Ecological permeable concrete revetment and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological pervious concrete revetment and a construction method thereof. The ecological permeable concrete revetment comprises a plain soil base layer with a layered tamping structure, the plain soil base layer comprises an overwater part and an underwater part, and the part, on the overwater part, of the plain soil base layer has a drainage slope; the water-permeable concrete layer covers the plain soil base layer, and the surface of the water-permeable concrete layer is provided with uniform and fine galling textures; the pervious concrete layer comprises gravel aggregate with the particle size of 5mm-15mm and a cementing material; wherein the cementing material comprises ordinary Portland cement and fly ash in a weight ratio of 17: 3, as well as a water reducing agent and an air entraining agent, and the water-cement ratio of the cementing material is 0.27-0.29; and the protective layer covers the pervious concrete layer. By means of the novel revetment structure and the construction method thereof, the problem that an existing revetment structure cannot give consideration to structural strength and water permeability at the same time is solved, and the novel revetment structure and the construction method thereof can promote water circulation and healthy development of an ecological system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and in particular to an ecological permeable concrete revetment and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional revetments are often constructed of impermeable materials, such as cement concrete. This severely hinders the infiltration of precipitation into the ground and the natural exchange between surface and groundwater, disrupting the Earth's water cycle. Furthermore, these revetments are relatively simple structures, making it difficult to effectively provide a suitable habitat for aquatic plants and animals. This negatively impacts the exchange of materials between land and sea, as well as the balance and stability of the entire ecosystem.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a revetment construction plan that can not only meet the structural strength requirements of the revetment, but also achieve good permeability, thereby maintaining water circulation and promoting the healthy development of the ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The ecological permeable concrete revetment and the construction method thereof provided by the embodiments of the present invention at least solve the problem that the existing revetment structure cannot take into account both structural strength and permeability.

[0005] An ecological permeable concrete revetment, comprising: A plain soil base with a layered compacted structure, the plain soil base comprising an above-water portion and an underwater portion, the plain soil base of the above-water portion having a drainage slope; a permeable concrete layer overlying the plain soil base, wherein the surface of the permeable concrete layer has a uniform and fine roughened texture; the permeable concrete layer comprises gravel aggregate with a particle size of 5 mm to 15 mm and a binder; wherein the binder comprises ordinary Portland cement and fly ash in a weight ratio of 17:3, as well as a water reducer and an air entraining agent, and the water-binder ratio of the binder is 0.27 to 0.29; The protective layer is covered on the permeable concrete layer.

[0006] In some embodiments, no waterproof layer is provided under the plain soil base layer or between the plain soil base layer and the permeable concrete layer.

[0007] In some embodiments, the flatness of the plain soil base layer is within ±5 mm, the density is above 95%, and the drainage slope is between 2% and 3%.

[0008] In some embodiments, the strength grade of the ordinary Portland cement is 42.5; the mass ratio of the water reducer to the binder is between 0.5% and 1.5%, and the mass ratio of the air entraining agent to the binder is between 0.3% and 1.5%.

[0009] A construction method for an ecological permeable concrete revetment, comprising: The steps of treating the base soil are as follows: cleaning the debris, silt and soft soil layer of the original river bank, then backfilling the base soil in layers and compacting it, so that the flatness and density of the base soil, as well as the drainage slope of the above-water part of the base soil meet the design targets; The permeable concrete layer pouring step is as follows: the pre-mixed permeable concrete is spread in layers on the plain soil base, with each layer having a thickness of 15 cm to 20 cm; The permeable concrete layer is compacted by using a rotary compaction method, a Marshall compaction hammer or a vibrator according to the location of the permeable concrete layer. Surface treatment step: roughening the surface of the compacted permeable concrete layer to form a uniform and fine texture on the surface, and then applying a concrete protective agent on the surface of the permeable concrete layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: Permeable concrete curing and curing step: After the permeable concrete is subjected to the surface treatment step, its surface is covered with a breathable curing membrane with a thickness of 0.15 mm, and watering and steam curing are performed for several days.

[0011] In some embodiments, the permeable concrete curing and maintenance step includes: During the first three days, watering is carried out 4 to 6 times a day. The watering time is selected in the morning and evening when the temperature is lower. The water is evenly spread over the entire surface of the permeable concrete layer to keep the surface of the permeable concrete layer moist. From the fourth day onwards, the watering frequency is reduced. The permeable concrete layer is steam-cured at night. The steam temperature is controlled at 40°C to 50°C for 2 to 3 hours. Curing is continued until the 14th day.

[0012] The present invention provides an ecological permeable concrete revetment and a construction method thereof. The ecological permeable concrete revetment comprises: a plain soil base with a layered compacted structure, the plain soil base comprising an above-water portion and an underwater portion, the plain soil base of the above-water portion having a drainage slope; a permeable concrete layer covering the plain soil base, the surface of the permeable concrete layer having a uniform, fine roughened texture; the permeable concrete layer comprising gravel aggregate and a binder with a particle size of 5mm to 15mm; wherein the binder comprises ordinary Portland cement and fly ash in a weight ratio of 17:3, as well as a water-reducing agent and an air-entraining agent, and the water-cement ratio of the binder is 0.27 to 0.29; a protective layer covering the permeable concrete layer. Through the present invention, the problem that existing revetment structures cannot balance structural strength and permeability is solved, and a new revetment structure and construction method thereof are provided that can promote the healthy development of water circulation and ecosystems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0014] Figure 1 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the ecological permeable revetment of this embodiment.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the construction method of the ecological permeable concrete revetment of this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1 : is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the ecological permeable concrete revetment of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the ecological permeable concrete revetment includes: A soil base layer 1 having a layered compacted structure, the soil base layer 1 comprising an above-water portion 11 and an underwater portion 12, wherein the soil base layer of the above-water portion 11 has a drainage slope; A permeable concrete layer 2 is overlaid on the plain soil base 1, and the surface of the permeable concrete layer 2 has a uniform and fine roughened texture. The permeable concrete layer includes gravel aggregate with a particle size of 5 mm to 15 mm and a binder. The binder includes ordinary Portland cement and fly ash in a weight ratio of 17:3, as well as a water-reducing agent and an air-entraining agent. The water-binder ratio of the binder is 0.27 to 0.29. The protective layer 3 is covered on the permeable concrete layer 2.

[0018] In some embodiments, no waterproof layer is provided under the plain soil base layer 1 or between the plain soil base layer 1 and the permeable concrete layer 2 .

[0019] In some embodiments, the flatness of the plain soil base layer 1 is within ±5 mm, the density is above 95%, and the drainage slope is between 2% and 3%.

[0020] In some embodiments, the strength grade of ordinary Portland cement is 42.5; the mass ratio of the water reducer to the binder is between 0.5% and 1.5%, and the mass ratio of the air entraining agent to the binder is between 0.3% and 1.5%.

[0021] This embodiment also provides a construction method for an ecological permeable concrete revetment. Figure 2 Flowchart of the construction method of the ecological permeable concrete revetment of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S21, soil base treatment step: clean up the debris, silt and soft soil layer of the original river bank, then backfill the soil in layers and tamp it to make the flatness and density of the soil base, as well as the drainage slope of the water part of the soil base reach the design target.

[0022] The treatment of the raw soil base emphasizes the precise control of the flatness, density and drainage slope of the original ground, providing a solid and stable base foundation for the laying of permeable concrete and ensuring the long-term stability of the entire revetment structure.

[0023] When treating the bare soil base, the original river bank soil is first cleaned to remove debris, silt and soft soil layers, and then the foundation is treated by layered backfilling and rolling compaction. The flatness of the base is controlled within ±5mm, and the density reaches more than 95%. A drainage slope of 2%-3% is set for the above-water part to ensure that rainwater can be smoothly discharged into the river or infiltrate into the ground.

[0024] Step S22, permeable concrete layer pouring step: the pre-mixed permeable concrete is spread in layers on the plain soil base, with each layer having a thickness of 15 cm to 20 cm.

[0025] The ecological permeable concrete revetment of this embodiment is mainly used for wetland revetment. According to the hydrogeological conditions of the wetland, natural gravel with a particle size of 5mm to 15mm is selected as the aggregate to ensure good permeability and sufficient porosity.

[0026] The binder uses ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5, and is mixed with 15% fly ash as an admixture. At the same time, appropriate amounts of water reducer and air entraining agent are added. The mass ratio of the water reducer to the binder is approximately 0.5% to 1.5%, and the mass ratio of the air entraining agent to the binder is approximately 0.3% to 1.5%. The water-binder ratio of the binder in this embodiment is 0.28. After testing, it can be ensured that the permeability coefficient of the permeable concrete is greater than 1.0×10⁻² cm / s while meeting the design strength (28-day compressive strength is not less than 20MPa), laying the foundation for the subsequent ecological function.

[0027] In some embodiments, water reducers include, but are not limited to, lignin sulfonate water reducers, naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducers, aliphatic high-efficiency water reducers, and polycarboxylate-based high-efficiency water reducers. Among these, lignin sulfonate water reducers include calcium lignin sulfonate (lignocal), sodium lignin sulfonate (lignosodium), and magnesium lignin sulfonate (lignomagnesium). These are made from sulfite wastewater from paper pulp or fiber pulp production and are processed through lime milk neutralization, bio-fermentation to remove sugars, evaporation concentration, and spray drying to produce a brown-yellow powder. Naphthalene-based high-efficiency water reducers are primarily composed of naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polymers, which are formed by sulfonation and condensation of naphthalene or its homologues with formaldehyde. Aliphatic high-efficiency water reducers are chemically known as aliphatic hydroxysulfonate polymers. The main raw materials for their production are acetone, formaldehyde, Na₂SO₃, Na₂S₂O₅, and catalysts. Polycarboxylate-based high-efficiency water reducers are primarily composed of succinic acid-acrylic acid-allyl polyethylene glycol copolymers.

[0028] In some embodiments, air-entraining agents include, but are not limited to, rosin resin-based air-entraining agents, alkyl and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid-based air-entraining agents, fatty alcohol sulfonate-based air-entraining agents, saponin-based air-entraining agents, protein salt-based air-entraining agents, and petroleum sulfonic acid-based air-entraining agents. Rosin resins are rosin polymers, such as rosin thermopolymers, that exhibit certain air-entraining properties. Alkyl and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acids are surfactants that can introduce air bubbles into concrete, improving its workability and durability. Fatty alcohol sulfonate-based anionic surfactants have excellent air-entraining properties and can improve concrete's frost resistance and impermeability. Saponins, such as triterpenoid saponins, are natural surfactants that are readily soluble in water and have strong chemical stability to acids, alkalis, and hard water. They can introduce a large number of tiny bubbles, improving concrete performance. Protein salts can be used as a component of air-entraining agents, generating tiny bubbles through their surface activity, thereby improving concrete's durability. Petroleum sulfonic acid is a chemically synthesized surfactant that can introduce air into concrete, forming tiny bubbles and improving the concrete's freeze-thaw resistance.

[0029] When pouring permeable concrete, a concrete mixer truck is used to transport the evenly mixed permeable concrete to the construction site, and a special permeable concrete paver is used to spread the concrete in layers. The thickness of each layer is controlled at 15mm~20cm. The spreading speed and uniformity are controlled during the spreading process to avoid segregation.

[0030] Step S23, permeable concrete layer compaction step: according to the different locations of the permeable concrete layer, rotary compaction method, Marshall compaction hammer or vibrator are used for compaction.

[0031] In the main structure of the revetment, for large-area flat-plate revetment areas, a rotary compactor is used for compaction and molding. The compaction speed is set to 25 revolutions per minute, the pressure is 60 kPa, and the rotation angle is 1.25 degrees. The test results of the permeable concrete specimens after compaction show that the permeability is increased by 35%, the number of freeze-thaw cycles reaches more than 200 times, and the compressive strength is increased by 40% compared with the uncompacted concrete, effectively meeting the project's requirements for the revetment structure performance.

[0032] For small decorative components and local special-shaped areas on the revetment, such as curved retaining walls and the edges of viewing platforms, the Marshall compaction method is used for molding. The specimen size is determined to be 10 cm in diameter and 6.35 cm in height. The number of compactions is 75 times, and the compaction force is 45.4 kg. The molded components meet the design standards in terms of appearance quality, dimensional accuracy and physical properties.

[0033] In the complex structural parts where the revetment and the hydrophilic platform are connected, the vibration forming method is used for construction, and the vibration frequency is controlled at 40Hz and the amplitude is 1.5mm. The vibration time is flexibly adjusted within the range of 10-20 seconds according to the slump of the concrete and the formwork conditions. This ensures the molding quality of the permeable concrete in this area, avoids quality problems such as honeycombed surfaces and holes, and ensures the integrity and continuity of the entire revetment structure.

[0034] Step S24, surface treatment step: roughening the surface of the compacted permeable concrete layer to form a uniform and fine texture on the surface, and then applying a concrete protective agent on the surface of the permeable concrete layer.

[0035] During the surface treatment process, after roughening, the surface of the permeable concrete layer can also be washed with a high-pressure water gun to remove surface slurry and debris. During the washing process, the water gun pressure should be controlled to be no more than 4Mpa, and the washing angle should not be too large. According to design requirements, appropriate water gun pressure and washing angle can be used to expose the aggregate on the surface of the permeable concrete layer, forming an exposed aggregate permeable concrete surface layer.

[0036] Applying concrete protective agent on the surface of the permeable concrete layer can enhance the surface's resistance to weathering and wear while maintaining good permeability.

[0037] Step S25, permeable concrete curing and curing step: After the permeable concrete undergoes the surface treatment step, its surface is covered with a breathable curing film with a thickness of 0.15 mm, and watering and steam curing are performed for several days.

[0038] After the concrete is poured, it is immediately covered with a customized curing film. The curing film is 0.15mm thick and has good air permeability and moisture retention, ensuring that the concrete surface is not exposed to wind and sun in the initial curing period, causing water to evaporate too quickly.

[0039] In some embodiments, in addition to the curing film, watering is performed 4 to 6 times daily for the first three days. Watering is performed in the morning and evening when temperatures are lower, evenly covering the entire concrete surface and keeping it moist. Starting on the fourth day, the number of waterings is appropriately reduced based on the concrete's actual strength growth and weather conditions. Steam curing is performed at night using steam curing equipment, with the steam temperature controlled at 40°C to 50°C for 2 to 3 hours, effectively promoting the early strength development of the concrete. After 14 days of standard curing, the performance indicators of the permeable concrete meet the design requirements. The curing film is then removed, and subsequent landscaping and ecological restoration work is carried out, such as planting aquatic plants and releasing aquatic animals. Long-term on-site monitoring data shows that this ecological permeable concrete revetment has played a significant role in improving the regional ecological environment, maintaining water circulation, and ensuring the stability of the revetment structure, achieving its intended purpose.

[0040] During the mix design process for permeable concrete, the mix proportions used in this embodiment ensure that the material possesses both high permeability and reliable structural strength. Through extensive experiments and data analysis, the optimal aggregate type and binder dosage were determined. In terms of aggregate selection, natural gravel aggregate with good gradation was selected for wetlands, ensuring uniform and moderate pore size between the aggregates. This not only creates efficient permeable channels but also provides ample space for plant root growth and microbial habitats. Regarding binder materials, in addition to conventional cement, admixtures (such as fly ash) and additives (such as water reducers and air-entraining agents) were introduced. The use of admixtures not only improves the workability of concrete, reduces the water-cement ratio, and increases its durability, but also effectively controls costs. Admixtures further optimize the concrete's workability, water exudation, and early strength development, ensuring that the concrete can be better formed during construction and meets design requirements.

[0041] In terms of construction technology, this embodiment adopts a layered pouring and thin-layer paving construction method when pouring permeable concrete, combined with efficient conveying equipment and professional construction tools to ensure that the concrete can be laid evenly and continuously on the base layer, avoiding segregation and voids. During the compaction process, corresponding compaction process parameters are formulated according to different mold methods and the consistency of permeable concrete, and the number of compaction passes and compaction degree are strictly controlled to ensure that the concrete meets the expected density and porosity requirements. The surface treatment process adopts a surface modification process. While ensuring that the permeability of the permeable concrete is not affected, the flatness, aesthetics and erosion resistance of the revetment surface are improved, thereby enhancing the overall visual effect and service life of the revetment. Given the low water-to-cement ratio of permeable concrete, this embodiment abandons the traditional curing agent curing method and fully adopts the film curing method. After the construction is completed, the permeable concrete is immediately covered with a curing film with high air permeability and moisture retention to ensure that the concrete surface always maintains a suitable humidity and temperature environment during the curing period. On the basis of film curing, combined with regular watering curing and steam curing (in low temperature environment or when there are special strength requirements), the implementation time and intensity of different curing methods are reasonably adjusted according to the age of concrete and environmental conditions, which effectively improves the early strength and long-term durability of permeable concrete, ensuring that the revetment can withstand the influence of various natural factors and human activities during use.

[0042] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art would be able to make various modifications and improvements without departing from the scope of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ecological permeable concrete revetment, characterized in that include: A plain soil base with a layered compacted structure, the plain soil base comprising an above-water portion and an underwater portion, the plain soil base of the above-water portion having a drainage slope; a permeable concrete layer overlying the plain soil base, wherein the surface of the permeable concrete layer has a uniform and fine roughened texture; the permeable concrete layer comprises gravel aggregate with a particle size of 5 mm to 15 mm and a binder; wherein the binder comprises ordinary Portland cement and fly ash in a weight ratio of 17:3, as well as a water reducer and an air entraining agent, and the water-binder ratio of the binder is 0.27 to 0.29; The protective layer is covered on the permeable concrete layer.

2. The revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: No waterproof layer is provided under the plain soil base layer or between the plain soil base layer and the permeable concrete layer.

3. The revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flatness of the plain soil base is within ±5mm, the density reaches more than 95%, and the drainage slope is between 2% and 3%.

4. The revetment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strength grade of the ordinary Portland cement is 42.5; the mass ratio of the water reducer to the binder is between 0.5% and 1.5%, and the mass ratio of the air entraining agent to the binder is between 0.3% and 1.5%.

5. The construction method of the ecological permeable concrete revetment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that include: The steps of treating the base soil are as follows: cleaning the debris, silt and soft soil layer of the original river bank, then backfilling the base soil in layers and compacting it, so that the flatness and density of the base soil, as well as the drainage slope of the above-water part of the base soil meet the design targets; The permeable concrete layer pouring step is as follows: the pre-mixed permeable concrete is spread in layers on the plain soil base, with each layer having a thickness of 15 cm to 20 cm; The permeable concrete layer is compacted by using a rotary compaction method, a Marshall compaction hammer or a vibrator according to the location of the permeable concrete layer. Surface treatment step: roughening the surface of the compacted permeable concrete layer to form a uniform and fine texture on the surface, and then applying a concrete protective agent on the surface of the permeable concrete layer.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method further comprises: Permeable concrete curing and curing step: After the permeable concrete is subjected to the surface treatment step, its surface is covered with a breathable curing membrane with a thickness of 0.15 mm, and watering and steam curing are performed for several days.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The permeable concrete curing and maintenance steps include: During the first three days, watering is carried out 4 to 6 times a day. The watering time is selected in the morning and evening when the temperature is lower. The water is evenly spread over the entire surface of the permeable concrete layer to keep the surface of the permeable concrete layer moist. From the fourth day onwards, the watering frequency is reduced. The permeable concrete layer is steam-cured at night. The steam temperature is controlled at 40°C to 50°C for 2 to 3 hours. Curing is continued until the 14th day.

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