Carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular material and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a carbon dioxide capture system based on a calcium-based granular material and a control method of the carbon dioxide capture system. The system comprises a reactor, a decomposition bin, a conveying branch and an input branch, the input branch inputs raw flue gas to the reactor; the conveying branch conveys a calcium-based particle material to the reactor by using the heated flue gas; the reactor is used for controlling the internal temperature by selecting the raw flue gas input by the input branch so as to control the adsorption reaction; the decomposition bin is used for controlling the movement of the supporting plate under the mechanical action and the air pressure action so as to guide the flowing of the materials and further control the desorption reaction. A set of complete and ingenious heat circulation process and material circulation process is constructed, the circulation processes are linked with each other, the structural design is ingenious and practical, and while efficient adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide are guaranteed, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the equipment maintenance cost and the energy purchase cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of carbon capture, and in particular, to a carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Carbon dioxide is one of the main greenhouse gases that cause global warming, contributing up to 55% to the greenhouse effect. Climate change caused by emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases has become a global concern. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology captures and separates carbon dioxide from concentrated combustion sources and stores it using various methods to prevent its release into the atmosphere. It is one of the most effective technological approaches to addressing climate change.

[0003] Existing CO2 capture technologies face numerous challenges. For example, the amine solution used in liquid amine absorption is volatile and easily oxidized and degraded, producing corrosive byproducts. The regeneration process can also release hazardous substances. Solid-state amine adsorption methods also suffer from low effective adsorption capacity and high material production costs. Calcium-based CO2 adsorption technology has attracted widespread attention and research due to its advantages, including low-cost, non-toxic raw materials, high CO2 adsorption capacity (theoretical adsorption capacity up to 0.786gCO2 / gCaO), and rapid adsorption reaction rate.

[0004] The existing calcium-based carbon dioxide adsorption method also has many problems. For example, calcium-based adsorption and desorption occur in high-temperature areas, resulting in high energy consumption; due to the large calcium-based adsorption capacity, large amounts of heat are released during the adsorption process, making it difficult to control the adsorption reaction temperature; the gas-solid heat exchange efficiency in the fixed-bed reactor is low, and the process equipment is complex, resulting in high investment and operation and maintenance costs; directly using high-temperature flue gas as a heat source and reaction raw gas can reduce heat consumption, but the high-temperature flue gas has not been purified, causing great wear and corrosion to the capture equipment.

[0005] In summary, a new calcium-based carbon dioxide capture system is needed to meet increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements and industrial production needs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems in the prior art, this application provides a carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials and a control method thereof, thereby achieving carbon dioxide capture based on calcium-based granular materials. The specific solution is as follows: A carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials comprises a reactor, a decomposition chamber, at least one transport branch and a plurality of input branches; The input branch is connected to the reactor and is used to input raw flue gas into the reactor; The conveying branch is connected to the reactor and the decomposition chamber, and is used to use the heat generated by the adsorption reaction in the reactor and / or the residual heat from the decomposition chamber to heat part of the original flue gas into heated flue gas with a temperature not lower than a preset adsorption temperature, and use the heated flue gas to convey the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor; The reactor is connected to the decomposition chamber and is used to control the internal temperature by selecting the raw flue gas input from the input branch. When the preset adsorption temperature is reached, the calcium-based particulate material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form adsorbed material and decarbonized flue gas, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top, and the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber from the bottom. The decomposition bin is provided with a support plate and a heating channel, which is used to carry the adsorbed material through the support plate, block the adsorbed material from entering the heating channel under a preset mechanical action, and guide the adsorbed material into the heating channel under a preset air pressure. When the heating channel reaches a preset desorption temperature, the adsorbed material desorbs carbon dioxide and is reduced to a calcium-based granular material, controlling the discharge of carbon dioxide from the top while retaining the calcium-based granular material.

[0007] In some specific embodiments, it further includes: a cooler, connected to the decomposition chamber, for cooling the carbon dioxide output from the decomposition chamber; Carbon dioxide storage tank, used to receive and store carbon dioxide; A circulating compressor, connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, is used to provide power for circulating carbon dioxide gas and control and adjust the flow rate of the required circulating carbon dioxide; The gas transmission branch is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, the reactor and the decomposition chamber in sequence, and is used to output the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank to the decomposition chamber after being heated by the reactor and the decomposition chamber, so as to realize the gas pressure effect by increasing the gas pressure in the decomposition chamber.

[0008] In some specific embodiments, the reactor is provided with a first heat exchange component and a second heat exchange component, and the decomposition chamber is provided with a third heat exchange component and a fourth heat exchange component; The delivery branch is connected to the first heat exchange component and the third heat exchange component respectively, and the first heat exchange component and the second heat exchange component are heated by the heat released during the adsorption of carbon dioxide by the calcium-based granular material; The gas transmission branch is connected to the second heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component respectively, and uses the heat of the high-temperature carbon dioxide generated by decomposition to heat the third heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component.

[0009] In some specific embodiments, a spiral reaction channel is provided in the reactor; the spiral reaction channel is arranged to spirally surround from bottom to top, so that when the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material to spiral upward, the calcium-based granular material can simultaneously adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas; The spiral reaction channel sequentially connects the delivery branch and each input branch from bottom to top, and the channel size increases from bottom to top. Each input branch inputs a corresponding proportion of flue gas into the spiral reaction channel.

[0010] In some specific embodiments, the spiral reaction channel is divided into the following sections from bottom to top: An input area, connected to the conveying branch, for receiving the heated flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material; The temperature control zone is connected to the input zone and is connected to each input branch in sequence from bottom to top, and is used to receive the original flue gas and mix it with the heated flue gas. By controlling the input amount of the original flue gas to reach the preset adsorption temperature, when the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material to spiral upward, the calcium-based granular material simultaneously adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas; The buffer zone is connected to the temperature control zone and is used to prolong the contact between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material to promote adsorption.

[0011] In some specific embodiments, a storage tank and a smoke exhaust pipe are further provided in the reactor, wherein the smoke exhaust pipe extends into the storage tank and the outer wall thereof and the inner wall of the storage tank together form a material drop channel; The spiral reaction channel spirally surrounds the storage tank from bottom to top; The material drop channel is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel, and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to drive the adsorbed material from the top of the spiral reaction channel downward to the storage tank, and then the adsorbed material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity; A blocking structure is provided in the smoke exhaust pipe for guiding the decarbonized flue gas to flow from bottom to top, while separating the adsorbed materials in the decarbonized flue gas through the blocking structure and causing them to fall into the storage tank.

[0012] In some specific embodiments, the decomposition chamber is provided with a material receiving cavity and a drop pipe located in the material receiving cavity, the support plate is the bottom of the material receiving cavity; the heating channel surrounds the material receiving cavity; The material receiving cavity is used to receive the adsorbed material and carry it through the support plate; The gas transmission branch is connected to the material receiving chamber, and is used to input heated carbon dioxide into the material receiving chamber to achieve the gas pressure effect; The support plate is used to close the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel under the mechanical action, and to open the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel under the action of the air pressure so that the adsorbed material flows in a diffused manner from the bottom of the receiving chamber to the bottom of the heating channel.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, the decomposition chamber is further provided with a plurality of drop pipes, the drop pipes being located in the material receiving cavity and communicating with the upper space and the lower space of the material receiving cavity; The heating channel is connected to the upper space and is used to guide the carbon dioxide to drive the calcium-based granular material to flow into the upper space from bottom to top; The upper space is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, and is used to separate the carbon dioxide from the calcium-based granular material and guide the carbon dioxide to be output to the carbon dioxide storage tank; The drop pipe is used to guide the calcium-based granular material in the upper space to fall into the lower space, and use the calcium-based granular material in the pipe to heat the adsorbed material outside the pipe; The lower space is connected to the conveying branch and is used for storing the calcium-based granular material and conveying the calcium-based granular material to the reactor through the conveying branch.

[0014] A method for controlling a carbon dioxide capture system, characterized in that it is used to control any of the carbon dioxide capture systems described above, the control method comprising: After heating the flue gas of a preset proportion to a temperature not lower than a preset adsorption temperature, the heated flue gas is used to drive the calcium-based granular material at the bottom of the decomposition bin to be transported to the reactor; The raw flue gas is input in a corresponding proportion according to the temperature in the reactor; at the adsorption temperature, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is adsorbed by the calcium-based particulate material to form decarbonized flue gas and adsorbed material, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the reactor from above, and the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber; When the adsorbed material is input into the decomposition chamber, it is supported by the support plate at the bottom; Controlling the input of heated carbon dioxide gas into the decomposition chamber, the support plate is forced to move downward under the action of gas pressure, and the adsorbed material flows to the heating channel with the help of the movement of the support plate; After the heating channel reaches the desorption temperature, the adsorbed material decomposes the carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based granular material, and the calcium-based granular material and the carbon dioxide are blown to the top area of the decomposition bin; In the top area, the air flow velocity decreases, and the calcium-based granular material falls from the drop pipe to the bottom area of the decomposition bin under the action of gravity, and transfers heat to the adsorbed material between the drop pipes during the falling process; carbon dioxide is output from the top area of the decomposition bin.

[0015] In some specific embodiments, it further includes: The carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is transported through the gas transmission branch, and the transported carbon dioxide is heated by utilizing the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber, and then transported to the decomposition chamber; The raw flue gas is transported through the transport branch, and the raw flue gas is heated by utilizing the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber to form heated flue gas, and the heated flue gas is utilized to transport the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor; In the decomposition chamber, the heated carbon dioxide is used to heat the adsorbed material, and the calcium-based granular material in the drop pipe is used to heat the adsorbed material between the drop pipes.

[0016] Beneficial effects: This application proposes a carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials and a control method thereof, and constructs a complete and ingenious heat circulation process and material circulation process. The circulation processes are closely linked, and the structural design is ingenious and practical. While ensuring the efficient adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide, it improves energy utilization efficiency, reduces energy consumption, reduces equipment maintenance costs and energy procurement costs, and enables the carbon dioxide capture system to show good economic benefits in long-term operation. The exothermic heat of the adsorption reaction in the reactor and the waste heat from heating in the decomposition chamber are fully exploited to construct a heat circulation mechanism and improve the synergy of heat utilization. By accurately selecting the amount of original flue gas in the input branch, the internal temperature of the reactor can be accurately adjusted to ensure that the adsorption reaction is carried out under the best working conditions, greatly improving the capture efficiency of carbon dioxide. The various areas in the decomposition chamber have clear division of labor and work together, and the coordination between mechanical action and air pressure action is used to guide the desorption reaction. The desorption cost is low and the desorption effect is good.

[0017] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide capture system module of the present application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the flow relationship between gas and materials; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the reactor structure of the present application; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the flow relationship between gas and materials; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the decomposition warehouse structure of this application; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the flow relationship between gas and materials; Figure 7 This is a partial structural diagram of the interior of the decomposition chamber of the present application; Figure 8 It is a flow chart of the control method of this application.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1-input branch; 2-transmission branch; 3-reactor; 4-decomposition chamber; 5-cooler; 6-carbon dioxide storage tank; 7-gas transmission branch; 81-first heat exchange component; 82-second heat exchange component; 83-third heat exchange component; 84-fourth heat exchange component; 9-blower; 10-heater; 11-circulating compressor; 31-storage tank; 32-exhaust pipe; 33-adsorption shell; 34-adsorption top shell; 35-blocking component; 36-feeding channel; 37-spiral reaction channel; 40 - heating channel; 41 - desorption outer shell; 42 - desorption inner shell; 43 - upper sealing plate; 44 - lower sealing plate; 45 - support plate; 46 - drop pipe; 47 - material input pipe; 48 - carbon dioxide inlet pipe; 49 - carbon dioxide outlet pipe; 451 - elastic member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] This application proposes a carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials. The structure is compact and reasonable, and the various components work together to ensure that the system can operate continuously and stably, reduce the probability of failure, and improve the reliability and practicality of the system. The waste heat generated by the system is fully utilized to improve the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, and the high efficiency and stability of the adsorption reaction are ensured through a precise temperature control mechanism. For details of the system modules, please refer to the attached Figure 1 , the flow of materials and gases is as follows Figure 2 The specific plan is as follows: A carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials comprises a reactor 3, a decomposition chamber 4, at least one transport branch 2 and multiple input branches 1; wherein the structure of the reactor 3 is as shown in the attached Figure 3 As shown, the gas and material flow relationship inside the reactor 3 is as shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown; the structure of the decomposition chamber 4 is as shown in the attached Figure 5 As shown, the flow relationship of gas and material inside the decomposition chamber 4 is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 As shown; Input branch 1, connected to reactor 3, for inputting raw flue gas into reactor 3; The conveying branch 2 connects the reactor 3 and the decomposition chamber 4 and is used to utilize the heat generated by the adsorption reaction in the reactor 3 and / or the residual heat heated by the decomposition chamber 4 to heat part of the original flue gas into heated flue gas having a temperature not lower than a preset adsorption temperature, and utilize the heated flue gas to convey the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber 4 to the reactor 3; Reactor 3 is connected to decomposition chamber 4 and is used to control the internal temperature by selecting the raw flue gas input from input branch 1. When the preset adsorption temperature is reached, the calcium-based granular material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form adsorbed material and decarbonized flue gas, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top, and the adsorbed material is transported from the bottom to decomposition chamber 4; The decomposition bin 4 is provided with a support plate 45 for carrying the adsorbed material through the support plate 45. After carbon dioxide is input until the support plate 45 is displaced, the adsorbed material flows to the side wall of the bin. When the side wall of the bin is heated to reach a preset desorption temperature, the adsorbed material desorbs carbon dioxide and is reduced to a calcium-based granular material. The discharge of carbon dioxide from the top is controlled while the calcium-based granular material is retained.

[0023] In some specific embodiments, it also includes: a cooler 5, connected to the decomposition chamber 4, for cooling the carbon dioxide output from the decomposition chamber 4; a carbon dioxide storage tank 6, for receiving and storing carbon dioxide; a circulating compressor 11, connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6, for providing power to the circulating carbon dioxide gas and controlling and regulating the flow of the required circulating carbon dioxide; a gas transmission branch 7, connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6, the reactor 3 and the decomposition chamber 4 in sequence, for outputting the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 6 to the decomposition chamber 4 after being heated by the reactor 3 and the decomposition chamber 4, so as to realize the gas pressure effect by increasing the gas pressure in the decomposition chamber 4. The cooler 5 and the gas transmission branch 7 are shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown in the attached Figure 3 The device further includes a heater 10 for heating the initial flue gas. At this time, the device does not have preheating.

[0024] The present application uses calcium-based granular material as an adsorbent. Calcium-based granular material is a granular substance with calcium as the main component, generally composed of calcium compounds such as calcium carbonate and calcium oxide, and sometimes may also contain a small amount of impurities such as magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon dioxide. Calcium-based granular material has a good adsorption capacity for acidic gases such as carbon dioxide. Among them, calcium oxide can react chemically with carbon dioxide to generate calcium carbonate, thereby achieving the capture and fixation of carbon dioxide. It has good thermal stability within a certain temperature range. For example, calcium carbonate will decompose into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperatures, but under appropriate temperature conditions, calcium-based granular materials can maintain a stable structure and performance to meet the requirements of different process steps.

[0025] In the present application, the input branch includes a conveying branch 2 for inputting heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate material and a plurality of input branches 1 for inputting raw flue gas. The input branch is connected to the flue gas source and is responsible for inputting flue gas. The conveying branch 2 conveys heated flue gas, while the input branch 1 conveys raw flue gas from the flue gas source. In some embodiments, in order to ensure the flow rate of the flue gas, a fan 9 and a regulating valve are also included. The conveying branch 2 and the input branch 1 are both provided with regulating valves. The fan 9 is respectively connected to the input branch 1 and the conveying branch 2, and is used to convey raw flue gas to the input branch 1 and the conveying branch 2. The opening and closing of each input branch 1 and the conveying branch 2 can be controlled by the regulating valve, thereby controlling the ratio of raw flue gas to heated flue gas.

[0026] Furthermore, the temperature of the heated flue gas delivered by delivery branch 2 is no less than the preset adsorption temperature. Both the heated flue gas and the raw flue gas are flue gases to be adsorbed. The input of the raw flue gas effectively controls the temperature within the spiral reaction channel 37. The calcium-based particulate material acts as an adsorbent, absorbing carbon dioxide from the flue gas. In delivery branch 2, the flue gas serves as a pneumatic conveying source to deliver calcium oxide from the bottom of the decomposition chamber 4 into the reactor 3. In the reactor 3, both the heated flue gas and the raw flue gas are flue gases to be adsorbed. In some embodiments, a separate heater may be provided to prevent insufficient heating.

[0027] In practical applications, the adsorption temperature is 600°C, so heating is necessary to provide this condition. However, the adsorption reaction is exothermic. If all the flue gas is heated to 600°C, as the adsorption exotherm continues, the flue gas will be heated and may reach the desorption temperature (800-900°C). Therefore, cooling is required to remove the heat generated during the adsorption process to maintain adsorption within the optimal temperature range.

[0028] In order to avoid the need for cooling, the present application only heats part of the flue gas (such as 20-30%) to 600°C or above. The carbon dioxide in this part of the flue gas is adsorbed, which releases heat and causes the flue gas temperature to rise. At this time, the introduction of part of the original flue gas (50°C, such as 20%) can control the flue gas temperature at 600-650°C. At the same time, the original flue gas provides new carbon dioxide, and the adsorption reaction can proceed further. With further adsorption, the existing 50% of the original flue gas heats up again. At this time, part of the original flue gas is added to lower the temperature while providing new carbon dioxide. In actual applications, temperature measuring points are set in the spiral reaction channel 37. The flue gas ratio can be precisely controlled by temperature measuring points and control programs. The more temperature measuring points and the more flue gas input branches 1, the more uniform the reaction temperature field, thereby achieving fine control of the reaction temperature field and ensuring uniform temperature throughout the spiral reaction channel 37.

[0029] In this application, the exothermic nature of the adsorption reaction itself is utilized, and the temperature in the spiral reaction channel 37 is cleverly regulated by inputting raw flue gas (50°C), so that it is stabilized in the optimal adsorption temperature range of 600-650°C. This eliminates the investment in traditional cooling equipment, greatly reduces energy consumption costs, and achieves efficient energy utilization. The input of raw flue gas not only regulates the temperature, but also continuously provides a new source of carbon dioxide gas for the adsorption reaction, allowing the adsorption reaction to proceed continuously and efficiently. Compared with adsorption devices that rely solely on a single gas source and cannot effectively control the temperature, the adsorption efficiency of this application is greatly improved. By continuously replenishing new carbon dioxide, the calcium-based granular material can fully exert its adsorption performance, significantly increasing the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed per unit time, thereby improving the working efficiency of the entire device, being able to process more flue gas in the same time, and achieving a higher carbon dioxide capture rate.

[0030] Wherein, the structure of reactor 3 is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 The flow relationship of materials and gases in the reactor 3 is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 4 shown.

[0031] In some specific embodiments, a storage tank and a smoke exhaust pipe 32 are provided in the reactor 3. The smoke exhaust pipe 32 extends into the storage tank, and its outer wall and the inner wall of the storage tank together form a drop channel 36; the spiral reaction channel 37 spirally surrounds the storage tank from bottom to top; the drop channel 36 is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel 37, and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to drive the adsorbed material from the top of the spiral reaction channel 37 downward to the storage tank, and then the adsorbed material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity; a blocking component 35 is provided in the smoke exhaust pipe 32, which is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to flow from bottom to top, while separating the adsorbed material in the decarbonized flue gas through the blocking component 35 and causing it to fall into the storage tank. The relationship between the storage tank, the smoke exhaust pipe 32, and the drop channel is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 shown.

[0032] In some specific embodiments, a spiral reaction channel 37 is provided in the reactor 3; the spiral reaction channel 37 is arranged in a spiral from bottom to top, so that when the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material to spiral upward, the calcium-based granular material can simultaneously adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas; wherein, the spiral reaction channel 37 is connected to the conveying branch 2 and each input branch 1 in sequence from bottom to top, and the channel size increases from bottom to top, and each input branch 1 inputs a corresponding proportion of flue gas into the spiral reaction channel 37. Figure 3 In the embodiment, the spiral reaction channel 37 gradually diffuses outward from bottom to top relative to the outer wall of the storage tank, so as to gradually increase the internal space of the spiral reaction channel 37.

[0033] The spiral reaction channel 37 uses the original flue gas to control the temperature, so that the calcium-based granular material adsorbs carbon dioxide at a preset adsorption temperature, and the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material to move upward along the channel spiral. When it reaches the top of the spiral reaction channel 37, since the blanking channel 36 is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel 37, the calcium-based particles follow the airflow from the blanking channel into the top of the storage area. Since the airflow velocity in this area is reduced, the larger calcium-based particles begin to settle and fall into the storage area after reaching the sedimentation velocity; the fine particles continue to be discharged from the exhaust pipe along with the flue gas after decarbonization. The exhaust pipe 32 extends into the storage tank, and a blanking area and a storage area are formed below its end. In the storage area, the exhaust pipe 32 uses its own structure and airflow to guide the decarbonized flue gas to flow from bottom to top, while blocking the fine calcium-based granular material, causing it to fall into the storage area below due to gravity, thereby achieving complete gas-solid separation.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, the spiral reaction channel 37 is divided into: an input zone, connected to the conveying branch 2, for receiving the heated flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material; a temperature control zone, connected to the input zone, and connected to each input branch 1 from bottom to top, for receiving the original flue gas and mixing it with the heated flue gas, and by controlling the input amount of the original flue gas to reach a preset adsorption temperature, when the flue gas drives the calcium-based particulate material to spiral upward, the calcium-based particulate material simultaneously adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas; a buffer zone, connected to the temperature control zone, for extending the contact between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material to promote adsorption.

[0035] Exemplarily, the spiral reaction channel 37 includes m turns of reaction channels spirally wound from bottom to top, with the end point of the nth turn of reaction channels being the starting point of the n+1th turn of reaction channels; the first turn of reaction channels connects to the delivery branch 22, the mth turn of reaction channels connects to the material discharge channel 36, and at least a portion of the second through m-2th turns of reaction channels connect to the input branch 1; wherein n is an integer not less than 1, and m is an integer not less than 4. The greater the number of turns of the reaction channel, the longer the contact time between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material, and the greater the amount of flue gas adsorbed. The number of turns of the spiral reaction channel 37 is limited to no less than 4, both to allow sufficient connection points for the input branch 1 and to ensure adsorption duration and effectiveness.

[0036] In the accompanying drawings, the spiral reaction channel 37 is connected in turns like a spring, and the starting point of each turn is the end point of the previous turn, and the end point of each turn is the starting point of the next turn. Each turn is defined as a reaction channel, and the bottom one is the first turn of the reaction channel. The reaction channel of the first turn is the input area, which is connected to the conveying branch 2, and the heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate material enter the spiral reaction channel 37 from here. In actual applications, the reaction channels of the first few turns can be set to connect to the input branch 1, leaving enough time for the flue gas and calcium-based particulate material to contact, so that the two can react in the subsequent turns of the reaction channels. For example, the spiral reaction channel 37 includes 6 turns of reaction channels spirally wound from bottom to top. The second to fourth turns can be defined as temperature control zones, connecting multiple input branches 1; the fifth to sixth turns of reaction channels can be defined as buffer zones to extend the contact between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material, facilitating the adsorption reaction.

[0037] The adsorption shell cover is arranged on the storage tank, including an adsorption top shell 34 and an adsorption outer shell 33 extending downward from the adsorption top shell 34. Figure 3 As shown in the attached Figure 3 In the figure, the adsorption shell 33 is stepped. The exhaust pipe 32 passes through the adsorption top shell 34 from top to bottom and extends into the storage tank. The end of the exhaust pipe 32 is used as the boundary to divide the storage tank from top to bottom into a drop area and a storage area. Figure 3 In the figure, the dotted line is the dividing line. The area above the dotted line is the material drop zone, and the area below the dotted line is the material storage zone. The outer wall of the exhaust pipe 32 and the inner wall of the storage tank form a material drop channel 36 in the material drop zone; the adsorption shell 33 surrounds the outer wall of the storage tank at intervals, and a spiral reaction channel 37 is formed between its inner wall and the outer wall of the storage tank, spirally wrapping around the storage tank from bottom to top; the relationship between the spiral reaction channel 37, the material drop channel 36 and the exhaust pipe 32 is shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 shown.

[0038] In the attached Figure 3In the diagram, the adsorption top shell 34 is located above the storage tank and is spaced apart from the storage tank to facilitate the entry of flue gas and materials into the storage tank. The adsorption outer shell 33 is formed by the adsorption top shell 34 extending from top to bottom, wrapping around the storage tank and also spaced apart from the outer wall of the storage tank to facilitate the reaction of flue gas and adsorbent within the channel.

[0039] In the present application, the spiral reaction channel 37 is formed between the outer wall of the storage tank and the inner wall of the adsorption shell 33. The space inside the spiral reaction channel 37 is arranged in a spiral upward and has a channel. The starting point of the spiral reaction channel 37 is at the bottom and is connected to the conveying branch 2. The heated flue gas and calcium-based particulate material enter the spiral reaction channel 37 from the conveying branch 2, and an adsorption reaction will occur when they are at the adsorption temperature. In some embodiments, a certain amount of calcium-based particulate material can be pre-stored inside the spiral reaction channel 37, and adsorption is carried out together with the calcium-based particulate material conveyed by the conveying branch 2.

[0040] In some embodiments, the distance between the inner wall of the adsorption shell 33 and the outer wall of the storage tank increases gradually from bottom to top, so that the channel size of the spiral reaction channel 37 increases gradually from bottom to top. Figure 3 and 4 As shown. In the spiral reaction channel 37, the adsorption reaction is a dynamic process. As the reaction proceeds, the raw flue gas is continuously input at multiple positions of the spiral reaction channel 37, and the volume of the gas continues to increase during the rising process. As the height rises, the space between the adsorption shell 33 and the storage tank gradually increases, providing more space for possible thermal expansion, gas flow or material buffering, and reducing problems such as pressure accumulation or material blockage caused by space limitations. The gradual increase in the channel can provide more space for the gas, avoid excessive gas pressure due to insufficient space, and ensure that the reaction can proceed smoothly. As the reaction proceeds, the gas temperature gradually increases and the circulation channel required for expansion also increases. When it reaches the next input branch point, the input low-temperature raw flue gas cools the gas, but the circulation channel required for the increase in the total amount of gas also needs to increase, and the gradual increase in the channel from bottom to top can ensure that the airflow velocity of the entire reaction process is within a reasonable set range. Furthermore, the presence of spiral reaction channel 37 ensures a longer reaction contact time within the same equipment volume. The special design of the channel combined with the flue gas input branch ensures excellent fluidization of the flue gas and adsorbent particles, ensuring better mass and heat transfer. Due to the high unit adsorption capacity of the calcium base and the high heat release, good heat transfer contributes to a uniform temperature distribution within the reaction space, preventing local overheating. This combination of measures improves the adsorption efficiency of carbon dioxide. In the initial reaction phase, the lower portion reacts vigorously, generating significant heat. Smaller channels can concentrate this heat, maintaining a higher reaction temperature and facilitating the initiation of the adsorption reaction.

[0041] The adsorption top shell 34 is spaced apart above the storage tank, and together with the adsorption outer shell 33, forms a buffer zone surrounding the smoke exhaust pipe 32 above the storage tank; the buffer zone is connected to the spiral reaction channel 37 and the drop channel 36, respectively, so that the movement trend of the flue gas and calcium-based particulate material is converted from spiral upward to vertically downward. The flue gas and material enter the drop channel 36 through the buffer zone. The smoke exhaust pipe 32 passes through the adsorption top shell 34 from top to bottom and extends into the storage tank. Its outer wall and the inner wall of the storage tank form a specific spatial structure in the drop zone, namely the drop channel 36. This structural design provides a clear flow path for the calcium-based particulate material and the flue gas. Due to the limitation of the channel, the calcium-based particulate material and the flue gas can only flow from top to bottom along this specific space. On the one hand, the calcium-based particulate material has a tendency to fall downward naturally under the action of gravity. On the other hand, the pressure difference that may exist in the system will also push the flue gas and calcium-based particulate material to flow downward.

[0042] The exhaust duct 32 runs from top to bottom through the top shell and into the storage tank, providing a specific transmission path for flue gas and calcium-based particulate material. It connects to the spiral reaction channel 37 and the discharge channel 36, allowing the material and flue gas to flow in an orderly manner between different areas of the reactor 3, ensuring the continuity of the entire process flow. The exhaust duct 32 achieves gas-solid separation in the storage area based on the different physical properties of gas and solid particles. The decarbonized flue gas is fluid and can flow from bottom to top within the exhaust duct 32. However, due to gravity, the calcium-based particulate material loses its upward momentum upon contact with the inner wall of the exhaust duct 32 or the associated blocking member 35, and falls into the storage area. The blocking member 35 restricts the flow path of the flue gas, preventing it from being discharged in a straight line, but rather following a tortuous path. Compared to straight-line flow, the flue gas travels a significantly longer distance and residence time within the exhaust duct 32. When the flue gas encounters the blocking member 35 during its flow, it collides and reflects. The tortuous flow path makes it easier for solid particles in the flue gas (such as calcium-based particulate materials that may be carried) to collide with the blocking component 35 or the pipe wall under the action of inertia and settle down, thereby achieving more effective gas-solid separation, reducing the pollution of solid particles discharged with the flue gas to the environment, and also avoiding the wear of subsequent equipment by particles.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, the reactor 3 is provided with a first heat exchange component 81 and a second heat exchange component 82, and the decomposition chamber 4 is provided with a third heat exchange component 83 and a fourth heat exchange component 84; the conveying branch 2 is respectively connected to the first heat exchange component 81 and the third heat exchange component 83, and the first heat exchange component 81 and the second heat exchange component 82 are heated by the heat released during the adsorption of carbon dioxide by the calcium-based granular material; the gas transmission branch 7 is respectively connected to the second heat exchange component 82 and the fourth heat exchange component 84, and the heat of the high-temperature carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition is used to heat the third heat exchange component 83 and the fourth heat exchange component 84.

[0044] When the calcium-based granular material adsorbs carbon dioxide in reactor 3, it releases heat, raising the temperature of the raw flue gas. This heated flue gas is then used to heat the raw flue gas and the circulating carbon dioxide gas through the first heat exchange component 81 and the second heat exchange component 82. The decomposition chamber 4 heats the sidewalls of the chamber to bring the adsorbed material to a preset desorption temperature. The heat generated by the heated chamber sidewalls heats the desorbed carbon dioxide and the circulating carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide then heats the circulating carbon dioxide gas and the raw flue gas through the third heat exchange component 83 and the fourth heat exchange component 84. The provision of these heat exchange components enables heat recycling, avoids energy waste, reduces reliance on external energy sources, and lowers energy consumption, thereby reducing system operating costs. This makes the carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials more economically viable and competitive in practical applications. Heat that would otherwise be lost is reused to heat other processes requiring heat, such as heating the transported carbon dioxide, heating the raw flue gas into heated flue gas, and heating the circulating carbon dioxide input into the decomposition chamber 4. This reduces external energy input and overall system energy consumption.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first heat exchange component 81 and the second heat exchange component 82 are located in the exhaust pipe 32 of the reactor 3. The flue gas after decarbonization is discharged from the exhaust pipe 32 with heat, and this heat can be used for heating. In addition to serving as heating components, the first heat exchange component 81 and the second heat exchange component 82 can also serve as blocking components 35 to block solid matter such as calcium-based particulate materials in the decarbonized flue gas, thereby achieving gas-solid separation. In some embodiments, the third heat exchange component 83 and the fourth heat exchange component 84 are located in the upper space of the storage chamber in the decomposition bin 4. The upper space is the place where carbon dioxide and calcium-based particulate materials are separated. After being heated by the heating channel 40, carbon dioxide and calcium-based particulate materials carry heat into the upper space and are heated by using this heat. Similarly, in addition to serving as heating components, the third heat exchange component 83 and the fourth heat exchange component 84 can also serve as blocking components 35 to block solid matter such as calcium-based particulate materials in carbon dioxide, thereby achieving gas-solid separation.

[0046] In some embodiments, carbon dioxide is heated to no less than 700° C. through the second heat exchange component 82 and the fourth heat exchange component 84 , and the raw flue gas is heated to no less than 600° C. through the first heat exchange component 81 and the second heat exchange component 82 .

[0047] The structure of the decomposition chamber 4 is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 5 As shown in the attached figure, the flow relationship between materials and gases is as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0048] In some embodiments, the decomposition chamber 4 is provided with a receiving chamber and a drop pipe 46 located in the receiving chamber, with a support plate 45 forming the bottom of the receiving chamber. The heating channel 40 surrounds the receiving chamber. The receiving chamber is used to receive the adsorbed material and is supported by the support plate 45. The gas supply branch 7 is connected to the receiving chamber and is used to input heated high-pressure carbon dioxide into the receiving chamber to heat the adsorbed material while achieving the effect of gas pressure. The support plate 45 is used to mechanically close the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel 40, and to open the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel 40 under the action of gas pressure, so that the adsorbed material diffuses from the bottom of the receiving chamber into the bottom of the heating channel 40.

[0049] In some embodiments, the decomposition bin 4 is further provided with a plurality of drop pipes 46, which are located in the receiving chamber and connect the upper space and the lower space of the receiving chamber; the heating channel 40 is connected to the upper space, and is used to guide carbon dioxide to drive the calcium-based granular material to flow from bottom to top into the upper space; the upper space is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6, and is used to separate carbon dioxide from calcium-based granular material, and guide carbon dioxide to be output to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6; the drop pipe 46 is used to guide the calcium-based granular material in the upper space to fall into the lower space, and use the calcium-based granular material in the tube to heat the adsorbed material outside the tube; the lower space is connected to the conveying branch 2, and is used to store the calcium-based granular material, and to convey the calcium-based granular material to the reactor 3 through the conveying branch 2. In the attached Figure 7 In the figure, the down pipe 46 passes through the lower sealing plate 44 and the support plate 45 to communicate with the B3 area below.

[0050] Specifically, the decomposition bin 4 includes a desorption outer shell 41, a desorption inner shell 42, an upper sealing plate 43, and a lower sealing plate 44. The space above the material receiving chamber is defined as the top zone, and the space below is defined as the bottom zone. The interior of the desorption outer shell 41 is divided into a top zone, a material separation zone, and a bottom zone from top to bottom, respectively, with the planes where the upper sealing plate 43 and the lower sealing plate 44 are located as boundaries; one end of each drop pipe 46 is connected to the top zone through the upper sealing plate 43, and the other end is connected to the bottom zone through the lower sealing plate 44, so as to guide the calcium-based granular material in the top zone to fall from top to bottom into the bottom zone; the support plate 45 is elastically connected to the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42, and together with the outer wall of each drop pipe 46, the desorption inner shell 42 and the upper sealing plate 43, it forms a material receiving chamber independent of each drop pipe 46 in the material separation zone. The relationship between the support plate 45, the lower sealing plate 44, and the drop pipe 46 is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 shown.

[0051] The upper sealing plate 43 and the lower sealing plate 44 are respectively located at the top and bottom of the desorption shell 41. They divide the internal space of the desorption shell 41 into a top area, a material separation area and a bottom area from top to bottom, and play the role of separating space and supporting other components. The top area is the area where the calcium-based granular material and carbon dioxide are separated after desorption, and corresponds to the outer top shell, which is connected to the bottom area through a drop pipe 46, so that the material falls from the top area to the bottom area from top to bottom, realizing the circulation of the calcium-based granular material. The bottom area is the terminal area where the calcium-based granular material falls, and is connected to the drop pipe 46 to temporarily store the calcium-based granular material falling from the top area. In some embodiments, the bottom area is provided with a material output pipe, which is used to output the desorbed calcium-based granular material. The material separation area is the area where the material flows and reacts, and is the main place for the desorption reaction. The material receiving cavity and the heating channel 40 are both located in the material separation area. The receiving chamber is located in the material separation area. It is composed of the support plate 45, the outer wall of each drop pipe 46, the desorption inner shell 42 and the upper sealing plate 43, and is independent of each drop pipe 46. The receiving chamber is used to receive carbon dioxide and the calcium-based granular material to be desorbed. It is the area where the material and gas are initially mixed. The calcium-based granular material to be desorbed enters the receiving chamber through a special pipeline. Figure 7 In the figure, B1 is the material receiving chamber, B2 is the heating channel 40, B3 is the bottom area, and B4 is the material separation area.

[0052] The desorption reaction must be carried out under specific temperature conditions. The desorption temperature is 800-900°C, so a specialized heating device is required for precise heating. In some specific embodiments, the portion of the desorption shell 41 in the material separation area serves as a heating sidewall, which is provided with an insulation layer and surrounded by heating equipment. The heating channel 40 is the area formed between the heating sidewall and the outer wall of the desorption inner shell 42 and surrounds the desorption inner shell 42. This application constructs a dedicated heating channel 40. A heating assembly heats a specific area of the desorption shell 41, utilizing the space between the desorption shell 41 and the desorption inner shell 42 as the desorption reaction space. Exemplarily, electromagnetic heating is employed. An insulation layer structure is provided on the outside of the desorption shell 41, surrounded by an electromagnetic heating structure. The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic heating heats the desorption shell 41, which then transfers heat to the heating channel 40. The heating channel can be a combustion chamber, with heat flowing sequentially from the shell to the combustion chamber to the insulation layer. If electromagnetic heating is employed, the heat flows sequentially from the shell to the insulation layer to the electromagnetic heating coil.

[0053] In the attached Figure 5In the material receiving chamber, the material input pipe 47 extends into the desorption inner shell 42 and is connected to the receiving chamber, and the calcium-based granular material adsorbed with carbon dioxide enters the receiving chamber through the material input pipe 47. The receiving chamber receives the calcium-based granular material to be desorbed. The support plate 45 is a plate-like component located at the bottom of the receiving chamber, and its shape and size are adapted to the bottom of the receiving chamber to ensure that it can completely cover the bottom of the receiving chamber and realize the control of the discharge of the calcium-based particles to be desorbed. A plurality of drop pipes 46 are interspersed in the receiving chamber, and the support plate 45 also leaves openings for the drop pipes 46, and the up and down movement of the support plate 45 is also carried out through the drop pipes 46. The shape and size of the support plate 45 are adapted to the bottom of the receiving chamber and can completely cover the bottom of the receiving chamber. In the attached Figure 5 In the process, carbon dioxide is inputted through the carbon dioxide outlet pipe which extends into the desorption inner shell 42 and communicates with the material receiving chamber, and is discharged through the carbon dioxide outlet pipe 49 in the top area.

[0054] The support plate 45 is connected to the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42, and the special connection method allows the support plate 45 to produce a certain displacement when subjected to external force. Specifically, under the preset mechanical action, the support plate 45 can be tightly fitted to the end of the desorption inner shell 42, thereby closing the material receiving cavity; and under the action of the air pressure in the material receiving cavity, the support plate 45 can overcome the mechanical action and move away from the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42, opening the material receiving cavity so that it is connected to the heating channel 40. The open state is as shown in FIG. Figure 7 There are various connection schemes for the connection between the support plate 45 and the desorption inner shell 42. The connection between the support plate 45 and the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42 includes: elastic connection, magnetic connection or hinge connection.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, an elastic member 451 is provided at the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42, and the elastic member 451 is connected to the support plate 45 to provide elastic force to make the support plate 45 close to the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42; the elastic force of the elastic member 451 on the support plate 45 is greater than the sum of the support plate 45 and the gravity of the maximum load capacity of the calcium-based granular material on the support plate 45. This elastic connection method enables the support plate 45 to produce a certain displacement when subjected to external force. The support plate 45 can fit tightly to the end of the desorption inner shell 42, thereby closing the material receiving chamber; and under the action of the air pressure in the material receiving chamber, the support plate 45 can overcome the elastic force, move away from the lower end of the desorption inner shell 42, open the material receiving chamber and connect it with the heating channel 40. The elastic force of the elastic member 451 is limited to ensure that the elastic member 451 will not move downward due to excessive material above the support plate 45. The elastic connection scheme is shown in the attached Figure 7 shown.

[0056] When the receiving chamber is opened, the carbon dioxide gas continuously input through the carbon dioxide outlet pipe 4948 forms an airflow in the chamber. This airflow will have a purge effect on the calcium-based granular material adsorbed with carbon dioxide stored in the receiving chamber. Since the calcium-based granular material has a certain fluidity, under the purge force of the carbon dioxide gas, the material will flow along the open passage, that is, toward the direction of the heating channel 40, and then flow into the heating channel 40. At the same time, the input carbon dioxide is heated and can preliminarily heat the calcium-based granular material. The heating of carbon dioxide is achieved in this application by using the second heat exchange component 82 and the fourth heat exchange component 84, which uses the heat released by adsorption in the reactor 3 and the remaining heat heated in the decomposition bin 4 to heat the carbon dioxide, making full use of the energy generated by the system.

[0057] The heating channel 40 is located between the desorption outer shell 41 and the desorption inner shell 42. It is the core area for realizing the desorption of carbon dioxide from the calcium-based granular material. By controlling the temperature and providing a suitable space, the smooth progress of the desorption reaction is guaranteed. Carbon dioxide is desorbed from the calcium-based granular material. As carbon dioxide desorbs, the desorbed calcium-based granular material and carbon dioxide gas continue to flow in the heating channel 40. Since carbon dioxide has a certain flow rate, it will drive the desorbed calcium-based granular material to flow toward the top area. The air flow velocity is reduced to below the sedimentation velocity of the calcium-based particles, the calcium-based granular material falls into the drop pipe 46, and the carbon dioxide flows out upward. The top area is also provided with a heating structure, which is used to utilize the heat generated by the heating channel 40 for heating. The third heat exchange component 83 and the fourth heat exchange component 84 are the heating structures of the top area.

[0058] This application also proposes a control method for a carbon dioxide capture system, which is applicable to any of the above carbon dioxide capture systems. The control method flow is shown in the attached Figure 8 As shown, the method includes: 101. After heating the flue gas of a preset proportion to a temperature not lower than a preset adsorption temperature, the heated flue gas is used to drive the calcium-based particulate material at the bottom of the decomposition bin to be transported to the reactor; 102. Input the original flue gas in a corresponding proportion according to the temperature in the reactor; at the adsorption temperature, the calcium-based granular material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form decarbonized flue gas and adsorbed material, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the reactor from above, and the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber; 103. After the adsorbed material is input into the decomposition chamber, it is supported by the support plate at the bottom; 104. Control the heated carbon dioxide gas to be input into the decomposition chamber, and the support plate is moved downward under the action of gas pressure, and the adsorbed material flows to the heating channel with the help of the movement of the support plate; 105. After the heating channel reaches the desorption temperature, the adsorbed material decomposes the carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based granular material. The calcium-based granular material and the carbon dioxide are blown to the top area of the decomposition chamber; 106. In the top area, the air flow velocity decreases, and the calcium-based granular material falls from the drop pipe to the bottom area of the decomposition bin under the action of gravity, and transfers heat to the adsorbed material between the drop pipes during the falling process; carbon dioxide is output from the top area of the decomposition bin.

[0059] In some embodiments, the control method further includes: The carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is transported through the gas transmission branch, and the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber are used to heat the transported carbon dioxide, and then transported to the decomposition chamber; The raw flue gas is transported through the transport branch, and the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber are used to heat the raw flue gas to form heated flue gas, which is then used to transport the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor. In the decomposition chamber, the heated carbon dioxide is used to heat the adsorbed material, and the calcium-based granular material in the drop pipe is used to heat the adsorbed material outside the pipe.

[0060] This application proposes a carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials and its control method, constructing a complete and ingenious heat circulation process and material circulation process. The circulation process is closely linked, and the structural design is ingenious and practical. While ensuring the efficient adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide, it improves energy utilization efficiency, reduces energy consumption, reduces equipment maintenance costs and energy procurement costs, and enables the carbon dioxide capture system to show good economic benefits in long-term operation. The exothermic heat of the adsorption reaction in the reactor and the waste heat from heating in the decomposition chamber are fully exploited to construct a heat circulation mechanism and improve the synergy of heat utilization. By accurately selecting the amount of original flue gas in the input branch, the internal temperature of the reactor can be accurately adjusted to ensure that the adsorption reaction is carried out under the best working conditions, greatly improving the capture efficiency of carbon dioxide. The various areas in the decomposition chamber have clear division of labor and work together, and the coordination between mechanical action and air pressure action is used to guide the desorption reaction. The desorption cost is low and the desorption effect is good.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules of the present application described above can be implemented using a general-purpose computing system. They can be centralized on a single computing system or distributed across a network of multiple computing systems. Alternatively, they can be implemented using program code executable by a computer system, so that they can be stored in a storage system and executed by the computing system. Alternatively, they can be fabricated into separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0062] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, although the present application has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application. The scope of the present application is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

[0063] The above disclosure only describes several specific implementation scenarios of the present application. However, the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide capture system based on calcium-based granular materials, characterized in that: It includes a reactor, a decomposition chamber, at least one conveying branch and multiple input branches; The input branch is connected to the reactor and is used to input raw flue gas into the reactor; The conveying branch is connected to the reactor and the decomposition chamber, and is used to use the heat generated by the adsorption reaction in the reactor and / or the residual heat from the decomposition chamber to heat part of the original flue gas into heated flue gas with a temperature not lower than a preset adsorption temperature, and use the heated flue gas to convey the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor; The reactor is connected to the decomposition chamber and is used to control the internal temperature by selecting the raw flue gas input from the input branch. When the preset adsorption temperature is reached, the calcium-based particulate material adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas to form adsorbed material and decarbonized flue gas, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the top, and the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber from the bottom. The decomposition bin is provided with a support plate and a heating channel, which is used to carry the adsorbed material through the support plate, block the adsorbed material from entering the heating channel under a preset mechanical action, and guide the adsorbed material into the heating channel under a preset air pressure. When the heating channel reaches a preset desorption temperature, the adsorbed material desorbs carbon dioxide and is reduced to a calcium-based granular material, controlling the discharge of carbon dioxide from the top while retaining the calcium-based granular material.

2. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: a cooler, connected to the decomposition chamber, for cooling the carbon dioxide output from the decomposition chamber; Carbon dioxide storage tank, used to receive and store carbon dioxide; A circulating compressor, connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, is used to provide power for circulating carbon dioxide gas and control and adjust the flow rate of the required circulating carbon dioxide; The gas transmission branch is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, the reactor and the decomposition chamber in sequence, and is used to output the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank to the decomposition chamber after being heated by the reactor and the decomposition chamber, so as to realize the gas pressure effect by increasing the gas pressure in the decomposition chamber.

3. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 2, characterized in that The reactor is provided with a first heat exchange component and a second heat exchange component, and the decomposition chamber is provided with a third heat exchange component and a fourth heat exchange component; The delivery branch is connected to the first heat exchange component and the third heat exchange component respectively, and the first heat exchange component and the second heat exchange component are heated by the heat released during the adsorption of carbon dioxide by the calcium-based granular material; The gas transmission branch is connected to the second heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component respectively, and uses the heat of the high-temperature carbon dioxide generated by decomposition to heat the third heat exchange component and the fourth heat exchange component.

4. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, wherein: The reactor is provided with a spiral reaction channel; the spiral reaction channel is arranged to spirally surround from bottom to top, so that when the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material to spiral upward, the calcium-based granular material can simultaneously adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas; The spiral reaction channel sequentially connects the delivery branch and each input branch from bottom to top, and the channel size increases from bottom to top. Each input branch inputs a corresponding proportion of flue gas into the spiral reaction channel.

5. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that The spiral reaction channel is divided into the following sections from bottom to top: An input area, connected to the conveying branch, for receiving the heated flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material; The temperature control zone is connected to the input zone and is connected to each input branch in sequence from bottom to top, and is used to receive the original flue gas and mix it with the heated flue gas. By controlling the input amount of the original flue gas to reach the preset adsorption temperature, when the flue gas drives the calcium-based granular material to spiral upward, the calcium-based granular material simultaneously adsorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas; The buffer zone is connected to the temperature control zone and is used to prolong the contact between the flue gas and the calcium-based particulate material to promote adsorption.

6. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that The reactor is further provided with a storage tank and a smoke exhaust pipe, wherein the smoke exhaust pipe extends into the storage tank and the outer wall thereof and the inner wall of the storage tank together form a material drop channel; The spiral reaction channel spirally surrounds the storage tank from bottom to top; The material drop channel is connected to the top of the spiral reaction channel, and is used to guide the decarbonized flue gas to drive the adsorbed material from the top of the spiral reaction channel downward to the storage tank, and then the adsorbed material falls into the storage tank under the action of gravity; A blocking structure is provided in the smoke exhaust pipe for guiding the decarbonized flue gas to flow from bottom to top, while separating the adsorbed materials in the decarbonized flue gas through the blocking structure and causing them to fall into the storage tank.

7. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 2, characterized in that The decomposition chamber is provided with a material receiving cavity and a drop pipe located in the material receiving cavity, the support plate is the bottom of the material receiving cavity; the heating channel surrounds the material receiving cavity; The material receiving cavity is used to receive the adsorbed material and carry it through the support plate; The gas transmission branch is connected to the material receiving chamber and is used to input heated carbon dioxide into the material receiving chamber; To achieve the air pressure effect; The support plate is used to close the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel under the mechanical action, and to open the connection between the receiving chamber and the heating channel under the action of the air pressure so that the adsorbed material flows in a diffused manner from the bottom of the receiving chamber to the bottom of the heating channel.

8. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 7, characterized in that The decomposition chamber is further provided with a plurality of drop pipes, which are located in the material receiving cavity and communicate with the upper space and the lower space of the material receiving cavity; The heating channel is connected to the upper space and is used to guide the carbon dioxide to drive the calcium-based granular material to flow into the upper space from bottom to top; The upper space is connected to the carbon dioxide storage tank, and is used to separate the carbon dioxide from the calcium-based granular material and guide the carbon dioxide to be output to the carbon dioxide storage tank; The drop pipe is used to guide the calcium-based granular material in the upper space to fall into the lower space, and use the calcium-based granular material in the pipe to heat the adsorbed material outside the pipe; The lower space is connected to the conveying branch and is used for storing the calcium-based granular material and conveying the calcium-based granular material to the reactor through the conveying branch.

9. A method for controlling a carbon dioxide capture system, characterized in that: Used to control the carbon dioxide capture system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the control method comprising: After heating the flue gas of a preset proportion to a temperature not lower than a preset adsorption temperature, the heated flue gas is used to drive the calcium-based granular material at the bottom of the decomposition bin to be transported to the reactor; The raw flue gas is input in a corresponding proportion according to the temperature in the reactor; at the adsorption temperature, the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is adsorbed by the calcium-based particulate material to form decarbonized flue gas and adsorbed material, and the decarbonized flue gas is discharged from the reactor from above, and the adsorbed material is transported to the decomposition chamber; When the adsorbed material is input into the decomposition chamber, it is supported by the support plate at the bottom; Controlling the input of heated carbon dioxide gas into the decomposition chamber, the support plate is forced to move downward under the action of gas pressure, and the adsorbed material flows to the heating channel with the help of the movement of the support plate; After the heating channel reaches the desorption temperature, the adsorbed material decomposes the carbon dioxide and is reduced to calcium-based granular material, and the calcium-based granular material and the carbon dioxide are blown to the top area of the decomposition bin; In the top area, the air flow velocity decreases, and the calcium-based granular material falls from the drop pipe to the bottom area of the decomposition bin under the action of gravity, and transfers heat to the adsorbed material between the drop pipes during the falling process; carbon dioxide is output from the top area of the decomposition bin.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: The carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is transported through the gas transmission branch, and the transported carbon dioxide is heated by utilizing the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber, and then transported to the decomposition chamber; The raw flue gas is transported through the transport branch, and the raw flue gas is heated by utilizing the heat generated during adsorption in the reactor and the heat generated during desorption in the decomposition chamber to form heated flue gas, and the heated flue gas is utilized to transport the calcium-based particulate material in the decomposition chamber to the reactor; In the decomposition chamber, the heated carbon dioxide is used to heat the adsorbed material, and the calcium-based granular material in the drop pipe is used to heat the adsorbed material between the drop pipes.

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