Fiber winding composite gas cylinder online detection method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a kind of fiber winding composite gas cylinder online detection method, device, equipment and medium, belong to fatigue detection technical field.The method comprises: obtaining the grating sensing signal of target gas cylinder in running process, the grating sensing signal is obtained by FBG sensor buried in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder;According to the grating sensing signal, strain detection signal is extracted;According to the strain detection signal, the predicted damage area of the target gas cylinder is determined;According to the predicted damage area, scanning path is determined, and based on the scanning path, ultrasonic phased array scanning is used to obtain ultrasonic detection data;Based on the predicted damage area, according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, the damage information of the target gas cylinder is determined, and the damage information includes damage position and damage type.The application aims to realize the damage state detection of gas cylinder in running process, and improve the safety of gas cylinder use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fatigue detection technology, and in particular to an online detection method, device, equipment and medium for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, with the rise of the hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen energy has played an important role in the transformation of the energy structure, and hydrogen storage technology is one of the key links in the hydrogen energy industry chain. Currently, composite hydrogen storage cylinders with fiber winding structure are generally used as containers for storing hydrogen energy.

[0003] Fiber-wound composite hydrogen storage cylinders are high-pressure containers that must undergo regular inspection and evaluation to ensure their safety and reliability. Currently, the main inspection methods used are offline methods, including laser scanning, infrared imaging, and high-speed photography. However, because the damage to the fiber-wound structure manifests in multiple failure modes, its damage state exhibits complex nonlinear characteristics under complex interactions. As a result, current offline inspection methods cannot accurately predict the damage state of the cylinder when it is online, i.e., during operation. The insufficient accuracy of offline inspection affects its safety in use.

[0004] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to provide an online detection method, device, equipment, and medium for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, aiming to detect the damage status of gas cylinders during operation and improve the safety of gas cylinder use.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of this application proposes an online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, the method comprising:

[0007] The grating sensing signal of the target gas cylinder during operation is acquired by an FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder.

[0008] The strain detection signal is extracted based on the grating sensing signal;

[0009] The predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder is determined based on the strain detection signal;

[0010] The scanning path is determined based on the predicted damage area, and ultrasonic detection data is obtained by ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path.

[0011] Based on the predicted damage area, the damage information of the target gas cylinder is determined according to the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data. The damage information includes the damage location and damage type.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of determining the predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal includes:

[0013] The strain detection signal is subjected to Fourier transform processing to obtain the corresponding frequency domain signal;

[0014] The strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder are determined based on the high-frequency components of the frequency domain signal;

[0015] The strain detection signal is analyzed by clustering algorithm to determine the region of abnormal strain value, and the stress concentration region is determined based on the region of abnormal strain value and the strain gradient data.

[0016] In response to a sudden change in the strain value of the stress concentration region within a preset time range, the stress concentration region is determined to be the predicted damage region.

[0017] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes:

[0018] Based on the stress concentration region and the strain detection signal, corresponding feature information is determined, including the area of ​​the stress concentration region, the maximum strain value, and the average strain value.

[0019] The feature information is monitored. When the feature information changes over time and the rate of change is greater than a preset rate of change, the damage development status of the corresponding predicted damage area is determined to be developing. The damage information also includes the damage development status.

[0020] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning includes:

[0021] C-scan images are obtained by performing C-scan using the ultrasonic phased array;

[0022] The initial lesion location is determined based on the C-scan image, and the A-scan signal corresponding to the initial lesion location is extracted from the C-scan image. The ultrasound detection data includes the A-scan signal and the C-scan image.

[0023] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes:

[0024] The spectral characteristics of the A-scan signal are obtained by wavelet packet decomposition analysis.

[0025] Access the damage type database and determine the damage type based on the corresponding energy values ​​of each frequency component in the spectral characteristics and the damage type database.

[0026] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data includes:

[0027] By comparing the initial damage location and the predicted damage area, when it is determined that the initial damage location falls within the predicted damage area, the predicted damage area is determined as the damage location.

[0028] In some embodiments, the step of extracting the strain detection signal based on the grating sensing signal includes:

[0029] The strain detection signal is obtained by processing the grating sensing signal through a temperature compensation algorithm, wherein the grating sensing signal includes a mixed temperature component and a strain component, and the temperature compensation algorithm is used to eliminate the temperature component.

[0030] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application provides an online detection device for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, the device comprising:

[0031] A grating sensing module is used to acquire grating sensing signals of the target gas cylinder during operation. The FBG sensor in the grating sensing module is embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder.

[0032] The strain analysis module is used to extract strain detection signals based on the grating sensing signals and determine the predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signals.

[0033] An ultrasonic scanning module is used to determine a scanning path based on the predicted damage area, and to obtain ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path.

[0034] The damage analysis module is used to determine the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the predicted damage area, the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, and the damage information includes the damage location and damage type.

[0035] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described above.

[0036] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the embodiments of this application proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described above.

[0037] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides an online detection method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. This scheme utilizes FBG sensors embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder to collect grating sensing signals during the cylinder's operation. Strain detection signals are extracted from the grating sensing signals, and the predicted damage area is identified based on these signals to preliminarily predict the cylinder's damage state. Then, based on the predicted damage area, a scanning path is determined, and ultrasonic detection data is obtained by scanning along this path using an ultrasonic phased array. Finally, damage information regarding the location and type of damage in the target gas cylinder is determined based on the strain detection signals and / or the ultrasonic detection data. Compared to offline detection methods, this application collects grating sensing signals from the gas cylinder during operation for preliminary strain analysis, and then combines this with ultrasonic phased array analysis for further ultrasonic analysis. By combining detection data from two dimensions, it achieves qualitative and localization of gas cylinder damage with complex nonlinear characteristics, accurately detects the cylinder's damage state, and improves the safety of gas cylinder use. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of step S300 in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a partial flowchart of step S400 in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an online detection device for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0046] In existing technologies, with the rise of new energy technologies, especially the hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen energy has played an important role in the transformation of the energy structure, and hydrogen storage technology is one of the key links in the hydrogen energy industry chain. Type III and Type IV hydrogen storage cylinders are widely used because they adopt a fiber winding structure, which has advantages such as light weight, large volume and high hydrogen storage density per unit mass.

[0047] Fiber-wound composite hydrogen storage cylinders are high-pressure containers that must undergo regular inspection and evaluation to ensure their safety and reliability. Currently, the main inspection methods used are offline methods, including laser scanning, infrared imaging, and high-speed photography. However, due to the fiber-wound structure used in Type III and Type IV cylinders, their damage manifests in multiple failure modes, including matrix cracking, delamination, fiber breakage, and complex interactions between fibers and the matrix. This results in complex nonlinear characteristics in the damage state of Type III and Type IV cylinders. Current offline inspection methods cannot accurately predict their online, i.e., operational, damage state, and the insufficient accuracy of offline inspection affects their safety in use.

[0048] In view of this, this application provides an online detection method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. Figure 1 This is an optional flowchart of an online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 The method may include, but is not limited to, steps S100 to S500.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0050] Step S100: Acquire the grating sensing signal of the target gas cylinder during operation. The grating sensing signal is acquired by the FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder.

[0051] In this embodiment, a method for fatigue and damage detection of fiber-wound composite hydrogen storage cylinders is described. The target cylinder is also of this type. For fiber-wound composite hydrogen storage cylinders, the structural design of its fiber resin composite winding reinforcement layer (i.e., fiber layer) and aluminum alloy inner liner leads to the inadequacy of current online detection methods, hence the need to apply the method of this embodiment.

[0052] To implement the method of this embodiment, refer to Figure 4 The FBG sensor needs to be pre-embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder, meaning that this pre-embedding operation needs to be carried out during the gas cylinder manufacturing process. The FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensor is a fiber Bragg grating sensor, which is formed by changing the refractive index of the fiber core to generate small periodic modulations, and can be used to measure the strain of the structure.

[0053] During the pre-embedding process, the fiber optic protective layer needs to be removed with wire strippers to expose the bare fiber. The bare fiber is then cleaned with an alcohol swab to remove surface dust and contaminants. Next, the fiber is cut using a fiber optic cleaver to ensure a flat end face. The fiber ends are then aligned in a fiber optic fusion splicer, and the splice is heated to achieve fusion. After splicing, the fiber is allowed to cool, and the splice point is protected with heat-shrink tubing. Subsequent heating is then used to achieve a fixation effect. The pre-embedding process needs to be coordinated with the gas cylinder preparation process, i.e., it is carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Because the resin flow during the fiber layer curing and molding stages may cause fiber folding or signal distortion, a sleeve is used to protect the fiber to prevent compression deformation during molding or breakage after lead-out. When the fiber sleeve is cured together with the fiber layer, its tight bonding with the material improves the overall damage resistance. The FBG sensor is fixed to the fiber layer surface using acrylic adhesive, and adjusted to the appropriate measurement direction. The adhesive needs to cure at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure sufficient strength. In addition, the fiber optic cable leading from the prepreg to the demodulator also needs to be protected by a sleeve. The fiber optic cable and its protective sleeve are led out through the through hole left on the surface of the gas cylinder. After leading out, the through hole is sealed to ensure its long-term stability. After installation, the FBG sensor is inspected and tested to ensure that all sensors are operating normally.

[0054] Furthermore, the placement of FBG sensors needs to consider covering vulnerable areas of the gas cylinder, forming an FBG sensor network to improve the efficiency of monitoring both global and local damage. Vulnerable areas include end caps, connection points, and areas under heavy load. The sensor network topology needs to consider the sensor arrangement method, employing different topologies such as linear, tree, or mesh structures, selecting the most suitable layout based on the actual situation. Simultaneously, factors such as transmission distance between sensors, signal attenuation, environmental interference, and redundancy configuration need to be considered to determine the most appropriate FBG sensor network placement method.

[0055] An FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer is connected to a demodulator. During the operation of the target gas cylinder, the grating sensing signal of the target gas cylinder can be obtained based on the FBG sensor network and the demodulator. The grating sensing signal characterizes the strain of the target gas cylinder during operation.

[0056] Step S200: Extract the strain detection signal based on the grating sensing signal;

[0057] The grating sensing signal acquired by the FBG sensor is a time-series data. According to its detection principle, the signal is also a composite signal including both temperature and strain dimensions. For the method of this embodiment, the temperature component is not needed and will affect the accuracy of strain component analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the influence of the temperature component and extract the required strain component to form the strain detection signal, which is also a time-series data.

[0058] Step S300: Determine the predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal;

[0059] The method in this embodiment detects the damage state of the target gas cylinder through preliminary strain analysis and further ultrasonic analysis. In the strain analysis stage, the predicted damage area can be preliminarily predicted based on the strain detection signal. This predicted damage area represents the area where damage may have occurred, as determined from the perspective of strain analysis. Based on this predicted damage area, the processing method for further ultrasonic analysis can be planned. This not only improves the pertinence and efficiency of ultrasonic analysis, but also allows for comparison of the analysis results from both strain analysis and ultrasonic analysis, thus accurately detecting the damage state.

[0060] Step S400: Determine the scanning path based on the predicted damage area, and obtain ultrasonic detection data based on the scanning path through ultrasonic phased array scanning;

[0061] Optionally, the ultrasonic analysis method implemented in this embodiment is performed by an ultrasonic phased array. An ultrasonic phased array is a technology that controls the amplitude and phase of each element in the array antenna to adjust the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves and synthesize radar beams for focused scanning within a certain spatial range. It is usually combined with devices such as encoders, computing terminals and ultrasonic probes.

[0062] Since ultrasonic phased arrays are generally suitable for detecting planar structures, they are difficult to apply to curved or irregular surfaces. The gas cylinder shape targeted in this embodiment falls into this category. Therefore, in this embodiment, the scanning path is planned based on the predicted damage area, which can reduce the difficulty of applying ultrasonic phased arrays. At the same time, the use of arc-shaped guide cables can make the ultrasonic probe make close contact with the curved structure, further reducing the distortion and attenuation of the reflected signal. Based on the planned scanning path, the ultrasonic probe is used to scan the target gas cylinder according to the scanning path to obtain the corresponding ultrasonic detection data.

[0063] Step S500: Based on the predicted damage area, determine the damage information of the target gas cylinder according to the strain detection signal and / or ultrasonic detection data. The damage information includes the damage location and damage type.

[0064] Through the detection steps S200 to S400, preliminary strain detection signals, further ultrasonic detection data, and predicted damage areas where damage may exist are obtained. Since ultrasonic phased arrays are also applicable to the field of structural inspection, the ultrasonic detection data and strain detection signals can be analyzed separately to determine the damage state of the target gas cylinder. The analysis results of the two dimensions and the predicted damage areas are compared to complement and verify each other, thereby determining the damage location and damage type of the target gas cylinder.

[0065] Steps S100 to S500, as illustrated in this embodiment, utilize an FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder to collect its grating sensing signal during operation. Strain detection signals are extracted from the grating sensing signal, and a predicted damage area is identified based on this strain detection signal to preliminarily predict the damage state of the gas cylinder. Then, based on the predicted damage area, a scanning path is determined, and ultrasonic detection data is obtained by scanning along this path using an ultrasonic phased array. Finally, damage information regarding the location and type of damage in the target gas cylinder is determined based on the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data. Compared to offline detection methods, this application collects grating sensing signals from the gas cylinder during operation for preliminary strain analysis, and then combines this with ultrasonic phased array analysis for further ultrasonic analysis. By combining detection data from two dimensions, qualitative and localization of gas cylinder damage with complex nonlinear characteristics can be achieved, accurately detecting the damage state of the gas cylinder and improving the safety of gas cylinder use.

[0066] In some embodiments, step S200 includes:

[0067] The strain detection signal is obtained by processing the grating sensing signal through a temperature compensation algorithm. The grating sensing signal includes a mixture of temperature and strain components, and the temperature compensation algorithm is used to eliminate the temperature component.

[0068] Step S200 includes a preprocessing step for the grating sensing signal, one step of which is to eliminate the temperature component. For the grating sensing signal, the influence of the temperature component causes temperature drift in the signal. By using a preset temperature compensation algorithm to process the grating sensing signal, the coupling between the temperature component and the strain component is decoupled, thereby extracting the pure strain component. Furthermore, this strain component also needs to be preprocessed to convert the wavelength drift data into an equivalent strain value (using...). (in units), forming a strain detection signal composed of strain values ​​generated from a time series.

[0069] By using a temperature compensation algorithm to eliminate the temperature component and extract the strain detection signal, the strain detection signal can accurately characterize the target gas cylinder in the strain dimension, avoiding the influence of temperature drift and improving the accuracy of gas cylinder damage detection.

[0070] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 Step S300 includes:

[0071] Step S310: Perform Fourier transform processing on the strain detection signal to obtain the corresponding frequency domain signal;

[0072] Step S320: Determine the strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder based on the high-frequency components of the frequency domain signal;

[0073] Step S330: Analyze the strain detection signal using a clustering algorithm to determine the region with abnormal strain values, and determine the stress concentration region based on the region with abnormal strain values ​​and strain gradient data;

[0074] Step S340: In response to a sudden change in the strain value of the stress concentration region within a preset time range, the stress concentration region is determined as the predicted damage region.

[0075] The strain detection signal is a time-series data, equivalent to a time-domain signal. However, for strain dimension analysis, it is necessary to combine it with the frequency-domain signal. Therefore, the strain detection signal is subjected to Fourier transform processing to convert it into the corresponding frequency-domain signal. Before performing frequency-domain signal analysis, data preprocessing is performed. Specifically, a bandpass filter from 1Hz to 500Hz is used to filter out noise and static drift in the frequency-domain signal, and principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the frequency components, thereby improving the accuracy of the frequency-domain signal.

[0076] The obtained frequency domain signal can be analyzed from multiple perspectives.

[0077] A frequency with a relatively obvious amplitude can reflect the periodic changes of the signal.

[0078] Based on the specific frequency, the components can be divided into low-frequency components (frequency less than 10Hz), mid-frequency components (frequency from 10Hz to 50Hz), and high-frequency components (frequency greater than 50Hz). In other embodiments, the standard for this division can also be set to other frequencies according to the actual situation. The low-frequency components can reflect the static strain distribution of the gas cylinder, the mid-frequency components can reflect the strain changes of the gas cylinder under dynamic load, and the high-frequency components can reflect local damage and abrupt changes.

[0079] In addition, bandwidth represents the frequency range where energy is concentrated in the spectrum, which can reflect the complexity of the signal; spectral energy distribution represents the energy proportion of various frequency components, which can help identify the main energy source of the signal; and peak frequency is the frequency with the largest amplitude in the spectrum, which may correspond to the main strain or deformation mode.

[0080] Even though the various spectrum-related parameters mentioned above are not directly related to the damage, they can still help staff better understand the damage status of the target gas cylinder. Therefore, they can all be extracted and output as auxiliary reference data for analysis.

[0081] Among them, high-frequency components are related to local damage and abrupt changes, and can also reflect strain gradients. Therefore, based on the quotient of the amplitude difference of high-frequency components between adjacent nodes (each FBG sensor represents a node) and the spatial distance between adjacent nodes, the strain gradient of all nodes can be calculated. Data between nodes can be supplemented by spatial interpolation to form the strain gradient data. This strain gradient data can be output in image form using visualization tools such as heat maps or contour maps, so that staff can intuitively observe the distribution pattern of the strain gradient.

[0082] In addition, strain values ​​can be analyzed in conjunction with strain detection signals. Strain detection signals can be analyzed using clustering algorithms such as K-means or DBSCAN to identify abnormal strain values, i.e., abnormal areas where strain values ​​are significantly higher than those of the surrounding area. Then, by comparing the abnormal strain value areas with strain gradient data, the matching stress concentration areas can be determined. These stress concentration areas actually represent the areas where the target gas cylinder is prone to damage.

[0083] For the stress concentration area, the strain value of the area is further analyzed, and the strain detection signal of the stress concentration area within a preset time range is analyzed. The preset time range is set to 1 hour or 2 hours before the current time. It is determined whether the stress concentration area has experienced a sudden change in strain value within the preset time range. For example, if the change in strain value exceeds a preset range, it represents a sudden change in strain value. When a sudden change in strain value is determined, it is determined that strain damage may have occurred in the stress concentration area, and the area is identified as a predicted damage area, and subsequent step S400 is executed. When it is determined that no sudden change in strain value has occurred, it is determined that strain damage has not yet occurred in the stress concentration area, and step S400 can be omitted, but continuous monitoring is still required.

[0084] By combining frequency domain analysis, strain gradient analysis, and strain value analysis, the predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder can be determined from multiple perspectives in the strain dimension. This ensures that the predicted damage area covers the area where actual damage occurs as much as possible, improving the accuracy of strain analysis and thus improving the accuracy of gas cylinder damage state detection.

[0085] Optionally, based on the determined predicted damage area, considering the distribution of the predicted damage area on the gas cylinder and the number of predicted damage areas, a scanning path is planned so that the scanning path can facilitate the scanning of the ultrasonic probe while also fully scanning the required ultrasonic detection data, ensuring the efficiency and accuracy of ultrasonic analysis.

[0086] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 The step S400, which involves obtaining ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning, includes:

[0087] Step S410: Perform C-scan using an ultrasonic phased array to obtain a C-scan image;

[0088] Step S420: Determine the initial lesion location based on the C-scan image, and extract the A-scan signal corresponding to the initial lesion location from the C-scan image. The ultrasound detection data includes the A-scan signal and the C-scan image.

[0089] Ultrasonic phased arrays can perform multiple scanning modes, and the data types obtained under different scanning modes are also different. In this embodiment, C-scan and A-scan are used. C-scan is a two-dimensional planar imaging mode that can detect the distribution of defects in a material at a specific depth plane. A-scan is a one-dimensional waveform diagram of the echo signal of a single ultrasonic beam at a single detection position changing with time or depth. That is, C-scan is for two-dimensional images, and A-scan is for one-dimensional images.

[0090] In this embodiment, when scanning along the scanning path using an ultrasonic phased array, a C-scan is first performed to obtain a two-dimensional C-scan image. This image can be visualized using imaging analysis software such as Mentor PC. The initial damage location is identified based on the signal reflection intensity distribution in the C-scan image, which is the initial location where the damage occurred. For this initial damage location, the corresponding A-scan signal is extracted from the C-scan image. Further spectral analysis is performed on the ultrasonic detection data, including the C-scan image and the A-scan signal, to determine the specific damage state.

[0091] It should be noted that the initial damage location does not refer to the actual location where damage has occurred, but only to the location where damage first appeared. Since damage can develop and expand, affecting more areas, the two concepts are not equivalent.

[0092] By utilizing the C-scan images and A-scan signals of an ultrasonic phased array, detection data are extracted from two-dimensional and one-dimensional perspectives to identify potential damage locations, supporting subsequent spectral analysis and improving the accuracy of ultrasonic analysis.

[0093] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on strain detection signals and / or ultrasonic detection data in step S500 includes:

[0094] The spectral characteristics of the A-scan signal are obtained by wavelet packet decomposition analysis.

[0095] Access the damage type database and determine the damage type based on the corresponding energy values ​​of each frequency component in the spectral characteristics and the damage type database.

[0096] The ultrasonic detection data obtained based on the above embodiments can be used alone for damage state analysis. Using the A-scan signal, the A-scan signal is first normalized to unify its amplitude range. Then, according to the signal characteristics and actual needs, an appropriate wavelet basis function is selected, such as the Daubechies wavelet or Symlet wavelet. Based on the frequency characteristics of the signal, the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers is determined. Based on the determined wavelet basis function and the number of wavelet packet decomposition layers, the A-scan signal is decomposed into wavelet packets to obtain the signal coefficients of each frequency band. Then, the signal energy of each frequency band is calculated based on the coefficients. The signal energy distribution of each frequency band is the spectral feature described in this embodiment.

[0097] Access the damage type database, which stores the frequency bands and energy thresholds corresponding to various damage types. This database can be used as a standard to determine whether the corresponding damage type exists. By comparing the energy values ​​of each frequency component in the spectral characteristics with the frequency bands and energy thresholds of various damage types in the damage type database, the damage type that matches the comparison is determined, and the damage type that matches the comparison is identified as the damage type that appears at the initial damage location.

[0098] By using wavelet packet decomposition and database analysis in the ultrasonic analysis dimension, the damage type of the gas cylinder can be determined, thus achieving qualitative analysis of the damage state. This enables online detection of gas cylinder damage, facilitating appropriate responses from staff and improving the safety of hydrogen storage cylinder use.

[0099] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on strain detection signals and / or ultrasonic detection data in step S500 further includes:

[0100] By comparing the initial damage location with the predicted damage area, the predicted damage area is determined as the damage location when the initial damage location falls within the predicted damage area.

[0101] Since the scanning path is not entirely equivalent to the predicted damage area, the initial damage location obtained from the C-scan image analysis may not necessarily fall within the predicted damage area. Registration is required to determine whether the initial damage location falls within the predicted damage area. If it does, the predicted damage area can be identified as the damage location, further supplementing the damage information in the detection results. If it does not, it indicates a conflict between the ultrasonic analysis and strain analysis results. The strain at the initial damage location can be re-analyzed to determine if the strain analysis is incorrect, leading to an incorrect division of the predicted damage area. An alarm can be issued to staff, who can then manually determine the actual location of the damage by observing the strain gradient data image.

[0102] By comparing the initial damage location with the predicted damage area, the accuracy of the determined damage location is improved. Simultaneously, the damage location is also used to correlate the analysis results from both strain analysis and ultrasonic analysis, thus improving the accuracy of this embodiment in using strain analysis and ultrasonic analysis to collaboratively detect the damage state of the gas cylinder.

[0103] In some embodiments, the step of determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on strain detection signals and / or ultrasonic detection data in step S500 further includes:

[0104] Based on the stress concentration region and strain detection signal, the corresponding characteristic information is determined. The characteristic information includes the area of ​​the stress concentration region, the maximum strain value, and the average strain value.

[0105] The system monitors feature information. When the feature information changes over time and the rate of change is greater than the preset rate of change, the damage development status of the corresponding predicted damage area is determined to be developing. The damage information also includes the damage development status.

[0106] Based on the strain detection signal and stress concentration region obtained in the above embodiments, in step S500, further damage state analysis can be performed from the strain dimension. Specifically, the area of ​​the stress concentration region, the maximum strain value, and the average strain value are calculated based on the stress concentration region and the strain detection signal. The area, maximum strain value, and average strain value are used as feature information reflecting the current state of the stress concentration region. In other embodiments, the feature information may also include other data such as strain gradient.

[0107] The data in the feature information are monitored. Since the strain detection signal itself is time series data, it changes over time. If the strain condition of the stress concentration area changes, the data in the feature information will also change accordingly. The rate of change of the feature information is determined. This rate of change can be the average rate of change of each data item in the feature information, or the rate of change of any data item. Because the strain damage of the gas cylinder cannot repair itself over time without external intervention, when the rate of change is greater than the preset rate of change, it can be determined that the damaged area has occurred, that is, the damage in the corresponding predicted damage area is deteriorating or expanding, and the damage development state is determined to be developing. When the rate of change remains less than or equal to the preset rate of change, it can be determined that the damage development state is not developing.

[0108] By calculating feature information and monitoring its rate of change, the damage development state of the gas cylinder can be determined. This allows for the addition of relevant information about the damage development state to the damage data, increasing the dimensionality of the damage detection results. Furthermore, the parameters in the feature information can themselves characterize the degree of damage development at that location. Therefore, in addition to determining the damage development state, the parameters of the feature information can also serve as data references in the damage data output, enabling quantitative detection of the damage and facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of the gas cylinder's damage status by staff.

[0109] As described in the foregoing embodiments, the peak frequency in the frequency domain signal of the strain detection signal may correspond to the main strain or deformation mode. Therefore, in some embodiments, the peak frequency of the frequency domain signal can be analyzed in conjunction with the peak frequency and the local deformation database to identify the deformation type in the target gas cylinder, such as lateral deformation or torsional deformation. Then, by comparing the strain distribution of the target gas cylinder under different load conditions, the area where local deformation occurs can be identified, thereby determining the local deformation type and the local deformation area, further increasing the dimension of the damage information.

[0110] The following is a detailed description and explanation of the solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, using specific application examples:

[0111] This application provides an online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. The method utilizes an FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder to collect grating sensing signals during the cylinder's operation. The grating sensing signals are then processed using a temperature compensation algorithm to eliminate the temperature component, and the remaining strain component is used to determine the strain detection signal.

[0112] The strain detection signal is processed by Fourier transform to obtain the corresponding frequency domain signal. The strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder is determined based on the high-frequency components in the frequency domain signal. The strain detection signal is analyzed by clustering algorithm to identify regions with abnormal strain values. Based on the regions with abnormal strain values ​​and the strain gradient data, stress concentration regions are identified. The strain value of the stress concentration region is detected within a preset time range. When it is determined that the strain value has undergone a sudden change, the stress concentration region is identified as the predicted damage region.

[0113] Based on the determined predicted damage area, a scanning path is established. Along this path, a C-scan is performed using an ultrasonic phased array to obtain a C-scan image. The initial damage location is determined from the C-scan image, and the corresponding A-scan signal is extracted from the C-scan image. The A-scan signal is then analyzed using wavelet packet decomposition to obtain its spectral characteristics. A damage type database is accessed, and the damage type is determined based on the corresponding energy values ​​of each frequency component in the spectral characteristics and the damage type database.

[0114] By comparing the initial damage location with the predicted damage area, when it is determined that the initial damage location falls within the predicted damage area, the predicted damage area is determined as the damage location in the damage information.

[0115] In addition, the area, maximum strain value, and average strain value of the stress concentration area are determined based on the stress concentration area and strain detection signal. These three data are defined as feature information. The feature information is monitored. When the feature information changes over time and the rate of change is greater than the preset rate of change, the damage development status of the corresponding predicted damage area is determined to be developing, so that the damage information further includes relevant information on the damage development status.

[0116] Please see Figure 5 This application also provides an online detection device for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, which can realize the above-mentioned online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. The device includes:

[0117] A grating sensing module is used to acquire grating sensing signals of the target gas cylinder during operation. The FBG sensor in the grating sensing module is embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder.

[0118] The strain analysis module is used to extract strain detection signals based on the grating sensing signals and determine the predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signals.

[0119] An ultrasonic scanning module is used to determine a scanning path based on the predicted damage area, and to obtain ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path.

[0120] The damage analysis module is used to determine the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the predicted damage area, the strain detection signal and / or the ultrasonic detection data, and the damage information includes the damage location and damage type.

[0121] Among them, reference Figure 4 The grating sensing module includes devices such as FBG sensors and demodulators, while the ultrasonic scanning module includes devices such as encoders, computing terminals, and ultrasonic probes.

[0122] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to the present device embodiments. The specific functions implemented by the present device embodiments are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0123] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders. This electronic device can be any smart terminal, including tablet computers, vehicle-mounted computers, etc.

[0124] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this device embodiment. The specific functions implemented by this device embodiment are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0125] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 The hardware structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment is illustrated. The electronic device includes:

[0126] The processor 901 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0127] The memory 902 can be implemented as a read-only memory (ROM), static storage device, dynamic storage device, or random access memory (RAM). The memory 902 can store the operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 902 and called by the processor 901 to execute the online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders according to the embodiments of this application.

[0128] The input / output interface 903 is used to implement information input and output;

[0129] The communication interface 904 is used to enable communication and interaction between this device and other devices. Communication can be achieved through wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0130] Bus 905 transmits information between various components of the device (e.g., processor 901, memory 902, input / output interface 903, and communication interface 904);

[0131] The processor 901, memory 902, input / output interface 903, and communication interface 904 are connected to each other within the device via bus 905.

[0132] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described sensor arrangement method based on indoor area dimensions.

[0133] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this storage medium embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this storage medium embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0134] Memory, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer-executable programs. Furthermore, memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, memory may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0135] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0136] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, as well as the functional modules / units in the systems and devices, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0137] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0138] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0139] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0140] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0141] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0142] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes multiple instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing programs, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0143] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An online detection method for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, characterized in that, The method includes: The grating sensing signal of the target gas cylinder during operation is acquired by an FBG sensor embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder. The strain detection signal is extracted based on the grating sensing signal; The predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder is determined based on the strain detection signal; The scanning path is determined based on the predicted damage area, and ultrasonic detection data is obtained by ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path. Based on the predicted damage area, the damage information of the target gas cylinder is determined according to the strain detection signal or the ultrasonic detection data, and the damage information includes the damage location and damage type. The step of determining the predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal includes: The strain detection signal is subjected to Fourier transform processing to obtain the corresponding frequency domain signal; The strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder are determined based on the high-frequency components of the frequency domain signal; The strain detection signal is analyzed by clustering algorithm to determine the region of abnormal strain value, and the stress concentration region is determined based on the region of abnormal strain value and the strain gradient data. In response to a sudden change in the strain value of the stress concentration region within a preset time range, the stress concentration region is determined to be the predicted damage region. The steps for determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal include: Based on the stress concentration region and the strain detection signal, corresponding feature information is determined, including the area of ​​the stress concentration region, the maximum strain value, and the average strain value. The feature information is monitored. When the feature information changes over time and the rate of change is greater than a preset rate of change, the damage development status of the corresponding predicted damage area is determined to be developing. The damage information also includes the damage development status.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning includes: C-scan images are obtained by performing C-scan using the ultrasonic phased array; The initial lesion location is determined based on the C-scan image, and the A-scan signal corresponding to the initial lesion location is extracted from the C-scan image. The ultrasound detection data includes the A-scan signal and the C-scan image.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the ultrasonic detection data include: The spectral characteristics of the A-scan signal are obtained by wavelet packet decomposition analysis. Access the damage type database and determine the damage type based on the corresponding energy values ​​of each frequency component in the spectral characteristics and the damage type database.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the ultrasonic detection data include: By comparing the initial damage location and the predicted damage area, when it is determined that the initial damage location falls within the predicted damage area, the predicted damage area is determined as the damage location.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of extracting the strain detection signal based on the grating sensing signal includes: The strain detection signal is obtained by processing the grating sensing signal through a temperature compensation algorithm, wherein the grating sensing signal includes a mixed temperature component and a strain component, and the temperature compensation algorithm is used to eliminate the temperature component.

6. An online detection device for fiber-wound composite gas cylinders, characterized in that, The device includes: A grating sensing module is used to acquire grating sensing signals of the target gas cylinder during operation. The FBG sensor in the grating sensing module is embedded in the fiber layer of the target gas cylinder. The strain analysis module is used to extract strain detection signals based on the grating sensing signals and determine the predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signals. An ultrasonic scanning module is used to determine a scanning path based on the predicted damage area, and to obtain ultrasonic detection data through ultrasonic phased array scanning based on the scanning path. The damage analysis module is used to determine the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the predicted damage area and according to the strain detection signal or the ultrasonic detection data. The damage information includes the damage location and damage type. The step of determining the predicted damage area of ​​the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal includes: The strain detection signal is subjected to Fourier transform processing to obtain the corresponding frequency domain signal; The strain gradient data of the target gas cylinder are determined based on the high-frequency components of the frequency domain signal; The strain detection signal is analyzed by clustering algorithm to determine the region of abnormal strain value, and the stress concentration region is determined based on the region of abnormal strain value and the strain gradient data. In response to a sudden change in the strain value of the stress concentration region within a preset time range, the stress concentration region is determined to be the predicted damage region. The steps for determining the damage information of the target gas cylinder based on the strain detection signal include: Based on the stress concentration region and the strain detection signal, corresponding feature information is determined, including the area of ​​the stress concentration region, the maximum strain value, and the average strain value. The feature information is monitored. When the feature information changes over time and the rate of change is greater than a preset rate of change, the damage development status of the corresponding predicted damage area is determined to be developing. The damage information also includes the damage development status.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

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