Biological organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine. The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 14-34 parts of tobacco leaf extraction dry powder, 3-12 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 60-80 parts of a tobacco leaf organic fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the survival rate of the effective microbial inoculum is high, and the survival rate of the added bacillus licheniformis reaches more than 80% after the microbial inoculum is preserved for 180 days; (2) the nicotine content in the bio-organic fertilizer is greater than or equal to 1%, and the use amount of pesticides for preventing and treating insect pests after application is reduced by 30-40% And (3) the method is simple, low in production cost, easy to promote popularization and use and small in environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biological fertilizers, and more particularly to a biological organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The production of cigarettes will generate a large amount of tobacco waste. If these tobacco wastes are directly buried or incinerated, they will pose a huge safety hazard to the environment and fire protection.

[0003] Currently, the primary utilization method for discarded tobacco leaves is to extract nicotine from them. Existing extraction methods include "leaching-extraction-stripping," "ion exchange," and "alkali distillation (dry distillation)." However, this technology generates a significant amount of wastewater during production, creating significant challenges for both the environment and the manufacturer. Typically, producing one ton of nicotine requires a significant amount of extraction solvent and discharges over 70 tons of wastewater. The pH of this directly discharged wastewater is less than 7, indicating a weak acidity. It contains substances such as tobacco organic matter and short tobacco fibers. The BOD and COD levels of the wastewater are high, leading to high wastewater treatment costs and a significant constraint on the sustainable development of the manufacturer.

[0004] Therefore, providing an environmentally friendly method for utilizing tobacco waste is an urgent problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In light of this, the present invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine and a method for its preparation. This method uses pre-extracted nicotine as an additive in bio-organic fertilizers to impart soil-borne pest control, overcoming technical challenges such as the consumption of large amounts of extraction solvent and the discharge of large amounts of wastewater. The tobacco organic fertilizer preparation process overcomes the technical challenges of nicotine degradation by microbial fermentation agents and the requirement for long-lived and high-survival microorganisms.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine comprises the following components in parts by mass: 14-34 parts of tobacco leaf extract powder, 3-12 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 60-80 parts of tobacco leaf organic fertilizer.

[0008] The effective viable count of Bacillus licheniformis is ≥ 200 (cfu) / 100 million / g

[0009] The tobacco leaf extract powder contains more than 1.5-2% nicotine, more than 60% organic matter, more than 8% amino acids, 25-30% biochemical potassium fulvic acid, organic colloids, total sugars in tobacco leaves, calcium carbonate (magnesium), ammonia nitrogen and organic phosphorus, and other large amounts of nutrients suitable for the growth of crops.

[0010] Adding one or more amino acid raw materials to fertilizers can enhance the comprehensive absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements by crops, improve fertilizer utilization, promote growth, increase yield, improve crop quality, promote root growth, enhance stress resistance and improve soil.

[0011] The total sugar, amino acids and organic colloids in tobacco leaves provide sufficient nutrients and carriers for Bacillus licheniformis, improving the survival rate of effective bacterial agents. After 180 days of storage, the survival rate of the added Bacillus licheniformis reaches more than 80%, and the surviving bacteria function normally under the condition of nicotine content ≥1%.

[0012] Preferably, a bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of tobacco leaf extract powder, 5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 70 parts of tobacco leaf organic fertilizer.

[0013] Preferably, the tobacco organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-80 parts of waste tobacco powder, 10-20 parts of crushed peat soil, 10-20 parts of tobacco extract liquid extracted with hot water and concentrated by low-temperature vacuum to a solid content of 30-50%, and 5-10 parts of Bacillus licheniformis.

[0014] Preferably, the nicotine content in the bio-organic fertilizer is ≥1%.

[0015] Nicotine, also known as nicotine, is a functional fertilizer for preventing and controlling soil-borne pests and diseases that combines organic fertilizer, microbial efficacy, and natural insecticide functions because of its steam fumigation, stomach poison, contact insecticide, and biodegradability without residue.

[0016] A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine comprises the following steps:

[0017] (1) Preparation of tobacco leaf extract powder: extracting tobacco leaves with hot water, concentrating, and drying to obtain tobacco leaf extract powder;

[0018] (2) Preparation of tobacco organic fertilizer: waste tobacco powder, peat soil powder, hot water extraction and low-temperature vacuum concentration of tobacco extract to a solid content of 30-50%, and Bacillus licheniformis are weighed and mixed according to the mass fraction, and then fermented at a humidity of 40-50% and a temperature of 50-70°C for 5-10 days;

[0019] (3) adding Bacillus licheniformis and tobacco organic fertilizer to the tobacco leaf extract powder in sequence and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a first mixture for later use;

[0020] (4) drying the first mixture to a moisture content of 26% to 30% to obtain a premix for later use;

[0021] (5) The premix is prepared into granules with a particle size of 1-4 mm and dried until the moisture content is less than 30% to obtain the finished product.

[0022] Preferably, the step (1) includes the following steps:

[0023] (11) Hot water extraction: The dried tobacco leaves are subjected to hot water extraction to obtain a first extract, wherein the extraction temperature is 70-100°C, the extraction time is 60-90 minutes, and the solid-liquid ratio is 3:7; the dried tobacco leaves are then placed in the first extract and continue to be extracted until the solid content of the extract is 7-10%;

[0024] (12) Concentration: The extract having a solid content of 7% to 10% is concentrated under low temperature vacuum to a solid content of 30% to 50% to obtain a concentrated solution;

[0025] Low-temperature vacuum concentration conditions are: first-effect vacuum degree 0.05Mpa, temperature 65°C, second-effect vacuum degree 0.08Mpa, temperature 60°C;

[0026] (13) spray drying: spray drying the concentrated solution to obtain tobacco leaf extract powder, wherein the nicotine mass concentration of the tobacco leaf extract powder is 1.5% to 2%;

[0027] The spray drying conditions are: ammonium sulfate as the spray aid, inlet air temperature of 160±5°C, material solid content of 44-60%, feed rate of 16-17 kg / min, water evaporation of 8-8.5 kg / min, raw steam consumption of 27 kg / min, and raw steam pressure of 0.8 MPa.

[0028] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (4) and step (5) is ≤ 60°C.

[0029] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The survival rate of the effective bacterial agent is high. After 180 days of storage, the survival rate of the added Bacillus licheniformis is over 80%;

[0031] (2) The nicotine content in bio-organic fertilizer is ≥1%, and the amount of pesticide used for pest control is reduced by 30%-40% after application;

[0032] (3) The method is simple, the production cost is low, it is easy to promote and use, and it has little pollution to the environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Various equipment and devices used in the method of the present invention, such as filtering equipment, low-temperature vacuum concentration equipment, constant temperature reaction container, granulator, drying equipment, etc., can all adopt existing technology equipment.

[0035] The sources of microorganisms used in the present invention: Bacillus licheniformis (YM1257, YM1258 Bacillus licheniformis) were purchased from Yunnan Institute of Microbiology.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] (1) Preparation of tobacco leaf extract powder:

[0038] (11) Hot water extraction: The dried tobacco leaves are subjected to hot water extraction to obtain a first extract, wherein the extraction temperature is 70-100°C, the extraction time is 60-90 minutes, and the solid-liquid ratio is 3:7; the dried tobacco leaves are then placed in the first extract and continue to be extracted until the solid content of the extract reaches 7%;

[0039] (12) Concentration: The extract is concentrated under low temperature and vacuum until the solid content is 45% to obtain a concentrated solution;

[0040] Low-temperature vacuum concentration conditions are: first-effect vacuum degree 0.05Mpa, temperature 65°C, second-effect vacuum degree 0.08Mpa, temperature 60°C;

[0041] (13) Spray drying: spray drying the concentrated solution to obtain tobacco leaf extract powder with a nicotine concentration of 1.5%;

[0042] The spray drying conditions are: ammonium sulfate as the spray aid, inlet air temperature of 160±5°C, material solid content of 44-60%, feed rate of 16-17 kg / min, water evaporation of 8-8.5 kg / min, raw steam consumption of 27 kg / min, and raw steam pressure of 0.8 MPa.

[0043] (2) Preparation of tobacco organic fertilizer: 60 parts of waste tobacco leaf powder, 20 parts of ground peat soil, 10 parts of tobacco leaf extract concentrated to 30-50% solids by hot water extraction and vacuum concentration, and 10 parts of Bacillus licheniformis. Ferment the waste tobacco leaves at a humidity of 40-50% and a temperature of 50-70°C for 5-10 days.

[0044] (3) adding 6 kg of Bacillus licheniformis and 70 kg of tobacco organic fertilizer to 24 kg of tobacco leaf extract powder in sequence and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a first mixture for later use;

[0045] (4) drying the first mixture to a moisture content of 26% at a drying temperature of 60° C. to obtain a premix for later use;

[0046] (5) The premix is prepared into granules with a particle size of 1 mm and dried to a moisture content of less than 30% at a drying temperature of 60° C. to obtain the finished product.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] (1) Preparation of tobacco leaf extract powder:

[0049] (11) Hot water extraction: The dried tobacco leaves are subjected to hot water extraction to obtain a first extract, wherein the extraction temperature is 70-100°C, the extraction time is 60-90 minutes, and the solid-liquid ratio is 3:7; the dried tobacco leaves are then placed in the first extract and continue to be extracted until the solid content of the extract reaches 8.5%;

[0050] (12) Concentration: Concentrating the extract under low temperature vacuum until the solid content is 40% to obtain a concentrated solution;

[0051] Low-temperature vacuum concentration conditions are: first-effect vacuum degree 0.05Mpa, temperature 65°C, second-effect vacuum degree 0.08Mpa, temperature 60°C;

[0052] (13) Spray drying: spray drying the concentrated solution to obtain tobacco leaf extract powder with a nicotine concentration of 1.75%;

[0053] The spray drying conditions are: ammonium sulfate as the spray aid, inlet air temperature of 160±5°C, material solid content of 44-60%, feed rate of 16-17 kg / min, water evaporation of 8-8.5 kg / min, raw steam consumption of 27 kg / min, and raw steam pressure of 0.8 MPa.

[0054] (2) Preparation of tobacco organic fertilizer: 70 parts of waste tobacco leaf powder, 15 parts of ground peat soil, 10 parts of tobacco leaf extract concentrated to 30-50% solids by hot water extraction and vacuum concentration, and 5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis. Ferment the waste tobacco leaves at a humidity of 40-50% and a temperature of 50-70°C for 5-10 days.

[0055] (3) adding 6 kg of Bacillus licheniformis and 80 kg of tobacco organic fertilizer to 14 kg of tobacco leaf extract powder in sequence and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a first mixture for later use;

[0056] (4) drying the first mixture to a moisture content of 30% at a drying temperature of 50° C. to obtain a premix for later use;

[0057] (5) The premix is prepared into granules with a particle size of 4 mm and dried to a moisture content of less than 30% at a drying temperature of 50° C. to obtain the finished product.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] (1) Preparation of tobacco leaf extract powder:

[0060] (11) Hot water extraction: The dried tobacco leaves are subjected to hot water extraction to obtain a first extract, wherein the extraction temperature is 70-100°C, the extraction time is 60-90 minutes, and the solid-liquid ratio is 3:7; the dried tobacco leaves are then placed in the first extract and continue to be extracted until the solid content of the extract reaches 10%;

[0061] (12) Concentration: Concentrating the extract under low temperature and vacuum until the solid content is 50% to obtain a concentrated solution;

[0062] Low-temperature vacuum concentration conditions are: first-effect vacuum degree 0.05Mpa, temperature 65°C, second-effect vacuum degree 0.08Mpa, temperature 60°C;

[0063] (13) Spray drying: spray drying the concentrated solution to obtain tobacco leaf extract powder with a nicotine concentration of 2%;

[0064] The spray drying conditions are: ammonium sulfate as the spray aid, inlet air temperature of 160±5°C, material solid content of 44-60%, feed rate of 16-17 kg / min, water evaporation of 8-8.5 kg / min, raw steam consumption of 27 kg / min, and raw steam pressure of 0.8 MPa.

[0065] (2) Preparation of tobacco organic fertilizer: 80 parts of waste tobacco leaf powder, 5 parts of ground peat soil, 20 parts of tobacco leaf extract concentrated to 30-50% solids by hot water extraction and vacuum concentration, and 5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis. Ferment the waste tobacco leaves at a humidity of 40-50% and a temperature of 50-70°C for 5-10 days.

[0066] (3) adding 6 kg of Bacillus licheniformis and 60 kg of tobacco organic fertilizer to 34 kg of tobacco leaf extract powder in sequence and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a first mixture for later use;

[0067] (4) drying the first mixture to a moisture content of 28% at a drying temperature of 55° C. to obtain a premix for later use;

[0068] (5) The premix is prepared into granules with a particle size of 2 mm and dried to a moisture content of less than 30% at a drying temperature of 55° C. to obtain the finished product.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] The commercially available Bacillus licheniformis bio-organic fertilizer was compared with the three examples. The test results showed that the nicotine content (on a dry basis) / %, the survival rate of effective bacteria (cfu) / 100 million / g, and the survival time were generally low.

[0071] Experiment 1: Physical and chemical index detection

[0072] (1) Detection object: biological organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1-3;

[0073] (2) Testing indicators: effective viable bacteria count, organic matter content, moisture content, nicotine content, pH value and shelf life.

[0074] (3) Detection method: The effective viable bacterial count shall be determined according to NY 884 standard, and the organic matter shall be determined according to NY 525 standard. Nicotine content shall be determined according to NF ISO 10315-2013 Cigarettes. Determination of nicotine content in tobacco oil. Gas chromatography; or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

[0075] (4) Test results: The test results are shown in the table.

[0076] Surface physical and chemical index test results

[0077]

[0078] It can be seen from the table that the natural nicotine content of the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the method of the present invention meets the standard requirements.

[0079] Experiment 2

[0080] (1) Experimental method: The experimental group was fertilized with the organic fertilizer prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3 (10 kg / plant for winter fertilizer and 15 kg / plant for spring fertilizer), and the control group was fertilized with the chemical pesticide that had the best effect in preventing cottony apple aphids as control CK (root irrigation treatment from the flowering stage to the young fruit formation stage with a 750-fold dilution of 40% bromoxynil·thiamethoxam SC).

[0081] (2) Results:

[0082] All of them can sustainably reduce the number of Red Fuji apple aphids falling (at the peak period of apple aphids on June 10, Example 3 was 0.5 / plant (including root aphids and branch aphids, the same below), Example 1 was 0.7 / plant, the control was 0.92 / plant, and Example 2 was 0.93 / plant), increase the insect population reduction rate, and have better and longer control effects on apple aphids. The control effects are in the following order: Example 3 ≧ Example 1 ≧ Control ≧ Example 2 (the effect of Example 2 was lower than that of the control, which may be related to the lower nicotine content).

[0083] The quality analysis of Red Fuji apples on October 10 during the apple harvest period showed that both the experimental group and the control group (treated with 40% bromoxynil·thiamethoxam SC) increased the soluble solids content of apples (according to the NYT1841 test results, Example 3 was 13.5%, Example 1 was 13.2%, the control was 12.8%, and Example 2 was 13.1%), the soluble protein content (the fresh sample Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 staining method tested Example 3 to be 0.63g / 100g, Example 1 to be 0.61g / 100g, the control to be 0.56g / 100g, and Example 2 to be 0.65g / 100g), and the total sugar content (anthrone colorimetric method tested Detection Example 3 is 13.5g / 100g, Example 1 is 13.2g / 100g, the control is 12.8g / 100g, and Example 2 is 13.1g / 100g); and the total acid content (according to the NYT1841 test result, Example 3 is 0.067%, Example 1 is 0.065%, the control is 0.075%, and Example 2 is 0.07%) and the vitamin C content (fresh sample high performance liquid chromatography test example 3 is 3.9mg / 100g, Example 1 is 3.2mg / 100g, the control is 4.0mg / 100g, and Example 2 is 3.6mg / 100g) is significantly reduced.

[0084] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0085] The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14-34 parts of tobacco leaf extract powder, 3-12 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 60-80 parts of tobacco leaf organic fertilizer.

2. A bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of tobacco leaf extract powder, 5 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 70 parts of tobacco leaf organic fertilizer.

3. A bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The tobacco organic fertilizer comprises the following components by mass: 60-80 parts of waste tobacco powder, 10-20 parts of peat soil crushed material, 10-20 parts of tobacco extract liquid extracted with hot water and concentrated at low temperature and vacuum to a solid content of 30-50%, and 5-10 parts of Bacillus licheniformis.

4. A bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, The nicotine content in the bio-organic fertilizer is ≥1%.

5. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Preparation of tobacco leaf extract powder: extracting tobacco leaves with hot water, concentrating, and drying to obtain tobacco leaf extract powder; (2) Preparation of tobacco organic fertilizer: waste tobacco powder, peat soil powder, hot water extraction and low-temperature vacuum concentration of tobacco extract to a solid content of 30-50%, and Bacillus licheniformis are weighed and mixed according to the mass fraction, and then fermented at a humidity of 40-50% and a temperature of 50-70°C for 5-10 days; (3) adding Bacillus licheniformis and tobacco organic fertilizer to the tobacco leaf extract powder in sequence and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain a first mixture for later use; (4) drying the first mixture to a moisture content of 26% to 30% to obtain a premix for later use; (5) The premix is prepared into granules with a particle size of 1-4 mm and dried until the moisture content is less than 30% to obtain the finished product.

6. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The step (1) comprises the following steps: (11) Hot water extraction: The dried tobacco leaves are subjected to hot water extraction to obtain a first extract, wherein the extraction temperature is 70-100°C, the extraction time is 60-90 minutes, and the solid-liquid ratio is 3:7; the dried tobacco leaves are then placed in the first extract and continue to be extracted until the solid content of the extract is 7-10%; (12) Concentration: The extract having a solid content of 7% to 10% is concentrated under low temperature vacuum to a solid content of 30% to 50% to obtain a concentrated solution; Low-temperature vacuum concentration conditions are: first-effect vacuum degree 0.05Mpa, temperature 65°C, second-effect vacuum degree 0.08Mpa, temperature 60°C; (13) spray drying: spray drying the concentrated solution to obtain tobacco leaf extract powder, wherein the nicotine mass concentration of the tobacco leaf extract powder is 1.5% to 2%; The spray drying conditions are: ammonium sulfate as the spray aid, inlet air temperature of 160±5°C, material solid content of 44-60%, feed rate of 16-17 kg / min, water evaporation of 8-8.5 kg / min, raw steam consumption of 27 kg / min, and raw steam pressure of 0.8 MPa.

7. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer containing natural nicotine as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The drying temperature in the steps (4) and (5) is ≤ 60°C.

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