0067] 4. Drive mechanism

[0068] 41 Hydraulic motor

[0069] 42 Hydraulic speed control valve

[0070] 43 Gearbox

[0071] 44 First chain drive component

[0072] 45 Second chain drive components

[0073] 46 Third-chain drive components

[0074] 5 Temperature control units

[0075] 6 accumulated temperature sensing units

[0076] 7 racks Detailed Implementation

[0077] The structural and working principles of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0078] See Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the device structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The layered precision deep application device of the present invention achieves precise variable control of fertilization based on effective accumulated temperature determination. Specifically, it uses a mechanical structure, an accumulated temperature sensing and temperature control unit 5 to precisely adjust fertilizer application by sensing the accumulated temperature of crops in different regions. The accumulated temperature of crops is the effective accumulated temperature required for crop growth, i.e., the sum of daily average temperatures above 10°C. This layered precision deep application device based on effective accumulated temperature determination includes: a frame 7; a drive mechanism 4, mounted on the frame 7; a rotary tillage mechanism 1, mounted on the frame 7, used to break up soil clods to avoid the presence of large and hard clods that could affect the quality of later fertilization, ridging, and sowing; multiple sets of parallel rotary tillage components 11, each set including a rotary tillage blade and a rotary tillage shaft 13, the rotary tillage blade mounted on the rotary tillage shaft 13, the rotary tillage shaft 13 connected to the drive mechanism 4; and a fertilizer discharge mechanism 2, including an upper fertilizer discharge component 21 and a lower fertilizer discharge component 22. Fertilizer components 22 are respectively installed on the frame 7 and connected to the drive mechanism 4. The upper fertilizer discharge component 21 is used for upper-level fertilization and is located behind the lower fertilizer discharge component 22. The mounting rod of the upper fertilizer discharge component 21 is parallel to and higher than the front suspension rod of the frame 7. The lower fertilizer discharge component 22 is used for lower-level fertilization and is located behind the rotary tillage mechanism 1. The mounting rod of the lower fertilizer discharge component 22 is parallel to the front suspension rod and at the same height. Fertilizer boxes 23 are respectively installed on the top of the upper fertilizer discharge component 21 and the lower fertilizer discharge component 22 for holding fertilizer. The upper side is equipped with a box cover, which is opened and closed by a hydraulic cylinder. The box body is formed by bending steel plates to create a receiving space. The top of the receiving space is the inlet of the fertilizer box 23, and the outlet of the fertilizer box 23 is located at the bottom of the receiving space. It is connected to the feeding inlet of the fertilizer distributor 221 by bolts to ensure that the fertilizer granules fall accurately into the fertilizer distributor 221. The ridging mechanism 3 includes an upper ridging component 31 and a lower ridging component 32, which are respectively installed on the frame 7. The lower ridging component 32 is used for the first ridging to facilitate the upper fertilization and is located behind the lower fertilizer discharge component 22. The upper ridging component 31... 1 is used for the second ridging and is located behind the upper fertilization mechanism; the accumulated temperature sensing unit 6 is installed on the frame 7 and connected to the tractor, including a temperature sensor and a microcontroller. The temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature in real time at different time periods and transmit the collected temperature data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller calculates the daily average air temperature and effective accumulated temperature to realize accumulated temperature sensing; and the temperature control unit 5 is connected to the accumulated temperature sensing unit 6 and the drive component respectively, and is used to control the fertilizer dispensing mechanism 2 through the drive component according to different accumulated temperatures to realize the regulation of the amount of fertilizer applied in the upper and lower layers.

[0079] In this embodiment, the driving components include a hydraulic motor 41, a hydraulic speed control valve 42, a gearbox 43, a first chain drive component 44, a second chain drive component 45, and a third chain drive component 46. The hydraulic speed control valve 42 is connected to the hydraulic motor 41. The hydraulic motor 41 is connected to the upper fertilizer discharge component 21 via the third chain drive component 46, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the upper layer is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the upper fertilizer discharge component 21. The gearbox 43 is connected to the rotary tillage shaft 13 via the first chain drive component 44. The gearbox 43 is connected to the lower fertilizer discharge component 22 via the second chain drive component 45, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the lower layer is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the lower fertilizer discharge component 22. The gearbox 43 is mounted on the front suspension bracket, and the regular hexagonal rotating shaft is connected to the gearbox 43. One end of the first chain drive component 44 is connected to the rotating shaft of the gearbox 43, and the other end is connected to the rotary tillage shaft 13. The rotary tillage speed is adjusted by the tractor output shaft. The first chain drive component 44 and the second chain drive component 45 are used for the transmission of the rotary tillage mechanism 1 and the rotary tillage-lower fertilizer discharge transmission. They include the gearbox 43 sprocket, the rotary tillage sprocket, the lower fertilizer discharge sprocket, and the rotary tillage-fertilizer discharge chain. One end of the rotary tillage-fertilizer discharge chain is connected to the regular hexagonal rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the lower fertilizer discharge shaft 222. The third transmission chain component includes a hydraulic motor 41 drive sprocket, a hydraulic motor 41 driven sprocket, and a hydraulic motor 41 chain. The hydraulic motor 41 is mounted on the frame 7, with one end connected to the tractor and the other end connected to the hydraulic speed control valve 42. The hydraulic motor 41 drive sprocket is mounted on the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 41, and the hydraulic motor 41 driven sprocket is mounted on the upper fertilizer distribution shaft 222. The hydraulic speed control valve 42 is mounted on the mounting rod of the upper fertilizer discharge component 21, with one end connected to the tractor's oil pipe and the other end connected to the hydraulic motor 41.

[0080] In this embodiment, the temperature control unit 5 is installed on the rotary tillage mounting rod of the frame 7 and near the front of the hydraulic motor 41, that is, at the gearbox 43 and the hydraulic speed control valve 42 respectively, and is connected to the shaft of the gearbox 43 and the hydraulic motor 41 respectively. It is used to adjust the speed of the gearbox 43 and the gear position of the hydraulic speed control valve 42 according to different accumulated temperatures, control the linear speed of the second chain drive component 45 and the oil supply of the hydraulic motor 41, and realize the regulation of the upper and lower layered fertilizer application amount. The formula for the temperature control unit 5 to control the speed of the gearbox 43 and the gear position of the hydraulic motor 41 to control the fertilizer application amount and depth is as follows:

[0081] ;

[0082] Among them, Q x This represents the transport flow rate of the upper layer fertilizer, expressed in g / s. This refers to the bulk density of the fertilizer, expressed in g / mm². 3 ; C is the fertilizer filling coefficient; K is the slant correction coefficient; k is the ratio of the number of gear teeth between the gearbox 43 and the fertilizer distribution shaft 222; V b The speed of the gearbox is 43, in r / s; S J The geometric volume of the fertilizer discharge shaft is in mm. 3 / r;

[0083] ;

[0084] Among them, Q s This represents the transport flow rate of the lower layer fertilizer, expressed in g / s. This refers to the bulk density of the fertilizer, expressed in g / mm². 3 ; C is the fertilizer filling coefficient; V is the slant correction coefficient; y S is the rotational speed of the output shaft of hydraulic motor 41, in r / s; k1 is the ratio of the number of teeth of the gear between the output shaft of hydraulic motor 41 and the upper distribution shaft 222; S J The geometric volume of the fertilizer discharge shaft is in mm. 3 / r.

[0085] In this embodiment, the accumulated temperature sensing unit 6 is mounted on the rotary tillage mounting rod of the frame 7 and connected to the tractor's output shaft and oil outlet. The effective accumulated temperature is calculated using the following formula:

[0086] ;

[0087] Where T is the effective accumulated temperature, in °C·day; T0 is biological zero, in °C; T j The sum of temperatures at all times on the day is expressed in °C; m represents the number of times the measurements were taken.

[0088] The relationship between the lowering depth of the furrow opener 223 and the fertilization depth is as follows:

[0089] , ;

[0090] Among them, H g H represents the depth of the trench, in mm. s The depth of fertilization is measured in mm; S e The error between trenching depth and fertilization depth is due to soil properties; k2 is the proportional coefficient of fertilization depth per unit effective accumulated temperature, in mm / ℃·day; T is the effective accumulated temperature, in ℃·day.

[0091] See Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the rotary tillage component 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The rotary tillage component 11 in this embodiment comprises four sets of rotary tillage blades, mounted on the frame 7 via U-bolts. Each set includes two rotary tillage blades, and each blade includes four rotary tillage blades 12. The blades 12 are fixed to the rotary tillage shaft 13. The spacing between the sets of rotary tillage components 11 can be adjusted according to crop planting agronomy. The rotary tillage shaft 13 is connected to one end of the first chain drive component 44 to break up soil clods, ensuring finer soil after rotary tillage and preventing the presence of large and hard clods that could affect the quality of subsequent fertilization, ridging, and sowing. This embodiment may also include a soil protection box 14, formed by bending sheet metal, located above the rotary tillage blades to prevent soil splashing, ensure the normal operation of other mechanisms, and improve the machine's working efficiency.

[0092] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower fertilizer discharge component 22 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer distributor 221 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The upper fertilizer discharge component 21 and the lower fertilizer discharge component 22 in this embodiment have the same structure, and the installation direction of each component is consistent from back to front. The installation height of the furrow opener 223 of the upper fertilizer discharge component 21 is greater than that of the lower fertilizer discharge component 22. Both the upper fertilizer discharge component 21 and the lower fertilizer discharge component 22 include: a fertilizer separating component, including a fertilizer separator 221, a fertilizer separating shaft 222, and a fertilizer discharge pipe 224. The feeding inlet of the fertilizer separator 221 is fixedly connected to the discharge port of the fertilizer box 23. The lower end of the fertilizer separator 221 is connected to the upper end of the fertilizer discharge pipe 224. The fertilizer discharge pipe 224 has a flexible housing and is fixed to the furrow opener 223 in the same direction as the furrow opening direction of the furrow opener 223. The fertilizer separator 221 is used to drive the fertilizer particles downward. It includes a housing 2211 and two left cylindrical gears 2212 and a right cylindrical gear 2213 of different sizes and numbers of teeth located inside the housing 2211. The left cylindrical gears 2212 and the right cylindrical gears 2213 are mounted side by side on the fertilizer separating shaft 222 by a clamping device. The fertilizer separating shaft 222 drives the left cylindrical gears 2212 and the right cylindrical gears 2213 to interact and drive each other. The fertilizer particles in the fertilizer tank 23 are moved downwards to achieve fertilizer discharge; the fertilizer distribution shaft 222 of the lower fertilizer discharge component 22 is connected to the shaft of the gearbox 43 through the second chain drive component 45. The amount of fertilizer applied in the lower layer is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the lower fertilizer distributor 221, which is used to drive the fertilizer particles downwards; the fertilizer distribution shaft 222 of the upper fertilizer discharge component 21 is connected to the drive sprocket of the hydraulic motor 41 through the third chain drive. The amount of fertilizer applied in the lower layer is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the lower fertilizer distributor 221, which is used to drive the fertilizer particles downwards; and the furrow opener 223 is mounted on the mounting rod on the lower side of the fertilizer tank 23 at its upper end. It has a fertilizer discharge pipe 224 mounting position. The furrow opening depth of the furrow opener 223 can be adjusted according to the fertilization depth. The fertilizer discharge pipe 224 is connected to the furrow opener 223, and the installation direction of the fertilizer discharge pipe 224 is the same as the furrow opening direction of the furrow opener 223. The trenching depth of the trencher 223 is adjusted according to the fertilization depth to determine the fertilization depth before fertilization.

[0093] See Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower ridging component 32 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The upper ridging component 31 and the lower ridging component 32 in this embodiment have the same structure, each including a winged shovel 321, a connecting rod 322, and a spring suspension 323. The connecting rod 322 is preferably Y-shaped. The winged shovel 321 is connected to one end of the connecting rod 322, and the connecting rod 322 is connected to one end of the spring suspension 323. The other end of the spring suspension 323 is connected to the frame 7. The connecting rod 322 and the winged shovel 321 move up and down together via the spring suspension 323, preventing hard soil clods and stones from affecting the depth of fertilization.

[0094] During operation, the accumulated temperature sensing unit 6 detects the temperature at various times of the day and transmits the detected temperature data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller processes the data to calculate the effective accumulated temperature, displays the calculated effective accumulated temperature for the day on the screen, and transmits the data to the temperature control unit 5. The temperature control unit 5 receives the temperature data from the accumulated temperature sensing unit 6, determines the corresponding fertilization amount and depth for different active accumulated temperatures, and controls the speed of the gearbox 43 and the gear position of the hydraulic speed control valve 42 according to the following formula to adjust the speed of the fertilizer distribution shaft 222 and the oil intake of the hydraulic motor 41. The speed of the fertilizer distribution shaft 222 and the gearbox 43 are transmitted via chain drive, and the oil intake of the hydraulic motor 41 is directly controlled by the gear position of the hydraulic motor 41 speed control valve. Therefore, the temperature control unit 5 can control the fertilization amount and depth by controlling the speed of the gearbox 43 and the gear position of the hydraulic motor 41. The relationship between the fertilization amount and the speed of the gearbox 43 is as follows:

[0095] ;

[0096] Among them, Q x This refers to the fertilizer delivery flow rate, expressed in g / s. This refers to the bulk density of the fertilizer, expressed in g / mm². 3 ; C is the fertilizer filling coefficient; K is the slant correction coefficient; k is the ratio of the number of gear teeth between the gearbox 43 and the fertilizer distribution shaft 222; V b The speed of the gearbox is 43, in r / s; S J The geometric volume of the fertilizer discharge shaft is in mm. 3 / r;

[0097] ;

[0098] Among them, Q s This represents the transport flow rate of the lower layer fertilizer, expressed in g / s. This refers to the bulk density of the fertilizer, expressed in g / mm². 3 ; C is the fertilizer filling coefficient; V is the slant correction coefficient; y S is the rotational speed of the output shaft of hydraulic motor 41, in r / s; k1 is the ratio of the number of teeth of the gear between the output shaft of hydraulic motor 41 and the upper distribution shaft 222; S J The geometric volume of the fertilizer discharge shaft is in mm. 3 / r;

[0099] Then the tractor is started, and the lowering depth of the furrow opener 223 is adjusted according to the upper and lower fertilization depths; the relationship between the lowering depth of the furrow opener 223 and the fertilization depth is as follows:

[0100] ;

[0101] ;

[0102] Among them, H g H represents the depth of the trench, in mm. s The depth of fertilization is measured in mm; S e The error between trenching depth and fertilization depth is due to factors such as soil properties; k2 is the proportional coefficient of fertilization depth corresponding to a unit of effective accumulated temperature, in mm / ℃·day; T is the effective accumulated temperature, in ℃·day.

[0103] The gearbox 43 shaft drives the first chain drive component 44 and the second chain drive component 45. The first chain drive component 44 and the second chain drive component 45 respectively drive the rotary tiller blade assembly and the lower fertilizer distribution shaft 222 to rotate. The rotary tiller shaft 13 drives the rotary tiller blades to rotate, and the rotary tillage work begins. The tractor moves forward, and the furrow opener 223 opens furrows forward with the tractor's movement. The second chain drive component 45 drives the lower fertilizer distribution shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the cylindrical gear to rotate. The fertilizer granules move downward through the outlet at the bottom of the fertilizer box 23 into the fertilizer discharge pipe 224, and are discharged through the fertilizer discharge pipe 224, along with the rotation of the cylindrical gear and the action of gravity. The lower ridging mechanism... 3. The tractor then forms ridges according to the planting agronomic ridge height. When the tractor starts, the hydraulic speed control valve 42 is controlled in the corresponding position. The tractor's oil outlet supplies hydraulic oil to the hydraulic motor 41 through the hydraulic oil pipe. The output shaft of the hydraulic motor 41 rotates, driving the drive sprocket of the hydraulic motor 41 to rotate. The third chain transmission component 46 runs, which in turn drives the upper fertilizer distribution shaft to rotate. The rotation of the upper fertilizer distribution shaft drives the cylindrical gear to rotate. The fertilizer particles move downward from the fertilizer box 23 outlet into the fertilizer discharge pipe 224 as the cylindrical gear rotates and gravity acts, and are discharged through the fertilizer discharge pipe 224. The upper ridge-forming mechanism 3 then forms ridges according to the planting agronomic ridge height.

[0104] The layered precision deep application method of the present invention, using the above-mentioned layered precision deep application device for fertilization, includes the following steps:

[0105] The accumulated temperature sensing unit 6 detects the temperature at different times of the day and transmits the acquired temperature data to the temperature control unit 5;

[0106] The temperature control unit 5 adjusts the amount and depth of fertilizer application by controlling the speed of the gearbox 43 and the gear of the hydraulic motor 41 speed control valve, respectively, based on the temperature data.

[0107] The trenching depth of the trencher 223 is adjusted according to the fertilization depth, and the trencher 223 trenches forward as the tractor moves forward.

[0108] The gearbox 43 drives the rotary tillage mechanism 1 and the lower fertilizer discharge component 22 respectively via the first chain drive component 44 and the second chain drive component 45. Fertilizer granules are discharged through the discharge pipe 224 of the lower fertilizer discharge component 22; the lower ridging component 32 rids the soil according to the ridge height required by the planting agronomy; and

[0109] The hydraulic motor 41 drives the upper fertilizer discharge component 21 through the third chain transmission component 46, and the fertilizer particles are discharged through the fertilizer discharge pipe 224 of the upper fertilizer discharge component 21; the upper ridging component 31 rids the soil according to the ridging height of the planting agronomy.

[0110] During operation, firstly, the accumulated temperature sensing unit 6 detects the temperature at different times of the day and displays the active accumulated temperature and effective accumulated temperature of the previous day on the display screen, and transmits the data to the temperature control unit 5; the temperature control unit 5 determines the corresponding amount of fertilizer applied to the upper and lower layers under different active accumulated temperatures, and controls the speed of the gearbox 43 and the gear of the hydraulic speed regulating valve 42; the tractor starts, and adjusts the lowering depth of the furrow opener 223 according to the upper and lower fertilization depths; the gearbox 43 shaft drives the first chain drive component 44 and the second chain drive component 45, which respectively drive the rotary tiller blade assembly and the lower layer fertilizer distribution shaft 222 to rotate, and the rotary tiller shaft 13 drives the rotary tiller blades to rotate, and the rotary tillage work begins; the tractor moves forward, and the furrow opener 223 opens furrows forward with the tractor's movement; the second chain drive component 45 drives the lower layer fertilizer distribution shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the cylindrical gear to rotate, and the fertilizer particles move with the cylindrical gear. The fertilizer particles, under the influence of rotation and gravity, move downwards through the outlet at the bottom of the fertilizer tank 23 into the fertilizer discharge pipe 224 and are discharged through the fertilizer discharge pipe 224. The lower ridging mechanism 3 then forms ridges according to the ridge height specified in the planting agronomical calculation. When the tractor is started, the hydraulic speed control valve 42 is controlled in the corresponding position, and the tractor's oil outlet supplies hydraulic oil to the hydraulic motor 41 through the hydraulic oil pipe. The output shaft of the hydraulic motor 41 rotates, driving the drive sprocket of the hydraulic motor 41 to rotate. The third chain drive component 46 operates, thereby driving the upper fertilizer distribution shaft to rotate. The rotation of the upper fertilizer distribution shaft drives the cylindrical gear to rotate, and the fertilizer particles move downwards from the outlet of the fertilizer tank 23 under the influence of the rotation of the cylindrical gear and gravity, entering the fertilizer discharge pipe 224 and being discharged through the fertilizer discharge pipe 224. The upper ridging mechanism 3 then forms ridges according to the ridge height specified in the planting agronomical calculation. This completes one process of precise deep application of fertilizer based on effective accumulated temperature, and the cycle repeats until all work is completed.

[0111] This invention has a reasonable layout and can fundamentally solve the problems caused by the large accumulated temperature difference between different regions due to the wide area of ​​planting areas and their complex distribution. This leads to inaccurate fertilization ratio between the upper and lower layers of crops, low fertilizer utilization rate and crop yield, as well as poor applicability of machinery. It realizes precise temperature-sensing variable control for stratified fertilization of crops. The system employs a combined fertilization method of rotary tillage-lower layer ditching-lower layer fertilization-ridgeding-upper layer ditching-upper layer fertilization-ridgeding, and uses hydraulic motors 41 and chain drives to control the upper and lower fertilizer distribution shafts 222, respectively. This solves the problem that existing technologies cannot accurately control the amount and depth of fertilizer applied in the upper and lower layers, achieving convenient adjustment of the fertilization depth and amount in the upper and lower layers and precise self-adjustment of variables. The system also utilizes a temperature sensing unit 6 to detect the temperature at different times before crop planting and calculate the active and effective accumulated temperatures, displaying them on a screen. This helps to more accurately formulate upper and lower layer fertilization plans. The data is transmitted to the temperature control unit 5, which controls the speed of the gearbox 43 and the gear position of the hydraulic speed control valve 42 based on different active accumulated temperatures, thereby adjusting the speed of the upper and lower fertilizer distribution shafts and ultimately adjusting the amount of fertilizer applied in the upper and lower layers. This improves the accuracy of fertilizer application control and achieves precise deep fertilization based on effective accumulated temperature.

[0112] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A layered, precise, deep application device, characterized in that, include: frame; The drive mechanism is mounted on the frame; The rotary tillage mechanism, mounted on the frame, includes multiple sets of rotary tillage components arranged in parallel side by side. Each set of rotary tillage components includes a rotary tillage blade and a rotary tillage shaft. The rotary tillage blade is mounted on the rotary tillage shaft, and the rotary tillage shaft is connected to the drive mechanism. The fertilizer discharging mechanism includes an upper fertilizer discharging component and a lower fertilizer discharging component, which are respectively mounted on the frame and connected to the drive mechanism. The upper fertilizer discharging component is used for upper-level fertilization and is located behind the lower fertilizer discharging component. The mounting rod of the upper fertilizer discharging component is parallel to and higher than the front suspension rod of the frame. The lower fertilizer discharging component is used for lower-level fertilization and is located behind the rotary tillage mechanism. The mounting rod of the lower fertilizer discharging component is parallel to the front suspension rod and at the same height. Fertilizer boxes are respectively installed on the top of the upper and lower fertilizer discharging components. Both the upper and lower fertilizer discharging components are equipped with furrow openers. The ridging mechanism includes an upper ridging component and a lower ridging component, which are respectively installed on the frame. The lower ridging component is used for the first ridging and is located behind the lower fertilizer discharge component. The upper ridging component is used for the second ridging and is located behind the upper fertilizer discharge component. The accumulated temperature sensing unit is installed on the rotary tillage mounting rod of the frame and connected to the tractor output shaft and oil outlet. The accumulated temperature sensing unit includes a temperature sensor and a microcontroller. The temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature in real time at different time periods and transmit the collected temperature data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller calculates the daily average air temperature and effective accumulated temperature to realize accumulated temperature sensing. as well as The temperature control unit is connected to the accumulated temperature sensing unit and the drive component respectively. The drive component includes a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic speed control valve, a gearbox, a first chain drive component, a second chain drive component, and a third chain drive component. It is used to control the fertilizer discharge mechanism through the drive component according to different accumulated temperatures to realize the regulation of the amount of fertilizer applied in the upper and lower layers. The temperature control unit controls the fertilizer application amount and depth by controlling the speed of the gearbox and the gear position of the hydraulic motor speed control valve. ； Among them, Q x This represents the transport flow rate of the upper layer fertilizer, expressed in g / s. This refers to the bulk density of the fertilizer, expressed in g / mm². 3 ; V is the fertilizer filling coefficient; C is the skewing correction coefficient; k is the ratio of the number of gear teeth between the gearbox and the fertilizer distribution shaft; V b S represents the gearbox speed, measured in r / s. J The geometric volume of the fertilizer discharge shaft is in mm. 3 / r; ； Among them, Q s This represents the transport flow rate of the lower layer fertilizer, expressed in g / s. This refers to the bulk density of the fertilizer, expressed in g / mm². 3 ; C is the fertilizer filling coefficient; V is the slant correction coefficient; y S is the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor output shaft, in r / s; k1 is the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear between the hydraulic motor output shaft and the upper distribution shaft; S J The geometric volume of the fertilizer discharge shaft is in mm. 3 / r; The effective accumulated temperature is calculated using the following formula: ； Where T is the effective accumulated temperature, in °C·day; T0 is biological zero, in °C; T j The sum of temperatures at all times on the day, in °C; m represents the number of times the measurements were taken. The relationship between the depth of the furrow opener and the depth of fertilization is as follows: ， ； Among them, H g H represents the depth of the trench, in mm. s The depth of fertilization is measured in mm; S e The error between trenching depth and fertilization depth is due to soil properties; k2 is the proportional coefficient of fertilization depth per unit effective accumulated temperature, in mm / ℃·day; T is the effective accumulated temperature, in ℃·day.

2. The layered precision deep application device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic speed control valve is connected to the hydraulic motor; the hydraulic motor is connected to the upper fertilizer discharge component through the third chain drive component, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the upper layer is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the upper fertilizer discharge component; the gearbox is connected to the rotary tillage shaft through the first chain drive component; the gearbox is connected to the lower fertilizer discharge component through the second chain drive component, and the amount of fertilizer applied in the lower layer is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the lower fertilizer discharge component.

3. The layered precision deep application device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The upper fertilizer discharge component and the lower fertilizer discharge component each include: The fertilizer dispensing component includes a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer dispensing shaft, and a fertilizer discharge pipe. The feed inlet of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the discharge outlet of the fertilizer tank, and the lower end of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the upper end of the fertilizer discharge pipe. The fertilizer dispenser includes a housing and two cylindrical gears with different numbers of teeth located inside the housing. The two cylindrical gears are mounted side by side on the fertilizer dispensing shaft by a clamping member. The fertilizer dispensing shaft drives the two cylindrical gears to interact and move the fertilizer particles in the fertilizer tank downward to achieve fertilizer discharge. The fertilizer dispensing shaft of the lower fertilizer dispensing component is connected to the gearbox through a second chain drive component, and the fertilizer dispensing shaft of the upper fertilizer dispensing component is connected to the hydraulic motor through a third chain drive. The upper end of the furrow opener is installed on the lower side of the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the furrow opener, with the installation direction of the fertilizer discharge pipe being the same as the furrowing direction of the furrow opener.

4. The layered precision deep application device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature control unit is installed on the rotary tillage mounting rod of the frame and near the front of the hydraulic motor, and is connected to the shaft of the gearbox and the hydraulic motor, respectively.

5. The layered precision deep application device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper ridging component and the lower ridging component each include a wing shovel, a connecting rod, and a spring suspension. The wing shovel is connected to one end of the connecting rod, the connecting rod is connected to one end of the spring suspension, and the other end of the spring suspension is connected to the frame. The connecting rod and the wing shovel move up and down together through the spring suspension.

6. A method for precise deep application in layers, characterized in that, Fertilization using the layered precision deep application device according to any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: The accumulated temperature sensing unit detects the temperature at different times of the day and transmits the acquired temperature data to the temperature control unit. The temperature control unit adjusts the amount and depth of fertilizer application by controlling the speed of the gearbox and the gear of the hydraulic motor speed control valve, respectively, based on the temperature data. The trenching depth of the trencher is adjusted according to the fertilization depth, and the trencher moves forward to open trenches as the tractor moves forward; The gearbox drives the rotary tillage mechanism and the lower fertilizer discharge component via the first and second chain drive components respectively; fertilizer granules are discharged through the discharge pipe of the lower fertilizer discharge component; the lower ridging component rids the soil according to the required agronomic height; and The hydraulic motor drives the upper fertilizer discharge component through the third chain transmission component, and the fertilizer granules are discharged through the discharge pipe of the upper fertilizer discharge component; the upper ridging component rids the soil according to the ridging height of the planting agronomy.

Images