Organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1, mixing, stacking and fermenting livestock and poultry manure and first straw powder, then adding a first fermentation inoculant, turning and throwing, and carrying out first fermentation; and S2, continuing to add second straw powder, carrying out first stacking and aging, then adding a second fermentation inoculant, turning the stack, continuing to carry out second fermentation, then carrying out third fermentation at 60-70 DEG C, and then carrying out second aging to obtain the organic fertilizer. In addition, the invention also provides the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method or application of the organic fertilizer in grape planting. According to the preparation method of the organic fertilizer, the water content of the prepared organic fertilizer is low and is as low as 30% or below, the decomposition degree is high, the fertilizer efficiency is high, the yield of grapes can be remarkably increased, and the utilization efficiency of plant waste is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and in particular to an organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Organic fertilizers, primarily derived from plants and / or animals, are processed from biomass, animal and plant waste, and plant residues. They eliminate toxic and harmful substances and are rich in beneficial substances. They not only provide comprehensive nutrition for crops but also have a long-lasting effect. They can increase and regenerate soil organic matter, promote microbial growth, and improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity.

[0003] Crop waste is a valuable biological resource. It's plentiful, widely available, and can be utilized locally. For example, corn straw contains a variety of nutrients needed by plants. After returning corn straw to the field, it slowly decomposes in the soil through microbial action, releasing its mineral nutrients for crop absorption and utilization. The organic matter and humus formed during decomposition provide raw materials for soil microorganisms and organisms, effectively improving soil structure and enhancing soil fertility. Currently, the primary method for returning corn straw to the field is direct straw return. However, corn straw is primarily composed of cellulose and hemicellulose, making it difficult for crops to utilize. It can also affect seeding and emergence, and can easily carry bacteria. Indirect return methods, such as composting, also yield poor conversion rates, and present numerous challenges in fertilizer utilization. (2018 Invention Patent of the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China: Authorization Announcement No. CN 105439770 B)

[0004] Livestock waste can be used to produce organic fertilizer after biological fermentation. Livestock waste primarily includes poultry and livestock feces, urine, and crop straw. These materials are rich in nutrients such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Through biological fermentation, the organic matter can be broken down into organic fertilizer that is easily absorbed by plants. Biological fermentation typically involves the growth and metabolism of microorganisms (such as bacteria and fungi) to convert the organic matter in livestock waste into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants. The fermentation process also generates a certain temperature, which helps eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and weed seeds, thereby improving the quality and safety of organic fertilizers (State Intellectual Property Office 2024 Invention Patent: Authorization Announcement No. CN 116514588 B).

[0005] However, at present, the cost of auxiliary materials for producing organic fertilizer from high-moisture livestock and poultry manure is too high, and the fertilizer efficiency of the finished organic fertilizer is low, resulting in the difficulty in utilizing high-moisture livestock and poultry manure, causing great waste of resources and environmental pollution (State Intellectual Property Office 2018 Invention Patent: Authorization Announcement No. CN 105175031B).

[0006] How to obtain organic fertilizer with high fertilizer efficiency and effectively utilize plant straw is a technical problem that needs to be solved in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical deficiencies, provide an organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, and solve the technical problems of low utilization efficiency of plant waste and low fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above technical purpose, the technical solution of the present invention provides a method for preparing organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1, mixing livestock and poultry manure and the first straw powder, piling and fermenting, then adding the first fermentation agent, turning and tossing, and performing the first fermentation;

[0010] S2, continue to add the second straw powder, pile up for the first aging, then add the second fermentation agent, turn the pile over to continue the second fermentation, then ferment for the third time at 60-70° C., and then age for the second time to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0011] In any embodiment, the first fermentation bacteria agent includes lactic acid bacteria, yeast and faecal streptococci.

[0012] In any embodiment, the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 75%-80%, and the added amount of the first straw powder is 20-25% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure.

[0013] In any embodiment, the addition amount of the first fermentation agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the content of live lactic acid bacteria in the first fermentation agent is 10×10 7 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of yeast is 10×10 6 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of Streptococcus faecalis is 10×10 6 cfu / g.

[0014] In any embodiment, in step S2, the amount of the second straw powder added is 10-15% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure; and / or the first aging time is 4-5 days; and / or the second fermentation time is 10-15 days; and / or the second aging time is 25-30 days; and / or the third fermentation time is 1-2 days.

[0015] In any embodiment, in step S1, the stacking fermentation time is 1-2 days; and / or, in step S1, the first fermentation time is 2-3 days.

[0016] In any embodiment, in step S2, the second fermentation bacteria agent includes Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[0017] In any embodiment, the addition amount of the second fermentation agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the content of viable Aspergillus oryzae in the second fermentation agent is 10×10 6 cfu / g, and the content of live bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 10×10 6 cfu / g.

[0018] In addition, the present invention also provides an organic fertilizer prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0019] In addition, the present invention also proposes the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method or the application of the organic fertilizer in grape planting.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the organic fertilizer prepared by the method has a low moisture content of less than 30%, a high degree of maturity, and high fertilizer efficiency, which can significantly increase grape yields. Furthermore, the method efficiently utilizes plant straw and conducts secondary fermentation, thereby increasing the utilization rate of plant waste. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The "range" disclosed in this application is defined in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundaries of a particular range. The range defined in this way can be inclusive or exclusive of the end values, and can be arbitrarily combined, i.e., any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if a range of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 is listed for a particular parameter, it is understood that a range of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range values listed are 1 and 2, and if the maximum range values listed are 3, 4, and 5, then the following ranges can all be expected: 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 2 to 5. In this application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range "a to b" represents an abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are both real numbers. For example, a numerical range of "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed herein, and "0-5" is simply an abbreviation for these numerical combinations. Furthermore, stating that a parameter is an integer ≥ 2 is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "include" and "comprising" used in this application may be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "include" and "comprising" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or that only the listed components are included.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is used in this application to be inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B." More specifically, the condition "A or B" is satisfied if any of the following conditions are met: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0024] This specific embodiment provides a method for preparing organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1, livestock and poultry manure and the first straw powder are mixed and piled for fermentation for 1-2 days, and then the first fermentation agent is added, and the mixture is turned over and tossed for the first fermentation for 2-3 days; the addition amount of the first fermentation agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the first fermentation agent includes lactic acid bacteria, yeast and fecal streptococcus, and the live bacterial content of lactic acid bacteria is 10×10 7 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of yeast is 10×10 6 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of Streptococcus faecalis is 10×10 6 cfu / g; the moisture content of the livestock and poultry manure is 75%-80%, and the amount of the first straw powder added is 20-25% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure;

[0026] S2, continue to add the second straw powder, pile up and age for 4-5 days for the first time; add the second fermentation agent afterwards, turn the pile and continue the second fermentation for 10-15 days, then carry out the third fermentation for 1-2 days at 60-70 ℃, then age for 25-30 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the second time; the addition amount of the second straw powder is 10-15% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure; the second fermentation agent includes Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the second fermentation agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure, and the viable bacteria content of Aspergillus oryzae is 10×10 6 cfu / g, and the content of live bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 10×10 6 cfu / g. Adding the second straw powder for secondary fermentation can effectively reduce the moisture content and further improve the utilization of plant waste.

[0027] Fermentation at 60-70℃ is beneficial to water evaporation, effectively kills pests and diseases, and improves the maturity of organic fertilizer.

[0028] This specific embodiment also provides an organic fertilizer prepared by the above preparation method.

[0029] This specific embodiment also proposes the organic fertilizer prepared by the above preparation method or the application of the above organic fertilizer in grape planting.

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] In the present invention, references to “some embodiments”, “this embodiment”, examples, etc. describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it can be understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0032] If similar descriptions of "first / second" appear in the application documents, the following explanation is added. In the following description, the terms "first\second\third" are merely used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order of the objects. It can be understood that "first\second\third" can be interchanged with the specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that described herein.

[0033] In this embodiment, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, object A and / or object B may represent three situations: object A exists alone, object A and object B exist at the same time, and object B exists alone.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a kind of organic fertilizer, and is prepared by the following steps:

[0036] S1, livestock and poultry manure and the first straw powder were mixed and piled for fermentation for 1 day, and then the first fermentation agent was added, and the mixture was turned over and fermented for 3 days; the addition amount of the first fermentation agent was 0.08% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the first fermentation agent included lactic acid bacteria, yeast and fecal streptococcus, and the live bacterial content of lactic acid bacteria was 10×10 7 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of yeast is 10×10 6 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of Streptococcus faecalis is 10×10 6 cfu / g; the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 75%, and the amount of the first straw powder added is 20% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure;

[0037] S2, continue to add the second straw powder, pile up and age for 4 days for the first time; add the second fermentation agent afterwards, turn the pile and continue the second fermentation for 12 days, then carry out the third fermentation for 1 day at 65 ℃, then age for 25 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the second time; the addition amount of the second straw powder is 12% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure; the second fermentation agent includes Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the second fermentation agent is 0.08% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure, and the viable bacteria content of Aspergillus oryzae is 10×10 6 cfu / g, and the content of live bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 10×10 6 cfu / g.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] This embodiment provides a kind of organic fertilizer, and is prepared by the following steps:

[0040] S1, livestock and poultry manure and the first straw powder were mixed and piled for fermentation for 1 day, and then the first fermentation agent was added, turned and tossed, and the first fermentation was carried out for 2 days; the addition amount of the first fermentation agent was 0.05% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the first fermentation agent included lactic acid bacteria, yeast and fecal streptococci, and the viable bacterial content of lactic acid bacteria was 10×10 7 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of yeast is 10×10 6 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of Streptococcus faecalis is 10×10 6 cfu / g; the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 80%, and the amount of the first straw powder added is 25% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure;

[0041] S2, continue to add the second straw powder, pile up and age for 4 days for the first time; add the second fermentation agent afterwards, turn the pile and continue the second fermentation for 10 days, then carry out the third fermentation for 2 days at 60 ℃, then age for 30 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the second time; the addition amount of the second straw powder is 10% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure; the second fermentation agent includes Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the second fermentation agent is 0.1% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure, and the viable bacteria content of Aspergillus oryzae is 10×10 6 cfu / g, and the content of live bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 10×10 6 cfu / g.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] This embodiment provides a kind of organic fertilizer, and is prepared by the following steps:

[0044] S1, livestock and poultry manure and the first straw powder were mixed and piled for fermentation for 2 days, and then the first fermentation agent was added, and the mixture was turned over and fermented for the first time for 2 days; the addition amount of the first fermentation agent was 0.1% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the first fermentation agent included lactic acid bacteria, yeast and fecal streptococcus, and the viable bacterial content of lactic acid bacteria was 10×10 7 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of yeast is 10×10 6 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of Streptococcus faecalis is 10×10 6 cfu / g; the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 80%, and the amount of the first straw powder added is 23% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure;

[0045] S2, continue to add the second straw powder, pile up and age for 5 days for the first time; add the second fermentation agent afterwards, turn the pile and continue the second fermentation for 15 days, then carry out the third fermentation for 1.5 days at 70 ℃, then age for 28 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the second time; the addition amount of the second straw powder is 15% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure; the second fermentation agent includes Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the second fermentation agent is 0.05% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure, and the viable bacteria content of Aspergillus oryzae is 10×10 6 cfu / g, and the content of live bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 10×10 6 cfu / g.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the first fermentation bacterial agent contains only lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and an equal amount of yeast is used to replace the fecal streptococcus in Example 1.

[0048] Specifically, this comparative example proposes a kind of organic fertilizer, and is prepared by following steps:

[0049] S1, mixing livestock and poultry manure and the first straw powder and stacking and fermenting for 1 day, then adding a first fermentation agent, turning and tossing, and performing a first fermentation for 3 days; the addition amount of the first fermentation agent is 0.08% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure, and the first fermentation agent includes lactic acid bacteria and yeast; the moisture content of the livestock and poultry manure is 75%, and the addition amount of the first straw powder is 20% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure;

[0050] S2, continue to add the second straw powder, pile up and age for 4 days for the first time; add the second fermentation agent afterwards, turn the pile and continue the second fermentation for 12 days, then carry out the third fermentation for 1 day at 65 ℃, then age for 25 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the second time; the addition amount of the second straw powder is 12% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure; the second fermentation agent includes Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the second fermentation agent is 0.08% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure, and the viable bacteria content of Aspergillus oryzae is 10×106 cfu / g, and the content of live bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 10×10 6 cfu / g.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the second straw powder is not added.

[0053] Specifically, this comparative example proposes a kind of organic fertilizer, and is prepared by following steps:

[0054] S1, livestock and poultry manure and the first straw powder were mixed and piled for fermentation for 1 day, and then the first fermentation agent was added, and the mixture was turned over and fermented for 3 days; the addition amount of the first fermentation agent was 0.08% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the first fermentation agent included lactic acid bacteria, yeast and fecal streptococcus, and the live bacterial content of lactic acid bacteria was 10×10 7 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of yeast is 10×10 6 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of Streptococcus faecalis is 10×10 6 cfu / g; the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 75%, and the amount of the first straw powder added is 20% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure;

[0055] S2, the upper pile was aged for 4 days; then the second fermentation agent was added, the pile was turned over and the second fermentation was continued for 12 days, and then the third fermentation was carried out at 65 ° C for 1 day, and then the second aging was carried out for 25 days to obtain the organic fertilizer; the second fermentation agent included Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the addition amount of the second fermentation agent was 0.08% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the viable bacteria content of Aspergillus oryzae was 10×10 6 cfu / g, and the content of live bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 10×10 6 cfu / g.

[0056] Related trials

[0057] Experimental subjects: 3-year-old Kyoho grape plants (row spacing 2m×3m), with 7 treatments, 10 plants in each group, and 3 replicates:

[0058] Control group: conventional fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.5:0.8, application rate 50kg per mu);

[0059] Organic fertilizer groups 1-5: applied the organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 at a rate of 300 kg per mu;

[0060] Organic fertilizer group 6: Apply commercially available ordinary organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 45%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 5%), with an application rate of 300 kg per mu.

[0061] Fertilization method: Fertilize twice in the furrows during the grape budding period and fruit swelling period, and water after fertilization.

[0062] The grape yield is shown in Table 1, and the sugar and vitamin C contents of the grapes are shown in Table 2.

[0063] Table 1 Grape yield

[0064]

[0065] Table 2 Total sugar and vitamin C content

[0066]

[0067] As can be seen from Table 1, the organic fertilizer proposed by the present invention can significantly increase the yield of single grape plant. As can be seen from Table 2, the organic fertilizer proposed by the present invention can significantly increase the total sugar and vitamin C content of grapes.

[0068] Other beneficial effects include:

[0069] 1. Technology to improve the utilization rate of planting waste.

[0070] 2. The water content of produced organic fertilizer is low.

[0071] 3. Produce high-quality organic fertilizer products that are easy to package, store and apply. The reason why it is easy to package is that the organic fertilizer has low moisture content, is fluffy and soft.

[0072] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic fertilizer, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1, mixing livestock and poultry manure and the first straw powder, piling and fermenting, then adding the first fermentation agent, turning and tossing, and performing the first fermentation; S2, continue to add the second straw powder, pile up for the first aging, then add the second fermentation agent, turn the pile over to continue the second fermentation, then ferment for the third time at 60-70° C., and then age for the second time to obtain the organic fertilizer.

2. The preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The first fermentation bacteria agent includes lactic acid bacteria, yeast and fecal streptococcus.

3. The preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 75%-80%, and the added amount of the first straw powder is 20-25% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure.

4. The preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein The addition amount of the first fermentation agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the content of live lactic acid bacteria in the first fermentation agent is 10×10 7 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of yeast is 10×10 6 cfu / g, the live bacteria content of Streptococcus faecalis is 10×10 6 cfu / g.

5. The preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the amount of the second straw powder added is 10-15% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure; and / or the first aging time is 4-5 days; and / or the second fermentation time is 10-15 days; and / or the second aging time is 25-30 days; and / or the third fermentation time is 1-2 days.

6. The preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the stacking fermentation time is 1-2 days; and / or, in step S1, the first fermentation time is 2-3 days.

7. The preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the second fermentation bacteria include Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

8. The preparation method of organic fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein The addition amount of the second fermentation agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of livestock and poultry manure, and the content of viable Aspergillus oryzae in the second fermentation agent is 10×10 6 cfu / g, and the content of live bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus was 10×10 6 cfu / g.

9. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that The invention is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the organic fertilizer produced by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the organic fertilizer according to claim 9 in grape cultivation.

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