Multi-parameter self-adaptive adjusting mechanism for laser welding head

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding head multi-parameter self-adaptive adjusting mechanism which comprises a laser welding head, a lens is movably mounted in the laser welding head, and a focusing mechanism, an airflow range adjusting mechanism and an airflow adjusting mechanism are arranged on the laser welding head. The focusing mechanism is used for adjusting the distance between the lens and the light source; the airflow range adjusting mechanism is used for controlling the action range of the protective gas; and the gas flow adjusting mechanism is used for controlling the flow of the protective gas. Through the mechanical and hydraulic synchronous design, the focusing displacement of the lens is automatically converted into synchronous adjustment of the protective gas action range and the gas flow; the gas system can be automatically driven by the synchronizing mechanism only by adjusting the knob to control the position of the lens, so that the operation process is greatly simplified, the cooperative control of laser power, gas flow and gas protection range is realized, and each parameter does not need to be independently operated manually.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, and in particular to a multi-parameter self-adaptive adjustment mechanism for a laser welding head. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding technology is widely used in modern manufacturing due to its high efficiency, precision, and wide applicability to a wide range of welding materials. However, with the increasing complexity of product designs and quality standards, traditional laser welding technology faces numerous challenges. These challenges primarily arise from the increasing control requirements for laser power, welding speed, and shielding gas during the welding process, necessitating technological innovation to improve welding quality and efficiency.

[0003] In the prior art, there is a Chinese invention patent with announcement number CN116673624B and patent name "Adaptive Laser Welding Equipment", which specifically discloses a tray lifting mechanism and a copper nozzle clamping mechanism provided in the middle of the frame, flexible galvanometer mechanisms provided at both ends of the frame, a dust suction mechanism provided on the side of the tray lifting mechanism, and a copper nozzle clamping mechanism including a clamping electric cylinder, a guide plate and a clamping plate. The clamping plate is installed above the guide plate, and the guide plate is installed on the output shaft of the clamping electric cylinder. A plurality of guide grooves are provided on the guide plate, which is a horizontal inclined groove inclined from the inner side to the outer side of the guide plate. The copper nozzle of the dust suction mechanism is installed in the guide groove. The guide plate can move under the drive of the clamping electric cylinder, and the copper nozzle can move along the guide groove to the card slot of the clamping plate.

[0004] The above solution has high welding flexibility and effectively reduces welding costs. Each pole corresponds to an independent copper nozzle, which has higher welding accuracy. The galvanometer with a large field of view allows the servo to move and weld multiple poles at a time. Double-sided galvanometer welding greatly improves the welding cycle.

[0005] However, after many experiments, we found that laser power directly affects the molten pool temperature and the metal melting process. Excessive power can lead to welding defects such as porosity, dissolution and excessive heat-affected zone, while too low power may not be able to melt the material. Therefore, precise laser power adjustment is an important factor in improving weld quality, and the main function of the shielding gas is to prevent the reaction between metal and air during welding, reducing oxidation, porosity and other welding defects.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary not only to control the flow of shielding gas, but also to ensure its uniform distribution in the welding area to ensure welding quality.

[0007] While the welding equipment described above provides basic functionality, existing systems often lack the ability to dynamically adjust these parameters due to the variability of welding conditions. Consequently, in many welding processes, laser power and gas flow cannot be adjusted instantly based on material properties and welding conditions. This can lead to excessively high or low weld pool temperatures, uneven weld formation, and defects such as porosity, cracks, or incomplete penetration. This delayed response makes it difficult to promptly and effectively address any unexpected welding situations, significantly reducing welding quality and efficiency.

[0008] Therefore, a multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism for a laser welding head is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical problems solved

[0010] In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism for a laser welding head, which can solve the problem in the prior art that the laser power, shielding gas flow and range cannot be adaptively adjusted during the laser welding process.

[0011] Technical Solution

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0013] The present invention provides a multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism for a laser welding head, comprising a laser welding head, wherein a lens is movably installed inside the laser welding head, and a focusing mechanism, an airflow range adjustment mechanism and an airflow adjustment mechanism are provided on the laser welding head. The focusing mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the lens and the light source; the airflow range adjustment mechanism is used to control the range of action of the protective gas; the airflow adjustment mechanism is used to control the flow of the protective gas; wherein the airflow range adjustment mechanism includes a fixed sleeve connected to the laser welding head, and the fixed sleeve is provided with several groups of baffles distributed in a circular manner, and the several groups of baffles form a protective cover covering the front end of the laser welding head, and the airflow adjustment mechanism includes two groups of sealing plates that are relatively slidably arranged in the gas channel of the laser welding head.

[0014] Furthermore, a synchronization mechanism is installed on the laser welding head, and the synchronization mechanism is used to convert the linear displacement of the lens into a unidirectional hydraulic driving force and control the opening adjustment of the protective cover and the caliber adjustment of the gas channel.

[0015] Furthermore, the focusing mechanism includes a rotating rod inserted in the laser welding head, the two ends of the rotating rod are respectively connected to an adjustment knob and a gear, the interior of the laser welding head is slidably installed with a rack meshing with the gear, and the lens is mounted on the rack.

[0016] Furthermore, the synchronization mechanism includes a mounting sleeve installed on the surface of the laser welding head, a U-shaped tube is installed inside the mounting sleeve, and a slidable piston rod A and a piston rod B are respectively provided at both ends of the U-shaped tube. The piston rod A is set to be L-shaped and penetrates into the interior of the laser welding head and is connected to the rack.

[0017] Furthermore, the airflow range adjustment mechanism includes a sliding sleeve slidably connected to the surface of the laser welding head, the other end of the piston rod B is connected to the sliding sleeve, a connecting rod A is provided between the sliding sleeve and the fixed sleeve, and the two ends of the connecting rod A are respectively hinged to the sliding sleeve and the fixed sleeve.

[0018] Furthermore, a slot is provided on the surface of the fixing sleeve, a baffle is rotatably connected inside the slot, an outer convex block B is connected to the outer surface of the baffle, and the other end of the connecting rod A is rotatably connected to the outer convex block B.

[0019] Furthermore, a retractable metal corrugated sheet is connected between two adjacent groups of baffles.

[0020] Furthermore, the surface of the retractable metal corrugated sheet is provided with a guide groove.

[0021] Furthermore, the air flow regulating mechanism includes a sealing plate inserted in the laser welding head, an outer side of the sealing plate is provided with an external protrusion C, the surface of the external protrusion C is rotatably connected to a connecting rod B, and the other end of the connecting rod B is rotatably connected to the inner protrusion provided on the inner surface of the baffle.

[0022] Furthermore, the two sets of sealing plates are provided with guide grooves on opposite sides.

[0023] Beneficial effects

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention uses a mechanical and hydraulic synchronization design to automatically convert the focusing displacement of the lens into a synchronous adjustment of the protective gas action range and gas flow rate. Only the lens position needs to be controlled by adjusting the knob, and the gas system can be automatically driven by the synchronization mechanism, which greatly simplifies the operation process and realizes the coordinated control of laser power, gas flow rate, and gas protection range without the need for manual independent operation of each parameter.

[0026] Among them, the retractable protective cover dynamically adjusts the opening and closing angle according to the welding area to ensure that the protective gas evenly covers the molten pool, effectively isolates the air, and reduces defects such as oxidation and porosity; the guide grooves on the surface further guide the airflow and reduce turbulence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the adaptive adjustment mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of the adaptive adjustment mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the focusing mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the synchronization mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the rear side of the airflow range adjustment mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the front side of the airflow range adjustment mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the installation of the air flow regulating mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] The numbers in the figure represent: 1. Laser welding head; 2. Focusing mechanism; 201. Adjusting knob; 202. Turning rod; 203. Gear; 204. Rack; 205. Slide plate; 206. Lens; 3. Synchronizing mechanism; 301. Mounting sleeve; 302. U-shaped tube; 303. Piston rod A; 304. Piston rod B; 4. Air flow range adjustment mechanism; 401. Sleeve; 402. External protrusion A; 403. Connecting rod A; 404. Fixed sleeve; 405. Slot; 406. Baffle; 407. External protrusion B; 408. Retractable metal corrugated sheet; 409. Internal protrusion; 5. Air flow adjustment mechanism; 501. Sealing plate; 502. External protrusion C; 503. Connecting rod B; 504. Guide groove; 6. Sealing cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It will be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings only illustrate portions relevant to the present invention, not all structures.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific circumstances.

[0038] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0039] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and other orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely for ease of description and simplified operation. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used solely for descriptive purposes and have no special meanings.

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0041] Example:

[0042] Please refer to the attached Figure 1-7 This solution proposes a multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism for the laser welding head. By adjusting the lens displacement to change the laser system's focal position and spot diameter, the laser beam can achieve optimal energy concentration at different locations based on the laser power and welding speed requirements. This allows for better control of heat input and optimized weld quality during high-speed welding. The mechanical force of lens adjustment is simultaneously converted through hydraulic energy to control the shielding gas range and flow rate, achieving synchronized adaptive control of the shielding gas range and flow rate with the laser power.

[0043] Specifically, the laser welding head 1 is surface-mounted with a focusing mechanism 2 for adjusting the lens position. The focusing mechanism 2 includes a rotating rod 202 inserted within the laser welding head 1. An adjustment knob 201 and a gear 203 are connected to each end of the rotating rod 202. The adjustment knob 201 is located outside the laser welding head 1, while the gear 203 is located inside the laser welding head 1. Rotating the adjustment knob 201 on the outside of the laser welding head 1 controls the rotation of the rotating rod 202 and the gear 203. The focusing mechanism 2 also includes a rack 204 slidably mounted within the laser welding head 1. The rack 204 meshes with the gear 203. When the gear 203 rotates within the laser welding head 1, it pushes the rack 204 to slide within the laser welding head 1. The direction of the rack 204's movement within the laser welding head 1 can be controlled by rotating the adjustment knob 201. A slide 205 is connected to the rack 204, and a lens 206 is mounted within the slide 205. The lens 206 can be further controlled to slide horizontally in the laser welding head 1 by adjusting the knob 201, thereby adjusting the distance between the lens 206 and the light source, thereby achieving focus control of the laser beam and ensuring that the laser beam can form an optimal spot within a specific distance.

[0044] More specifically, the synchronization mechanism 3 includes a mounting sleeve 301 mounted on the surface of the laser welding head 1, with a U-shaped tube 302 mounted within the mounting sleeve 301. A piston rod A 303 and a piston rod B 304 are slidably mounted on the two horizontal ends of the U-shaped tube 302, respectively. The piston rod A 303 is configured in an L-shape, extending through the interior of the laser welding head 1 and connected to the rack 204. When the welder adjusts the position of the lens 206 using the rotating rod 202, the rack 204 synchronously drives the piston rod A 303 to slide within the U-shaped tube 302, thereby squeezing the liquid within the U-shaped tube 302. This hydraulic pressure simultaneously drives the piston rod B 304 to slide within the U-shaped tube 302, achieving mechanical energy transfer. The mechanical energy of the piston rod B 304 controls the airflow range adjustment mechanism 4 and the airflow flow adjustment mechanism 5 mounted on the front side of the laser welding head 1, allowing the laser cutting power to be synchronously matched with the range and flow of the protection system to ensure welding under different working conditions.

[0045] At the same time, a sealing cover 6 is connected to the surface of the piston rod A303, which covers the surface of the slide groove where the piston rod A303 passes through the inside of the laser welding head 1, and the length of the sealing cover 6 is greater than the length of the slide groove, so that the piston rod A303 can always maintain a sealed state inside the laser welding head 1 during the movement, preventing dust from entering and interfering with the laser.

[0046] The difference is that the airflow range adjustment mechanism 4 includes a sleeve 401 that is slidably connected to the surface of the laser welding head 1, and the other end of the piston rod B304 is connected to the sleeve 401. The surface of the sleeve 401 is provided with an external protrusion A402, and the external protrusion A402 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod A403. The airflow range adjustment mechanism 4 also includes a fixed sleeve 404 that is fixedly connected to the surface of the laser welding head 1. The fixed sleeve 404 is located at the front end of the sleeve 401; the surface of the fixed sleeve 404 is provided with a slot 405, and the interior of the slot 405 is rotatably connected to a baffle 406; the outer surface of the baffle 406 is connected to an external protrusion B407, and the other end of the connecting rod A403 is rotatably connected to the external protrusion B407.

[0047] When the mechanical force generated by the rotation of the rotating rod 202 is converted into a sliding force for the piston rod B304 through the hydraulic pressure within the U-shaped tube 302, the piston rod B304 pushes the sliding sleeve 401 to slide on the surface of the laser welding head 1, thereby adjusting the distance between the sliding sleeve 401 and the fixed sleeve 404. When the distance between the sliding sleeve 401 and the fixed sleeve 404 changes, the connecting rod A403 drives the baffle 406 to rotate within the slot 405, further adjusting the angle of the baffle 406.

[0048] The surface of the sliding sleeve 401 is rotatably connected to several groups of connecting rods A403 distributed in equal distances around the circumference. The fixed sleeve 404 is provided with a matching number of baffles 406, and each group of connecting rods A403 is rotatably connected to a group of baffles 406, so that the several groups of baffles 406 on the fixed sleeve 404 can be rotated and adjusted synchronously, and the adjustment angles are consistent.

[0049] During the synchronous adjustment process, several groups of baffles 406 always form a cone-shaped protective cover at the front end of the laser welding head 1 and cover the outside of the welding point, effectively isolating the welding point from direct contact with the outside air, especially oxygen. This can effectively reduce the oxidation of the metal caused by reaction with oxygen during the welding process, thereby ensuring the purity and quality of the weld.

[0050] At the same time, when the front end of the laser welding head 1 ejects shielding gas during the laser welding process, the cover can effectively guide and confine the gas to the welding area, forming a stable atmosphere. This ensures uniform coverage of the shielding gas, reduces disturbances in the gas flow, and improves the protection effect. At the same time, the shield helps stabilize the flow speed and direction of the shielding gas. The shielding gas is used to discharge the air at the welding point from the inside to the outside of the gap, which can effectively reduce turbulence and eddy currents in the airflow. This can better control the distribution of local temperature during the welding process, reduce welding defects caused by uneven airflow, and provide a relatively stable environment, reducing external interference such as wind and dust, ensuring that the laser beam remains stable during the welding process, thereby improving welding accuracy.

[0051] Retractable corrugated metal sheets 408 are connected between two adjacent sets of baffles 406. When the baffles 406 are adjusted in angle on the fixed sleeve 404, the retractable corrugated metal sheets 408 maintain a sealed gap between the baffles 406, thereby ensuring the integrity of the protective shield formed by the airflow range adjustment mechanism 4 outside the weld point, effectively guiding and restricting the flow of the shielding gas. Furthermore, the surfaces of the retractable corrugated metal sheets 408 are embossed with flow-guiding grooves, effectively reducing turbulence that may occur when the shielding gas flows along the retractable corrugated metal sheets 408.

[0052] It is worth noting that a gas flow regulating mechanism 5 is slidably mounted within the front end of the laser welding head 1. This mechanism controls the diameter of the shielding gas outlet pipe at the front end of the laser welding head 1, thereby synchronizing the shielding gas flow rate with the laser power and range of action. The gas flow regulating mechanism 5 comprises a sealing plate 501 inserted within the laser welding head 1. An external protrusion C502 is provided on the outer side of the sealing plate 501. A connecting rod B503 is rotatably connected to the surface of the external protrusion C502. The other end of the connecting rod B503 is rotatably connected to an internal protrusion 409 provided on the inner surface of the baffle 406.

[0053] As baffle 406 rotates, it simultaneously pulls sealing plate 501 to slide via connecting rod B503, thereby controlling the insertion depth of sealing plate 501 within laser welding head 1. The gas flow adjustment mechanism 5 is equipped with two sets of sealing plates 501 positioned opposite each other. By adjusting the spacing between the two sets of sealing plates 501, the flow rate of shielding gas can be varied, thereby achieving simultaneous adjustment of laser power, shielding gas flow rate, and range of action.

[0054] The two sets of sealing plates 501 are provided with guide grooves 504 on the opposite sides. When the shielding gas flows out between the two sets of sealing plates 501, the shielding gas is guided by the guide grooves 504, and the corresponding shielding gas passes through a V-shaped channel, which can concentrate the shielding gas in the welding area, ensuring that the gas can more effectively cover the weld and the surrounding area; and guide the airflow along the groove wall to reduce the occurrence of turbulence.

[0055] It should be noted that during the adjustment process of the lens 206:

[0056] When the adjustment knob 201 is turned counterclockwise, it pushes the rack 204 to slide backward at the front end of the laser welding head 1, thereby reducing the distance between the lens 206 and the light source, thereby reducing the focal length. As the focal length decreases, the spot diameter becomes smaller, and the heat-affected zone decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the flow rate of the shielding gas. This allows for more focused protection of the welding area and avoids gas disturbances caused by excessive gas flow, which can affect the welding process.

[0057] At the same time, for welding areas with smaller focal points, the shielding gas should be adjusted to be more concentrated, so the shielding cover needs to better control the directionality and concentration of the airflow to ensure more effective protection around the welding point.

[0058] Furthermore, during this process, piston rod A303 squeezes the liquid in U-shaped tube 302, and then pushes piston rod B304 to slide outward through the hydraulic pressure in U-shaped tube 302. This controls sliding sleeve 401 to slide toward fixed sleeve 404, reducing the distance between sliding sleeve 401 and fixed sleeve 404.

[0059] At this point, connecting rod A403 pushes baffle 406 toward the center of the front end of laser welding head 1, thereby reducing the diameter of the protective cover in front of laser welding head 1 and achieving centralized control of the shielding gas. Simultaneously, as baffle 406 rotates inward, it presses down on sealing plate 501 via connecting rod B503, thereby controlling sealing plate 501 to reduce the amount of shielding gas discharged from laser welding head 1, thereby reducing the shielding gas flow rate.

[0060] When the adjustment knob 201 is turned counterclockwise, it pushes the rack 204 forward within the laser welding head 1, thereby increasing the distance between the lens 206 and the light source, thereby increasing the focal length. As the focal length increases, the spot diameter increases, and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) increases. Therefore, the flow rate of the shielding gas needs to be increased to ensure coverage over a larger area and prevent oxidation and other adverse reactions. Furthermore, as the spot size increases, the shielding gas hood should be adjusted to a wider range to evenly cover and accommodate the larger HAZ of the weld, ensuring that the gas covers the perimeter of the weld area and provides effective protection.

[0061] Furthermore, during this process, piston rod A303 draws liquid from the U-tube 302, creating negative pressure. This in turn, the hydraulic pressure within the U-tube 302 pulls piston rod B304 inward. This controls the sliding sleeve 401 to slide toward the fixed sleeve 404, increasing the distance between the sliding sleeve 401 and the fixed sleeve 404. At this point, connecting rod A403 pulls baffle 406 outward at the front of the laser welding head 1 and opens the retractable metal corrugated sheet 408, thereby increasing the diameter of the protective shield at the front of the laser welding head 1 and achieving a wider range of shielding gas protection.

[0062] At the same time, when the baffle 406 rotates outward, it pulls the sealing plate 501 upward through the connecting rod B503, thereby controlling the sealing plate 501 to reduce the restriction on the discharge of the shielding gas in the laser welding head 1, thereby increasing the flow rate of the shielding gas.

[0063] During the adaptive adjustment process of the focusing mechanism 2, the air flow range adjustment mechanism 4, and the air flow adjustment mechanism 5, it is assumed that: the angle of rotation of the adjustment knob 201 is θ, the moving distance of the lens 206 is L, and the size of the protective cover opening is D. top, the diameter of the protective gas flow channel is D pipe , laser power is P, and shielding gas flow is Q. Then:

[0064] The lens 206 moves a distance L according to the angle of rotation of the adjustment knob 201, and the two are directly proportional, that is:

[0065] L = α·θ; where α is the proportional constant between the rotation angle of the adjustment knob 201 and the movement distance of the lens 206;

[0066] The opening size of the protective cover is determined according to the moving distance of the lens 206, that is:

[0067] D top =D0+β·L; where D0 is the initial opening size of the protective cover, and β is the proportional coefficient of the moving distance of the lens 206 to the opening size of the protective cover;

[0068] The diameter of the protective gas flow channel is calculated based on the opening size of the protective cover, that is,

[0069] D pipe =η·D top ; Where η is the influence coefficient of the opening size of the protective cover on the diameter of the protective gas flow channel;

[0070] The shielding gas flow rate is calculated based on the shielding gas flow channel diameter, that is,

[0071] Where v is the gas flow rate;

[0072] The laser power is adaptively adjusted according to the protective gas flow rate and the focal position of the lens, that is: P = Q·λ; where λ is the proportional coefficient between the gas flow rate and the laser power.

[0073] Using these quantitative calculation formulas, we can adaptively adjust the movement of lens 206 based on the rotation angle of adjustment knob 201. This in turn controls the opening size of the shield and the diameter of the shielding gas flow channel, ultimately achieving automatic regulation of laser power, shielding gas flow rate, and its effective range. This system design can enhance the flexibility and accuracy of contemporary welding technology, improving the overall efficiency and quality of the welding process.

[0074] A deep reinforcement learning algorithm is used to establish a control model, breaking through the proportional limitations of traditional mechanical linkage. Through AI algorithms, nonlinear collaborative optimization of the three parameters of lens position, gas flow, and protection range is achieved, and an optimal mapping relationship of multi-dimensional parameters is established. It responds to changes in welding material properties (thickness / thermal conductivity) and environmental parameters (temperature / humidity) in real time, dynamically adjusting the control strategy to ensure the stability of the welding process. Based on visual analysis of the molten pool morphology, the risk of defects such as pores and cracks is predicted, and compensatory control is performed in advance to improve the weld pass rate. While ensuring welding quality, the dynamic adjustment algorithm is used to reduce shielding gas consumption and laser energy loss.

[0075] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism for a laser welding head, comprising a laser welding head (1), wherein a lens (206) is movably mounted inside the laser welding head (1), characterized in that: The laser welding head (1) is provided with: A focusing mechanism (2), the focusing mechanism (2) being used to adjust the distance between the lens (206) and the light source; An air flow range regulating mechanism (4), wherein the air flow range regulating mechanism (4) is used to control the effective range of the protective gas; A gas flow regulating mechanism (5), wherein the gas flow regulating mechanism (5) is used to control the flow of protective gas; The air flow range adjustment mechanism (4) includes a fixed sleeve (404) connected to the laser welding head (1), and the fixed sleeve (404) is provided with a plurality of groups of baffles (406) distributed in a circumferential manner. The plurality of groups of baffles (406) form a protective cover covering the front end of the laser welding head (1). The air flow adjustment mechanism (5) includes two groups of sealing plates (501) relatively slidably arranged in the gas channel of the laser welding head (1).

2. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser welding head (1) is also equipped with a synchronization mechanism (3), which is used to convert the linear displacement of the lens (206) into a unidirectional hydraulic driving force and control the opening adjustment of the protective cover and the caliber adjustment of the gas channel.

3. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The focusing mechanism (2) comprises a rotating rod (202) inserted into the laser welding head (1), the two ends of the rotating rod (202) are respectively connected to an adjustment knob (201) and a gear (203), a rack (204) meshing with the gear (203) is slidably mounted inside the laser welding head (1), and the lens (206) is mounted on the rack (204).

4. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The synchronization mechanism (3) comprises a mounting sleeve (301) mounted on the surface of the laser welding head (1); a U-shaped tube (302) is mounted inside the mounting sleeve (301); a slidable piston rod A (303) and a slidable piston rod B (304) are respectively provided at both ends of the U-shaped tube (302); the piston rod A (303) is configured in an L-shape to penetrate the interior of the laser welding head (1) and be connected to the rack (204).

5. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air flow range adjustment mechanism (4) includes a sliding sleeve (401) slidably connected to the surface of the laser welding head (1); the other end of the piston rod B (304) is connected to the sliding sleeve (401); a connecting rod A (403) is provided between the sliding sleeve (401) and the fixed sleeve (404); and the two ends of the connecting rod A (403) are respectively hinged to the sliding sleeve (401) and the fixed sleeve (404).

6. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface of the fixing sleeve (404) is provided with a slot (405), the interior of the slot (405) is rotatably connected to a baffle (406), the outer surface of the baffle (406) is connected to an outer protrusion B (407), and the other end of the connecting rod A (403) is rotatably connected to the outer protrusion B (407).

7. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 5, characterized in that: A retractable metal corrugated sheet (408) is connected between two adjacent groups of baffles (406).

8. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The surface of the retractable metal corrugated sheet (408) is provided with a flow guiding groove.

9. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air flow regulating mechanism (5) comprises a sealing plate (501) inserted into the laser welding head (1), an outer side of the sealing plate (501) is provided with an outer protrusion C (502), the surface of the outer protrusion C (502) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod B (503), and the other end of the connecting rod B (503) is rotatably connected to an inner protrusion (409) provided on the inner surface of the baffle (406).

10. The multi-parameter adaptive adjustment mechanism of the laser welding head according to claim 9, characterized in that: The two sets of sealing plates (501) are each provided with a guide groove (504) on one side opposite to the other.

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