Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, design method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic pulse radiation simulation, in particular to a Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator and a design method and application thereof. The Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator comprises a pulse source, and a bounded wave simulation antenna and a load which are connected with the pulse source in sequence; the bounded wave simulation antenna is a plurality of metal wires which are connected in parallel, and comprises a simulator front cone section, a distributed load connecting piece and a Split type tail end bifurcated structure which are sequentially connected with a pulse source; and the load is connected to the tail end of the Split type tail end bifurcated structure. A parallel section of a traditional simulator is omitted, a tail end matched load adopts a Split type tail end bifurcated structure, high-frequency and low-frequency reflection of electromagnetic waves propagating in the simulator is effectively reduced, high-frequency response of the simulator is improved, the high-frequency upper limit of the simulator is improved, distortion of the tail end reflection to a working space electric field waveform trailing edge is basically eliminated, and the stability of the simulator is improved. The problems that in the prior art, a bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator is insufficient in high-frequency response and tail end reflection causes work space electric field waveform distortion and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic pulse radiation simulation, and in particular to a split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, a design method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-power ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses (HPPs) are a type of transient electromagnetic radiation technology with extremely high peak power and ultra-wide spectral bandwidth. Their pulse widths typically range from sub-nanoseconds to picoseconds, covering the GHz frequency range, and peak powers can reach gigawatts (GW). They can release enormous amounts of energy in a very short period of time, generating strong electromagnetic pulses that span multiple frequency bands. Due to their high peak field strength, wide spectrum, high energy, and wide coverage area, they can cause severe interference and damage to electronic and electrical systems. Given the potential damage and impact on electronic and control equipment within power and communications systems, the electromagnetic safety of electrical and electronic equipment is receiving increasing attention. Currently, a common approach is to use electromagnetic pulse simulators to simulate strong electromagnetic pulse radiation environments and conduct research on their effects and protection. Bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulators are the most commonly used type of electromagnetic pulse simulator due to their uniform field strength distribution within the workspace and their high accuracy in reproducing the pulse source waveform.

[0003] See also Figure 1 The existing bounded wave simulator structure mainly includes a pulse source and several bounded wave simulation antennas connected to it. The bounded wave simulation antenna includes a front cone section, a parallel section, a rear cone section, and a matching load connected to the rear cone section in sequence with the pulse source. There are two main technical problems: 1) The high-frequency response characteristics of large-scale bounded wave simulators are insufficient, resulting in the pulse front of the working space electric field waveform being difficult to meet the requirements of the ns-level pulse front. In addition, with the development of pulse power technology, the pulse front of the intentional electromagnetic interference signal is getting faster and faster, reaching the sub-ns level. The existing bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator is far from meeting its requirements for high-frequency response; 2) The reflection caused by the sudden change in the terminal structure of the existing bounded wave simulator is often superimposed on the trailing edge of the working space electric field shape, causing waveform distortion, affecting the simulator's restoration of the pulse source waveform, and leading to deviations in effect experiments and protection requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems of insufficient high-frequency response and end reflection causing distortion of the electric field waveform in the working space in the bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator in the prior art, the present invention provides a split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, a design method and an application.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, comprising a pulse source and a bounded wave simulation antenna and a load connected thereto in sequence; The bounded wave simulation antenna is a plurality of parallel metal wires, including a simulator front cone section, a distributed load connecting piece and a split-type end bifurcation structure connected to the pulse source in sequence; The load is connected to the end of the Split-type bifurcated structure.

[0006] Optionally, the distributed load connecting piece is connected to the front cone section of the simulator via an arc gradient connecting section.

[0007] Optionally, the relationship between the structure of the front cone section of the simulator and the input impedance of the simulator satisfies:

[0008] in, is the simulator input impedance; is the width of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section of the simulator; It is the height of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section of the simulator.

[0009] Optionally, the TEM mode current density of the Split type end bifurcated structure and the Split type end bifurcated structure The relationship satisfies:

[0010] in, is the normalization factor; It is half of the width of the electrode plate on the Split end bifurcated structure; a point on the central axis of the simulator plane projection is used as the coordinate origin, the simulator height direction is used as the z-axis, the pulse source central axis direction is used as the y-axis, and the simulator width direction is used as the x-axis to establish a rectangular coordinate system. For The corresponding x-axis coordinate.

[0011] Optionally, the upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure is divided into N equal parts along the width direction, and a resistor chain with the same resistance value is connected to the upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure corresponding to each part. Then the current of the upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure corresponding to each part is The relationship with the Split-type terminal bifurcation structure is:

[0012] in, is the total current; The coordinate value of the starting point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure on the x-axis, is the coordinate value of the end point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure on the x-axis; According to the number of load groups i, the N resistor chains are divided into i bundles, and each bundle is connected to a load to achieve impedance matching.

[0013] Optionally, the number of groups of the loads is 2, and the distance between the two groups of loads is 1.5 to 2.0 times the width of the end of the front cone section of the simulator.

[0014] The present invention also provides a design method for the above-mentioned Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, comprising: Obtaining the input impedance of the simulator and the impedance matching of the load, wherein the number of load groups and the matching impedance value of each load group; According to the input impedance of the simulator, the front cone section of the simulator is constructed; According to the impedance matching of the load, a Split-type end bifurcated structure is constructed; The constructed Split-type end bifurcated structure and the front cone section of the simulator are connected through a distributed load connecting piece to complete the construction of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator.

[0015] Optionally, the method for constructing the front cone section of the simulator according to the input impedance of the simulator is: According to the input impedance of the simulator, the structural parameters of the front cone section of the simulator are obtained:

[0016] in, is the simulator input impedance; is the width of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section of the simulator; is the height of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section of the simulator; According to the structural parameters of the simulator's front cone section, the simulator's front cone section is constructed.

[0017] Optionally, the method for constructing a Split-type end bifurcated structure according to the impedance matching condition of the load is: A rectangular coordinate system is established with a point on the central axis of the simulator plane projection as the coordinate origin, the simulator height direction as the z-axis, the pulse source central axis direction as the y-axis, and the simulator width direction as the x-axis; The Split-type end-forked structure and the TEM mode current density on the Split-type end-forked structure The relationship satisfies:

[0018] in, is the normalization factor; It is half the width of the upper plate of the Split type end bifurcated structure; For The corresponding x-axis coordinate; The upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure is divided into N equal parts along the width direction. The upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure corresponding to each part is connected to a resistor chain with the same resistance value. Then the current corresponding to the upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure is The relationship with the Split-type terminal bifurcation structure is:

[0019] in, is the total current; The coordinate value of the starting point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure on the x-axis, is the coordinate value of the end point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure on the x-axis; Assume the number of load groups is i, and the matching impedance value of each load group is Z. Divide the N resistor chains into i bundles, so that the equivalent impedance of each bundle must be matched to the impedance of the load, and obtain the resistance value of each resistor chain connected by the split-end bifurcated structure. The Split-type end-forked structure is constructed according to the resistance value of the resistor chain connected to each Split-type end-forked structure and the number of equal divisions of the upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure along the width direction.

[0020] For example, the application of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator mentioned above in the simulation of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses at the ns or sub-ns level.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator comprising a pulse source and a bounded wave simulation antenna and a load connected thereto in sequence; the bounded wave simulation antenna is a plurality of parallel metal wires, comprising a simulator front cone section connected to the pulse source in sequence, a distributed load connecting piece and a split-type terminal bifurcation structure; the load is connected to the end of the split-type terminal bifurcation structure. The Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator eliminates the parallel section of the traditional simulator and adopts a Split-type end bifurcation structure to directly connect the distributed load, transferring the field distribution function of the traditional parallel section to the impedance matching design of the bifurcation structure, avoiding the reflection caused by the two turning positions at the connection between the front and rear cone sections and the parallel plate section, thereby effectively reducing the high-frequency and low-frequency reflections of the electromagnetic waves propagating in the simulator, improving the high-frequency response of the simulator, and increasing its high-frequency upper limit, basically eliminating the distortion of the end reflection on the trailing edge of the electric field waveform in the working space. At the same time, the Split-type end bifurcation structure avoids the reflection caused by the traditional wire grid closed structure, so that the high-frequency component of the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the free space through the split structure of the Split-type end bifurcation structure, thereby avoiding end reflection and further realizing high-frequency matching, so that the designed new Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator can be used for the simulation of nanosecond-level ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses, as well as for the simulation of sub-nanometer-level ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses. The boundary wave electromagnetic pulse simulator has a simple structure. Through modular design, the simulator's front cone section, distributed load connecting piece and Split-type terminal bifurcation structure are arranged in series, making the overall structure more compact and easy to install and adjust.

[0022] The distributed load connecting piece is connected to the front cone section of the simulator through an arc gradient connecting section. The direct connection between the front cone section and the load connecting piece may cause impedance mismatch due to geometric shape mutation, which may cause signal reflection and standing waves. The setting of the arc gradient connecting section can make the width and height of the transmission line cross section gradually change, avoiding step-like jumps in impedance, thereby reducing the reflection coefficient and voltage standing wave ratio; in addition, the arc gradient connecting section can more effectively maintain the transverse electromagnetic wave (TEM) mode in the high frequency band (such as nanosecond pulses), reduce mode conversion caused by geometric mutations, and ensure the fidelity of the pulse waveform.

[0023] The relationship between the structure of the front cone section of the simulator and the input impedance of the simulator satisfies:

[0024] As a part of the transmission line, the input impedance of the simulator's front cone section is directly determined by its geometric shape. Changes in width or height will cause changes in input impedance. Therefore, during the design process, it is necessary to design a suitable simulator's front cone section gradient structure based on the simulator's input impedance, so that the input impedance changes continuously from the pulse source end to the load end, and achieves matching with the pulse source impedance and subsequent Split-type structure, thereby reducing the voltage standing wave ratio, avoiding pulse waveform oscillation and tailing caused by impedance mutation, improving waveform fidelity, and ensuring the spatial uniformity of the transverse electromagnetic field. The simulator's workspace and simulator site size requirements can be adjusted to adjust the opening angle of the simulator's front cone section and the cone angle of the upper plate to flexibly adapt to different scenarios.

[0025] For the connection method of the matching load, the skin effect of the upper plate of the simulator is taken into consideration, and a distributed load loading method is adopted to achieve a gradual change from distributed current to concentrated current, reducing the reflection caused by structural mutation.

[0026] The loads are grouped in two groups, and the distance between the two groups is 1.5 to 2.0 times the width of the end of the simulator's front cone section. Dividing the loads into two groups and placing them symmetrically balances the current distribution in the split-type end-forked structure, avoiding overloading on one side. By matching the impedance of the two groups of loads in parallel, the total input impedance matches the impedance of the simulator's front cone section and the pulse source, reducing reflection losses. The load spacing is set at 1.5 to 2.0 times the width of the end of the front cone section, which prevents strong electromagnetic coupling (such as mutual inductance) caused by the close proximity of the two groups of loads and prevents field distribution distortion caused by excessive spacing.

[0027] The present invention also provides a design method for a Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator as described above. The method obtains the input impedance of the simulator and the impedance matching of the load, and constructs a front cone section of the simulator and a Split-type terminal bifurcation structure according to the input impedance of the simulator and the impedance matching of the load; the constructed Split-type terminal bifurcation structure and the front cone section of the simulator are connected through a distributed load connecting piece to complete the construction of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator. This method achieves full-link impedance matching from the pulse source to the load through the dynamic adaptation design of the dynamic impedance, the front cone section of the simulator, and the Split-type terminal bifurcation structure, ensuring continuous impedance changes during the transmission of electromagnetic waves, optimizing the spatial expansion of the transverse electromagnetic field, reducing field distortion caused by edge effects, suppressing local current concentration, and ensuring the uniformity of field distribution. The designed Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator supports the transmission of ultra-wideband pulses from nanosecond to sub-nanosecond levels, with a frequency coverage range extended to the GHz level, reducing the radiation loss of high-frequency signals, and meeting the needs of synchronous testing of multiple devices in complex electromagnetic environments. This method provides a systematic solution for the design and optimization of high-performance bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulators, and is particularly suitable for fields such as aerospace, military equipment, and other fields with strict requirements on field distribution accuracy and waveform quality.

[0028] For example, the aforementioned split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator is used in ns or sub-ns electromagnetic pulse simulation. ns-level electromagnetic pulse simulation features extremely fast rise times (ns) and wide frequency spectrums (MHz to GHz), placing stringent demands on the simulator's field uniformity, waveform fidelity, and high-voltage tolerance. The present invention's split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator has excellent broadband response and high field strength stability, capable of covering a wide frequency spectrum (DC to several GHz), reducing high-frequency signal attenuation and distortion, and ensuring pulse spectrum integrity. Sub-ns-level ultra-wideband pulses require the simulator to have a sub-nanosecond rise time (<1ns). The present invention's split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator can reduce system equivalent inductance, suppress high-frequency oscillations, and ensure a steep pulse rise edge (up to 200ps), meeting sub-ns time resolution requirements. Through full-link impedance matching between the front cone section and the split structure, waveform reflections and oscillations caused by impedance mutations can be effectively reduced, ensuring that the tail amplitude of a single-cycle pulse waveform is reduced to less than 10%, supporting the precise propagation of sub-ns pulses. Therefore, the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator of the present invention can accurately reproduce ns-level and sub-ns-level signal characteristics with its wide-band response and high field strength stability, meet the needs of high-precision testing, and provide an efficient and reliable testing platform for equipment anti-interference evaluation and high-power microwave effect research in complex electromagnetic environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1This is a structural diagram of an existing bounded wave electric field pulse simulator.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 These are the simulated side view and top view of a Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator of the present invention; wherein, a is the side view and b is the top view.

[0032] Figure 4 This is an enlarged structural diagram of the arc gradient connection section of a Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of a Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a voltage standing wave ratio curve of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the excitation voltage waveform of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a working space electric field waveform diagram of a Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a simulation diagram of the working space electric field probe setting of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Among them, 1-pulse source, 2-simulator front cone section, 3-distributed load connecting piece, 4-Split type end bifurcation structure, 5-load, 6-arc gradient connecting section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0040] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," etc. appear, the orientation or positional relationship indicated is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are merely for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0045] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0046] Reference Figure 1, the traditional bounded wave simulator structure mainly includes a pulse source and several bounded wave simulation antennas connected thereto, and the bounded wave simulation antenna includes a front cone section, a parallel section, a rear cone section and a matching load connected to the rear cone section in sequence with the pulse source. There are two main technical problems: 1) The high-frequency response characteristics of large-scale bounded wave simulators are insufficient, resulting in the pulse front of the working space electric field waveform being difficult to meet the requirements of the ns level or even the sub-ns level pulse front. In addition, with the development of pulse power technology, the pulse front of the intentional electromagnetic interference signal is getting faster and faster, reaching the sub-ns level. The existing bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulators are far from meeting the requirements of high-frequency response; 2) The reflection caused by the sudden change of the terminal structure of the existing bounded wave simulators is often superimposed on the trailing edge of the working space electric field shape, causing waveform distortion, affecting the simulator's restoration of the pulse source waveform, and resulting in deviations in effect experiments and protection requirements. To solve the above problems, see Figures 2 to 4 The present invention provides a Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, comprising a pulse source 1 and a bounded wave simulation antenna and a load 5 connected thereto in sequence; The bounded wave simulation antenna is a plurality of parallel metal wires, including a simulator front cone section 2, an arc gradient connecting section 6, a distributed load connecting piece 3 and a split-type end bifurcation structure 4 connected in sequence to a pulse source 1; The load 5 is connected to the end of the Split-type end bifurcated structure 4 and is grounded.

[0047] Since the cross section of the simulator is a parallel flat-plate transmission line, the relationship between the structure of the simulator front cone section 2 and the simulator input impedance satisfies:

[0048] in, is the simulator input impedance; is the width of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section 2 of the simulator; It is the height of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section 2 of the simulator.

[0049] The simulator adopts a split type distributed load loading method, and the TEM mode current density on the split type end bifurcation structure 4 and the split type end bifurcation structure 4 is The relationship satisfies:

[0050] in, is the normalization factor; It is half the width of the upper plate of the Split type end bifurcated structure 4; a point on the central axis of the simulator plane projection is used as the coordinate origin, the simulator height direction is used as the z-axis, the pulse source 1 central axis direction is used as the y-axis, and the simulator width direction is used as the x-axis to establish a rectangular coordinate system. For The corresponding x-axis coordinate.

[0051] The upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure 4 is divided into N equal parts along the width direction. The upper plate of each Split-type end-forked structure 4 is connected to a resistor chain with the same resistance value. Then the current of each upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure 4 is The relationship with the Split type terminal bifurcation structure 4 is:

[0052] in, is the total current; The coordinate value of the starting point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure 4 on the x-axis, is the coordinate value of the end point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure 4 on the x-axis; According to the number i of groups of loads 5, the N resistor chains are divided into i bundles, and each bundle is connected to a corresponding load 5 to achieve impedance matching; preferably, the number of groups of loads 5 is 2, and the distance between the two groups of loads 5 is 1.5 to 2.0 times the width of the end of the front cone section 2 of the simulator.

[0053] By eliminating the parallel sections of conventional simulators, adopting a split open structure for the end-matching load, and implementing a gradual structural transition at the transition points between the front and rear cone sections, along with a distributed loading method for the matching load, this design effectively reduces high- and low-frequency reflections of electromagnetic waves propagating through the simulator, improving the simulator's high-frequency response and raising its high-frequency upper limit. This approach also essentially eliminates the distortion of the trailing edge of the workspace electric field waveform caused by end-reflections. This allows the design of this new split-type bounded-wave electromagnetic pulse simulator to be used for both nanosecond-level electromagnetic pulse simulations and ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses with sub-nanometer frontiers.

[0054] The present invention also provides a design method for the above-mentioned Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, comprising: S1: Obtain the input impedance of the simulator and the impedance matching of the load 5, wherein the number of groups of the load 5 and the matching impedance value of each group of load 5; S2: Based on the input impedance of the simulator, construct the simulator front cone section 2, specifically: According to the input impedance of the simulator, the structural parameters of the front cone section 2 of the simulator are obtained:

[0055] in, is the simulator input impedance; is the width of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section 2 of the simulator; is the height of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section 2 of the simulator; According to the structural parameters of the simulator front cone section 2, the simulator front cone section 2 is constructed.

[0056] S3: Based on the impedance matching of the load 5, a Split-type end bifurcated structure 4 is constructed, specifically: A rectangular coordinate system is established with a point on the central axis of the simulator plane projection as the coordinate origin, the simulator height direction as the z-axis, the pulse source 1 central axis direction as the y-axis, and the simulator width direction as the x-axis; The split-type end-forked structure 4 and the TEM mode current density on the split-type end-forked structure 4 The relationship satisfies:

[0057] in, is the normalization factor; It is half the width of the upper plate of the Split type end bifurcated structure 4; For The corresponding x-axis coordinate; The upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure 4 is divided into N equal parts along the width direction. The upper plate of each Split-type end-forked structure 4 is connected to a resistor chain with the same resistance value. Then the current of each upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure 4 is The relationship with the Split type terminal bifurcation structure 4 is:

[0058] in, is the total current; The coordinate value of the starting point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure 4 on the x-axis, is the coordinate value of the end point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure 4 on the x-axis; Assume that the number of groups of loads 5 is i, and the matching impedance value of each group of loads 5 is Z. Divide the N resistor chains into i bundles, so that the equivalent impedance of each bundle is matched to the impedance of the loads 5. The resistance value of each resistor chain connected by the split-end bifurcated structure 4 is obtained. The Split-type end-forked structure 4 is constructed according to the resistance value of the resistor chain connected to each Split-type end-forked structure 4 and the number of equal divisions of the upper electrode plate of the Split-type end-forked structure 4 along the width direction.

[0059] S4: Connect the constructed Split-type terminal bifurcation structure 4 and the simulator front cone section 2 through the arc gradient connection section and the distributed load connecting piece 3 to complete the construction of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator.

[0060] See also Figure 5 The present invention constructs a Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator model with a size (length × height × width) of 16.1m × 7m × 4.5m, with an input impedance of 50Ω. The voltage standing wave ratio is calculated through simulation test. Figure 6 It can be seen that the upper limit operating frequency of the split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator designed by the present invention with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2 exceeds 3GHz. The pulse with a leading edge of 0.18ns actually emitted by the sub-nanosecond pulse source is used as the excitation signal. The waveform simulation results are shown in Figure 7 , the simulation results of the electric field waveform in the working space can be found in Figure 8 ,Depend on Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that there is no obvious reflection peak in the field waveform of the working area, indicating that the arc gradient connection structure can effectively weaken the reflection and improve the field waveform quality of the working area. Set x = -1 ~ 1m, y = -4 ~ -2m, z = 0.5 ~ 2.5m as the test area, and the E-Field probe position is as follows Figure 9 As shown in the cube area, the designed split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator has an upper limit operating frequency of more than 3GHz with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 2. Within a 2m×2m×2m working space, the electric field strength uniformity is less than 3dB. Under the excitation of a 0.2ns leading-edge pulse source, the electric field pulse leading edge in its working space reaches 0.3ns, and the pulse trailing edge is free of distortion caused by end reflection pulses, which is basically consistent with the excitation source waveform.

[0061] The above-mentioned spatial field distribution test shows that the field uniformity of the designed simulator in a 2m×2m×2m working area is 2.54dB, indicating that the designed split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator can not only be used for ns-level ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse simulation, but also meets the requirements of sub-ns-level ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse simulation.

[0062] For example, the aforementioned split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator is used to simulate nanosecond or sub-nanometer ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses. Nanosecond-level UWB electromagnetic pulse simulations feature extremely fast rise times (nanometers) and wide frequency spectrums (MHz to GHz), placing stringent demands on the simulator's field uniformity, waveform fidelity, and high-voltage tolerance. The present invention's split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator boasts excellent broadband response and high field strength stability, covering a wide frequency spectrum (DC to several GHz). It reduces high-frequency signal attenuation and distortion, ensures pulse spectrum integrity, and meets the high-field strength reproduction requirements of nanosecond-level intense electromagnetic pulses. Sub-ns-level ultra-wideband pulses require the simulator to have a sub-nanosecond rise time (<1ns). The Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator of the present invention can reduce the system equivalent inductance, suppress high-frequency oscillations, ensure a steep pulse rise edge (up to 200 ps), and meet the sub-ns time resolution requirements. Through the full-link impedance matching between the simulator's front cone section 2 and the Split-type end bifurcation structure 4, the waveform reflection and oscillation caused by impedance mutations can be effectively reduced, ensuring that the tail amplitude of the single-cycle pulse waveform is reduced to less than 10%, supporting the precise propagation of sub-ns-level pulses. Therefore, the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator of the present invention, with its wide-band response and high field strength stability, can accurately reproduce ns-level and sub-ns-level signal characteristics, meet high-precision testing requirements, and provide an efficient and reliable testing platform for equipment immunity evaluation and high-power microwave effect research in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0063] In summary, the present invention provides a split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, design method, and application. This simulator addresses the problems of insufficient high-frequency response and distortion of the electric field waveform in the workspace caused by end reflections in conventional bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulators. By eliminating the parallel segments of conventional bounded wave simulators, the present invention avoids reflections at the two turning points where the front and rear cone segments meet the parallel plate segment. The end is designed as a split-type structure, avoiding reflections associated with conventional wire-grid enclosed structures. This allows the high-frequency components of the electromagnetic wave to be transmitted through the split structure into free space, thus avoiding reflections and achieving high-frequency matching.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to impose any limitation on the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can also be subjected to several simple modifications and replacements, and these modifications and replacements are also within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator, characterized in that: It includes a pulse source and a bounded wave simulation antenna and a load connected thereto in sequence; The bounded wave simulation antenna is a plurality of parallel metal wires, including a simulator front cone section, a distributed load connecting piece and a split-type end bifurcation structure connected to the pulse source in sequence; The load is connected to the end of the Split-type bifurcated structure.

2. The Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed load connecting piece is connected to the front cone section of the simulator through an arc gradient connecting section.

3. The Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relationship between the structure of the front cone section of the simulator and the input impedance of the simulator satisfies: in, is the simulator input impedance; is the width of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section of the simulator; It is the height of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section of the simulator.

4. The Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Split-type end-forked structure and the TEM mode current density on the Split-type end-forked structure The relationship satisfies: in, is the normalization factor; It is half of the width of the electrode plate on the Split end bifurcated structure; a point on the central axis of the simulator plane projection is used as the coordinate origin, the simulator height direction is used as the z-axis, the pulse source central axis direction is used as the y-axis, and the simulator width direction is used as the x-axis to establish a rectangular coordinate system. For The corresponding x-axis coordinate.

5. The Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that: Divide the upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure into N equal parts along the width direction, and connect the upper plate of each Split-type end-forked structure with a resistor chain of the same resistance value. Then the current of each upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure is The relationship with the Split-type terminal bifurcation structure is: in, is the total current; The coordinate value of the starting point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure on the x-axis, is the coordinate value of the end point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure on the x-axis; According to the number of load groups i, the N resistor chains are divided into i bundles, and each bundle is connected to a load to achieve impedance matching.

6. The Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the load groups is 2, and the distance between the two groups of loads is 1.5 to 2.0 times the width of the end of the front cone section of the simulator.

7. A design method for a split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Obtaining the input impedance of the simulator and the impedance matching of the load, wherein the number of load groups and the matching impedance value of each load group; According to the input impedance of the simulator, the front cone section of the simulator is constructed; According to the impedance matching of the load, a Split-type end bifurcated structure is constructed; The constructed Split-type end bifurcated structure and the front cone section of the simulator are connected through a distributed load connecting piece to complete the construction of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator.

8. The design method of the Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for constructing the front cone section of the simulator according to the input impedance of the simulator is: According to the input impedance of the simulator, the structural parameters of the front cone section of the simulator are obtained: in, is the simulator input impedance; is the width of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section of the simulator; is the height of the electrode plate on the cross section of the front cone section of the simulator; According to the structural parameters of the simulator's front cone section, the simulator's front cone section is constructed.

9. The design method of the Split type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for constructing a Split-type end bifurcated structure according to the impedance matching of the load is as follows: A rectangular coordinate system is established with a point on the central axis of the simulator plane projection as the coordinate origin, the simulator height direction as the z-axis, the pulse source central axis direction as the y-axis, and the simulator width direction as the x-axis; The Split-type end-forked structure and the TEM mode current density on the Split-type end-forked structure The relationship satisfies: in, is the normalization factor; It is half the width of the upper plate of the Split type end bifurcated structure; For The corresponding x-axis coordinate; The upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure is divided into N equal parts along the width direction. The upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure corresponding to each part is connected to a resistor chain with the same resistance value. Then the current corresponding to the upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure is The relationship with the Split-type terminal bifurcation structure is: in, is the total current; The coordinate value of the starting point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure on the x-axis, is the coordinate value of the end point of the nth Split-type terminal bifurcation structure on the x-axis; Assume the number of load groups is i, and the matching impedance value of each load group is Z. Divide the N resistor chains into i bundles, so that the equivalent impedance of each bundle must be matched to the impedance of the load, and obtain the resistance value of each resistor chain connected by the split-end bifurcated structure. The Split-type end-forked structure is constructed according to the resistance value of the resistor chain connected to each Split-type end-forked structure and the number of equal divisions of the upper plate of the Split-type end-forked structure along the width direction.

10. Application of the Split-type bounded wave electromagnetic pulse simulator according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in nanosecond or sub-nanometer ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse simulation.

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