Metal capsule, integrated DNA storage system based on low-melting-point metal and application of integrated DNA storage system

Abstract

The invention discloses a metal capsule, an integrated DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) storage system based on low-melting-point metal and application of the integrated DNA storage system based on the low-melting-point metal. The system realizes integration of multi-step operation from DNA synthesis, packaging to unpackaging by utilizing deformability, thermal responsiveness and electric capillary effect of the low-melting-point metal; the problems of low storage density, complex data transfer and the like in the prior art are solved, and the method has the following characteristics that the low-melting-point metal foam is used as a carrier for DNA synthesis and storage, so that high specific surface area and excellent molecular binding capacity are provided; rapid in-situ packaging of DNA is achieved through metal phase change, and the metal capsule with high air tightness and optical protection performance is formed; the rapid deblocking of DNA is realized by utilizing the electric capillary effect of the low-melting-point metal, so that the damage to a metal medium caused by a traditional dissolution mode is avoided; and a bionic dynamic storage function is provided, and distributed storage and flexible recombination of data are realized through splitting and fusion of liquid metal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biological information storage, and in particular to a metal capsule, an integrated DNA storage system based on low-melting-point metals, and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the world digitizes, the amount of data is increasing at an unprecedented rate, and storing this massive amount of data consumes a lot of resources. Traditionally, data is stored in silicon-based media such as flash drives and hard drives, but these media have a limited lifespan, typically only a few decades, and require frequent data migration and backup. In recent years, DNA has become a promising alternative for long-term information storage due to its high coding density and ultra-long shelf life. Significant progress has been made in many aspects, including efficient encoding / decoding schemes, high-throughput data writing methods, and new data packaging technologies. However, most of these methods only target a specific step in the DNA information storage process and lack the level of integration required by current typical data storage systems.

[0003] A classic DNA storage system encompasses a series of sophisticated steps, including data writing, storage, reading, sequencing, and decoding. However, existing DNA storage systems are limited by the frequent switching between multiple substrates, which not only reduces system integration, but also increases operational complexity and potentially introduces the risk of data loss. Specifically, writing DNA data generally relies on phosphoamidite chemistry or enzymatic methods, which not only require tedious steps and high manual labor but are also typically limited to high-throughput synthesis on glass or silicon wafers. However, the relatively limited functionality of these traditional media, such as glass or silicon wafers, has led to long-term DNA information preservation strategies such as silicification, alkaline coprecipitation, and biomimetic mineralization based on metal-organic frameworks, which primarily focus on cleaved and amplified DNA fragments and fail to effectively preserve DNA information in situ. Furthermore, traditional solid-state storage media exhibit significant limitations in flexibility, dynamism, and the operational, computational, and repetitive access requirements for stored files, making it difficult to meet the growing demands for dynamic storage and computing. Therefore, developing a highly integrated, efficient, and practical DNA-based data storage system remains a significant challenge that needs to be overcome.

[0004] Liquid metal, with its metallic-like density, offers another avenue for long-term DNA data storage. Its excellent fluidity and deformability make it easy to control and manipulate. For example, by adjusting interfacial tension, liquid metal can be merged and separated, making it possible to replicate and reassemble DNA files. Furthermore, liquid metal surfaces can be easily functionalized through metallic bonds, covalent bonds, surface ions, and physical adhesion of surface oxides, providing opportunities for in situ DNA synthesis. This combination of properties makes liquid metal an ideal choice for building integrated DNA storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a metal capsule, an integrated DNA storage system based on low-melting-point metals and its applications, so as to achieve high-integration, dynamic response and programmable information storage and computing.

[0006] Technical solution: To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a metal capsule, comprising the following steps: preparing a low-melting-point metal foam, then fixing a DNA primer on the surface of the metal foam; adding a primer exchange reaction solution to write DNA data; and after completion, performing in situ collapse to obtain the metal capsule; the primer exchange reaction solution contains one or more information hairpins, a DNA polymerase and its buffer, and dNTPs.

[0007] The low-melting-point metal is a metal material with a melting point below 100° C. that does not damage biomolecules.

[0008] Wherein, the low melting point metal includes indium tin alloy, gallium or indium tin bismuth alloy.

[0009] Preferably, an indium tin bismuth alloy is used, which has a melting point of 47°C.

[0010] Wherein, the information hairpin contains one or more hairpins.

[0011] Among them, the in-situ collapse method includes: heating the metal foam with DNA data written on it to above the melting point of the metal until it melts into a metal capsule.

[0012] Wherein, the method for preparing the low-melting-point metal foam includes a sacrificial method, a corrosion method or a casting method.

[0013] Among them, the sacrificial method includes a sugar template sacrificial method, that is, filling liquid low-melting-point metal into a sugar cube structure, impregnating to form a metal-sugar composite material, and then dissolving the sugar cube in water after cooling to obtain a low-melting-point metal foam.

[0014] Among them, the methods for fixing the DNA primer on the surface of the metal foam include electrostatic adsorption or covalent fixation.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for immobilizing the DNA primer on the metal foam surface is to add TCEP to the sulfide DNA primer solution for reduction to cleave the disulfide bonds of the sulfide DNA, and then add the prepared DNA primer solution to the metal foam and incubate.

[0016] The information card includes a hybridization sequence region for fixing primers, a letter sequence region and a bridge sequence region (B1-B5, used as the recognition segment for the next information card) as primer extension templates, a stop sequence region for terminating the reaction, and a conserved ring structure region.

[0017] The present invention also provides a metal capsule prepared by the method.

[0018] The present invention also provides an integrated DNA information storage system based on low-melting-point metals, which contains the metal capsule.

[0019] The present invention also provides the application of the metal capsule or the integrated DNA information storage system in writing, packaging, reading or managing DNA information.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for writing DNA information, comprising the following steps: adding one or more information hairpins, information hairpin solution, DNA polymerase and its buffer, and dNTPs to a low-melting-point metal foam with a DNA primer fixed on the surface; hybridizing the DNA primer with the complementary sequence of the hairpin structure oligonucleotide long chain, and then synthesizing the information by using the long chain as a template and dNTPs as raw materials by the DNA polymerase, and completing the primer exchange reaction.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for electrically decapsulating DNA data, comprising the following steps: placing a liquid metal capsule on a metal sheet as a cathode, and another metal wire as an anode, and applying voltage to induce electrocapillary motion of the liquid metal in the electrolyte solution to achieve electrically decapsulating DNA data.

[0022] Furthermore, an electric field force is applied to induce electrocapillary motion of the low-melting-point metal in the liquid state in the electrolyte solution, allowing the encapsulated DNA inside to migrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving lossless decapsulation of the DNA data.

[0023] Preferably, the liquid metal capsule is placed on a copper foil as a cathode, a platinum wire is used as an anode, a 1×TBE solution at 60° C. is used as an electrolyte solution, and the voltage is -3V.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for dynamically managing DNA data in a packaged state, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Using droplet microfluidics technology, the liquid metal capsule is divided in a high-throughput and uniform manner; a liquid metal capsule is divided into multiple microcapsules carrying the same DNA data to achieve distributed information storage;

[0026] (2) Different liquid metal microcapsules are directly fused after contact, so that the data stored in them are combined to generate new information patterns, thereby realizing modular and flexible DNA data management.

[0027] (3) Metal capsules containing DNA data can also be deformed into different shapes for use in indexing systems for large-scale DNA information storage.

[0028] The enzymatic synthesis method of DNA data based on primer exchange reaction comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Convert text information, image information, etc. into hairpin oligonucleotides with universal bridge sequences based on the created codec, allowing flexible assembly of information;

[0030] (2) During the primer exchange reaction, the DNA primer immobilized on the metal foam surface hybridizes with the complementary sequence of the hairpin oligonucleotide long chain;

[0031] (3) Using the information sequence and bridge sequence of the hairpin nucleotides as templates, DNA polymerase extends primer synthesis until it encounters a stop sequence. This copies the information and bridge sequences from the hairpin to the primer.

[0032] (4) the duplicated sequence will compete with the original sequence on the hairpin, leading to replacement by branch migration;

[0033] (5) When the original hairpin structure reforms into a stable hybrid, the newly synthesized sequence is released and can undergo another primer exchange reaction in the next hairpin, thereby continuing the primer extension.

[0034] Furthermore, the DNA enzymatic synthesis method based on primer exchange reaction comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) Immobilizing the short primer on the surface of metal foam;

[0036] (2) preparing the solution required for the primer exchange reaction, which includes KF polymerase, buffer, mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution, CleanG hairpin, mixed DNA hairpin, and water;

[0037] (3) Because the six universal bridge sequences are cyclic, up to five hairpins can be added to the solution required for a single primer exchange reaction to ensure a controlled catalytic cascade. Additional hairpins are added to the new primer exchange reaction solution;

[0038] (4) incubating the solution required for the primer exchange reaction and then adding it to the metal foam reaction;

[0039] (6) After each synthesis, the solution was centrifuged to remove the primer exchange reaction solution and rinsed with water at least three times for subsequent synthesis.

[0040] Among them, the method of in-situ encapsulation of DNA data includes: heating the metal foam with the DNA data written on it to above the melting point of the metal until it melts into a metal capsule.

[0041] The metal foam is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the low-melting-point metal to liquefy and heal the metal foam to complete the encapsulation of the DNA data. Preferably, the metal foam is heated on a high-temperature table at 60° C. for 70 seconds.

[0042] The integrated DNA storage system constructed by the present invention is based on a dynamically deformable liquid metal structure. Specifically, first, we use methods such as template sacrifice to plasticize the liquid metal into a foam structure, and implement enzymatic DNA information writing on the surface of this three-dimensional metal foam structure. Subsequently, heating causes the foam structure to melt and collapse into a metal capsule shape, achieving in-situ encapsulation of DNA information. If information needs to be read, a negative potential is applied to the metal capsule in the liquid state to induce its electrocapillary eddy current, enabling controllable reading of the information ( Figure 1 a). Finally, the fluidity of liquid metal is used to quickly prepare data copies ( Figure 1 b), and data fusion ( Figure 1 c) and other modular management operations.

[0043] The purpose of the in-situ collapse method in this invention is to first mold the metal into a foam structure. This structure has a high specific surface area and can accommodate a high DNA loading, with the DNA immobilized on the three-dimensional surface of the metal foam. Subsequently, heating causes the foam to collapse in situ to form a capsule. This encapsulation process achieves in-situ encapsulation of the DNA molecules. Compared to existing encapsulation materials, this encapsulation method requires no chemical treatment and is gentle, rapid, efficient, and provides strong protective properties.

[0044] Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) The present invention directly synthesizes DNA data on the three-dimensional space surface of low-melting-point metal foam based on a flexible primer exchange reaction. (2) The present invention loads DNA molecules into the interior of the metal in a gentle manner without damaging the DNA molecules, which is a powerful and rapid in-situ DNA packaging technology; the metal provides strong protection for the molecules inside it under extreme conditions such as high temperature and humidity, ultraviolet radiation, and organic reagents, that is, heat sealing is used to create a sealed metal capsule with optical protection. (3) The present invention uses the electrocapillary effect of low-melting-point metal to perform low-voltage electric decapsulation of DNA. This is the first time that biological molecules have been observed to migrate from the inside of metal. (4) The present invention realizes dynamic DNA storage operations, such as information splitting and merging, through the fluidity of liquid metal without decapsulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 Flowchart of the integrated DNA storage system (a), data copy preparation (b), and data fusion management (c) involved in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagram (a) and SEM image (b) of the preparation of metal foam based on the sugar template sacrificial method involved in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 The present invention relates to the DNA information card encoding principle (a) and writing principle (b) based on primer exchange reaction in metal foam;

[0048] Figure 4 The schematic diagram (a) and the actual diagram (b) of the low-melting-point metal encapsulated DNA data involved in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 The principle diagram (a) and result diagram (b) of the low-melting-point metal capsule involved in the present invention for electrically decapsulating DNA data;

[0050] Figure 6 Gel electrophoresis diagram (a) of three text information written in the text information read and written involved in the present invention, Sanger sequencing diagram of "DNA" text information (b), Sanger sequencing diagram of "world" text information (c), and Sanger sequencing diagram of "DNAstorage" text information (d);

[0051] Figure 7 The principle diagram (a) and result diagram (b) of the present invention showing the splitting of a low-melting-point metal capsule into multiple microcapsules containing the same information to achieve distributed information storage;

[0052] Figure 8The diagram (a) and the result (b) of the metal microcapsules involved in the present invention realizing information combination through fusion;

[0053] Figure 9 Schematic diagram (a) and result diagram (b) of the metal capsule patterned into a quick response code for internal DNA data indexing according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] (1) First, use a laser engraving machine to cut the sugar cubes into small cubes of 6 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm. Purchase indium, bismuth, and tin metal raw materials with a purity of 99.9999% respectively. Subsequently, accurately weigh each metal raw material according to the ratio of 55% indium, 20% bismuth, and 25% tin. Select a crucible as a smelting container, add the weighed metals into the crucible in turn, and place the crucible in a muffle furnace to melt it at 400°C, stirring it in the middle. After heating for 3 hours, slowly cool it down to obtain a liquid indium tin bismuth alloy (55% indium, 20% bismuth, 25% tin). Immerse each small sugar cube in 10 ml of liquid indium tin bismuth alloy (55% indium, 20% bismuth, 25% tin, melting point 47°C) under vacuum conditions at 60°C for 30 minutes, and solidify the metal sugar composite material at room temperature. Finally, dissolve the metal sugar composite material in water to obtain a metal foam ( Figure 2 a). SEM images of the sugar cube structure and the obtained three-dimensional metal foam structure. Figure 2 As shown in b, the successful preparation of metal foam is confirmed.

[0057] (2) Add 2 μL of 5 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to 20 μL of 5.5 μM sulfide DNA primer (SEQ ID NO. 1) solution and reduce for 1 hour to cleave the disulfide bonds of the sulfide DNA to obtain a DNA primer solution.

[0058] Table 1 Information card sequence required for DNA information writing

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] (3) Design information card issuance structure ( Figure 3 a) An information hairpin includes a hybridization sequence region for fixed primers, a letter sequence region and a bridge sequence region as templates for primer extension, a stop sequence region for terminating the reaction, and a conserved loop structure region.

[0062] (3) Add 20 μL of the prepared DNA primer solution to the metal foam and incubate for 3 hours.

[0063] (4) Prepare the “DNA” file solution: 3.5 μL 5000 units / mL KF polymerase, 2 μL 10× Blue buffer, 2 μL 5 mM mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution (dATP / dTTP / dCTP are mixed in equal proportions), 2 μL 1 μM CleanG hairpin (SEQ ID NO. 2), 2 μL 5 μM mixed hairpins (“D”, “N”, “A”, the sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO. 3-5, mixed in equal proportions), and 8.5 μL water;

[0064] (5) Add the "DNA" file solution prepared in step (4) to the metal foam where the primer has been fixed, and react at 37°C for 30 minutes. The above reactants will react according to Figure 3 b’s synthesis principle synthesizes “DNA” files;

[0065] (6) After the “DNA” information is written, the metal foam with the solution is centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 1 minute to remove the primer exchange reaction solution and rinsed with water three times;

[0066] (7) The metal foam with the "DNA" information written on it is heated on a high temperature table at 60°C for 70 seconds to liquefy and heal the metal foam to complete the encapsulation of the DNA data; Figure 4 shown.

[0067] (8) When the "DNA" information needs to be released, a liquid metal capsule is placed on a copper foil as the cathode, a platinum wire is used as the anode, and a 1×TBE solution at 60°C is used as the electrolyte solution. A -3V potential is applied to induce the electrocapillary motion of the metal capsule in the liquid state, allowing the encapsulated DNA to migrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving lossless decapsulation of the DNA data. Figure 5 The electrophoresis results of the written "DNA" information are shown as follows. Figure 6 As shown in Text1 in a, the sequencing results are as follows Figure 6 As shown in b, it demonstrates the successful writing, in situ encapsulation and electrokinetic decapsulation of "DNA" information in indium tin bismuth foam.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] (1) Sugar cubes and liquid gallium were mixed in a mortar at a mass ratio of 1:1. The sugar-gallium mixture was then pressed into cylinders with a diameter of 5 mm × 5 mm and a height of 4 mm using a tablet press. The metal-sugar composite was cured in a -20°C refrigerator for 5 minutes. Finally, the cylindrical sugar template was dissolved in water to obtain a metal foam.

[0070] (2) Add 2 μL of 5 mM TCEP to 20 μL of 5.5 μM sulfide DNA primer (SEQ ID NO. 1) solution and reduce for 1 hour to cleave the disulfide bonds of the sulfide DNA.

[0071] (3) Add 20 μL of the prepared DNA primer solution to the metal foam and incubate for 3 hours.

[0072] (4) Prepare the “world” file solution: 3.5 μL 5000 units / mL KF polymerase, 2 μL 10× Blue buffer, 2 μL 5 mM mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution (dATP / dTTP / dCTP mixed in equal proportions), 2 μL 1 μM CleanG hairpin, 2 μL 5 μM mixed DNA hairpins (“w”, “o”, “r”, “l”, “d”, the sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO. 6-10, mixed in equal proportions) and 8.5 μL water;

[0073] (5) adding the "world" file solution prepared in step (4) to the metal foam to which the primers have been fixed, reacting at 37°C for 30 minutes to synthesize the "world" file;

[0074] (6) After the “world” information is written, the metal foam with the solution is centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 1 minute to remove the primer exchange reaction solution and rinsed with water three times;

[0075] (7) The metal foam with the “world” information written on it is heated on a high temperature table at 35°C for 70 seconds to liquefy and heal the metal foam to complete the encapsulation of the DNA data;

[0076] (8) When the "world" information needs to be released, the copper wire connected to the negative electrode is brought into contact with the liquid metal capsule, and another copper wire is used as the anode. 1×PBS solution at 35°C is used as the electrolyte solution. A -4V potential is applied to induce electrocapillary motion of the metal capsule in the liquid state, allowing the encapsulated DNA inside to migrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving lossless decapsulation of the DNA data. The electrophoresis results of the written "world" information are shown as follows: Figure 6 As shown in Text2 in a, the sequencing results are as follows Figure 6 As shown in c, the successful writing, in-situ encapsulation and electrokinetic decapsulation of "world" information in gallium-based foam are demonstrated.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] (1) Use sugar cubes to press into cylinders with a diameter of 5 mm × 5 mm and a height of 4 mm. Purchase indium, bismuth, and tin metal raw materials with a purity of 99.9999% respectively. Subsequently, accurately weigh each metal raw material according to the ratio of 51% indium, 32.5% bismuth, and 16.5% tin. Select a crucible as a smelting container, add the weighed metals into the crucible in turn, and place the crucible in a muffle furnace to melt it at 400°C, stirring it in the middle. After heating for 3 hours, slowly cool it down to obtain liquid indium tin bismuth alloy (51% indium, 32.5% bismuth, 16.5% tin). Each cylinder is immersed in 10 ml of liquid indium tin bismuth alloy (51% indium, 32.5% bismuth, 16.5% tin, melting point 62°C) solution under vacuum conditions at 70°C for 30 minutes, and the metal sugar composite material is solidified at room temperature. Finally, the cylindrical sugar template is dissolved in water to obtain metal foam.

[0079] (2) Add 2 μL of 5 mM TCEP to 20 μL of 5.5 μM sulfide DNA primer (SEQ ID NO. 1) solution and reduce for 1 hour to cleave the disulfide bonds of the sulfide DNA.

[0080] (3) Add 20 μL of the prepared DNA primer solution to the metal foam and incubate for 3 hours.

[0081] (4) Prepare the “DNAstorage” file solution a: 2 μL 8000 units / mL Bst polymerase, 2 μL 10× Isothermal Amplification buffer, 2 μL MgSO4 solution, 2 μL 5 mM mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution (dATP / dTTP / dCTP are mixed in equal proportions), 2 μL 1 μM CleanG hairpin, 2 μL 5 μM mixed DNA hairpin (“D”, “N”, “A”, “s”, “t”, the sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO.3-5 and SEQ ID NO.11-12, mixed in equal proportions) and 6 μL water; prepare the “DNAstorage” file solution b: 2 μL 8000 units / mL Bst polymerase, 2 μL 10× buffer, 2 μL MgSO4 solution, 2 μL 5 mM mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution (dATP / dTTP / dCTP are mixed in equal proportions), 2 μL 1 μM CleanG hairpin, 2 μL 5 μM mixed DNA hairpins ("o", "r", "a", "g", "e", the sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO. 13-17, mixed in equal proportions) and 6 μL water;

[0082] (5) Add the "DNA storage" file solution a prepared in step (4) to the metal foam to which the primer has been fixed, and react at 55°C for 30 minutes;

[0083] (6) After the information in the “DNAstorage” file solution a is written, the metal foam with the solution is centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 1 minute to remove the primer exchange reaction solution and rinsed with water three times;

[0084] (7) Add the "DNA storage" file solution b prepared in step (4) to the metal foam to which the primers have been fixed in step (6) and react at 55°C for 30 minutes;

[0085] (8) After the information in the “DNAstorage” file solution b is written, the metal foam with the solution is centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 1 minute to remove the primer exchange reaction solution and rinsed with water three times;

[0086] (9) The metal foam with the “DNA storage” information written on it is heated on a high temperature table at 70°C for 70 seconds to liquefy and heal the metal foam to complete the encapsulation of the DNA data;

[0087] (10) When the “DNA storage” information needs to be released, the copper wire connected to the negative electrode is brought into contact with the liquid metal capsule, and another copper wire is used as the anode. A 1M NaOH solution at 70°C is used as the electrolyte solution. A potential of -2V is applied to induce electrocapillary motion of the metal capsule in the liquid state, allowing the encapsulated DNA inside to migrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving lossless decapsulation of the DNA data. The electrophoresis results of the written “DNA storage” information are shown in Figure 1. Figure 6 As shown in Text3 in a, the sequencing results are as follows Figure 6 As shown in d, it demonstrates the successful writing, in situ encapsulation and electrokinetic decapsulation of “DNA storage” information in gallium-based foam.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] (1) Figure 7 As shown in Figure a, the three metal capsules encapsulating different DNA text information ("DNA" file, "world" file, and "DNAstorage" file) in Examples 1-3 are divided into multiple microcapsules using a droplet microfluidic chip. Each microcapsule retains the same information as its parent capsule, realizing distributed information storage. Figure 7 As shown in b.

[0090] (2) We directly contact and mix the above microcapsules carrying different text information to fuse them. In this way, the data they store are combined to produce a new information pattern. We homogenize two or three microcapsules by vibration, each containing different information, to produce four fused capsules. Each fused capsule successfully inherits all the information of the original microcapsule. Figure 8 As shown, the F-1 file represents the fusion file of the "DNA" file and the "world" file, the F-2 file represents the fusion file of the "DNA" file and the "DNAstorage" file, the F-3 file represents the fusion file of the "world" file and the "DNAstorage" file, and the F-4 file represents the fusion file of the "DNA" file, the "world" file and the "DNAstorage" file.

[0091] (3) We propose that the liquid metal capsule can be used as a quick response (QR) code pattern, which serves as an index for the encapsulated DNA information, and the internal information "DNA storage" can be accessed by extracting a small portion (~7mg) of liquid metal from the edge of the pattern. The error correction and redundancy of the QR code ensure that it can be accurately decoded even when using a partial sample. Figure 9 As shown, we took three small pieces of liquid metal at any three positions (a, b, c) on the QR code and amplified and read the DNA molecules inside them. The electrophoresis results are as follows Figure 9 As shown in Figure b, we successfully read the “DNAstorage” information contained in the QR code information.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a metal capsule, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: preparing low-melting-point metal foam, and then fixing DNA primers on the surface of the metal foam; adding a primer exchange reaction solution to write DNA data; and after completion, performing in-situ collapse to obtain a metal capsule; the primer exchange reaction solution contains one or more information hairpins, DNA polymerase and its buffer, and dNTPs.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Low-melting-point metals are metal materials with a melting point below 100° C. that do not damage biomolecules.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The low melting point metal includes indium tin alloy, gallium or indium tin bismuth alloy.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The in-situ collapse method involves heating the metal foam with the DNA data written on it to above the melting point of the metal until it melts into a metal capsule.

5. A metal capsule prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. An integrated DNA information storage system based on low-melting-point metals, characterized in that: It contains the metal capsule according to claim 5.

7. A method for writing DNA information, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: One or more information hairpins, information hairpin solution, DNA polymerase and its buffer, and dNTPs are added to a low-melting-point metal foam with DNA primers fixed on the surface; the DNA primers hybridize with the complementary sequence of the hairpin structure oligonucleotide long chain, and then the DNA polymerase uses the long chain as a template and dNTPs as raw materials to synthesize information, and the primer exchange reaction is completed.

8. A method for electrokinetic decapsulation of DNA data, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The liquid metal capsule of claim 6 is placed on a metal sheet as a cathode, and another metal wire is used as an anode. The voltage induces the liquid metal in the electrolyte solution to undergo electrocapillary motion, thereby realizing the electric decapsulation of DNA data.

9. A method for managing the dynamics of DNA data in a packaged state, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Using droplet microfluidics technology, the liquid metal capsule of claim 5 is divided in a high-throughput and uniform manner; a liquid metal capsule is divided into multiple microcapsules carrying the same DNA data to achieve distributed information storage; (2) Different liquid metal microcapsules are directly fused after contact, so that the data stored in them are combined to generate new information patterns, thereby realizing modular and flexible DNA data management.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further includes patterning the metal capsule of claim 5 into different shapes for use in an indexing system for large-scale DNA information storage.

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