Healthy ecological breeding method for two crops of freshwater shrimps in one year

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a two-crop freshwater shrimp healthy ecological breeding method. The healthy ecological freshwater shrimp breeding method comprises the steps of pond preparation, shrimp seed stocking, breeding management, daily management, fishing and harvesting and the like. In the whole breeding process, breeding input products mainly including microbial feed, microbial environment improver and plant extract feed additive are adopted for ecological breeding, the purposes of reducing the dosage for breeding and replacing resistance and avoiding resistance are achieved, and the quality safety of the freshwater shrimps is guaranteed. Meanwhile, the culture water body environment is subjected to in-situ purification, culture tail water pollution is reduced, up-to-standard discharge can be achieved, and remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops a year. Background Art

[0002] Freshwater shrimp are a popular high-quality aquatic product and a key aquaculture species being promoted. However, limited production and size have consistently resulted in a shortage of freshwater shrimp in the market. Developing high-quality freshwater shrimp farming will not only increase total freshwater shrimp production and alleviate the imbalance between production and sales, but also increase income, boost farmer motivation, and, more importantly, adjust aquaculture structures and promote sustainable fishery development.

[0003] Although the market prospects for shrimp farming are broad, the traditional farming model still has many technical bottlenecks, which restrict the sustainable development of the industry. First, traditional farming methods rely too much on chemical drugs and antibiotics, which increases the risk of drug residues in shrimp, which not only affects product quality, but may also cause consumers to worry about food safety. Secondly, the water quality management during the farming process is extensive, and the accumulation of leftover bait and excrement can easily cause eutrophication of water bodies, which in turn causes algae outbreaks and bottom soil deterioration, increasing the probability of disease. In addition, the uneven quality of seedlings, low survival rates (generally less than 70%), and non-uniform specifications further lead to unstable production and difficulty in guaranteeing economic benefits.

[0004] While some attempts at ecological farming have been made in the prior art, they often lack systematicity. For example, the use of microbial agents has not been coordinated with water quality control and feed feeding, resulting in limited ecological benefits. Therefore, a healthy ecological farming method that integrates improved seed selection, environmental regulation, nutritional optimization, and disease prevention and control is urgently needed to address these issues.

[0005] Therefore, based on this, the technical solution of the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] (I) Pond Preparation

[0008] (I-1) Select an area with a good ecological environment and no pollution to dig ponds, and ensure that the water source is sufficient, the water quality is good, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, and there are no pollutants that may harm the aquaculture environment;

[0009] (I-2) The pond is disinfected, microorganisms are implanted, and aquatic plants are planted. Then, fermented organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied. The pond preparation stage is completed.

[0010] (II) Shrimp fry stocking

[0011] Choose sunny weather to stock shrimp fry;

[0012] (III) Breeding management

[0013] (III-1) When the shrimp body is less than 2.5 cm, grind the feed into powder or micro-granules to facilitate the shrimp to eat; when the shrimp body is greater than 4.0 cm, add mixed feed additives until the end of the culture;

[0014] (III-2) During the aquaculture process, the water environment quality must be regulated in a timely manner to ensure that the water body is in dynamic balance, and attention must be paid to the relationship between water quality and water source, water depth, climate, and shrimp activity;

[0015] (III-3) Maintenance and control of aquatic plants during aquaculture;

[0016] (III-4) Controlling the stress response of freshwater shrimp during aquaculture;

[0017] (IV) Daily Management

[0018] Patrol the pond once every morning and evening to observe changes in water color, shrimp activity, number of molts, feeding conditions, and record weather, water temperature, water quality, and feeding and medication use.

[0019] (V) Harvest

[0020] Spring shrimps are harvested and put on the market starting at the end of April, and the ponds are dried up at the end of June; autumn shrimps are harvested in late September.

[0021] Preferably, in step (I-1), the area of the pond is 5 to 10 mu, the water depth is 0.8 to 1.2 m, and the slope ratio of the pond is 1:3 to 1:4.

[0022] Preferably, in step (I-2):

[0023] The disinfection method is: use 50-100 kg of quicklime dissolved in water per mu and evenly sprinkle it over the entire pond, or use 6-8 kg of bleaching powder containing 30% effective chlorine per mu to disinfect;

[0024] And / or, the microorganisms are implanted in the following manner: 1-2 kg of EM bacteria or Bacillus per acre, with a bacterial count of 10 billion per gram;

[0025] And / or, the aquatic plant planting method is: using Elodea or Hydrilla verticillata for planting, with the distance between the aquatic plants being 4 to 7 meters;

[0026] And / or, the amount of the fermented organic fertilizer used per mu is 100-300 kg, and the amount of the microbial fertilizer used per mu is 1-2 kg.

[0027] Preferably, in step (II):

[0028] In winter and spring, 800 to 2,000 shrimp fry / kg (10 to 20 kg) are stocked per mu; in summer and autumn, 80,000 to 120,000 shrimp fry (1.5 to 2.5 cm) are stocked per mu;

[0029] and / or, the pond water temperature does not vary by more than 5°C when the shrimp fry are stocked.

[0030] Preferably, in step (III-1):

[0031] When the shrimp body is less than 2.5cm, feed 1-2 times a day: when feeding once, feed between 17:00 and 19:00; when feeding twice, feed between 8:00 and 9:00 and 17:00 and 19:00. The amount of feed between 8:00 and 9:00 accounts for 2 / 3 of the total daily feed amount, and the amount of feed between 17:00 and 19:00 accounts for 1 / 3 of the total daily feed amount.

[0032] And / or, the mixed feed additive is circulated once every 10 days until the end of breeding.

[0033] Preferably, in step (III-2):

[0034] In spring, the water depth should be kept at 0.5-0.7m before mid-May, and 0.8-1.0m from mid-May to the end of June. In autumn, the water depth should be kept at 0.5-0.7m in the early stage, 0.7-1.0m in the middle stage, and 1.0-1.2m in the late stage.

[0035] And / or, the water transparency of the pond should be controlled at 25-30cm in the early stage of aquaculture, 30-40cm in the middle and late stages, and the dissolved oxygen should be maintained above 5mg / L;

[0036] And / or, use bio-organic fertilizer once every 7 to 10 days in the early stage of breeding, and once every 15 to 20 days in the middle and late stages;

[0037] And / or, when the shrimp are >4.0 cm, use potassium ferrate oxidative substrate modification and organic acid detoxification agents in rotation for 2 consecutive days per week to relieve substrate pressure and eliminate the effects of toxins, and cycle once every 10 days until the end of the culture;

[0038] And / or, calcium supplementation is performed in the water during the entire breeding process, and calcium preparations are sprayed every 10 to 15 days at a dosage of 500 to 1000 g per mu.

[0039] Preferably, in step (III-3), the coverage rate of aquatic plants is controlled at 25-30% in the early stage of aquaculture, 30-50% in the middle stage, and 50-60% in the late stage.

[0040] Preferably, in step (III-4), when the stress reaction of the freshwater shrimp is severe, the anti-stress preparation is sprayed, and the amount of the anti-stress preparation used is 200-300 g / mu.

[0041] Preferably, in step (IV), the oxygen content in the pond needs to be increased during daily management.

[0042] Preferably, in step (V), in order to improve the activity of shrimp and reduce mortality, 200 to 300 g of anti-stress agent is sprayed per acre of water surface before catching the shrimp.

[0043] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further described:

[0044] The present invention adopts the "1245" technical solution, in which "1" refers to a high-quality shrimp variety, namely the "Taihu Shrimp No. 3" variety; "2" refers to two crops a year, namely winter and spring farming and summer and autumn farming; "4" refers to four key ecological farming technologies, namely ecological regulation of the environment, ecological conservation of aquatic plants, ecological nutrition and health, and ecological prevention and control of stress and diseases; "5" refers to five important measures, namely periodic algae and fungus balance management, periodic bottom soil maintenance and improvement, periodic nutrient supplementation balance, periodic aquatic plant growth regulation, and emergency risk control and elimination.

[0045] It should be emphasized that four key ecological farming technologies and five important measures are the core of this invention, which are now explained in detail:

[0046] 1. Four key ecological farming technologies (“Four Ecological”)

[0047] 1. Ecological control environment

[0048] Technical core: Through the combination of microbial preparations, physical regulation and chemical intervention, a dynamically balanced water environment is established to ensure stable water quality.

[0049] Specific measures:

[0050] Microbial regulation: Regularly apply probiotics such as EM bacteria and Bacillus to decompose leftover bait and excrement, and reduce the concentration of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite.

[0051] Water quality management: Adjust the water depth according to the breeding stage (0.5-1.0m in spring, 0.5-1.2m in autumn), control the transparency (25-30cm in the early stage, 30-40cm in the middle and late stages), and maintain dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L.

[0052] Substrate improvement: Periodically use potassium ferrate oxidative substrate improvement and organic acid detoxifiers to alleviate substrate acidification and toxin accumulation.

[0053] Technical advantages: Reduce dependence on chemical drugs, increase water self-purification capacity by more than 60%, and ensure that tail water meets discharge standards.

[0054] 2. Ecological maintenance of aquatic plants

[0055] Technical core: Through scientific planting and dynamic regulation of aquatic plant coverage, an ecological space is provided for shrimp to live, molt and avoid enemies.

[0056] Specific measures:

[0057] Selection of aquatic plants: cold-resistant and heat-resistant varieties such as Elodea and Hydrilla verticillata are preferred, with a planting spacing of 4 to 7 meters.

[0058] Coverage rate control: 25-30% in the early stage of aquaculture (to promote light and plankton reproduction), 30-50% in the middle stage (to balance shade and dissolved oxygen), and 50-60% in the late stage (to provide a hidden place).

[0059] Maintenance and management: Regularly apply root-growing fertilizers (such as amino acid fertilizers) to promote the rooting of aquatic plants, cut off overcrowded aquatic plants and add artificial shrimp nests.

[0060] Technical advantages: The aquatic plant ecosystem is stable and the survival rate of shrimp is increased to more than 95%.

[0061] 3. Ecological nutrition and fitness

[0062] Core technology: Precise feeding based on the growth stage of freshwater shrimp, combined with functional additives to enhance disease resistance.

[0063] Specific measures:

[0064] Feeding in stages: when the shrimp body is less than 2.5cm, feed it with powdered feed (crude protein ≥36%); when it is greater than 4.0cm, add mixed additives such as microecological preparations and plant polysaccharides.

[0065] Calcium supplementation strategy: Spray calcium preparations (500-1000g / mu) every 10-15 days to promote molting and hardening.

[0066] Anti-stress nutrition: Adding selenium, vitamin C, etc. to feed can improve the health index of hepatopancreas by 30%.

[0067] Technical advantages: Feed conversion rate increased by 15% and disease incidence reduced by 50%.

[0068] 4. Ecological prevention and control of stress and diseases

[0069] Technical core: Prevention-oriented, replacing antibiotics through environmental regulation and biological agents.

[0070] Stress management: When the climate changes suddenly, spray anti-stress agents (such as ginger extract, 200-300g / mu).

[0071] Disease prevention and control: Use plant extracts (such as flavonoids and polysaccharides) to inhibit pathogens throughout the process, and regularly test viral nucleic acids (such as white spot virus and enterococcus).

[0072] Immune enhancement: Improve shrimp immunity through probiotics and functional feed additives (such as "Ganweile").

[0073] Technical advantages: Antibiotic-free breeding is achieved, drug residue detection is negative, and product premium is 20-30%.

[0074] 2. Five Important Measures (“Five Measures”)

[0075] 1. Periodic algae-bacteria balance management

[0076] Implementation method: Photosynthetic bacteria and Bacillus are used alternately every 7 to 20 days to regulate the algae phase (mainly diatoms / green algae) and avoid blue algae outbreaks.

[0077] Function: Stabilize pH value (7.5-8.5) and reduce the risk of algal toxins.

[0078] 2. Periodic bottom maintenance and improvement

[0079] Implementation method: Potassium ferrate (oxidizing sediment) and humic acid (detoxification) are used alternately 2 days a week, with a cycle every 10 days.

[0080] Effect: Reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the bottom mud by 70%, and reduce the black bottom phenomenon.

[0081] 3. Periodic nutritional supplementation and balance

[0082] Implementation method: Supplement calcium magnesium preparation (such as "Calcium Magnesium Plus") and trace elements (selenium, zinc) once every 10 days.

[0083] Function: Promote molting synchronization and reduce the mortality rate of soft-shell shrimp.

[0084] 4. Periodic aquatic plant growth regulation

[0085] Implementation method: Monitor the density of aquatic plants every 10 to 15 days and maintain a coverage rate of 25 to 60% by mowing or adding fertilizer (such as "Genyoumei").

[0086] Function: Optimize the dissolved oxygen in water and the uniformity of shrimp distribution.

[0087] 5. Emergency risk control and elimination

[0088] Implementation method: Establish a real-time water quality monitoring system (ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, etc.), and start the oxygenator + anti-stress preparation (such as "sprinkling ginger") when abnormalities occur.

[0089] Effect: Under sudden weather conditions (heavy rain, high temperature), the mortality rate of freshwater shrimp can be reduced to less than 5%.

[0090] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0091] The healthy ecological breeding method of fresh shrimp with two crops a year described in the present invention ensures the purity of the breed of fresh shrimp, the neatness and vigor of the seedlings, the survival rate of more than 95%, and the improvement of breeding efficiency. The yield of fresh shrimp per mu can reach 300 jin / mu in two crops a year. Since the new variety of shrimp seedlings "Taihu No. 3" is used for breeding, the specifications are neat and the quality is high, which reduces the low and unstable yield caused by the low survival rate of seedlings and the non-uniform specifications during the breeding process. In the breeding process, the breeding inputs mainly composed of microbial feed, microbial environment improvers and plant extract feed additives are used for ecological breeding, which achieves the goal of reducing the amount of breeding drugs and replacing antibiotics, and the quality and safety of fresh shrimp are guaranteed. At the same time, the breeding water environment is purified in situ, the pollution of breeding tail water is reduced, and it can meet the discharge standards, which has significant economic, social and ecological benefits.

[0092] More specific:

[0093] 1. Environmental friendliness: Through periodic algae-bacteria balance management and bottom sediment improvement technology, the concentration of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in aquaculture tail water is reduced by more than 60%, significantly reducing the ecological pressure on surrounding waters, which is in line with the development trend of green aquaculture.

[0094] 2. Improved disease resistance: Plant extracts and microbial preparations are used throughout the process to replace antibiotics. The shrimp hepatopancreas health index has increased by 30%, and the disease incidence rate has decreased by 50%. The prevention and control effect on common shrimp diseases is particularly significant.

[0095] 3. Optimized breeding efficiency: Through the "two crops a year" model combined with a precise feeding strategy, the feed conversion rate is increased by 15%, the breeding cycle is shortened by 10 to 15 days, and the annual output per unit area is increased by more than 40% compared with traditional methods.

[0096] 4. Increased added value of products: The farmed freshwater shrimps have bright colors and firm muscles. They are tested to have no drug residues and are rich in trace elements such as selenium. The market price is 20% to 30% higher than that of ordinary freshwater shrimps, significantly increasing the profits of farmers.

[0097] 5. Technical universality: This method is applicable to different climatic regions. By adjusting parameters such as water depth and aquatic plant coverage, it can adapt to the breeding environment of high temperature and heavy rain in the south or low temperature and drought in the north, and has great promotion potential. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0098] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0099] Example 1

[0100] This embodiment provides a healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year, which comprises the following steps:

[0101] (I) Pond Preparation

[0102] (I-1) The aquaculture area should be a well-maintained environment, free of or unaffected by industrial waste, agricultural waste, urban household waste, and medical waste. The pond should be rectangular, east-west oriented, and 5 mu in size. The bottom should be flat, without ditches, and slightly sloped toward the drain, ensuring no leakage. The water depth should be 1.2 m, and the slope ratio should be 1:3. The water source should be sufficient, the water quality should be good, irrigation and drainage should be convenient, and there should be no pollutants that could harm the aquaculture environment. The inlet and outlet should be wrapped with a 60-mesh or larger sieve to prevent predators such as wild fish from entering the water and the shrimp from escaping. The pond should be equipped with aeration facilities (aerator and nano-bottom aerator).

[0103] (I-2) After drying the pond in winter, remove excess silt, keeping the depth to no more than 15 cm. Thoroughly expose the pond bottom to sunlight for at least 7 days. Twenty days before stocking, add 10 cm of water. Dissolve 50 kg of quicklime per acre in water and evenly distribute throughout the pond to thoroughly kill any stray fish, pathogens, and predators. After disinfection, first inoculate the bottom surface with high-quality microorganisms, using 1 kg of EM bacteria (containing 10 billion bacteria per mL or per gram) per acre. Three days later, plant aquatic plants. Choose Elodea as the aquatic plant, spacing the plant patches 4 meters apart, with the initial aquatic plant area occupying 25%. After planting the aquatic plants, apply a root-growing fertilizer containing amino acids and trace elements (such as "Gen Youmei" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) at 1 kg per acre and every 15 days thereafter to promote rooting. Water should be added eight days before stocking the seedlings. The water must be filtered with a 60-mesh or finer filter to prevent stray fish from entering the pond. Initial watering should be done to a depth of 0.6m to foster sufficient plankton and benthic organisms. Fertilization should begin the day after watering is complete, with fermented organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizers being used. The application rate should be 100kg per mu (approximately 10000 lb) of fermented organic fertilizer and 1kg per mu (approximately 10000 lb) of biofertilizer per mu (approximately 10000 lb) of biofertilizer per mu (approximately 10000 lb). Repeat after 20 days. Before stocking the second batch of freshwater shrimp that year, all freshwater shrimp must be removed from the pond and the pond cleaned again with tea seed cake (30g per cubic meter of water) before stocking.

[0104] (II) Shrimp fry stocking

[0105] The pond mainly raises "Taihu No. 3" shrimp, and two crops can be raised a year.

[0106] (II-1) The shrimp fry are released in one go, and the stocking quantity is selected according to different breeding seasons. In winter and spring, 20 kg of shrimp fry are released per mu; in summer and autumn, 80,000 shrimp fry of 1.5 cm in diameter are released per mu.

[0107] (II-2) Stock the shrimp fry on sunny days (avoid periods of high temperatures and strong sunlight in summer and autumn). Before stocking, test the fry with pond water to ensure the water quality is suitable. The water temperature difference between stocking and frying should not exceed 5°C. Stock the fry with water and be gentle. Do not stock the fry dry, as this can cause cosmetic damage and reduce survival rates. Avoid clumping the fry in the container. Immediately after stocking, apply 200g of "Selenium Vitality" and "C Vitality" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. per mu to reduce environmental stress and improve fry adaptability.

[0108] (III) Breeding management

[0109] (III-1) When farming freshwater shrimp, choose a palatable, fresh, and unspoiled feed. The feed should be nutritionally adequate, with a crude protein content of at least 36% to ensure rapid growth. Complete pelleted feed is recommended, and frequent changes of feed should be avoided once confirmed. When feeding freshwater shrimp (<2.5 cm), grind the feed into a powder or micro-granules for easier feeding. Spread the feed evenly in the shallows of the pond. Feed 1-2 times daily (once between 5 and 7 pm, and twice between 8 and 9 am, with the morning portion accounting for two-thirds of the total).

[0110] In order to protect the health of the shrimp's intestines, hepatopancreas, etc., when the shrimp body is >4.0cm, four mixed feed additives, including microecological preparations, multivitamins and minerals ("C Vie Le" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., etc.), polysaccharides and plant extracts ("Gan Vie Le" and "Chang Vie Le" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., etc.), are added to the feed in turn for four consecutive days a week, and are recycled once every 10 days until the end of the breeding.

[0111] (III-2) Freshwater shrimp farming requires high water quality. During the farming process, the water quality must be constantly regulated to ensure a dynamic balance. Water quality is closely related to factors such as the water source, water depth, climate, and freshwater shrimp activity. First, the water level must be well controlled. In spring, the water depth should be maintained at 0.5m before mid-May, and 0.8m from mid-May to the end of June. In autumn, the water depth should be 0.5m in the early stages, 0.7m in the middle stages, and 1.0m in the late stages. While maintaining water level control, it is also important to properly fertilize the water and manage water transparency. Pond water transparency should be maintained at 25cm in the early stages, 30cm in the middle and late stages, and dissolved oxygen should be maintained above 5mg / L. Apply bio-organic fertilizers such as fertilizer paste and amino acid fertilizers once every 7 days in the early stages and once every 15 days in the middle and late stages. The amount of fertilizer should be determined by water quality or according to the instructions. If moss appears in the early stages of farming, avoid using chemical moss removers. Instead, use a high-concentration Bacillus spp. in combination with humic acid.

[0112] During the breeding process, as the feed is put in, the metabolic excreta and leftover bait of shrimp accumulate more and more. Harmful substances in the water body, such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, sulfide, etc., may be produced in large quantities, thereby affecting the growth of shrimp and even causing disease. The present embodiment adopts automatic detection systems such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and dissolved oxygen, and collects data once every 12 hours. According to data collection statistics, corresponding measures are adopted to improve the water environment. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the dynamic changes of the substrate, and feed in appropriate amounts to reduce the precipitation of residual bait. When the shrimp body is greater than 4.0cm, oxidizing substrates such as potassium ferrate and organic acid antidotes are used in turn 2 days a week to relieve substrate pressure and remove toxin effects. They are recycled once every 10 days until the end of breeding.

[0113] During the entire breeding process, calcium is supplemented in the water, and "Calcium Magnesium Jia" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is sprayed every 10 to 15 days, with a dosage of 500g per mu.

[0114] (III-3) Aquatic plant coverage should be controlled at 25% in the early stages, 30% in the middle stages, and 50% in the late stages. The plants should be evenly distributed in clusters throughout the pond. Excessive aquatic plants should be removed promptly. If the plants are too few, artificial shrimp nests can be added to supplement the coverage.

[0115] In order to ensure that the roots of aquatic plants are strong and the leaves are sturdy, "Genyoumei" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is used every 10 days in the early stage, and "Caoyoumei" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is used every 10 days in the middle and late stages.

[0116] (III-4) If the shrimp have a severe stress reaction due to sudden climate changes or abnormal water quality during the breeding process, the water body can be sprayed with the ecological anti-stress agent produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with 200g of "Zhengyuan Spraying Ginger" per mu.

[0117] (IV) Daily Management

[0118] Patrol the pond daily in the early morning and evening to observe changes in water color, shrimp activity, molting, and feeding habits. Check the pond foundation for leaks and the integrity of escape prevention systems. Take timely measures if any problems are identified. Record weather, water temperature, water quality, feeding and medication use, and feeding habits daily. Install microporous aerators with a capacity of at least 0.5 kW per acre of water surface. During the growing season, add water or activate the aerators promptly based on weather, water temperature, water color, and shrimp activity. Especially during the hot summer and autumn seasons, ensure the aerators are running from late at night until dawn. On sunny days, activate the aerators once at noon for two hours. In hot and humid weather or thunderstorms, run additional aerators or add water for aeration. Regularly inspect the artificial shrimp nests every ten days using a shrimp net to check for growth, feeding, and disease. This information will serve as a basis for adjusting feed intake and medication use.

[0119] (V) Harvest

[0120] Spring shrimp are harvested using dip nets and ground traps starting in late April, and harvested in the ponds by the end of June. Autumn shrimp harvest begins in late September, using 1.8cm mesh shrimp cages, depending on the stocking density and growth of the shrimp. It's best to increase the cage tips appropriately and keep them open when placing them. Harvesting should be done during peak molting season to minimize losses of soft-shelled shrimp (the peak molting period typically lasts 15 to 20 days). When water temperatures fall below 10°C, shrimp trawls are typically used for concentrated harvesting. Large and small shrimp are collected together and sorted using a 0.7cm sieve. Based on market demand for commercial shrimp, large shrimp are sold as commercial shrimp, while small shrimp are cultivated or sold as seed for spring shrimp. To enhance shrimp activity and reduce mortality, 200g of "Zhengyuan Sprinkling Ginger" and "Selenium Velvet" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. are sprayed per mu (approximately 1.5 to 2.5 acres) of water surface before harvesting.

[0121] Example 2

[0122] This embodiment provides a healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year, which comprises the following steps:

[0123] (I) Pond Preparation

[0124] (I-1) The aquaculture area should be a well-maintained environment, free of or unaffected by industrial waste, agricultural waste, urban household waste, and medical waste. The pond should be rectangular, east-west oriented, and ideally 10 mu (approximately 100 hectares). The pond bottom should be flat, without ditches, and slightly slope toward the drain, ensuring no leakage. The water depth should be 1.2 meters, and the slope ratio should be 1:4. The water source should be sufficient, the water quality should be good, irrigation and drainage should be convenient, and there should be no pollutants that could harm the aquaculture environment. The inlet and outlet should be wrapped with a 60-mesh or larger sieve to prevent the influx of predators such as wild fish and the escape of freshwater shrimp. The pond should be equipped with aeration facilities (aerator and nano-bottom aerator).

[0125] (I-2) After drying the pond in winter, remove excess silt, ensuring it does not exceed a depth of 15 cm. Thoroughly expose the pond bottom to sunlight for at least 7 days. Twenty days before stocking, add 30 cm of water and apply 6 kg of bleaching powder containing 30% available chlorine per acre to completely kill wild fish, pathogens, and other predators. After disinfection, first implant high-quality microorganisms into the water surface. Use 2 kg of Bacillus liquid or powder (containing 10 billion bacteria per mL or per gram) per acre. After 3 days, plant aquatic plants. Choose Hydrilla verticillata as the aquatic plant, spacing the aquatic plants 7 meters apart, with the initial aquatic plant area accounting for 25%. After planting the aquatic plants, apply a root-growing fertilizer containing amino acids and trace elements (such as "Gen Youmei" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) to promote rooting. Apply 1.5 kg per acre and apply every 20 days thereafter. Water should be added eight days before stocking the seedlings. Water must be filtered through a 60-mesh or larger screen to prevent the entry of wild fish. Initial watering should be to a depth of 0.7m to foster sufficient plankton and benthic organisms. Fertilization can begin the second day after watering is complete. Fertilization with fermented organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer can be used. Use 300kg of fermented organic fertilizer per mu (approximately 1.5 acres) and 2kg of biofertilizer per mu (approximately 1.5 acres) of water, and repeat after 20 days. Before stocking the second batch of freshwater shrimp that year, remove all remaining freshwater shrimp from the pond and clean the pond again with tea seed cake (30g per cubic meter of water) before stocking.

[0126] (II) Shrimp fry stocking

[0127] The pond mainly raises "Taihu No. 3" shrimp, and two crops can be raised a year.

[0128] (II-1) The shrimp fry are released in one go, and the stocking quantity is selected according to different breeding seasons. In winter and spring, 10 kg of shrimp fry are released per mu; in summer and autumn, 120,000 shrimp fry of 2.5 cm in diameter are released per mu.

[0129] (II-2) Stock the shrimp fry on sunny days (avoid periods of high temperatures and strong sunlight in summer and autumn). Before stocking, test the fry with pond water to ensure the water quality is suitable. The water temperature difference between stocking and frying should not exceed 5°C. Stock the fry with water and be gentle. Do not stock the fry dry, as this can cause cosmetic damage and reduce survival rates. Avoid clumping the fry in the container. Immediately after stocking, apply 300g of "Selenium Vitality" and "C Vitality" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. per mu to reduce environmental stress and improve fry adaptability.

[0130] (III) Breeding management

[0131] (III-1) When farming freshwater shrimp, choose a palatable, fresh, and unspoiled feed. The feed should be nutritionally adequate, with a crude protein content of at least 36% to ensure rapid growth. Complete pelleted feed is recommended, and frequent changes of feed should be avoided once confirmed. When feeding freshwater shrimp (<2.5 cm), grind the feed into a powder or micro-granules for easier feeding. Spread the feed evenly in the shallows of the pond. Feed 1-2 times daily (once between 5 and 7 pm, and twice between 8 and 9 am, with the morning portion accounting for two-thirds of the total).

[0132] In order to protect the health of the shrimp's intestines, hepatopancreas, etc., when the shrimp body is >4.0cm, four mixed feed additives, including microecological preparations, multivitamins and minerals ("C Vie Le" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., etc.), polysaccharides and plant extracts ("Gan Vie Le" and "Chang Vie Le" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., etc.), are added to the feed in turn for four consecutive days a week, and are recycled once every 10 days until the end of the breeding.

[0133] (III-2) Freshwater shrimp farming requires high water quality. During the farming process, the water environment must be constantly regulated to ensure a dynamic balance. Water quality is closely related to factors such as the water source, water depth, climate, and freshwater shrimp activity. First, the water level must be well controlled. In spring, the water depth should be maintained at 0.7m before mid-May, and 1.0m from mid-May to the end of June. In autumn, the water depth should be 0.7m in the early stages, 1.0m in the middle stages, and 1.2m in the late stages. While maintaining water level control, it is also important to properly fertilize the water and manage water transparency. Pond water transparency should be maintained at 30cm in the early stages, 40cm in the middle and late stages, and dissolved oxygen should be maintained above 5mg / L. Apply bio-organic fertilizers such as fertilizer paste and amino acid fertilizers once every 10 days in the early stages and once every 20 days in the middle and late stages. The amount of fertilizer should be determined by water quality or according to the instructions. If moss appears in the early stages of farming, avoid using chemical moss removers. Instead, use a high-concentration Bacillus spores combined with humic acid.

[0134] During the breeding process, as the feed is put in, the metabolic excreta and leftover bait of shrimp accumulate more and more. Harmful substances in the water body, such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, sulfide, etc., may be produced in large quantities, thereby affecting the growth of shrimp and even causing disease. The present embodiment adopts automatic detection systems such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and dissolved oxygen, and collects data once every 12 hours. According to data collection statistics, corresponding measures are adopted to improve the water environment. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the dynamic changes of the substrate, and feed in appropriate amounts to reduce the precipitation of residual bait. When the shrimp body is greater than 4.0cm, oxidizing substrates such as potassium ferrate and organic acid antidotes are used in turn 2 days a week to relieve substrate pressure and remove toxin effects. They are recycled once every 10 days until the end of breeding.

[0135] During the entire breeding process, calcium is supplemented in the water, and "calcium gluconate" is sprayed every 10 to 15 days, with a dosage of 1000g per mu.

[0136] (III-3) Aquatic plant coverage should be controlled at 30% in the early stages, 50% in the middle stages, and 60% in the late stages. The plants should be evenly distributed in clusters throughout the pond. Excessive aquatic plants should be removed promptly. If the plants are too few, artificial shrimp nests can be added to supplement the coverage.

[0137] In order to ensure that the roots of aquatic plants are strong and the leaves are sturdy, "Genyoumei" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is used every 15 days in the early stage, and "Caoyoumei" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is used every 10 days in the middle and late stages.

[0138] (III-4) If the shrimp have a severe stress reaction due to sudden climate changes or abnormal water quality during the breeding process, the water body can be sprayed with the ecological anti-stress preparation produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., using 300g of "Selenium Velvet" per mu.

[0139] (IV) Daily Management

[0140] Patrol the pond daily in the early morning and evening to observe changes in water color, shrimp activity, molting, and feeding habits. Check the pond foundation for leaks and the integrity of escape prevention facilities. Take timely measures if any problems are identified. Record weather, water temperature, water quality, feeding and medication use, and feeding habits daily. Install microporous aerators with a capacity of at least 0.5 kW per acre of water surface. During the growing season, add water or activate the aerators promptly based on weather, water temperature, water color, and shrimp activity. Especially during the hot summer and autumn seasons, ensure the aerators are running from late at night until dawn. On sunny days, activate the aerators once at 2:00 PM for two hours. In hot and humid weather or thunderstorms, activate the aerators or add water for aeration. Regularly inspect the artificial shrimp nests every 15 days using a shrimp net to check for growth, feeding, and disease. This information will serve as a basis for adjusting feed intake and medication use.

[0141] (V) Fishing Harvest

[0142] Spring shrimp are harvested using dip nets and ground traps starting in late April, and harvested in the ponds by the end of June. Autumn shrimp harvest begins in late September, using 1.8cm mesh shrimp cages, depending on the stocking density and growth of the shrimp. It's best to increase the cage tips appropriately and keep them open when placing them. Harvesting should be done during peak molting season to minimize losses of soft-shelled shrimp (the peak molting period typically lasts 15 to 20 days). When water temperatures fall below 10°C, shrimp trawls are typically used for concentrated harvesting. Large and small shrimp are collected together and sorted using a 0.8cm sieve. Based on market demand for commercial shrimp, large shrimp are sold as commercial shrimp, while small shrimp are cultivated or sold as seed for spring shrimp. To enhance shrimp activity and reduce mortality, 300g of "Zhengyuan Sprinkling Ginger" and "Selenium Velvet" produced by Nanjing Zhongcheng Zhengyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. are sprayed on each acre of water surface before harvesting.

[0143] Verification Example

[0144] Taking Example 1 as the object, relevant detection was carried out.

[0145] (1) Freshwater shrimp quality testing: The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0146] Table 1

[0147]

[0148] (2) Water quality inspection: The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0149] Table 2

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] Note: (i) The water sample is slightly turbid, light yellow, odorless, free of sediment and oil;

[0153] (ii) “ND” means not detected;

[0154] (iii) Unless otherwise specified, all other units are mg / L.

[0155] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A healthy ecological method for breeding freshwater shrimp twice a year, characterized in that: The healthy ecological breeding method for freshwater shrimp comprises the following steps: (I) Pond Preparation (I-1) Select an area with a good ecological environment and no pollution to dig ponds, and ensure that the water source is sufficient, the water quality is good, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, and there are no pollutants that may harm the aquaculture environment; (I-2) The pond is disinfected, microorganisms are implanted, and aquatic plants are planted. Then, fermented organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied. The pond preparation stage is completed. (II) Shrimp fry stocking Choose sunny weather to stock shrimp fry; (III) Breeding management (III-1) When the shrimp body is less than 2.5 cm, grind the feed into powder or micro-granules to facilitate the shrimp to eat; when the shrimp body is greater than 4.0 cm, add mixed feed additives until the end of the culture; (III-2) During the aquaculture process, the water environment quality must be regulated in a timely manner to ensure that the water body is in dynamic balance, and attention must be paid to the relationship between water quality and water source, water depth, climate, and shrimp activity; (III-3) Maintenance and control of aquatic plants during aquaculture; (III-4) Controlling the stress response of freshwater shrimp during aquaculture; (IV) Daily Management Patrol the pond once every morning and evening to observe changes in water color, shrimp activity, number of molts, feeding conditions, and record weather, water temperature, water quality, and feeding and medication use. (V) Harvest Spring shrimps are harvested and put on the market starting at the end of April, and the ponds are dried up at the end of June; autumn shrimps are harvested in late September.

2. The healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (I-1), the area of the pond is 5 to 10 mu, the water depth is 0.8 to 1.2 m, and the slope ratio of the pond is 1:3 to 1:

4.

3. The healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (I-2): The disinfection method is: use 50-100 kg of quicklime dissolved in water per mu and evenly sprinkle it over the entire pond, or use 6-8 kg of bleaching powder containing 30% effective chlorine per mu to disinfect; And / or, the microorganisms are implanted in the following manner: 1-2 kg of EM bacteria or Bacillus per acre, with a bacterial count of 10 billion per gram; And / or, the aquatic plant planting method is: using Elodea or Hydrilla verticillata for planting, with the distance between the aquatic plants being 4 to 7 meters; And / or, the amount of the fermented organic fertilizer used per mu is 100-300 kg, and the amount of the microbial fertilizer used per mu is 1-2 kg.

4. The healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (II): In winter and spring, 800 to 2,000 shrimp fry / kg (10 to 20 kg) are stocked per mu; in summer and autumn, 80,000 to 120,000 shrimp fry (1.5 to 2.5 cm) are stocked per mu; and / or, the pond water temperature does not vary by more than 5°C when the shrimp fry are stocked.

5. The healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (III-1): When the shrimp body is less than 2.5cm, feed 1-2 times a day: when feeding once, feed between 17:00 and 19:00; when feeding twice, feed between 8:00 and 9:00 and 17:00 and 19:

00. The amount of feed between 8:00 and 9:00 accounts for 2 / 3 of the total daily feed amount, and the amount of feed between 17:00 and 19:00 accounts for 1 / 3 of the total daily feed amount. And / or, the mixed feed additive is circulated once every 10 days until the end of breeding.

6. The healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (III-2): In spring, the water depth should be kept at 0.5-0.7m before mid-May, and 0.8-1.0m from mid-May to the end of June. In autumn, the water depth should be kept at 0.5-0.7m in the early stage, 0.7-1.0m in the middle stage, and 1.0-1.2m in the late stage. And / or, the water transparency of the pond should be controlled at 25-30cm in the early stage of aquaculture, 30-40cm in the middle and late stages, and the dissolved oxygen should be maintained above 5mg / L; And / or, use bio-organic fertilizer once every 7 to 10 days in the early stage of breeding, and once every 15 to 20 days in the middle and late stages; And / or, when the shrimp are >4.0 cm, use potassium ferrate oxidative substrate modification and organic acid detoxification agents in rotation for 2 consecutive days per week to relieve substrate pressure and eliminate the effects of toxins, and cycle once every 10 days until the end of the culture; And / or, calcium supplementation is performed in the water during the entire breeding process, and calcium preparations are sprayed every 10 to 15 days at a dosage of 500 to 1000 g per mu.

7. The healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (III-3), the coverage rate of aquatic plants is controlled at 25-30% in the early stage of aquaculture, 30-50% in the middle stage, and 50-60% in the late stage.

8. The healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (III-4), when the stress reaction of the freshwater shrimp is severe, the anti-stress preparation is sprayed, and the amount of the anti-stress preparation used is 200-300 g / mu.

9. The healthy ecological culture method for freshwater shrimp with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (IV), during daily management, it is necessary to increase the oxygen content in the pond.

10. The healthy ecological shrimp farming method with two crops per year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (V), in order to improve the activity of shrimp and reduce mortality, 200 to 300 g of anti-stress agent is sprayed per acre of water surface before catching the shrimp.

Images