A continuous resistance increasing type anchor rod for tunnel and mine support and an implementation method thereof

Abstract

A continuous resistance type anchor rod for tunnel and mine support and an implementation method thereof, the continuous resistance type anchor rod comprising a rod body, a buckling energy absorption structure, a front end loading module, a monitoring module and a pressing and rotating mechanism. The rod body is composed of a metal rod, a metal spring and a nut, the buckling energy absorption structure comprises upper and lower pressure equalizing discs, a plurality of supporting units and a connecting block, the front end loading module is composed of a shell, a wire hole and a limiting rod, the monitoring module comprises a protective shell, a supporting rod, a wire, a strain gauge, a strain receiving chip and a wireless receiver, and the pressing and rotating mechanism is made of metal material and comprises a pressure bearing block, a buffer spring, a metal shell, a guide rail device and a pin column. The application overcomes the problems of traditional anchor rod monitoring, such as lack of monitoring and poor impact resistance, and is especially suitable for complex geological conditions and promotes the upgrading of anchor rod support to intelligent and high performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering anchoring structure technology, and in particular to a continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt and its implementation method for tunnel and mine support. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, anchor bolt support technology has become a core support method in the field of civil engineering due to its simple structure, high construction efficiency, strong economy, and wide geological adaptability. It is widely used in slope protection and mountain reinforcement, jointed and fractured rock mass reinforcement, active support of tunnel surrounding rock, and dynamic support of mine roadways. However, with social progress, the development of deep resources and major projects are gradually advancing, and construction under complex geological conditions is becoming increasingly common. The engineering environment is showing the characteristics of "three highs and one disturbance"—high ground stress, high karst water pressure, high ground temperature, and strong dynamic disturbance.

[0003] Against this backdrop, traditional rock bolts have gradually revealed their limitations: firstly, they lack monitoring capabilities, and their single support function is insufficient to meet construction needs; secondly, they lack impact resistance and resistance to large deformations, and are prone to brittle fracture under dynamic impacts (blasting, rockbursts) or continuous surrounding rock deformation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a device and its construction technology that has monitoring and early warning capabilities while also possessing impact resistance and resistance to large deformations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the current shortcomings in monitoring capabilities and insufficient impact and large deformation resistance in existing anchor bolt support technologies, this invention provides a continuous resistance-enhancing anchor bolt and its implementation method for tunnel and mine support, thereby achieving the aforementioned technical objectives and effects.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0006] A continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt for tunnel and mine support includes a rod body, a front-end loading module installed at the top of the rod body, a monitoring module installed inside the front-end loading module, and a pressing and rotating mechanism and a buckling energy-absorbing structure connected in sequence at the bottom of the rod body;

[0007] The buckling energy-absorbing structure includes two equalizing plates and several supporting units connected in the middle. The upper and lower equalizing plates are centrally fitted onto the rod and are capable of relative torsion. The supporting units are connected to the upper and lower equalizing plates at both ends, and absorb energy through torsional deformation.

[0008] The press-and-rotate mechanism includes:

[0009] Metal outer shell, hollow inside, bottom in contact with the equalizing plate located above;

[0010] The guide rail device is a hollow metal cylinder with an outer diameter that matches the inner diameter of the metal outer shell. A spiral sliding hole is opened on the outer wall, and it is installed inside the metal outer shell.

[0011] The pin is fitted onto the rod body at the center, and its outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the guide rail device. Its upper surface is flat, and its bottom is engaged with the pressure equalizing plate located above. The upper outer wall has a protruding insert, which is located in the sliding hole of the guide rail device.

[0012] The pressure block is fitted around the rod, and its bottom is slidably connected to the opening at the top of the metal shell, and it cannot slide out of the opening. The maximum distance that the top can extend out of the opening at the top of the metal shell is L1.

[0013] A buffer spring is connected between the bottom of the pressure block and the top of the pin.

[0014] The anchor bolt of this invention is a continuously increasing resistance anchor bolt, with its key inventive feature being the "continuous resistance increasing" method. When the monitoring point experiences a displacement change, the pressure block of the pressing and rotating mechanism is compressed, and the buffer spring begins to compress.

[0015] As the impact load increases further, the buffer spring presses down and rotates downward. The pin of the pin rotates downward along the sliding hole of the guide rail device. At the same time, the bottom drives the upper equalizing plate to rotate. Since the support unit connecting the two equalizing plates of the buckling energy absorption structure can produce plastic deformation, the upper equalizing plate will rotate and move downward at the same time.

[0016] Thus, compared to the traditional anchor bolt support method which is mainly rigid and has a single energy absorption mechanism, this invention improves upon it by using multi-stage extension, which transforms impact loads into controllable ductile failure, significantly improving its resistance to impact and large deformation.

[0017] Based on this, a vertical hole can also be provided at the lower end of the spiral sliding hole of the guide rail device, and the vertical height of the opening on the side wall of the guide rail device is L2, where L1>L2.

[0018] In this way, the height of the upper equalizing plate can be controlled, preventing excessive torsion of the buckling energy-absorbing structure from reducing the bending capacity of the support unit and affecting the overall energy absorption effect of the buckling energy-absorbing structure.

[0019] That is, the guide rail slide limit is the third level of protection. As the load continues to increase, the buckling energy absorption structure twists to the limit position, the pin insert moves vertically along the vertical hole, the buffer spring is compressed to the limit, and the pressure block descends to the lowest position. Since L1>L2, the impact load can be prevented from acting directly on the metal shell.

[0020] In this invention, an arc-shaped hole is opened on the lower outer side wall of the metal shell, and the central angle of the arc-shaped hole does not exceed 180 degrees, so as to avoid the side wall of the metal shell being too narrow and affecting the strength.

[0021] In one embodiment, the opening size at the top of the metal casing is smaller than the inner diameter, and the pressure block includes an upper column and a lower clamping platform, with the diameter of the upper column being smaller than the diameter of the lower clamping platform.

[0022] In one embodiment, the upper surface of the equalizing plate located above has several connecting blocks arranged in an array, and the bottom surface of the pin has several slots for engaging the connecting blocks.

[0023] The front-end loading module includes a housing, which is a cylindrical structure with an open bottom. The bottom is connected to the upper end of the rod. A wire hole is passed through the upper side wall. Several limiting rods are vertically arranged below the upper bottom surface. The monitoring module is located in the internal space of the limiting rods. The bottom is elastically connected to the top of the rod through a metal spring.

[0024] The monitoring module includes a protective shell and a wireless receiver. The protective shell houses a strain receiving chip, and the wires of the strain receiving chip pass through the wire holes and connect to the strain gauges. Several support rods are vertically arranged on the upper surface of the protective shell, and the height of the support rods is less than the height of the limiting rods.

[0025] The upper end of the rod is threaded to the front loading module, and the lower end is threaded and screwed with a nut. The nut is located below the buckling energy-absorbing structure and is used for limiting.

[0026] This invention also provides a method for implementing a continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt for tunnel and mine support, which, using the aforementioned continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt, includes the following technical steps:

[0027] Step 1: Install the monitoring module by loading the monitoring module into the front-end loading module;

[0028] Step 2: Install the front-end loading module and connect and fix the front-end loading module to the top of the pole;

[0029] Step 3: Install the buckling energy-absorbing structure and the pressing and rotating mechanism. Install the buckling energy-absorbing structure and the pressing and rotating mechanism onto the rod in sequence, and then install the nuts.

[0030] Step 4: Install this device;

[0031] 4.1 Drilling: Drilling holes at predetermined locations in tunnels or mines;

[0032] 4.2 Cleaning the hole;

[0033] 4.3 Grouting;

[0034] 4.4 Installation of anchor bolts: After grouting is completed, slowly pull out the grouting pipe, insert the anchor bolt assembled in step three, and tighten the nut so that the buckling energy-absorbing structure as a whole is in a torsional trend.

[0035] This invention also provides another method for implementing a continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt for tunnel and mine support. Using the aforementioned continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt and employing a prestressing method, additional nuts and washers are required during construction. The method includes the following technical steps:

[0036] Step 1: Install the monitoring module by loading the monitoring module into the front-end loading module;

[0037] Step 2: Install the front-end loading module and connect and fix the front-end loading module to the top of the pole;

[0038] Step 3: Install the pole;

[0039] 3.1 Drilling: Drilling holes at predetermined locations in tunnels or mines;

[0040] 3.2 Cleaning the hole;

[0041] 3.3 Grouting;

[0042] 3.4 Installation of anchor bolts: After grouting is completed, slowly pull out the grouting pipe, insert the anchor bolt assembled in step two, and install nuts and washers. After the grout strength reaches 70% of the design value, use jacks to tension it to the design load in stages, lock the load and tighten the nuts to fix it.

[0043] Step 4: Install the buckling energy-absorbing structure and the pressing and rotating mechanism. Remove the nuts and load the buckling energy-absorbing structure and the pressing and rotating mechanism onto the rod in sequence. Then tighten the nuts so that the buckling energy-absorbing structure is in a torsional state.

[0044] Through the above design, the continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt and its implementation method for tunnel and mine support of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0045] (1) The present invention adopts a buckling energy absorption structure. When the structure is compressed, it undergoes bending and twisting deformation to absorb energy. Compared with the single deformation energy absorption method of traditional energy absorption structures, the buckling energy absorption structure makes full use of material properties, improves bearing capacity, and adapts to the support needs of complex geological environments.

[0046] (2) Real-time monitoring and intelligent early warning function: The monitoring module of this invention can perceive the stress state of the anchor bolt and the surrounding rock in real time. It breaks through the traditional anchor bolt without built-in sensors, which cannot monitor the stress state, surrounding rock deformation or anchor failure signs in real time. It relies on manual inspection, which has the disadvantages of monitoring lag and blind spots. It can realize timely early warning of sudden risks such as rock bursts and landslides, and reduce safety hazards.

[0047] (3) Improve impact resistance and large deformation resistance. In response to the fact that traditional anchor bolts are mainly rigid structures with a single energy absorption mechanism that relies solely on the plastic deformation of materials, they are prone to brittle fracture under dynamic impact or continuous surrounding rock deformation. This innovation addresses key issues such as anchor bolt failure and short support life in complex scenarios such as high-stress mining areas and earthquake zones.

[0048] (4) The buckling energy absorption structure and the pressing and rotating mechanism are used together. Through the three-level mechanism of pre-torsion to induce plastic deformation of the support unit, energy dissipation of the buffer spring, and limit of the guide rail groove, the impact load is transformed into controllable ductile failure, which significantly improves the impact resistance and large deformation resistance.

[0049] (5) Adaptive protection: The present invention adopts a combination design of metal spring and limit rod, which allows the monitoring module to be moderately displaced to buffer deformation, and can trigger rigid support when excessive deformation occurs, taking into account both flexibility and stability, fully protecting the monitoring module and adapting to the needs of large deformation. Attached Figure Description

[0050] In the attached diagram:

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rod body of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front end of the rod body of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the buckling energy-absorbing structure of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the twisting of the support unit of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front-end loading module of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring module of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing and rotating mechanism of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the guide rail device of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the buckling energy-absorbing structure and the pressing and rotating mechanism of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction process of this invention.

[0062] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction process of the prestressed method used in this invention.

[0063] Reference numerals: 1. Rod; 11. Metal rod; 12. Metal spring; 13. Nut; 2. Buckling energy absorption structure; 21. Equalizing plate; 22. Support unit; 23. Connecting block; 3. Front loading module; 31. Housing; 32. Wire hole; 33. Limiting rod; 4. Monitoring module; 41. Protective shell; 42. Support rod; 43. Wire; 44. Strain gauge; 45. Strain receiving chip; 46. Wireless receiver; 5. Pressing and rotating mechanism; 51. Pressure block; 52. Buffer spring; 53. Metal housing; 54. Guide rail device; 55. Pin. Detailed Implementation

[0064] See Figure 1 A continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt for tunnel and mine support includes a rod body 1, a front-end loading module 3 installed at the top of the rod body 1, a monitoring module 4 installed in the front-end loading module 3 for monitoring the displacement changes of the current environment, and a pressing and rotating mechanism 5 and a buckling energy-absorbing structure 2 connected in sequence at the bottom of the rod body 1 for absorbing the impact load generated when the displacement changes.

[0065] See Figure 2 The rod body 1 includes a metal rod 11, the upper end of which is threadedly connected to the front loading module 3, and the lower end is threaded and screwed with a nut 13. The nut 13 is located below the buckling energy absorption structure 2 and is used for limiting.

[0066] The following is combined Figure 3 and Figure 6 The front loading module 3 includes a housing 31, which is a cylindrical structure with an open bottom. The bottom is provided with an internal thread and is threaded to the upper end of the rod 1. A wire hole 32 is horizontally penetrating the upper side wall. Several limiting rods 33 are vertically arranged below the upper bottom surface. The monitoring module 4 is located in the internal space of the several limiting rods 33. The bottom is elastically connected to the top of the rod 1 through a metal spring 12.

[0067] In this embodiment, the metal spring 12 is welded to the top of the metal rod 11 to limit the downward displacement of the monitoring module 4 under the influence of gravity, while its elasticity allows the monitoring module 4 to move downward when the front loading module 3 is deformed by external influence.

[0068] Furthermore, the top dimension of the metal rod 11 is smaller than that of the rod body, which matches the outer diameter of the front loading module 3.

[0069] See Figure 7The monitoring module 4 includes a protective shell 41 and a wireless receiver 46. The protective shell 41 houses a strain receiving chip 45. A small hole is opened on the outer wall of the protective shell 41 to allow a wire 43 to pass through. The wire 43 of the strain receiving chip 45 passes through the wire hole 32 and connects to a strain gauge 44. Several support rods 42 are vertically arranged on the upper surface of the protective shell 41. The height of the support rods 42 is less than the height of the limiting rod 33, ensuring that the support rods 42 can contact the inner upper surface of the shell 31. The wireless receiver 46 allows personnel to remotely view the displacement information of the anchor bolt position.

[0070] The strain gauge 44, strain receiving chip 45, and wireless receiver 46 in monitoring module 4 are used to monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock in real time. When the deformation of the surrounding rock reaches a certain threshold, an alarm is issued to remind personnel to evacuate.

[0071] In this embodiment, the support rod 42 and the limiting rod 33 are both metal parts, which are welded to the protective shell 41 and the outer shell 31 respectively, in opposite directions. The length of the limiting rod 33 should be slightly longer than the length of the metal spring 12 after it is fully compressed. When the metal spring 12 is fully compressed due to the deformation of the front loading module 3, the metal spring 12, the limiting rod 33 and the support rod 42 work together to resist the continued deformation of the front loading module 3 and protect the monitoring module 4.

[0072] The following is combined Figure 4 and Figure 5 The buckling energy absorption structure 2 is introduced. The buckling energy absorption structure 2 includes two equalizing plates 21 and several supporting units 22 connected in the middle. All of them are made of metal. The two equalizing plates 21 are centrally sleeved on the rod 1 and can be twisted relative to each other.

[0073] The equalizing plate 21 is a disc structure with a central opening. Support units 22 are arrayed between two equalizing plates 21, with their ends welded to the upper and lower equalizing plates 21 respectively. They absorb energy through torsional deformation. The diameter of the support unit 22 is smaller than the diameter of the metal rod 11, requiring good torsional performance. Appropriate materials can be selected based on the site conditions. Figure 4 The display shows the state after torsion. To facilitate the demonstration of the torsion effect, the support unit 22 adopts a rectangular strip structure. However, in actual use, a cylindrical structure is preferred, as it has better torsional strength. Moreover, the buckling energy-absorbing structure 2 can be manufactured in different specifications to adapt to different site environments.

[0074] The following is combined Figures 8-10 Let's introduce the press-and-rotate mechanism 5. All components of the press-and-rotate mechanism 5 are made of metal, specifically including:

[0075] The metal outer shell 53 is hollow inside, forming a hollow cylindrical structure, with its bottom in contact with the equalizing plate 21 located above it.

[0076] The guide rail device 54 is a hollow metal cylinder with an outer diameter that matches the inner diameter of the metal outer shell 53. A spiral sliding hole is opened on the outer wall, and it is installed inside the metal outer shell.

[0077] Furthermore, the guide rail device 54 is taller than the arc-shaped hole to prevent it from falling out of the hole. During installation, it is inserted from the bottom up.

[0078] It is worth noting that during the installation of the buckling energy-absorbing structure 2, the entire structure needs to be pre-twisted or each support unit 22 needs to be twisted before welding to the equalizing plate 21 to ensure that the structure can achieve buckling deformation under pressure. The twisting direction should be consistent with the groove direction of the guide rail device 54 and the rotation direction when the nut 13 is tightened. See [reference needed]. Figure 10 As shown.

[0079] The pin 55 is fitted onto the rod 1 at its center. Its outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the guide rail device 54. Its upper surface is flat, and its bottom is engaged with the pressure equalizing plate 21 located above it. The upper outer wall is provided with a protruding insert post, which is located in the sliding hole of the guide rail device 54.

[0080] During installation, first insert the pin 55 into the sliding hole of the guide rail device 54 to pre-assemble the pin 55 and the guide rail device 54, and then insert it from the bottom of the metal housing 53. The pin 55 is preferably cylindrical to facilitate sliding in the sliding hole, and its length does not exceed the outer wall of the guide rail device 54 to avoid interference with the inner wall of the metal housing 53.

[0081] Given that the support unit of the buckling energy absorption structure 2 should not be excessively twisted to avoid affecting the support strength, the number of turns of the spiral sliding hole on the outer wall of the guide rail device 54 should not exceed half a turn.

[0082] In addition, the pin of pin 55 will continuously press against the spiral sliding hole of guide rail device 54 during the movement process, so it should be made of high-strength metal material.

[0083] Of course, in order to further increase the strength of the insert, in this embodiment, an arc-shaped hole can be opened on the lower outer wall of the metal shell 53 to lengthen the insert and ensure that the insert can smoothly press down the guide rail device 54 downward.

[0084] See Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, half of the lower half of the sidewall of the metal casing 53 was removed to form this arc-shaped hole.

[0085] In this state, the central angle of the arc-shaped hole should not exceed 180 degrees to prevent the sidewalls of the metal casing 53 from being too narrow and affecting the strength.

[0086] In this embodiment, the upper surface of the equalizing plate 21 located above has a plurality of connecting blocks 23 arrayed thereon, and the bottom surface of the pin 55 has a plurality of slots for engaging the connecting blocks 23.

[0087] Appendix Figure 4The connecting block 23 is a rectangular block. In a preferred embodiment, the connecting block 23 can also be a cylindrical block, which can better resist torque.

[0088] The pressure block 51 is fitted around the rod 1 at the center, and its bottom is slidably connected to the upper opening of the metal shell 53, and cannot slide out of the upper opening. The maximum distance that the top can extend out of the upper opening of the metal shell 53 is L1.

[0089] Furthermore, the top opening of the metal casing 53 is smaller than its inner diameter, and the pressure block 51 includes an upper column and a lower retaining platform. The diameter of the upper column is smaller than the diameter of the lower retaining platform, so that the upper column of the pressure block 51 can extend out of the top opening of the metal casing 53.

[0090] A buffer spring 52 is connected between the bottom of the pressure block 51 and the top of the pin 55.

[0091] In operation, the buffer spring 52 can initially bear a portion of the pressure. When the pressure reaches a certain level, the pin 55 moves along the guide rail device 54, causing the buckling energy-absorbing structure 2 to deform, which in turn causes the buffer spring 52 to rebound, thus preventing excessive compression and damage to the buffer spring 52.

[0092] The anchor bolt of this invention is a continuously increasing resistance anchor bolt, and the important inventive point is concentrated on the "continuous resistance increasing" method.

[0093] When the monitoring point undergoes a displacement change, the pressure block 51 of the pressing and rotating mechanism 5 is compressed, and the buffer spring 52 begins to compress.

[0094] As the impact load increases further, the buffer spring 52 presses down the pin 55 to rotate and move downward. The pin 55 moves downward along the sliding hole of the guide rail device 54. At the same time, the bottom drives the upper equalizing plate 21 to rotate. Since the support unit 22 connecting the two equalizing plates 21 of the buckling energy absorption structure 2 can produce plastic deformation, the upper equalizing plate 21 will rotate and move downward at the same time.

[0095] Thus, compared to the traditional anchor bolt support method which is mainly rigid and has a single energy absorption mechanism, this invention improves upon it by using multi-stage extension, which transforms impact loads into controllable ductile failure, significantly improving its resistance to impact and large deformation.

[0096] Based on this, the lower end of the spiral sliding hole of the guide rail device 54 may also be provided with a vertical hole, and the vertical height of the opening on the side wall of the guide rail device 54 is L2, where L1>L2.

[0097] In this way, the downward height of the upper equalizing plate 21 can be controlled, preventing the buckling energy absorption structure 2 from being excessively twisted and reducing the bending capacity of the support unit 22, thus affecting the overall energy absorption effect of the buckling energy absorption structure 2.

[0098] That is, the guide rail slide limit is the third level of protection. As the load continues to increase, the buckling energy absorption structure 2 twists to the limit position, the pin 55 moves vertically along the vertical hole, the buffer spring 52 is compressed to the limit, and the pressure block 51 drops to the lowest position. Since L1>L2, the impact load can be prevented from acting directly on the metal shell 53.

[0099] See Figure 11 The present invention also provides a method for implementing a continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt for tunnel and mine support, which uses the above-mentioned continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt and includes the following technical steps:

[0100] Step 1: Install monitoring module 4 by inserting it into the front-end loading module 3;

[0101] 1.1 Install the strain receiving chip 45: Connect the wire 43 to the strain receiving chip 45. After connecting, put the strain receiving chip 45 into the protective shell 41. Put the protective shell 41 into the front loading module 3. The other end of the wire 43 extends out from the wire hole 32.

[0102] 1.2 Installing strain gauge 44: Connect the wire 43 that passes through the wire hole 32 to the strain gauge 44, grind the part where the strain gauge 44 needs to be installed, then install the strain gauge 44 and test whether the monitoring module 4 can work normally. After confirming that the monitoring module 4 can work normally, seal the wire hole 32.

[0103] Step 2: Install the front loading module 3 and fix the front loading module 3 to the top of the rod 1 by threading.

[0104] Step 3: Install buckling energy-absorbing structure 2 and pressing rotation mechanism 5. Install buckling energy-absorbing structure 2 and pressing rotation mechanism 5 onto rod 1 in sequence, and then install nut 13.

[0105] Step 4: Install this device;

[0106] 4.1 Drilling: Drill holes at the predetermined locations in the tunnel or mine, select drilling machinery according to design requirements, and ensure that the hole diameter and depth meet the requirements;

[0107] 4.2. Hole cleaning: Use a high-pressure air hose or water to flush out rock powder and debris from the hole to ensure the hole wall is clean;

[0108] 4.3 Grouting: The bottom return grouting method is adopted and an exhaust pipe is installed to ensure the grouting is dense and avoid air holes. The grouting pipe is inserted into the bottom of the hole and cement mortar is poured in. The grouting pressure and grouting range should be strictly in accordance with the design specifications.

[0109] 4.4 Installation of anchor bolts: After grouting is completed, slowly pull out the grouting pipe, insert the anchor bolt assembled in step three, and tighten the nut 13 so that the buckling energy absorption structure 2 is in a torsional trend.

[0110] See Figure 12 The present invention also provides another method for implementing a continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt for tunnel and mine support. Using the aforementioned continuous resistance-increasing anchor bolt and employing a prestressing method, an additional nut 13 and washer plate are required during construction. The method includes the following technical steps:

[0111] Step 1: Install monitoring module 4 by inserting it into the front-end loading module 3;

[0112] 1.1 Install the strain receiving chip 45: Connect the wire 43 to the strain receiving chip 45. After connecting, put the strain receiving chip 45 into the protective shell 41. Put the protective shell 41 into the front loading module 3. The other end of the wire 43 extends out from the wire hole 32.

[0113] 1.2 Installing strain gauge 44: Connect the wire 43 that passes through the wire hole 32 to the strain gauge 44, grind the part where the strain gauge 44 needs to be installed, then install the strain gauge 44 and test whether the monitoring module 4 can work normally. After confirming that the monitoring module 4 can work normally, seal the wire hole 32.

[0114] Step 2: Install the front loading module 3 and fix the front loading module 3 to the top of the rod 1 by threading.

[0115] Step 3: Install rod 1;

[0116] 3.1 Drilling: Drill holes at the predetermined locations in the tunnel or mine, select drilling machinery according to design requirements, and ensure that the hole diameter and depth meet the requirements;

[0117] 3.2. Hole cleaning: Use a high-pressure air hose or water to flush out rock powder and debris from the hole to ensure the hole wall is clean;

[0118] 3.3 Grouting: The bottom return grouting method is adopted and an exhaust pipe is installed to ensure the grouting is dense and avoid air holes. The grouting pipe is inserted into the bottom of the hole and cement mortar is poured in. The grouting pressure and grouting range should be strictly in accordance with the design specifications.

[0119] 3.4 Installation of anchor bolts: After grouting is completed, slowly pull out the grouting pipe, insert the anchor bolt assembled in step two, and install nut 13 and pad. After the grout strength reaches 70% of the design value, use a jack to tension it to the design load in stages, lock the load and tighten nut 13 to fix it.

[0120] Step 4: Install the buckling energy absorption structure 2 and the pressing and rotating mechanism 5, remove the nut 13, and load the buckling energy absorption structure 2 and the pressing and rotating mechanism 5 onto the rod 1 in sequence. Then tighten the nut 13 so that the buckling energy absorption structure 2 is in a torsional state.

Claims

1. A continuously increasing resistance type rock bolt for tunnel and mine support, comprising a shank (1), characterized in that, The rod body (1) is provided with a front end loading module (3) at the top, the front end loading module (3) is provided with a monitoring module (4) inside, and the lower part of the rod body (1) is sequentially connected with a pressing rotating mechanism (5) and a flexion energy absorption structure (2); The flexion energy absorption structure (2) comprises upper and lower equalizing discs (21) and a plurality of supporting units (22) connected in the middle, the upper and lower equalizing discs (21) are sleeved on the rod body (1) at the center, and can be relatively twisted; The pressing rotating mechanism (5) comprises: A metal shell (53) is hollow inside, and the bottom is in contact with the equalizing disc (21) located above; A guide rail device (54) is a hollow metal cylinder, the outer diameter is matched with the inner diameter of the metal shell (53), a spiral sliding hole is formed in the outer wall, and the guide rail device (54) is installed in the metal shell (53); A pin column (55) is sleeved on the rod body (1) at the center, the outer diameter is matched with the inner diameter of the guide rail device (54), the upper surface is a plane, the bottom is clamped and connected with the equalizing disc (21) located above, and a protruding insertion column is arranged on the outer wall of the upper part, and the insertion column is located in the sliding hole of the guide rail device (54); A pressure bearing block (51) is sleeved on the rod body (1) at the center, the bottom is slidingly connected at the upper opening of the metal shell (53), and cannot slide out from the upper opening, and the maximum distance that the top can extend out of the upper opening of the metal shell (53) is L1; A buffer spring (52) is connected between the bottom of the pressure bearing block (51) and the top of the pin column (55); The lower end of the spiral sliding hole of the guide rail device (54) is provided with a vertical hole, the vertical height of the side wall opening of the guide rail device (54) is L2, and L1>L2; The front end loading module (3) comprises a shell (31), the shell (31) is a cylindrical structure with an open bottom, the bottom is connected with the upper end of the rod body (1), a plurality of limiting rods (33) are vertically arranged below the upper bottom surface, the monitoring module (4) is located in the internal space of the limiting rods (33), and the bottom is elastically connected with the top of the rod body (1) through a metal spring (12); the monitoring module (4) comprises a protective shell (41) and a wireless receiver (46), the protective shell (41) contains a strain receiving chip (45), a plurality of supporting rods (42) are vertically arranged on the upper surface of the protective shell (41), and the height of the supporting rod (42) is less than the height of the limiting rod (33).

2. A continuously increasing resistance anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that, An arc-shaped hole is formed in the outer side wall of the lower part of the metal shell (53), and the central angle of the arc-shaped hole is not more than 180 degrees.

3. A continuously increasing resistance anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top opening size of the metal shell (53) is less than the inner diameter size, and the pressure bearing block (51) comprises an upper column body and a lower clamping base, the diameter of the upper column body is less than the diameter of the lower clamping base.

4. A continuously increasing resistance anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that, A plurality of connecting blocks (23) are arranged on the upper surface of the equalizing disc (21) located above, and a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the bottom surface of the pin column (55) and used for clamping the connecting blocks (23).

5. A continuously increasing resistance anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein, A wire hole (32) is formed in the side wall of the upper end of the shell (31).

6. A continuously increasing resistance anchor rod as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that, The wire (43) of the strain receiving chip (45) is connected with a strain gauge (44) after being drawn out from the wire hole (32).

7. A continuously increasing resistance anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that, The upper end of the rod body (1) is threadedly connected with the front end loading module (3), the lower end is provided with threads, and a nut (13) is screwed, the nut (13) is located below the buckling energy absorption structure (2) and is used for limiting.

8. A method for the implementation of a continuously increasing resistance anchor for tunnel and mine support, using the continuously increasing resistance anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The technical steps include the following: Step one: install the monitoring module (4), and install the monitoring module (4) into the front end loading module (3); Step two: install the front end loading module (3), and connect and fix the front end loading module (3) with the top of the rod body (1); Step three: install the buckling energy absorption structure (2) and the pressing rotating mechanism (5), load the buckling energy absorption structure (2) and the pressing rotating mechanism (5) on the rod body (1) in sequence, and then install the nut (13); Step four: install the device; 4.1, drilling: drilling is performed at the predetermined position of the tunnel or the mine; 4.2, hole cleaning; 4.3, grouting; 4.4, installation of anchor rod: after the grouting is completed, the grouting pipe is slowly pulled out, the anchor rod assembled in step three is inserted, the nut (13) is tightened, and the buckling energy absorption structure (2) as a whole presents a torsion trend.

9. A method for the implementation of a continuously increasing resistance anchor for tunnel and mine support, using the continuously increasing resistance anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The technical steps include the following: Step one: install the monitoring module (4), and install the monitoring module (4) into the front end loading module (3); Step two: install the front end loading module (3), and connect and fix the front end loading module (3) with the top of the rod body (1); Step three: install the rod body (1); 3.1, drilling: drilling is performed at the predetermined position of the tunnel or the mine; 3.2, hole cleaning; 3.3, grouting; 3.4, installation of anchor rod: after the grouting is completed, the grouting pipe is slowly pulled out, the anchor rod assembled in step two is inserted, and the nut (13) and the backing plate are installed, after the strength of the grout reaches 70% of the design value, the jack is used for graded tensioning to the design load, the load is locked and the nut (13) is tightened for fixation; Step four: install the buckling energy absorption structure (2) and the pressing rotating mechanism (5), remove the nut (13), load the buckling energy absorption structure (2) and the pressing rotating mechanism (5) on the rod body (1) in sequence, then tighten the nut (13), and make the buckling energy absorption structure (2) as a whole present a torsion trend.

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