Device and method for detecting loose state of internal structure of high-speed rail supporting layer

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed rail supporting layer, the device comprises an elastic wave exciter arranged along one side line of the supporting layer and an elastic wave detector arranged along the other side line of the supporting layer, the elastic wave detector is in communication connection with a data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is installed on a mobile platform, and the mobile platform is connected with the elastic wave exciter. A computer connected with the data acquisition instrument is arranged on the mobile platform, and the elastic wave exciter is used for vertically knocking the side surface of a high-speed rail supporting layer so as to excite elastic waves; the elastic wave detector is used for detecting elastic wave speed response signals and transmitting the elastic wave speed response signals to the computer through the data acquisition instrument; and the computer is used for processing and analyzing the elastic wave speed response signal and outputting an internal structure state detection result of the supporting layer. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the propagation characteristics of elastic waves are utilized, the opposite penetrating waveform section is formed by changing the positions of the wave detector and the seismic source, and the loose state of the internal structure of the supporting layer can be detected and analyzed losslessly, rapidly and accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of roadbed detection, and in particular to a device and method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway supporting layer. Background Art

[0002] As people's living standards continue to improve, higher requirements are placed on the safety and comfort of riding high-speed trains. In order to ensure the safe operation of high-speed trains and improve their comfort, the stability of the high-speed rail supporting layer must be ensured.

[0003] During actual operation, when large temperature differences exist in the environment, thermal expansion and contraction can easily cause defects such as diagonal cracks and looseness in the high-speed rail support layer. While traditional drilling sampling methods can directly obtain internal information about the roadbed, they are highly destructive, inefficient, and limited in scope, making it difficult to achieve a comprehensive, non-destructive assessment of the internal structure.

[0004] Existing research uses nondestructive testing to examine the internal state of high-speed rail support layers. For example, Chinese patent CN104596713A uses a vibration source to hammer the surface of the high-speed rail support layer and uses a vibration velocity sensor to detect the vibration data caused by the hammering. The vibration data (vibration velocity, displacement, or acceleration) and force data are then analyzed to determine whether the high-speed rail support layer is stable. However, existing nondestructive testing technologies are affected by noise and signal attenuation, resulting in long inversion times and high computational complexity, making it difficult to achieve accurate and efficient testing requirements in complex internal structures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a device and method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of the high-speed railway supporting layer, which can realize non-destructive, rapid and accurate detection and analysis of the loose state of the internal structure of the supporting layer.

[0006] The objectives of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a device for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway support layer, comprising an elastic wave exciter arranged along one side of the support layer and an elastic wave detector arranged along the other side of the support layer, the elastic wave detector being communicatively connected to a data acquisition device mounted on a mobile platform that moves along the high-speed railway track and on which a computer connected to the data acquisition device is disposed, the elastic wave exciter being used to vertically strike the side of the high-speed railway support layer to excite elastic waves;

[0007] The elastic wave detector is used to detect elastic wave velocity response signals and transmit them to a computer via a data acquisition device;

[0008] The computer is used to process and analyze the elastic wave velocity response signal and output the internal structural state detection result of the support layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic wave exciters are evenly arranged at equal distances along a line on one side of the support layer, and the elastic wave detectors are evenly arranged at equal distances along a line on the other side of the support layer and are symmetrical with respect to the positions of the elastic wave exciters.

[0010] Furthermore, an acceleration sensor is fixedly mounted on the elastic wave exciter.

[0011] Furthermore, the elastic wave exciter is specifically a steel hammer with a mass of 2 to 3 kg and a round hammer head.

[0012] A method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway support layer comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1. Move the mobile platform to the area to be detected;

[0014] S2. Arrange the elastic wave detector on one side of the high-speed railway support layer, and arrange the elastic wave exciter on the opposite side of the high-speed railway support layer in the transverse direction;

[0015] S3, using an elastic wave exciter to vertically strike the side of the high-speed rail support layer to excite elastic waves, and the elastic wave detector on the opposite side transmits the detected elastic wave velocity response signal to a computer through a data acquisition device for storage, which is recorded as "original group data";

[0016] S4. Swap the elastic wave exciter and the elastic wave detector. Then, use the elastic wave exciter to vertically strike the side of the high-speed railway support layer to excite elastic waves. The elastic wave detector on the opposite side transmits the detected elastic wave velocity response signal to the computer through a data acquisition device for storage, which is recorded as "swap group data."

[0017] S5. The computer processes and analyzes the "original group data" and the "swapped group data" to obtain a cross-sectional image diagram;

[0018] S6. Based on the elastic wave waveform characteristics in the penetration image, determine the internal structural state of the high-speed railway support layer in the current area to be detected.

[0019] Furthermore, the “original group data” and the “swap group data” both include multiple elastic wave velocity signals and corresponding detection channel numbers, wherein the detection channel numbers correspond to the installation positions of the elastic wave exciter and the elastic wave detector.

[0020] Furthermore, step S5 includes the following steps:

[0021] S51. Perform time domain analysis on the “original group data” and the “swapped group data” respectively to obtain a summary waveform of the original group and a summary waveform of the swapped group;

[0022] S52, inverting the swap group summary waveform group to obtain an inverted waveform graph;

[0023] S53: Based on the original group summary waveform and the inverted waveform, a through-wave waveform is obtained by processing, and combined with the set color mapping range and contrast, a through-wave image is drawn.

[0024] Furthermore, the step S52 specifically involves reversing the waveforms in the swap group summary waveform diagram according to the acquisition time sequence to obtain a reversed waveform diagram.

[0025] Furthermore, the specific process of step S53 is as follows: according to the positions of the excitation and reception elastic waves, each data in the original group summary waveform is added to the corresponding data in the inverted waveform, and the "cross-group data" is obtained after superposition processing;

[0026] Based on the "cross-through group data", the corresponding multiple waveforms are summarized according to the detection channel number to obtain the "cross-through waveform diagram";

[0027] The bicubic interpolation method is used to interpolate the "cross-group data";

[0028] Draw the "Cross-through Image" based on the interpolation results of the "Cross-through Waveform" and "Cross-through Group Data" and the set color mapping range and contrast.

[0029] Furthermore, the specific process of step S6 is as follows:

[0030] Based on the "penetration image", the elastic wave waveform characteristics are analyzed to identify the internal structural state of the high-speed railway support layer. When the first preset condition is met, it indicates that there is looseness in the support layer; when the second preset condition is met, it indicates that there are oblique cracks in the support layer. The first preset condition is:

[0031] In the "cross-image diagram", the waveform signals in the upper and lower parts both show uneven images extending toward the middle part;

[0032] The second preset condition is:

[0033] In the "through-image diagram", the waveform signals in the upper and lower parts both show oblique unevenness within the layered image.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] The present invention deploys elastic wave detectors along the longitudinal direction of the high-speed rail support layer on one side, and an elastic wave exciter on the other side. The exciter strikes the side of the high-speed rail support layer vertically to excite elastic waves. The elastic wave detectors detect elastic wave velocity response signals on the opposite side and transmit them to a computer via a data acquisition device. The computer then processes and analyzes these elastic wave velocity response signals to determine the internal structural state of the support layer. This approach leverages the propagation characteristics of elastic waves to enable non-destructive, rapid, and accurate detection of the looseness of the support layer's internal structure.

[0036] The present invention uses an elastic wave exciter to strike one side of a support layer. An elastic wave detector located on the other side of the support layer then acquires an elastic wave velocity response signal, known as "original group data." The positions of the elastic wave exciter and elastic wave detector are then swapped to obtain a swapped elastic wave velocity response signal, known as "swapped group data." The "original group data" and "swapped group data" are then processed and analyzed to produce a penetration image. The elastic wave waveform characteristics in the penetration image are then used to determine the internal structural state of the high-speed rail support layer. By varying the positions of the elastic wave detector and elastic wave exciter to form a penetration waveform profile, the present invention enables rapid analysis of the internal structural characteristics of the high-speed rail support layer.

[0037] The present invention uses a time domain analysis method to process the "original group data" and the "swap group data" to obtain a corresponding summary waveform diagram, and then reverses the waveform in the swap group summary waveform diagram according to the acquisition time sequence to obtain an inverted waveform diagram. By superimposing each data in the original group summary waveform diagram with the data in the inverted waveform diagram, the cross-penetration elastic wave signal data is obtained, and an image recognition method is used for image processing. By analyzing the waveform characteristics of the original-cross-penetration superimposed waveform diagram, the internal structure state of the high-speed railway supporting layer can be accurately and effectively known.

[0038] The present invention is designed to evenly arrange elastic wave exciters at equal distances along a line on one side of the supporting layer, and to evenly arrange elastic wave detectors at equal distances along a line on the other side of the supporting layer, and symmetrically with the positions of the elastic wave exciters. The data acquisition instrument and the computer are designed to be installed on a mobile platform, and the mobile platform moves along the high-speed rail track, so that the internal structural status of the supporting layer in different areas to be detected on the high-speed rail track can be conveniently and efficiently detected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the application structure of the device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 The waveforms are summarized for the original group in the implementation;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a waveform diagram after the swap group is reversed in the embodiment;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional waveform diagram in the embodiment;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a through-image diagram in the embodiment;

[0046] Explanation of the marks in the figure: 1. Data acquisition instrument, 2. Elastic wave exciter, 3. Elastic wave detector, 4. Mobile power supply, 5. Computer, 6. Device integration box, 7. Data cable, 8. Mobile platform, 9. Power cord, 10. Handle, 11. Wheel set. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0048] Example

[0049] Elastic waves reflect and refract when propagating through different media, resulting in distinct differences in their amplitude and travel time characteristics. Therefore, addressing the hidden nature of the porous structure within the support layer and the limitations of traditional detection methods, this approach leverages the propagation characteristics of elastic waves. By varying the positions of the detectors and seismic sources, a through-wave profile is generated. This allows for rapid analysis of the internal structural characteristics of the high-speed rail support layer, resulting in a non-destructive, efficient, and accurate detection solution.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this solution proposes a device for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of the high-speed railway supporting layer, including a mobile platform 8, a device integration box 6 and multiple detection units, wherein a device integration box 6 is fixedly installed on the mobile platform 8, and a mobile power supply 4 is provided in the device integration box 6. The mobile power supply 4 is connected to the data acquisition instrument 1 through a power cord 9. An elastic wave exciter 2 is provided on the side of the supporting layer next to the data acquisition instrument 1, and an elastic wave detector 3 is arranged on the opposite side of the elastic wave exciter 2. The elastic wave detector 3 is connected to the data acquisition instrument 1 through a data cable 7, and the data acquisition instrument 1 is connected to a computer 5 placed on the device integration box 6 through a data cable. A wheel set 11 is installed at the bottom of the mobile platform 8, which can move along the high-speed railway track. In this embodiment, a handle 10 is provided on the mobile device 8 for convenient moving operation.

[0051] In this embodiment, an acceleration sensor is attached to the elastic wave exciter 2. The elastic wave exciter 2 uses a steel hammer with a mass of 2-3 kg and a rounded hammer head to effectively and vertically strike the side of the high-speed rail support layer, thereby exciting elastic waves. Computer 5 is used to determine whether the elastic wave exciter 2 has successfully excited elastic waves and to record, store, and analyze the elastic wave velocity signal data collected by the elastic wave detector 3.

[0052] Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent elastic wave exciters 2 is equal to the distance between two adjacent elastic wave detectors 3 on the opposite side, and the excitation point and detector positions correspond laterally to ensure that elastic wave signals penetrating the support layer can be collected. In this embodiment, the equipment layout is designed so that the distance between two adjacent elastic wave exciters and two adjacent elastic wave detectors is equal, with a range of 10-50 cm.

[0053] The above device is used to realize a method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of the high-speed railway support layer. Figure 3 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0054] S1, moving the mobile platform 8 to the area to be detected;

[0055] S2, placing the elastic wave detector 3 on one side of the high-speed railway support layer, and placing the elastic wave exciter 2 on the opposite side in the transverse direction of the high-speed railway support layer;

[0056] S3, using the elastic wave exciter 2 to vertically strike the side of the high-speed railway support layer to excite elastic waves, and the elastic wave detector 3 on the opposite side transmits the detected elastic wave velocity response signal through the data acquisition device 1 to the computer 5 for storage, which is recorded as "original group data";

[0057] S4, swapping the arrangement of the elastic wave exciter 2 and the elastic wave detector 3, and then using the elastic wave exciter 2 to vertically strike the side of the high-speed railway support layer to excite elastic waves, and the elastic wave detector 3 on the opposite side transmits the detected elastic wave velocity response signal to the computer 5 through the data acquisition device 1 for storage, which is recorded as "swap group data";

[0058] S5. The computer processes and analyzes the "original group data" and the "swapped group data" to obtain a cross-sectional image diagram;

[0059] S6. Based on the elastic wave waveform characteristics in the penetration image, determine the internal structural state of the high-speed railway support layer in the current area to be detected.

[0060] This embodiment applies the above solution, and the specific process includes:

[0061] Step 1: Move the mobile platform 8 carrying the device integrated box 6 to the area to be inspected on the high-speed rail track;

[0062] Step 2: Use data cable 7 to connect the elastic wave detector 3 and the data acquisition device 1, the elastic wave exciter 2 and the data acquisition device 1, and the data acquisition device 1 and the computer 5;

[0063] Step 3: Use the power cord 9 to connect the data acquisition instrument 1 and the mobile power supply 4;

[0064] Step 4: Arrange the elastic wave detector 3 on one side of the high-speed rail support layer in the area to be detected, and arrange the elastic wave exciter 2 on the opposite side of the high-speed rail support layer;

[0065] Step 5: Use the elastic wave exciter 2 to strike the side of the high-speed rail support layer to excite elastic waves;

[0066] Step 6: The elastic wave detector 3 detects the elastic wave velocity response signal and transmits it to the data acquisition device 1 through the data line 7, and finally transmits it to and saves it in the laptop computer 5;

[0067] Step 7: Record the group data as "original group data";

[0068] Step 8: swapping the positions of the elastic wave exciter 2 and the elastic wave detector 3, i.e., placing the elastic wave exciter 2 at the original position of the elastic wave detector 3 in step 4, and placing the elastic wave detector 3 at the original position of the elastic wave exciter 2 in step 4;

[0069] Step 9. Repeat steps 5 and 6.

[0070] Step 10: Name the data measured in steps 8 and 9 as "swap group data";

[0071] Step 11: Perform time domain analysis on the elastic wave velocity signal in the “original group data”, check the detection channel number corresponding to each waveform, and summarize the waveform data of all detection channels to obtain the following: Figure 4 The original group summary waveform shown contains speed signals of different detection channels at different sampling times;

[0072] Step 12: Perform time domain analysis on the elastic wave velocity signal in the “swap group data” and draw a summary waveform of the original group; reverse the waveform of the swap group data according to the order of acquisition time and draw a reversed waveform, as shown in the following example: Figure 5 As shown;

[0073] Step 13: According to the positions of the excitation and reception elastic waves, each raw data in the original group summary waveform is added to the swapped data in the inverted waveform, and the "cross-group data" is obtained after superposition processing;

[0074] Step 14: Based on the “cross-group data”, multiple waveforms are summarized and analyzed according to the section width travel time waveform and waveform number, and the following is obtained: Figure 6The “cross-over waveform” shown;

[0075] Step 15: Use bicubic interpolation method to interpolate the “cross-group data”;

[0076] Step 16: Based on the interpolation results of the "cross-group data" and the "cross-waveform diagram", combined with the preset color mapping range and contrast, the following is drawn: Figure 7 The “through-image diagram” shown;

[0077] Step 17: Analyze the elastic wave waveform characteristics based on the "penetration image" to identify defects in the high-speed rail support layer. If condition 1 of the following conditions is met, it indicates that the support layer is loose; if condition 2 is met, it indicates that there are diagonal cracks in the support layer.

[0078] Condition 1: In the "cross-image diagram", the upper and lower waveform signals both show uneven images extending toward the middle part;

[0079] Condition 2: In the "cross-image diagram", the waveform signals in the upper and lower parts both show oblique unevenness within the layered image.

[0080] According to the judgment conditions, Figure 7 In the "through-image" diagram, both the "original" and "swapped" waveforms clearly show a waveform protruding toward the center of the image, meeting condition one, indicating the presence of a loose structure in the support layer being tested. Furthermore, the elastic wave signals from different channels in the "swapped" waveform form oblique straight lines, meeting condition two, indicating the presence of oblique cracks in the support layer being tested.

[0081] In this embodiment, steps 1 to 17 can be applied to all areas to be inspected: first, complete the "original group data" collection according to steps 1 to 7, then swap the positions of the elastic wave exciter 2 and the elastic wave detector 3 according to steps 8 to 10, and then collect the "swap group data". After completing the elastic wave velocity signal data collection step, perform data processing according to steps 11 to 17 and obtain the detection results of the detection area. After completing steps 1 to 17, the mobile platform 8 can be directly moved to the next area to be inspected, and the internal structural status of the high-speed rail support in the next area to be inspected can be continued. After completing steps 1 to 17 in all areas to be inspected, the internal structural status of the support layer in each detection area can be known.

[0082] In summary, this scheme utilizes the propagation characteristics of elastic waves, forms a through-wave profile by changing the positions of the detector and the source, and uses image recognition methods to process the elastic wave signal. By analyzing the characteristics of the original-through-wave superimposed waveform, the internal structural state of the high-speed railway supporting layer is obtained, realizing non-destructive, rapid, and accurate detection of the loose state of the internal structure of the supporting layer.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway supporting layer, characterized in that: The invention comprises an elastic wave exciter (2) arranged along one side of a support layer and an elastic wave detector (3) arranged along the other side of the support layer, wherein the elastic wave detector (3) is in communication connection with a data acquisition instrument (1), the data acquisition instrument (1) is mounted on a mobile platform (8), the mobile platform (8) moves along a high-speed railway track, and a computer (5) connected to the data acquisition instrument (1) is provided on the mobile platform (8), and the elastic wave exciter (2) is used for vertically striking the side surface of the high-speed railway support layer to excite elastic waves; The elastic wave detector (3) is used to detect the elastic wave velocity response signal and transmit it to the computer (5) through the data acquisition device (1); The computer (5) is used to process and analyze the elastic wave velocity response signal and output the internal structural state detection result of the support layer.

2. The device for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of the high-speed railway support layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic wave exciters (2) are evenly arranged along a line on one side of the support layer at equal distances, and the elastic wave detectors (3) are evenly arranged along a line on the other side of the support layer at equal distances and are symmetrical with respect to the positions of the elastic wave exciters (2).

3. The device for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway supporting layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: An acceleration sensor is fixedly mounted on the elastic wave exciter (2).

4. The device for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway support layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic wave exciter (2) is specifically a steel hammer with a mass of 2 to 3 kg and a round hammer head.

5. A method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway support layer, applied to the device for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway support layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, moving the mobile platform (8) to the area to be detected; S2, arranging the elastic wave detector (3) on one side of the high-speed rail support layer, and arranging the elastic wave exciter (2) on the opposite side in the transverse direction of the high-speed rail support layer; S3, using the elastic wave exciter (2) to vertically strike the side of the high-speed rail support layer to excite elastic waves, and the elastic wave detector (3) on the opposite side transmits the detected elastic wave velocity response signal to the computer (5) through the data acquisition device (1) for storage, which is recorded as "original group data"; S4, swapping the arrangement of the elastic wave exciter (2) and the elastic wave detector (3), and then using the elastic wave exciter (2) to vertically strike the side of the high-speed rail support layer to excite elastic waves, and the elastic wave detector (3) on the opposite side transmits the detected elastic wave velocity response signal to the computer (5) through the data acquisition device (1) for storage, which is recorded as "swap group data"; S5, the computer (5) processes and analyzes the "original group data" and the "swapped group data" to obtain a cross-image diagram; S6. Based on the elastic wave waveform characteristics in the penetration image, determine the internal structural state of the high-speed railway support layer in the current area to be detected.

6. A method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway support layer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The "original group data" and the "swap group data" both include a plurality of elastic wave velocity signals and corresponding detection channel numbers, wherein the detection channel numbers correspond to the installation positions of the elastic wave exciter (2) and the elastic wave detector (3).

7. A method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway supporting layer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step S5 comprises the following steps: S51. Perform time domain analysis on the "original group data" and the "swapped group data" to obtain a summary waveform of the original group and a summary waveform of the swapped group; S52, inverting the swap group summary waveform group to obtain an inverted waveform graph; S53: Based on the original group summary waveform and the inverted waveform, a through-wave waveform is obtained by processing, and combined with the set color mapping range and contrast, a through-wave image is drawn.

8. A method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway support layer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step S52 specifically involves reversing the waveforms in the swap group summary waveform diagram according to the acquisition time sequence to obtain a reversed waveform diagram.

9. A method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway supporting layer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific process of step S53 is as follows: according to the positions of the excitation and reception elastic waves, each data in the original group summary waveform is added to the corresponding data in the inverted waveform, and the "cross-group data" is obtained after superposition processing; Based on the "cross-through group data", the corresponding multiple waveforms are summarized according to the detection channel number to obtain the "cross-through waveform diagram"; The bicubic interpolation method is used to interpolate the "cross-group data"; Draws a "Cross-through Image" based on the interpolation results of the "Cross-through Waveform" and "Cross-through Group Data," combined with the set color mapping range and contrast.

10. A method for detecting the loose state of the internal structure of a high-speed railway supporting layer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific process of step S6 is as follows: The elastic wave waveform characteristics of the "through-image diagram" are analyzed to identify the internal structural state of the high-speed rail support layer. When the first preset condition is met, it indicates that the support layer is loose; when the second preset condition is met, it indicates that there are oblique cracks in the support layer. The first preset condition is that the waveform signals in the upper and lower parts of the "through-image diagram" both show uneven images extending toward the middle part. The second preset condition is that in the "through image", the waveform signals in the upper and lower parts both show oblique unevenness within the layered image.

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