Caisson prefabrication method

Abstract

The caisson prefabricating method comprises the steps that a first layer of concrete is poured, and a first pouring layer is obtained; vibrating compaction is conducted on the first pouring layer, vibrating compaction parameters are adjusted according to the ultrasonic wave velocity in the first pouring layer on the basis of a first adjusting strategy, and the first adjusting strategy comprises the steps that when the wave velocity is lower than a first wave velocity threshold value, the vibrating duration is adjusted to be 1.2-1.5 times of the preset vibrating duration, and the vibrating compaction parameters are adjusted to be smaller than the preset vibrating duration; when the wave velocity is higher than a first wave velocity threshold value, the vibration frequency is adjusted to be increased by 10-20 times per minute above the preset vibration frequency, when the wave velocity is higher than a second wave velocity threshold value, the vibration duration is adjusted to be 70%-80% of the preset vibration duration, and the vibration frequency is adjusted to be reduced by 10-15 times per minute above the preset vibration frequency; next concrete pouring is conducted on the first pouring layer; and based on the first adjustment strategy, the vibration compaction parameter is adjusted according to the ultrasonic wave velocity in the next pouring layer. The caisson construction quality can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of port construction, and in particular to a caisson prefabrication method. Background Art

[0002] Caisson prefabrication is primarily achieved through layered pouring. During the caisson prefabrication process, the degree of concrete compaction plays a decisive role in determining the caisson's strength, durability, and other properties. In traditional caisson prefabrication methods, the vibration control of each layer of concrete relies primarily on the experience of construction workers, an approach subject to significant subjectivity and uncertainty. The inability to accurately and accurately understand the compaction state of the concrete in real time often results in insufficient or excessive vibration. Insufficient vibration can create voids and a lack of compactness within the concrete, reducing the caisson's load-bearing capacity and impermeability. Excessive vibration can cause concrete segregation and aggregate sinking, also impacting the caisson's quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and / or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide a caisson prefabrication method. During the layered pouring process, an ultrasonic detector is used to obtain the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the concrete in real time for each pouring layer, and the vibration and compaction parameters of the pouring layer are adjusted according to the wave velocity, thereby effectively improving the pouring quality of each pouring layer, and then improving the vibration quality of the concrete during the caisson prefabrication process, ensuring that the overall performance of the caisson meets the standards.

[0005] In order to achieve these objects and other advantages according to the present invention, a caisson prefabrication method is provided, comprising:

[0006] Step 1: pouring the first layer of concrete to obtain the first pouring layer;

[0007] Step 2: vibrate and compact the first pouring layer, and at the same time obtain the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer through an ultrasonic detector, and adjust the vibration and compaction parameters according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer based on a first adjustment strategy, the first adjustment strategy including: when the wave velocity is lower than a first wave velocity threshold, adjusting the vibration time to 1.2 to 1.5 times of a preset vibration time, and adjusting the vibration frequency to increase by 10 to 20 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency; when the wave velocity is higher than a second wave velocity threshold, adjusting the vibration time to 70% to 80% of the preset vibration time, and adjusting the vibration frequency to reduce by 10 to 15 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency; when the wave velocity is between the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold, the vibration frequency is kept consistent with the preset vibration frequency, and the vibration time is kept consistent with the preset vibration time;

[0008] Step 3: pouring the next concrete on the first pouring layer to obtain the next pouring layer;

[0009] Step 4: vibrate and compact the next pouring layer, and simultaneously obtain the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the next pouring layer through an ultrasonic detector, and adjust the vibration and compaction parameters according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the next pouring layer based on the first adjustment strategy;

[0010] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the pouring layers are completed.

[0011] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, in the step one, concrete pouring is carried out according to a preset pouring thickness to obtain a first pouring layer; in the step two, based on a second adjustment strategy, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer, and the second adjustment strategy includes: when the wave velocity is lower than the first wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 80% to 90% of the preset pouring thickness; when the wave velocity is higher than the second wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 1.1 to 1.2 times of the preset pouring thickness; when the wave velocity is between the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is consistent with the preset pouring thickness; in the step three, according to the pouring thickness re-determined in the step two, the next concrete pouring is carried out on the first pouring layer to obtain the next pouring layer.

[0012] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, the first wave speed threshold is 3000 m / s; and the second wave speed threshold is 4500 m / s.

[0013] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, in the step 2, the ultrasonic amplitude inside the first casting layer is also obtained by an ultrasonic detector, and the first adjustment strategy also includes: when the amplitude meets the normal judgment conditions, the vibration frequency is consistent with the preset vibration frequency, and the vibration time is consistent with the preset vibration time; when the amplitude meets the abnormal judgment conditions, the vibration time is adjusted to 1.2 to 1.6 times the preset vibration time, and the vibration frequency is adjusted to increase by 20 to 30 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency.

[0014] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, the second adjustment strategy also includes: when the amplitude meets the normal judgment conditions, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is consistent with the preset pouring thickness; when the amplitude meets the abnormal judgment conditions, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 85% to 95% of the preset pouring thickness.

[0015] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, the normal determination condition is: the amplitude fluctuates within the range of ±20%-±30% of the average amplitude; and the abnormal determination condition is: the amplitude is lower than 30% of the average amplitude.

[0016] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, in step four, if the casting thickness of the next casting layer is less than or equal to 1 meter, then every two spatial diagonals in the eight top corners of the next casting layer are set as a group, and a transmitting end and a receiving end of an ultrasonic detector are respectively set on each group of spatial diagonals to form a diagonally crossed detection path.

[0017] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, in step four, if the casting thickness of the next casting layer is greater than 1 meter, the next casting layer is divided into multiple monitoring layers in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of each monitoring layer is less than or equal to 1 meter. Every two spatial diagonals of the eight top corners of each monitoring layer are set as a group, and a transmitting end and a receiving end of an ultrasonic detector are respectively set on each group of spatial diagonals to form a diagonally crossed detection path.

[0018] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, in step 2, the wave velocities collected by all ultrasonic detectors are obtained, the average value of all wave velocities is calculated, and when the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy are executed, the average value of all wave velocities is compared with the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold.

[0019] Preferably, in the caisson prefabrication method, in step 2, the amplitudes collected by all ultrasonic detectors are obtained, the average value of all amplitudes is calculated, and when the first adjustment strategy is executed, the average value of all amplitudes is compared with the normal judgment condition and the abnormal judgment condition.

[0020] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention provides a caisson prefabrication method, comprising: step 1, pouring a first layer of concrete to obtain a first pouring layer; step 2, vibrating and compacting the first pouring layer, and simultaneously obtaining the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer through an ultrasonic detector, and adjusting the vibration and compaction parameters according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer based on a first adjustment strategy, the first adjustment strategy comprising: when the wave velocity is lower than a first wave velocity threshold, adjusting the vibration time to 1.2 to 1.5 times of a preset vibration time, and adjusting the vibration frequency to increase by 10 to 20 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency; when the wave velocity is higher than a second wave velocity threshold, adjusting the vibration time to 70% to 80% of the preset vibration time. %, adjusting the vibration frequency to reduce 10 to 15 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency, when the wave velocity is between the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold, the vibration frequency is consistent with the preset vibration frequency, and the vibration time is consistent with the preset vibration time; step three, pouring the next concrete on the first pouring layer to obtain the next pouring layer; step four, vibrating and compacting the next pouring layer, and at the same time obtaining the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the next pouring layer through an ultrasonic detector, based on the first adjustment strategy, adjusting the vibration and compaction parameters according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the next pouring layer; step five, repeating steps three and four until the construction of all pouring layers is completed. In the process of layered pouring, the present invention uses an ultrasonic detector to obtain the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the concrete in real time for each pouring layer, and adjusts the vibration and compaction parameters of the pouring layer according to the wave velocity, thereby effectively improving the pouring quality of each pouring layer, and then improving the vibration quality of the concrete during the caisson prefabrication process, ensuring that the overall performance of the caisson meets the standards.

[0022] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the caisson prefabrication method provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a caisson prefabrication method, comprising:

[0026] Step 1: pouring the first layer of concrete to obtain the first pouring layer;

[0027] Step 2: vibrate and compact the first pouring layer, and at the same time obtain the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer through an ultrasonic detector, and adjust the vibration and compaction parameters according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer based on a first adjustment strategy, the first adjustment strategy including: when the wave velocity is lower than a first wave velocity threshold, adjusting the vibration time to 1.2 to 1.5 times of a preset vibration time, and adjusting the vibration frequency to increase by 10 to 20 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency; when the wave velocity is higher than a second wave velocity threshold, adjusting the vibration time to 70% to 80% of the preset vibration time, and adjusting the vibration frequency to reduce by 10 to 15 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency; when the wave velocity is between the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold, the vibration frequency is kept consistent with the preset vibration frequency, and the vibration time is kept consistent with the preset vibration time;

[0028] Step 3: pouring the next concrete on the first pouring layer to obtain the next pouring layer;

[0029] Step 4: vibrate and compact the next pouring layer, and simultaneously obtain the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the next pouring layer through an ultrasonic detector, and adjust the vibration and compaction parameters according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the next pouring layer based on the first adjustment strategy;

[0030] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the pouring layers are completed.

[0031] The process of the present invention is as follows: the first layer of concrete is poured to construct the first pouring layer. While vibrating and compacting the first pouring layer, the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the pouring layer is collected in real time with the help of an ultrasonic detector. The first adjustment strategy is: when the wave velocity is lower than the first wave velocity threshold, the vibration time is extended to 1.2 to 1.5 times the preset vibration time, and the preset vibration frequency is increased by 10 to 20 times / minute; when the wave velocity is higher than the second wave velocity threshold, the vibration time is shortened to 70% to 80% of the preset vibration time, and the preset vibration frequency is reduced by 10 to 15 times / minute; when the wave velocity is between the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold, the vibration frequency and vibration time are maintained consistent with the preset values. Subsequent concrete pouring is carried out above the first pouring layer to form a new pouring layer. When vibrating the new pouring layer, the wave velocity is also obtained using an ultrasonic detector, and the vibration compaction parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the first adjustment strategy. The above steps are repeated until the construction of all pouring layers is completed.

[0032] If the ultrasonic sensor detects a low wave velocity within the concrete, it means the concrete may be loose and uncompacted, most likely due to insufficient vibration. In this case, the vibration time should be extended, and the vibrating rod should be used more frequently in that area to further tighten the concrete particles, expel air and excess moisture, improve density, and restore the wave velocity to normal.

[0033] When the wave velocity is too high, it indicates that the concrete may be over-vibrated, with aggregate sinking and slurry floating and segregation. The vibration time should be shortened, and the working time of the vibrator in the area should be reduced to prevent over-vibration.

[0034] The present invention obtains ultrasonic wave velocity in real time and adjusts vibration parameters according to preset strategies, thereby being able to accurately control the vibration density of concrete, effectively avoiding insufficient or excessive vibration, significantly improving the density and uniformity of concrete, and thereby enhancing the strength and durability of the caisson.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, in the step one, concrete pouring is performed according to a preset pouring thickness to obtain a first pouring layer; in the step two, based on a second adjustment strategy, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer, and the second adjustment strategy includes: when the wave velocity is lower than the first wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 80% to 90% of the preset pouring thickness; when the wave velocity is higher than the second wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 1.1 to 1.2 times of the preset pouring thickness; when the wave velocity is between the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is consistent with the preset pouring thickness; in the step three, according to the pouring thickness re-determined in the step two, the next concrete pouring is performed on the first pouring layer to obtain the next pouring layer.

[0036] If the ultrasonic sensor detects a low wave velocity within the concrete, it indicates that the concrete may be loose and uncompacted. In this case, the layer thickness can be appropriately reduced to allow each layer to be more fully impacted by the vibrating rod during vibration, ensuring uniform compaction throughout. For example, if the original layer thickness is 50 cm, it can be adjusted to 40 cm.

[0037] When the wave velocity is too high, it indicates that the concrete aggregate is sinking and the slurry is floating and segregating. It is necessary to appropriately increase the layered pouring thickness to make the concrete vibrate more rationally. For example, the original layer thickness can be adjusted from 40 cm to 50 cm.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, the first wave speed threshold is 3000 m / s; the second wave speed threshold is 4500 m / s.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, in the step 2, the ultrasonic amplitude inside the first casting layer is also obtained by an ultrasonic detector, and the first adjustment strategy also includes: when the amplitude meets the normal judgment conditions, the vibration frequency is consistent with the preset vibration frequency, and the vibration time is consistent with the preset vibration time; when the amplitude meets the abnormal judgment conditions, the vibration time is adjusted to 1.2 to 1.6 times the preset vibration time, and the vibration frequency is adjusted to increase by 20 to 30 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency.

[0040] When the amplitude attenuation is significant, such as when the ultrasonic sensor feedback shows significant amplitude attenuation, it indicates that there are many defects such as cavities, bubbles, or cracks within the concrete, and the vibration effect is poor. In this case, the vibration frequency of the vibrator should be increased, and the concrete should be vibrated more intensively to promote the expulsion of bubbles, heal cracks, enhance concrete density, and increase the amplitude.

[0041] When the amplitude is stable and normal, if the amplitude is stable within the normal range, it means that the current layered pouring and vibration parameters are relatively appropriate, and construction can continue with the existing parameters.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, the second adjustment strategy also includes: when the amplitude meets the normal judgment conditions, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is consistent with the preset pouring thickness; when the amplitude meets the abnormal judgment conditions, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 85% to 95% of the preset pouring thickness.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, the normal judgment condition is: the amplitude fluctuates within the range of ±20%-±30% of the average amplitude; the abnormal judgment condition is: the amplitude is lower than 30% of the average amplitude.

[0044] If the amplitude is significantly lower than the normal range, for example, more than 30% lower than the average value, and the influence of factors such as testing equipment and operation is eliminated, the amplitude can be considered abnormal and may indicate defects within the concrete, such as voids, looseness, cracks, etc. If the amplitude fluctuates erratically and differs significantly from the amplitude of normal measuring points, it should also be considered abnormal.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, in step four, if the casting thickness of the next casting layer is less than or equal to 1 meter, then every two spatial diagonals in the eight top corners of the next casting layer are set as a group, and a transmitting end and a receiving end of an ultrasonic detector are respectively set on each group of spatial diagonals to form a diagonally crossed detection path.

[0046] Using a "diagonal cross-layout method," an ultrasonic detector transducer is placed at each of the eight corners (two in a group, serving as the transmitting and receiving transducers, respectively), forming a diagonal cross-layout detection path. This fully covers most of the interior of the cast layer and can detect the density of the concrete from different directions.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, in step four, if the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is greater than 1 meter, the next pouring layer is divided into multiple monitoring layers longitudinally, and the thickness of each monitoring layer is less than or equal to 1 meter. Every two spatial diagonals of the eight top corners of each monitoring layer are set as a group, and a transmitting end and a receiving end of an ultrasonic detector are respectively set on each group of spatial diagonals to form a diagonally crossed detection path.

[0048] The next pouring layer is divided into multiple monitoring layers along the longitudinal direction. The thickness of each monitoring layer is less than or equal to 1 meter. Every two spatial diagonals of the eight top corners of each monitoring layer are set as a group. An ultrasonic detector's transmitting end and receiving end are set on each group of spatial diagonals to form a diagonally crossed detection path. This method can realize the full picture detection of the three-dimensional space of the pouring layer, provide more detailed and comprehensive internal information of the concrete, have high detection accuracy, and can effectively discover quality problems at various positions inside the caisson.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, in step 2, the wave velocities collected by all ultrasonic detectors are obtained, and the average value of all wave velocities is calculated. When the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy are executed, the average value of all wave velocities is compared with the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, in the caisson prefabrication method, in step 2, the amplitudes collected by all ultrasonic detectors are obtained, and the average value of all amplitudes is calculated. When the first adjustment strategy is executed, the average value of all amplitudes is compared with the normal judgment condition and the abnormal judgment condition.

[0051] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and exemplary embodiments. They can be applied to a variety of fields suitable for the present invention. Further modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A caisson prefabrication method, characterized in that: include: Step 1: pouring the first layer of concrete to obtain the first pouring layer; Step 2: vibrate and compact the first pouring layer, and at the same time obtain the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer through an ultrasonic detector, and adjust the vibration and compaction parameters according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer based on a first adjustment strategy, the first adjustment strategy including: when the wave velocity is lower than a first wave velocity threshold, adjusting the vibration time to 1.2 to 1.5 times of a preset vibration time, and adjusting the vibration frequency to increase by 10 to 20 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency; when the wave velocity is higher than a second wave velocity threshold, adjusting the vibration time to 70% to 80% of the preset vibration time, and adjusting the vibration frequency to reduce by 10 to 15 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency; when the wave velocity is between the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold, the vibration frequency is kept consistent with the preset vibration frequency, and the vibration time is kept consistent with the preset vibration time; Step 3: pouring the next concrete on the first pouring layer to obtain the next pouring layer; Step 4: vibrate and compact the next pouring layer, and simultaneously obtain the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the next pouring layer through an ultrasonic detector, and adjust the vibration and compaction parameters according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the next pouring layer based on the first adjustment strategy; Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the pouring layers are completed.

2. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step one, concrete is poured according to the preset pouring thickness to obtain a first pouring layer; in the step two, based on the second adjustment strategy, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted according to the ultrasonic wave velocity inside the first pouring layer, and the second adjustment strategy includes: when the wave velocity is lower than the first wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 80% to 90% of the preset pouring thickness; when the wave velocity is higher than the second wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 1.1 to 1.2 times of the preset pouring thickness; when the wave velocity is between the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is consistent with the preset pouring thickness; in the step three, according to the pouring thickness re-determined in the step two, the next concrete is poured on the first pouring layer to obtain the next pouring layer.

3. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first wave speed threshold is 3000 m / s; the second wave speed threshold is 4500 m / s.

4. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the ultrasonic amplitude inside the first pouring layer is also obtained by an ultrasonic detector, and the first adjustment strategy also includes: when the amplitude meets the normal judgment conditions, the vibration frequency is kept consistent with the preset vibration frequency, and the vibration time is kept consistent with the preset vibration time; when the amplitude meets the abnormal judgment conditions, the vibration time is adjusted to 1.2 to 1.6 times the preset vibration time, and the vibration frequency is adjusted to increase by 20 to 30 times / minute above the preset vibration frequency.

5. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second adjustment strategy also includes: when the amplitude meets the normal judgment conditions, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is consistent with the preset pouring thickness; when the amplitude meets the abnormal judgment conditions, the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is adjusted to 85% to 95% of the preset pouring thickness.

6. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The normal determination condition is that the amplitude fluctuates within the range of ±20%-±30% of the average amplitude; the abnormal determination condition is that the amplitude is lower than 30% of the average amplitude.

7. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step four, if the casting thickness of the next casting layer is less than or equal to 1 meter, then every two spatial diagonals in the eight top corners of the next casting layer are set as a group, and a transmitting end and a receiving end of an ultrasonic detector are respectively set on each group of spatial diagonals to form a diagonally crossed detection path.

8. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step four, if the pouring thickness of the next pouring layer is greater than 1 meter, the next pouring layer is divided into multiple monitoring layers along the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of each monitoring layer is less than or equal to 1 meter. Every two spatial diagonals of the eight top corners of each monitoring layer are set as a group, and a transmitting end and a receiving end of an ultrasonic detector are respectively set on each group of spatial diagonals to form a diagonally crossed detection path.

9. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step 2, the wave velocities collected by all ultrasonic detectors are obtained, and the average value of all wave velocities is calculated. When the first adjustment strategy and the second adjustment strategy are executed, the average value of all wave velocities is compared with the first wave velocity threshold and the second wave velocity threshold.

10. The caisson prefabrication method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2, the amplitudes collected by all ultrasonic detectors are obtained, and the average value of all the amplitudes is calculated. When the first adjustment strategy is executed, the average value of all the amplitudes is compared with the normal judgment condition and the abnormal judgment condition.

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