Root irrigation fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste reutilization, and discloses a root irrigation fertilizer, which is prepared from the following raw material components in parts by mass: 55 to 60 parts of crayfish byproducts, 10 to 15 parts of herb residues, 3 to 5 parts of lactose, 1 to 5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 1 to 10 parts of sawdust, 3 to 5 parts of polyacrylamide and 6 to 10 parts of bacillus subtilis fungicide. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the root irrigation fertilizer and application of the root irrigation fertilizer in cucumber cultivation. The root irrigation fertilizer disclosed by the invention integrates nutrition supply, soil improvement, water retention and pest control, can be widely applied to cultivation and root irrigation of vegetables, fruit trees and the like, and can effectively promote the growth of plants, improve the yield and reduce pest and disease damage. Crayfish byproducts are effectively reused, fermentation is more thorough after all the components are degraded into small molecular substances, the utilization rate of nutrient substances is high, and the fertilizer efficiency is fully released.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling, and in particular to a method for recycling crayfish by-products. Background Art

[0002] Crayfish, scientific name Procambarus clarkii ( Procambarus clarkii Crayfish are freshwater shrimp native to North America. They are a nutritious, healthy, and delicious food, high in protein, low in fat, and low in cholesterol. They have become one of my country's most important freshwater aquaculture species, and are deeply loved for their delicious meat. Crayfish by-products refer to the remaining parts of the raw shrimp after processing, including the shrimp head, shrimp tail, and shrimp shell. These by-products account for 70% to 85% of the crayfish's mass. Efficient utilization of these by-products will be of great significance to the healthy development of the crayfish industry.

[0003] Crayfish by-products primarily contain proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, astaxanthin, astaxanthin, and chitin, with protein being the highest, followed by carbohydrates and fats. A common method of utilizing crayfish by-products is to turn them into fertilizers through simple fermentation. However, the molecules that make up crayfish by-products are mostly high-molecular-weight, making them difficult to degrade. This results in incomplete fermentation, low nutrient utilization, and inadequate fertilizer release. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method for efficiently utilizing crayfish by-products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the above background technology and provide a root irrigation fertilizer developed using crayfish by-products, which is mainly used for the cultivation of vegetables, fruit trees, etc.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is: A root irrigation fertilizer, the raw materials of which include the following components by mass: 55-60 parts of crayfish by-products, 10-15 parts of medicinal residues, 3-5 parts of lactose, 1-5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 1-10 parts of sawdust, 3-5 parts of polyacrylamide, Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) 6-10 parts of bacterial agent.

[0006] Crayfish by-products contain protein, fat, sugar, ash and calcium, as well as 15 mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus; the medicinal residues are rich in cellulose, starch, sugar, etc.; hydrogen peroxide treatment pretreatment combined with 60 Co-γ irradiation treatment can degrade the macromolecules of the mixture and kill the pathogenic microorganisms, providing a good environmental condition for subsequent Bacillus subtilis fermentation. It can also fully degrade the macromolecules and provide easily absorbed nutrients for the growth of vegetables and fruit trees.

[0007] The chitin contained in crayfish by-products is converted into chitosan under the action of deacetylase produced by microorganisms. Chitosan has an inhibitory effect on bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is an excellent plant disease control agent that can reduce the use of chemical pesticides and protect the soil and water environment. In addition, chitosan can also enhance the disease resistance and stress resistance of plants, promote soil health and the storage of agricultural products.

[0008] Sawdust and polyacrylamide can enhance the soil's water retention capacity, reduce water usage and labor requirements, and sawdust can loosen the soil; and shrimp shell powder is generally alkaline and can improve the pH value of the soil.

[0009] The above-mentioned root irrigation fertilizer further comprises the crayfish by-products comprising at least one of shrimp heads, shrimp tails and shrimp shells; and the crayfish by-products contain 35-45% protein, 10-15% fat, 8-15% carbohydrates, 27-35% ash and 10-15% chitin in terms of mass percentage.

[0010] Furthermore, the medicinal residue includes one or more of astragalus, codonopsis, angelica, licorice, yam, mint, wormwood, dandelion, houttuynia, chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, rose, wolfberry, hawthorn, tangerine peel, poria, and ganoderma; and the sawdust powder is sawdust from Chinese fir trees.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 3-8%, and the Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) The concentration of Bacillus subtilis cells in the inoculum was 1.0×10 8 ~5.0×10 9 CFU / g. The mass of the lactose is 4% of the total mass of the root fertilizer, and the Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) The inoculation amount of the fungal agent is 8% of the total mass of the root irrigation fertilizer.

[0012] Based on a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the root irrigation fertilizer, comprising the following steps: (1) Mixing the crayfish by-products with the medicinal residue, adding water and hydrogen peroxide, stirring evenly, and allowing to stand to obtain a mixture; (2) irradiating the mixture obtained in step (1); (3) mixing the irradiated mixture from step (2) with lactose and Bacillus subtilis inoculum for fermentation; (4) The fermented product of step (3) is mixed with sawdust and polyacrylic acid amide to obtain the root irrigation fertilizer.

[0013] The above preparation method further comprises the following steps: in step (1), the crayfish by-product and the medicinal residue are dried in the sun and ground into powder before being mixed, and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the amount of water added is 30-50% of the total mass of the mixture, and the reaction is allowed to stand for more than 24 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), 60 Co-γ dose irradiation treatment, the irradiation dose is 3-5kGy.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the fermentation treatment conditions are: temperature 32-42°C, fermentation speed 180-240 rpm, fermentation time 24-48 h, and pH of the fermentation material 6-8.

[0017] Based on a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides an application of the root irrigation fertilizer in cucumber cultivation.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The root irrigation fertilizer of the present invention integrates nutrition, soil improvement, water conservation and pest control, and can be widely used for root irrigation of vegetables, fruit trees, etc., which can effectively promote plant growth, increase yield, and reduce pests and diseases.

[0019] 2. The root irrigation fertilizer of the present invention can effectively reuse the by-products of crayfish, and the components are degraded into small molecular substances and then fermented more thoroughly, so the utilization rate of nutrients is high and the fertilizer effect is fully released.

[0020] 3. The preparation method of the present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, safe and environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 The effects of different carbon sources on the fermentation products of Bacillus subtilis in the examples; Figure 2 The effect of different lactose concentrations on the fermentation products of Bacillus subtilis in the examples; Figure 3 The effects of different bacterial inoculation amounts on the fermentation products in the examples are shown; Figure 4 The effect of initial pH on Bacillus subtilis fermentation in the examples; Figure 5 The effects of different fermentation temperatures on bacterial fermentation in the examples; Figure 6 The effects of different time on bacterial fermentation in the embodiment; Figure 7 The effect of different rotation speeds on bacterial fermentation in the embodiment; In the above figures, A is the amino acid nitrogen content, B is the total nitrogen content, and C is the polypeptide content. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more comprehensive and detailed form below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Reagents, materials and instruments used in this example: Example: A root irrigation fertilizer, the raw materials of which include the following components by mass: 60 parts of crayfish by-products, 10 parts of medicinal residues, 4 parts of lactose, 5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 6 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of polyacrylamide, and Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) 10 parts of bacterial agent.

[0026] Crayfish by-products are the remaining parts of the raw shrimp after processing, including shrimp heads, shrimp tails and shrimp shells. Testing has shown that they contain 35% protein, 10% fat, 8% carbohydrates, 30% ash and 10% chitin, with the rest being other impurities.

[0027] The medicinal residues are Codonopsis pilosula (15%), Licorice root (5%), Chinese yam (25%), mint (5%), Houttuynia cordata (10%), Tangerine peel (15%), Poria cocos (25%), and the sawdust is the sawdust of Chinese fir. Bacillus subtilis ) The concentration of Bacillus subtilis cells in the inoculum was 5.0×10 8 CFU / g.

[0028] The preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Dry the crayfish by-products and medicinal residues in the sun, grind them into powder, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and set aside; Step 2: Weigh crayfish by-products, medicinal residues, lactose, hydrogen peroxide, sawdust, polyacrylamide, and Bacillus subtilis inoculant according to mass and set aside; Step 3: Fully mix the crayfish by-products and the medicinal residue, add water to 40% of the total mass of the mixture, add 5% hydrogen peroxide, stir evenly, and let it stand for 24 hours; Step 4: Use a 5kGy dose 60 Co-γ irradiation treatment.

[0029] Step 5: Place the irradiated crayfish by-product and the drug residue mixture into a fermentation tank, add lactose and Bacillus subtilis according to the set ratio, and ferment at a temperature of 37°C, a fermentation speed of 200 rpm, and a fermentation time of 36 hours; Step 6: adding sawdust and polyacrylic acid amide to the fermented product and stirring evenly to obtain the root irrigation fertilizer.

[0030] To verify its efficacy, the present invention provides the following test: 1. Effects of hydrogen peroxide and irradiation treatment on the content of water-soluble components in a mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues Table 1 Effects of hydrogen peroxide and irradiation on the solubility of the mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues

[0031] From Table 1, we can see that 5% hydrogen peroxide and 5kGy 60 Coγ irradiation treatment of crayfish by-products and drug residue mixtures can increase the content of water-soluble components in the mixtures, which were increased by 14.70% and 25.96% respectively compared with the control, and the combined treatment increased it by 77.88% compared with the control.

[0032] 2. Effects of mixtures of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues on soil pH The mixture of crayfish byproducts and medicinal residues was treated with hydrogen peroxide and irradiated, then fermented with Bacillus subtilis and applied to the soil. The soil pH was measured and the results were as follows: Table 2 Effects of crayfish by-products on soil pH

[0033] As shown in Table 2, the mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues can increase the pH value in the soil. The pH of each treatment was significantly higher than that of the control, and the pH of the hydrogen peroxide and irradiation synergistic treatment was 15.09% higher than that of the control.

[0034] 3. Single factor experiment on mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues fermented with Bacillus subtilis The concentrations of amino acid nitrogen, polypeptides and total nitrogen in the fermentation supernatant were used as evaluation indicators to judge the fermentation conditions. The liquid fermentation conditions of the mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues were utilized in the carbon cell fermentation.

[0035] 1. Optimal carbon source Glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and soluble starch were used as the sole carbon sources, and the mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues was used as the sole nitrogen source in the fermentation medium, with other conditions remaining unchanged. Figure 1It can be seen that when lactose is used as the carbon source, the yield of Bacillus subtilis fermentation products is the highest, so lactose is the optimal carbon source.

[0036] 2. Optimal carbon source concentration Lactose was selected as the sole carbon source based on the optimal carbon source, and the mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues was used as the sole nitrogen source in the fermentation medium. The carbon source concentration was set at 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the total mass of the root fertilizer, while other conditions remained unchanged. Figure 2 It can be seen that when the lactose concentration is 4%, the content of Bacillus subtilis fermentation products is the highest, so the optimal carbon amount is 4%.

[0037] 3. Optimal inoculum size Lactose was used as the sole carbon source, and the mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues was used as the sole nitrogen source in the fermentation medium. The inoculation amount of the bacterial agent was set at 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of the total mass of the root irrigation fertilizer, while other conditions remained unchanged. Figure 3 It can be seen that, considering the comprehensive balance, the amount of fermentation products of Bacillus subtilis at an inoculum concentration of 8% is higher than that at other concentrations. Therefore, the optimal inoculum concentration is 8%.

[0038] 4. Optimal initial pH Lactose was used as the sole carbon source, and the mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues was used as the nitrogen source in the fermentation medium. The initial pH values were 6, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8, and other conditions remained unchanged. Figure 4 It can be seen that the amount of products such as amino acids, total nitrogen, and polypeptides is the highest when the initial pH is 7.0. Therefore, the optimal initial pH is 7.0.

[0039] 5. Optimum temperature Lactose was used as the sole carbon source, and a mixture of lobster by-products and medicinal residues was used as the nitrogen source in the fermentation medium. The fermentation temperatures were 27°C, 32°C, 37°C, 42°C, and 47°C, with other conditions remaining unchanged. Figure 5 It can be seen that the optimum fermentation temperature is 37°C.

[0040] 6. Optimal fermentation time Lactose was used as the sole carbon source, and the mixture of lobster by-products and medicinal residues was used as the nitrogen source in the fermentation medium. The fermentation time was 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, and 60h, and other conditions remained unchanged. Figure 6 It can be seen that the optimal fermentation time of the strain is 36h.

[0041] 7. Optimum speed Lactose was used as the sole carbon source, and a mixture of lobster by-products and medicinal residues was used as the nitrogen source in the fermentation medium. The fermentation speeds were 180, 200, 220, 240, and 260 rpm, with other conditions remaining unchanged. Figure 7 It can be seen that the optimal fermentation speed of the strain is 200 rpm.

[0042] 4. Experiment on the application of root irrigation fertilizer in cucumber cultivation The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences' Vegetable Research Institute. Potted plants were divided into four groups, A, B, C, and D, with 20 pots in each group, randomly arranged. The treatments were as follows: Group A (control group) received no biofertilizer and used water for root irrigation; Group B received a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer (containing 18% N, 10% P2O5, and 12% K2O) for root irrigation; Group C received a plant nutrient (containing 480 mg / 100 mL of essential amino acids, 216 g / L of total nutrients, and 2258 mg / 100 mL of oligopeptides) for root irrigation; and Group D received a root irrigation fertilizer from the present invention. Groups B, C, and D used 90 g of fertilizer per plant, diluted with water to 1000 mL for root irrigation. Group A received 1000 mL of water per pot for root irrigation. Application began on the third day after transplanting the cucumber seedlings. Other fertilizer dosages were consistent with local standards. The cucumber seedlings were observed daily for growth, death, and disease.

[0043] 1. Determination of agronomic traits of cucumber The agronomic traits of cucumber include plant height, leaf width, stem circumference, number of leaves and other indicators, which reflect the growth of cucumber and its ability to utilize and transform nutrients.

[0044] Table 2 Agronomic traits of cucumbers in group A (control)

[0045] Table 3 Agronomic traits of cucumbers in group B

[0046] Table 4 Agronomic traits of cucumbers in group C

[0047] Table 5 Agronomic traits of cucumbers in group D

[0048] As shown in Tables 2-5 above, the experimental groups grew better than the control group, with Group D showing the best growth. Its agronomic indicators, such as plant height and leaf length, were higher than those of the other groups. This suggests that root irrigation fertilizer made from a mixture of crayfish byproducts and medicinal residues can provide nutrients to vegetables and promote their growth.

[0049] 2. Pest and disease situation Pests and diseases are one of the important factors affecting vegetable yield and quality, and can cause great economic losses.

[0050] Experimental method: From the time cucumber seedlings are planted to the end of maturity, the number of cucumber plants infected with pests and diseases is recorded.

[0051] Table 6 Disease and insect pest situation

[0052] As shown in Table 6 above, there are infected strains in Groups A, B, and C, but not in Group D. The main reason is that crayfish by-products contain chitosan, which has antibacterial and antibacterial effects. As its molecular weight decreases, its antibacterial effect becomes more obvious.

[0053] 3. Cucumber yield Table 7 Cucumber yield

[0054] As can be seen from Table 7 above, the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group, and the highest yield was in Group D, which was 29.19% and 32.43% higher than Groups B and C respectively. Therefore, applying root irrigation fertilizer made from a mixture of crayfish by-products and medicinal residues can increase cucumber yield.

Claims

1. A root irrigation fertilizer, characterized in that The raw materials include the following components by mass: 55-60 parts of crayfish by-products, 10-15 parts of medicinal residues, 3-5 parts of lactose, 1-5 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 1-10 parts of sawdust, 3-5 parts of polyacrylamide, Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) 6-10 parts of bacterial agent.

2. The root irrigation fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The crayfish by-product comprises at least one of a shrimp head, a shrimp tail and a shrimp shell; and the crayfish by-product contains 35-45% protein, 10-15% fat, 8-15% carbohydrate, 27-35% ash and 10-15% chitin in terms of mass percentage.

3. The root irrigation fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The medicinal residues include one or more of astragalus, codonopsis, angelica, liquorice, yam, mint, wormwood, dandelion, houttuynia, chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, rose, wolfberry, hawthorn, tangerine peel, poria, and ganoderma; the sawdust is sawdust from Chinese fir.

4. The root irrigation fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein The mass concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 3-8%, the Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) The concentration of Bacillus subtilis cells in the inoculum was 1.0×10 8 ~5.0×10 9 CFU / g.

5. A method for preparing a root irrigation fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Mixing the crayfish by-products with the medicinal residue, adding water and hydrogen peroxide, stirring evenly, and allowing to stand to obtain a mixture; (2) irradiating the mixture obtained in step (1); (3) mixing the irradiated mixture from step (2) with lactose and Bacillus subtilis inoculum for fermentation; (4) The fermented product of step (3) is mixed with sawdust and polyacrylic acid amide to obtain the root irrigation fertilizer.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step (1), the crayfish by-products and the medicinal residues are dried and ground into powder before being mixed, and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step (1), the amount of water added is 30-50% of the total mass of the mixture, and the reaction is allowed to stand for more than 24 hours.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step (2), use 60 Co-γ dose irradiation treatment, the irradiation dose is 3-5kGy.

9. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step (3), the fermentation treatment conditions are: temperature 32-42°C, fermentation speed 180-240 rpm, fermentation time 24-48 h, and pH of the fermentation material 6-8.

10. Use of the root irrigation fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the root irrigation fertilizer obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 9 in cucumber cultivation.

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