Base station antenna and base station

Abstract

The invention provides a base station antenna and a base station, relates to the technical field of communication, and can solve the problem that only one-dimensional beam pointing switching can be realized due to complex regulation and control means of antenna beam width in the prior art. In the base station antenna, two first parasitic units and a floor are arranged on the same layer, and the two first parasitic units are located on the two sides of the floor in the first direction and used for tuning boundary characteristics of a floor reflecting surface; the two sides of the antenna unit along the second direction are provided with at least two second parasitic units which are used for adjusting the beam width of the horizontal plane of the antenna unit. Through the first parasitic units and the second parasitic units, independent regulation and control of vertical plane and horizontal plane beam widths are realized, and the two first parasitic units and the floor are arranged on the same layer, so that the first parasitic units can directly act on the boundary of the reflecting surface of the floor, and a stable wave width regulation and control effect is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a base station antenna and a base station. Background Art

[0002] In modern communication systems, antennas are key components for signal transmission, and their performance directly impacts the efficiency and coverage of communication systems. Traditional antenna designs typically employ fixed beamwidths and radiation patterns, which to some extent limits their flexibility and adaptability. With the continuous advancement of communication technology, the performance requirements for antennas are becoming increasingly stringent, particularly in terms of beamwidth control and radiation pattern optimization.

[0003] Traditional antenna beam width control is usually complicated and requires changing the physical structure of the antenna or using additional matching elements. It can only switch the one-dimensional beam direction, cannot simultaneously control the beam width, and has a limited control range. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure provides a base station antenna and a base station, which can solve the problems in the prior art that the control means of the antenna beam width are complex, can only achieve switching of one-dimensional beam pointing, cannot simultaneously control the beam width, and have a limited control range.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a base station antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, a floor provided on the dielectric substrate, and two first parasitic units, and a feed network structure, an antenna unit, and a second parasitic unit provided on a side of the floor away from the dielectric substrate, wherein:

[0006] The two first parasitic units are arranged on the same layer as the floor and are located on both sides of the floor along the first direction, and are used to tune the boundary characteristics of the floor reflection surface;

[0007] At least two second parasitic units are provided on both sides of the antenna unit along the second direction, for adjusting the beam width of the antenna unit in the horizontal plane; the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the floor, and are respectively parallel to the vertical plane and horizontal plane of the antenna unit.

[0008] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a base station, comprising the above-mentioned base station antenna provided in the disclosed embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure:

[0010] Figure 1 A perspective plan view of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, viewed from above;

[0011] Figure 2A three-dimensional perspective view of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0012] Figure 3 A plan view of the sheet antenna body used in an embodiment of the present disclosure when viewed from above;

[0013] Figure 4 A side view of the antenna unit, the second parasitic unit, and the floor panel used in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0014] Figure 5 A plan view of the feed network structure used in an embodiment of the present disclosure when viewed from above;

[0015] Figure 6 A graph showing the vertical beamwidth control reflection coefficient of a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 7 The vertical beamwidth control pattern of the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 8 The base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts Figure 1 and Figure 2 The horizontal plane beamwidth control pattern corresponding to the second parasitic unit in the middle;

[0018] Figure 9 The radiation pattern of the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure in the vertical plane in the E narrow and H narrow beamwidth states;

[0019] Figure 10 The radiation pattern of the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure in the horizontal plane in the E narrow and H narrow beamwidth states;

[0020] Figure 11 The radiation pattern of the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure in the vertical plane in the beamwidth state of narrow E and wide H;

[0021] Figure 12 The radiation pattern of the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure in the horizontal plane in the beam width state of narrow E and wide H;

[0022] Figure 13 The radiation pattern of the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure in the vertical plane in the beam width state of wide E and narrow H;

[0023] Figure 14 The radiation pattern of the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure in the horizontal plane in the beam width state of wide E and narrow H;

[0024] Figure 15 A graph showing the gain simulation results of a base station antenna in various beam states provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 16 This is a diagram of the simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the base station antenna in various beam states provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] The present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the illustrated embodiments may be embodied in different forms, and the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth below. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully understand the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0028] The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the detailed embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. The above and other features and advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art by describing the detailed embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] The present disclosure may be described with reference to plan views and / or cross-sectional views by way of ideal schematic views of the present disclosure. Therefore, the exemplary illustrations may be modified according to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances.

[0030] In the absence of conflict, the various embodiments of the present disclosure and the various features therein may be combined with each other.

[0031] The terms used in this disclosure are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the disclosure. As used in this disclosure, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated items. As used in this disclosure, the singular forms "a" and "the" are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used in this disclosure, the terms "comprising" and "made of" specify the presence of the features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in this disclosure have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning unless expressly defined in this disclosure.

[0033] The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but includes modifications of the configurations formed based on the manufacturing process. Therefore, the regions illustrated in the drawings have schematic properties, and the shapes of the regions shown in the drawings illustrate the specific shapes of the regions of the elements, but are not intended to be limiting.

[0034] Prior art reconfigurable pattern antennas typically use mechanical or electronic control to achieve beam adjustment, but these methods present challenges such as complex structures, high loss, or narrow bandwidth. Furthermore, existing technologies only enable one-dimensional beam reconfiguration, or, while they can adjust the beamwidth in two dimensions, they require high structural symmetry and result in low gain. However, the base station antennas provided in embodiments of the present invention enable dynamic adjustment of the two-dimensional beamwidth while offering the advantages of high gain, low loss, and high-frequency in-band stability.

[0035] The base station antenna provided in embodiments of the present invention is suitable for wireless communication systems. Specific application scenarios include indoor wireless communication coverage. By flexibly switching coverage modes, it can dynamically adapt to the communication needs of different areas within a unit area. It also reduces co-channel interference between multiple antennas, solving the problem of balancing wide-area and hotspot coverage in indoor coverage.

[0036] For details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The base station antenna provided in this embodiment of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate 1, a floor 2 disposed on the dielectric substrate 1, two first parasitic units 3, and a feed network structure 4, an antenna unit 5, and a second parasitic unit 6 disposed on the side of the floor 2 away from the dielectric substrate 1. The dielectric substrate 1 serves as the antenna's basic support structure, integrating all components, including the aforementioned units and structures, and providing mechanical support and electrical isolation. The dielectric substrate 1 is typically made of FR4 (epoxy fiberglass) or high-frequency material. The dielectric substrate 1 can be, for example, a rectangular plate or any other shape. The thickness of the dielectric substrate 1 can be determined based on the desired antenna impedance matching and radiation efficiency.

[0037] Floor 2 acts as a reflective surface for antenna unit 5, enhancing forward radiation and suppressing backward radiation through the mirroring principle, thereby enhancing the antenna's radiation directivity. Furthermore, floor 2 serves as a reference ground plane for feed network structure 4, reducing feeder radiation losses.

[0038] The two first parasitic units 3 are arranged on the same layer as the floor 2 and on both sides of the floor 2 along the first direction, and are used to tune the boundary characteristics of the reflection surface of the floor 2. Through the physical existence of the two first parasitic units 3 and the arrangement of the floor 2 on the dielectric substrate 1, the vertical plane (H plane, i.e., Figure 1The beam width is the XOZ plane where the X and Z axes are located. The beam width refers to the angle in the antenna radiation pattern where the radiation intensity drops to a certain proportion of the maximum value. This angle is used to describe the radiation directivity of the antenna. The vertical plane (H plane) refers to the vertical plane perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the antenna (H plane, that is, Figure 1 The XOZ plane (the X-axis and Z-axis in the middle). The beamwidth in the vertical plane (H-plane) refers to the beamwidth of the antenna radiation pattern in the vertical plane (H-plane). The narrower the vertical plane beamwidth, the stronger the antenna's directivity in the vertical direction, the more concentrated the radiated energy, and the higher the radiation intensity, but the antenna's vertical coverage range is narrower. Conversely, the wider the vertical plane beamwidth, the wider the antenna's vertical coverage range, but the radiation intensity is relatively low. This is suitable for scenarios requiring coverage of a larger vertical range. In practical applications, the electromagnetic field distribution at the edge of floor 2 can be changed by designing parameters such as the size and shape of the two first parasitic elements 3 and the spacing between them and floor 2, thereby affecting the phase of the reflected wave and ultimately regulating the beamwidth.

[0039] At least two second parasitic units 6 are provided on both sides of the antenna unit 5 along the second direction, for adjusting the beam width of the antenna unit 5 in the horizontal plane; the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the floor 2, and are respectively parallel to the vertical plane (H plane, i.e., Figure 1 The XOZ plane where the X axis and Z axis are located) and the horizontal plane (E plane, that is, Figure 1 The second parasitic element 6 interacts with the antenna element 5 through electromagnetic coupling, changing the current distribution of the antenna element 5, thereby affecting its radiation pattern. The horizontal plane (E plane) refers to the horizontal plane parallel to the main radiation direction of the antenna (E plane, i.e., Figure 1 The horizontal (E-plane) beamwidth refers to the angle in the horizontal plane where the radiation intensity of the antenna radiation pattern drops to a specific proportion of its maximum value. The wider the horizontal beamwidth, the wider the antenna's horizontal coverage range, allowing the antenna to cover a larger horizontal area, making it suitable for scenarios requiring wide coverage. Conversely, the narrower the horizontal beamwidth, the stronger the antenna's horizontal directionality, the more concentrated the radiated energy, and the higher the radiation intensity in a specific direction, making it suitable for scenarios requiring high directivity. In practical applications, the horizontal (E-plane) beamwidth of antenna unit 5 can be controlled by adjusting the position, number, and electrical characteristics (such as height, shape, and other parameters) of the second parasitic unit 6.

[0040] In this embodiment of the present application, by placing two first parasitic units 3 on the same level as floor 2, the first parasitic units 3 can directly act on the boundaries of floor 2's reflective surface, achieving stable beamwidth control while also reducing the vertical dimensions of floor 2. Furthermore, by adjusting the electrical characteristics (such as size and shape) of the first parasitic units 3, the reflection characteristics of floor 2 can be effectively altered. Furthermore, by designing the structure and layout of the first parasitic units 3, stable vertical beamwidth control can be achieved. This control approach not only increases the flexibility of beamwidth control but also ensures stable antenna performance under different operating conditions.

[0041] By providing two second parasitic elements 6 on either side of the antenna element 5 along the second direction, the two second parasitic elements 6 can interact with the antenna element 5 through electromagnetic coupling, significantly increasing the antenna's horizontal radiation coverage. Simultaneously, by optimizing the layout and electrical characteristics of the second parasitic elements 6, the horizontal beamwidth can be broadened, thereby improving the coverage efficiency of the wireless communication system. With the help of the first parasitic element 3 and the second parasitic element 6, stable two-dimensional beamwidth control can be achieved, enabling the base station antenna to adapt to a variety of application scenarios and requirements, thereby improving the versatility and adaptability of the base station antenna.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first parasitic unit 3 includes at least two conductive plates 31, and the at least two conductive plates 31 are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and a first switch 32 is provided between each adjacent two conductive plates 31. By arranging the at least two conductive plates 31 in sequence along the second direction, it is convenient to use the first switch 32 to change the connection state between the conductive plates 31 to regulate its overall electrical characteristics. By turning the first switch 32 on and off, the connection state between the conductive plates 31 can be flexibly changed, thereby realizing dynamic regulation of the impedance of the first parasitic unit 3 to achieve stable dynamic regulation of the vertical plane wave width, which not only improves the flexibility of the wave width regulation, but also ensures that good radiation performance can be maintained under different working conditions, so that the antenna can adapt to different working conditions and requirements. In addition, by providing the first switch 32, the first parasitic unit 3 has flexible impedance regulation capabilities, so that the antenna can maintain stable performance under different working conditions, reduce signal loss and reflection, and improve the efficiency and reliability of the antenna.

[0043] Specifically, the first parasitic unit 3 may include two conductive plates 31, or may include three conductive plates 31, or a greater number of conductive plates 31. In practical applications, the number of conductive plates 31 may be determined based on the desired antenna effect. Furthermore, the shape and size of the conductive plates 31 may be designed based on the desired bandwidth control range. The shape of the conductive plates 31 may be, for example, rectangular, square, or arc-shaped.

[0044] A first switch 32 is provided between each adjacent pair of conductive sheets 31. The number of first switches 32 depends on the number of conductive sheets 31. When there are multiple first switches 32, in order to achieve a better vertical wave width control effect, multiple first switches 32 can be turned on or off simultaneously to avoid vertical wave asymmetry and distortion.

[0045] At least two conductive sheets 31 can form a strip-shaped structure. By adjusting the size and layout of the strip-shaped structure, high consistency (±2.5° fluctuation) in beam width variation within the frequency band is achieved, ensuring stable antenna performance at different frequencies and improving the reliability of the communication system. Furthermore, the first switch 32 controls the connection between the strip-shaped structure and the floor 2, enabling dynamic regulation of the antenna's vertical beamwidth. Specifically, when the first switch 32 is on, the strip-shaped structure functions, forming a continuous conductive path with the floor 2, effectively increasing the size of the ground reflector. This increased reflector size narrows the antenna's vertical beamwidth, resulting in a narrow beam. Narrow beams offer greater directivity and concentrated radiation energy, making them suitable for applications requiring high directivity. When the first switch 32 is off, the connection between the strip-shaped structure and the floor 2 is severed, rendering the strip-shaped structure inoperable. This effectively reduces the size of the ground reflector, widening the antenna's vertical beamwidth and creating a wide beam. The wide beam has a wider coverage range and is suitable for scenarios requiring wide coverage. In addition, by using a combination of a strip structure and the first switch 32, the antenna beam width control design can be simplified, reducing the complexity of design and manufacturing.

[0046] In some embodiments, at least two second parasitic elements 6 located on the same side of the antenna element 5 are spaced apart along the first direction, and each second parasitic element 6 on one side of the antenna element 5 is arranged relative to each second parasitic element 6 on the other side in a one-to-one correspondence along the second direction. This ensures more uniform radiation characteristics of the antenna in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, by designing the number, position, and spacing of the second parasitic elements 6, the antenna's horizontal radiation coverage can be significantly increased. Furthermore, this symmetrical layout optimizes the antenna's horizontal radiation pattern, ensuring uniform distribution of radiation intensity in the horizontal direction. This helps reduce signal blind spots and improve the overall performance of the communication system.

[0047] In some embodiments, the second parasitic element 6 includes a conductive post 61, which is positioned perpendicular to the floor 2, with one end of the post connected to the floor 2 via a second switch 62. The conductive post 61 is made of a conductive material, ensuring effective electromagnetic coupling with the floor 2. By positioning the conductive post 61 perpendicular to the floor 2, electromagnetic coupling between the post and the floor is ensured, effectively affecting the antenna's horizontal radiation characteristics. By connecting one end of the conductive post 61 to the floor 2 via the second switch 62, the conductive post 61 and the floor 2 can be dynamically connected to form a conductive path, thereby adjusting the antenna's radiation characteristics.

[0048] Specifically, the height of the conductive pillars 61 can be determined based on the desired bandwidth control range. The height of the conductive pillars 61 can be 0.15 times the wavelength (the distance an electromagnetic wave travels during one complete cycle) to ensure that the conductive pillars 61 effectively couple to energy from the antenna unit 5. Each antenna unit 5 is provided with at least two conductive pillars 61 on one side. By varying the number and arrangement of the conductive pillars 61, the coupling impedance can be adjusted, thereby stably controlling the horizontal bandwidth. For example, four conductive pillars 61 can be provided on each side of the antenna unit 5, for a total of eight on both sides. Furthermore, the four conductive pillars 61 on the same side are arranged in pairs, with the spacing between each pair smaller than the spacing between adjacent pairs. By designing the number, position, and spacing of the conductive pillars 61, the antenna's horizontal radiation pattern can be optimized, ensuring uniform horizontal distribution of radiation intensity. This helps reduce signal blind spots and improve the overall performance of the communication system.

[0049] By controlling the connection between the conductive post 61 and the floor 2 using the second switch 62, the electrical properties of the conductive post 61 can be dynamically adjusted, thereby dynamically regulating the coupling strength of the second parasitic element 6. When the second switch 62 is on, the conductive post 61 forms a continuous conductive path with the floor 2. Together with the antenna element 5, the conductive post 61 forms a wide beam with extended coverage, suitable for scenarios requiring wide coverage. When the second switch 62 is off, the conductive post 61 is inactive, and the horizontal plane maintains a narrow beam state. This narrow beam has higher directivity and stronger radiated energy concentration, making it suitable for scenarios requiring high directivity. This flexible control method enables the antenna to adjust the horizontal plane beamwidth in real time according to actual communication needs, achieving high consistency in beamwidth variation within the frequency band (fluctuation of ±2.5°). Furthermore, the combination of the conductive post 61 and the second switch 62 simplifies the antenna beamwidth control design, reducing design and manufacturing complexity.

[0050] Through the first parasitic unit 3 and the second parasitic unit 6, independent control of the vertical and horizontal beam widths can be achieved while maintaining the symmetry and stability of the radiation pattern. Moreover, by adopting the above-mentioned structure and layout, the first parasitic unit 3 and the second parasitic unit 6 achieve high consistency of the beam state width change within the frequency band (fluctuation of ±2.5°), ensuring the stable performance of the antenna at different frequencies. In addition, the beam width and radiation pattern can be optimized, significantly improving the coverage efficiency and signal transmission quality of the communication system, and is suitable for various application scenarios in wireless communication systems.

[0051] Specifically, the first parasitic element 3 effectively regulates the vertical surface wave width by changing the boundary characteristics of the reflective surface of floor 2. By adjusting the position and size of the first parasitic element 3, the reflection characteristics of floor 2 can be optimized, thereby achieving stable regulation of the vertical surface wave width. Furthermore, by placing the first parasitic element 3 on either side of floor 2, rather than in the same plane as antenna element 5, direct interference from the first parasitic element 3 on antenna element 5 can be reduced, improving the overall performance of the antenna. By placing the second parasitic element 6 on either side of antenna element 5, direct interference from the second parasitic element 6 on antenna element 5 can be reduced, making the radiation characteristics of antenna element 5 more stable, reducing signal loss and reflection, and improving the efficiency and reliability of the antenna.

[0052] In embodiments where a first switch 32 and a second switch 62 are respectively provided in the first parasitic unit 3 and the second parasitic unit 6, the first switch 32 and the second switch 62 enable flexible regulation of the antenna radiation characteristics, thereby not only improving the flexibility of beamwidth regulation but also optimizing antenna performance. Specifically, by controlling the on and off state of the first switch 32, the connection state between the conductive plates 31 can be changed, thereby dynamically regulating the impedance of the first parasitic unit 3, effectively changing the boundary characteristics of the reflective surface of the floor 2, thereby optimizing the vertical beamwidth and dynamically adjusting the vertical beamwidth according to different operating conditions and requirements. Control of the second switch 62 not only significantly broadens the horizontal beamwidth, improving the coverage efficiency of the communication system, but also precisely regulates the coupling strength of the second parasitic unit 6, optimizing the antenna's horizontal radiation pattern, and ensuring good radiation performance at different frequencies.

[0053] On this basis, the on / off state of the first switch 32 is associated with the on / off state of the second switch 62. Specifically, in Table 1 below, "E narrow H narrow" indicates a narrow beam on the E plane and a narrow beam on the H plane; "E wide H narrow" indicates a wide beam on the E plane and a narrow beam on the H plane; "E narrow H wide" indicates a narrow beam on the E plane and a wide beam on the H plane; and "E wide H wide" indicates a wide beam on the E plane and a wide beam on the H plane. "Off" indicates the switch is off; "on" indicates the switch is on.

[0054] Table 1

[0055]

[0056] As shown in Table 1, when the first switch 32 is off and the second switch 62 is on, the first parasitic element 3 (the strip-shaped structure located on both sides of the floor 2) is inoperative, while the second parasitic element 6 (the conductive pillar 61) is operative. Both the vertical plane (H plane) and the horizontal plane (E plane) maintain a narrow beam state. When the first switch 32 is on and the second switch 62 is on, the first parasitic element 3 is operative and the second parasitic element 6 is operative. The vertical plane (H plane) exhibits a wide beam, while the horizontal plane (E plane) maintains a narrow beam. When the first switch 32 is off and the second switch 62 is off, the first parasitic element 3 is inoperative and the second parasitic element 6 is inoperative. The vertical plane (H plane) exhibits a narrow beam, while the horizontal plane (E plane) exhibits a wide beam. When the first switch 32 is on and the second switch 62 is off, the first parasitic element 3 is operative and the second parasitic element 6 is inoperative. Both the vertical plane (H plane) and the horizontal plane (E plane) exhibit a wide beam.

[0057] By controlling the on and off states of the first switch 32 and the second switch 62, independent regulation of the vertical and horizontal beam widths can be achieved, which not only improves the flexibility of beam width regulation but also ensures the performance stability of the antenna under different working conditions.

[0058] In some embodiments, see Figures 3 to 5 , and combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The antenna unit 5 comprises a sheet-shaped antenna body 51 and two sheet-shaped supports 52. The sheet-shaped antenna body 51 is positioned parallel to the floor 2 on the side away from the dielectric substrate 1. The two sheet-shaped supports 52 are perpendicular to the floor 2 and arranged opposite each other along the second direction. One end of each sheet-shaped support 52 is connected to the sheet-shaped antenna body 51, and the other end is electrically connected to the two first signal transmission terminals 41 of the feed network structure 4. Specifically, the sheet-shaped antenna body 51 is the primary radiating element, responsible for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. Its parallel positioning on the side of the floor 2 away from the dielectric substrate 1 helps achieve a uniform radiation pattern and ensures sufficient space between the sheet-shaped antenna body 51 and the floor 2, thereby reducing the impact of the floor 2 on the antenna's radiation characteristics. The two sheet-shaped supports 52 are perpendicular to the floor 2 and arranged opposite each other along the second direction, providing stable support for the sheet-shaped antenna body 51 while also reducing interference with the antenna's radiation pattern.

[0059] One end of the two sheet-like supports 52 is connected to the sheet-like antenna body 51, and the other end is electrically connected to the two first signal transmission terminals 41 of the feed network structure 4. This connection ensures efficient signal transmission to the antenna body while maintaining the antenna's structural stability. The feed network structure 4 transmits the signal to the sheet-like supports 52 via the two first signal transmission terminals 41, and then transmits the signal to the sheet-like antenna body 51 via the sheet-like supports 52, thereby ensuring low signal loss and high efficiency during transmission. In practical applications, the dimensions of the sheet-like antenna body 51, such as length, width, and thickness, can be designed according to the desired radiation characteristics.

[0060] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 As shown, the sheet antenna body 51 is rectangular or square, and grooves 511 are symmetrically formed on the two sides of the sheet antenna body 51 perpendicular to the second direction. The groove 511 can change the current distribution of the antenna, thereby optimizing the radiation efficiency. Moreover, the groove 511 can reduce the effective length of the antenna, thereby achieving a miniaturized design. Without reducing the performance of the antenna, the size of the antenna can be reduced by providing the groove 511, making it more suitable for compact space applications. In addition, the groove 511 can reduce the sidelobe level and reduce interference in other directions, thereby improving the anti-interference ability of the antenna and being suitable for scenarios requiring high directivity. In practical applications, by setting the shape and position of the groove 511, the desired radiation pattern can be achieved, thereby improving the directivity of the antenna.

[0061] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, the feed network structure 4 includes a power splitter having two first signal transmission terminals 41 and a second signal transmission terminal 42. The power splitter is configured so that the phases of the signals transmitted from the second signal transmission terminal 42 to the two first signal transmission terminals 41 differ by 180°. The main function of the power splitter is to evenly distribute the input signal power to multiple signal transmission terminals. Furthermore, the power splitter can achieve a specific phase difference. In this embodiment, the power splitter distributes the input signal from the second signal transmission terminal 42 to the two first signal transmission terminals 41. Furthermore, the power splitter is configured so that the phases of the signals at the two first signal transmission terminals 41 differ by 180°. This specific phase difference can be achieved by adjusting the length of the transmission line within the power splitter. Specifically, by increasing the length of the transmission line at one transmission terminal by half a wavelength, the phases of the two output signals can be made 180° different. By setting the signal phases of the two first signal transmission terminals 41 to differ by 180°, a symmetrical radiation pattern can be achieved, ensuring more uniform radiation characteristics in the horizontal direction of the antenna and reducing signal blind spots. Furthermore, a symmetrical radiation pattern can improve antenna gain, especially in scenarios where high directivity is required. Precisely controlling the phase difference through the power splitter can reduce interference during signal transmission and improve the antenna's signal transmission efficiency.

[0062] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 As shown, the base station antenna also includes a matching stub 7, which is connected to the second signal transmission port 42 of the power divider via a third switch 71. The matching stub 7 is an impedance matching element used to optimize the antenna's input impedance to match the characteristic impedance of the feed network. By providing a third switch 71 between the matching stub 7 and the power divider, the operating state of the matching stub 7 can be dynamically adjusted, thereby achieving flexible impedance matching.

[0063] Specifically, the main function of the matching branch 7 is to adjust the input impedance of the antenna so that it matches the characteristic impedance of the feed network, thereby reducing reflection loss and improving the efficiency of the antenna. On this basis, the third switch 71 is connected between the matching branch 7 and the second signal transmission end 42 of the power divider. By controlling the conduction and disconnection of the third switch 71, the working state of the matching branch 7 can be changed, thereby achieving flexible impedance matching, so that the antenna system can adapt to different working states and requirements, and improving the versatility and adaptability of the system. When the third switch 71 is turned on, the matching branch 7 and the power divider form a complete matching network, which can optimize the input impedance of the antenna. When the third switch 71 is disconnected, the matching branch 7 is separated from the matching network, and the input impedance of the antenna is restored to its original state. In practical applications, the length and position of the matching branch 7 can be designed according to the operating frequency of the antenna and the required impedance matching requirements. For example, the length of the matching branch 7 is a quarter wavelength or a multiple thereof.

[0064] Furthermore, in an embodiment where the second parasitic unit 6 includes a conductive column 61, when the second switch 62 is turned on, the third switch 71 is turned on. This collaborative control method ensures that when the conductive column 61 is working, the matching branch 7 is also in a working state, thereby achieving comprehensive optimization of the antenna radiation characteristics. Specifically, when the second switch 62 is turned on, the coupling between the conductive column 61 and the main antenna is enhanced, so that the horizontal plane wave width of the antenna is widened, thereby synthesizing a wide beam. This wide beam is suitable for scenarios that require wide coverage. At the same time, by optimizing the impedance matching of the matching branch 7, the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be improved, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna. Through the collaborative control of the second switch 62 and the third switch 71, dynamic regulation of the horizontal plane wave width of the antenna can be achieved. Dynamic beam width control supports multiple operating modes, and the antenna can operate at different frequencies and bandwidths, thereby improving the flexibility and applicability of the system.

[0065] Figure 6A graph showing the vertical beamwidth control reflection coefficient of a base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. The horizontal axis represents frequency, indicating the antenna's operating frequency range (in GHz). The vertical axis represents the reflection coefficient, which measures the degree of match between the antenna's input impedance and the feed network's characteristic impedance (in dB). A smaller reflection coefficient indicates a better match between the antenna's input impedance and the feed network's characteristic impedance, resulting in lower reflection loss. Figure 6 Curve 1 in FIG corresponds to the state where the first switch 32 is disconnected (the wave width is H wide); curve 2 corresponds to the state where the first switch 32 is on (the wave width is H narrow). Figure 6 The reflection coefficient curves shown show that the antenna's reflection coefficient varies little across different beamwidths (curve 1 for wide beams and curve 2 for narrow beams). This demonstrates that the beamwidth control achieved by regulating the first parasitic element 3 has minimal impact on the antenna's impedance matching, allowing the antenna to maintain good impedance matching across all operating conditions. Furthermore, since the reflection coefficient curves show that the antenna's impedance matching remains stable across different beamwidths, there's no need to introduce additional matching branches to adjust the matching of antenna element 5. This simplifies the antenna's design and manufacturing process, improving system reliability.

[0066] Figure 7 This is the vertical beamwidth control pattern of the base station antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The horizontal axis represents the radiation angle in the antenna radiation pattern, in degrees; the vertical axis represents the normalized radiation intensity of the antenna at different angles, in dB. Figure 7 Among the six curves, the narrower three curves 4-6 are located inside the wider three curves 1-3, and the inner three curves 4-6 represent the normalized radiation intensity corresponding to the three frequencies (2.5GHz, 2.6GHz, and 2.7GHz) when the switch is on. The outer three curves 1-3 represent the normalized radiation intensity corresponding to the three frequencies (2.5GHz, 2.6GHz, and 2.7GHz) when the switch is off. Figure 7 As can be seen from the directional diagram shown, both the wide beam and the narrow beam in the vertical plane are very stable, and stable switching from 102° to 66° can be achieved before and after the switch is switched from off to on.

[0067] As can be seen from the above, the embodiment of the present application realizes the regulation of the vertical plane wave width through the first parasitic unit 3. This regulation method has little effect on the impedance matching of the antenna. The antenna can maintain good impedance matching under different wave width states without the need for additional matching branches. Moreover, whether it is a wide beam or a narrow beam, the radiation pattern of the antenna is very stable, ensuring the efficient radiation performance of the antenna under different working conditions. By simply adjusting at least one of the size, position and switching state of the first parasitic unit 3, flexible regulation of the vertical plane wave width can be achieved, which is suitable for application scenarios that require dynamic adjustment of the beam width. Therefore, the present application not only optimizes the radiation characteristics of the antenna, but also simplifies the design and manufacturing process of the antenna, and improves the reliability and flexibility of the system.

[0068] Figure 8 The base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts Figure 1 and Figure 2 The horizontal plane beamwidth control pattern corresponding to the second parasitic unit in the antenna. Among them, curves 1 to 9 represent the antenna radiation pattern at specific frequencies (including 2.5GHz, 2.6GHz, and 2.7GHz) and the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns, respectively. The E-plane beamwidth is 92°-112°, and the H-plane beamwidth is 67°-68°. The second parasitic unit 6 corresponding to this pattern includes 8 conductive posts 61, and 4 conductive posts 61 are set on each side of the antenna unit 5. Figure 8 As can be seen, using eight conductive pillars 61 to control the horizontal beamwidth results in relatively stable performance when widening the horizontal plane (E-plane), while also having minimal impact on the vertical plane (H-plane) beamwidth, with variations in the vertical plane beamwidth kept within 1°. This design significantly reduces the interference of horizontal plane control on vertical beam characteristics, thereby achieving independent control in both dimensions. In practical applications, other arrangements are also possible, and parameters such as the number, position, and height of the conductive pillars 61 can be optimized based on the desired beamwidth.

[0069] Figures 9 to 14 The following are the radiation patterns in the vertical and horizontal planes under different beamwidth conditions. The horizontal axis represents the radiation angle in the antenna radiation pattern, in degrees; the vertical axis represents the radiation intensity, in dB. Curves 1 to 3 represent how the radiation intensity of the antenna changes with angle at different frequencies (2.52GHz, 2.6GHz, 2.68GHz). Figures 9 to 14 The directional pattern results show that the present invention has achieved two-dimensional high stability beam width adjustment. This means that the antenna is in the vertical plane (H plane, i.e., Figure 1 The XOZ plane where the X axis and Z axis are located) and the horizontal plane (E plane, that is, Figure 1The beamwidth in the XOZ plane (the Y and Z axes) can be independently controlled and remains stable in different beam states. Furthermore, the beamwidth in each state fluctuates by only ±2.5° within the frequency band, demonstrating minimal variation in the antenna's beamwidth at different frequencies and high stability. Table 2 below shows the beamwidth values for each beam state. Table 3 below also shows the beamwidth values for each beam state.

[0070] Table 2

[0071]

[0072] As can be seen from Table 2, the antenna can achieve different beam widths in different beam states, and the fluctuation within the frequency band is very small, indicating that the beam width control has high accuracy and stability.

[0073] Table 3

[0074] Table 3 shows that the gain varies across different beam states. This is due to the different beam widths. Narrower beam widths increase gain, while wider beam widths decrease gain. Gain changes inversely with beam width, which aligns with fundamental principles of antenna design.

[0075] Figure 15 This figure shows the simulation results of the gain of the base station antenna in various beam states provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The horizontal axis represents frequency, indicating the antenna's operating frequency range (in GHz); the vertical axis represents gain (in dBi). Curves 1 through 4 represent the variation of antenna gain (Gain) with frequency under different conditions (within the 2.50 GHz to 2.70 GHz frequency range). Combining Tables 2 and 3, in the E-narrow H-narrow beam state, the vertical beamwidth is 63°-68°, the horizontal beamwidth is 60°-64°, and the gain is 8.92-9.49 dBi. This state is suitable for scenarios requiring high directivity. In the E-narrow H-wide beam state, the vertical beamwidth is 66°-71°, the horizontal beamwidth is 95°-97°, and the gain is 7.42-7.81 dBi. This state is suitable for scenarios requiring wider horizontal coverage. In the E-Wide H-Narrow beam mode, the vertical beamwidth is 86°-87°, the horizontal beamwidth is 56°-62°, and the gain is 7.81-7.82 dBi. This mode is suitable for scenarios requiring wider vertical coverage. In the E-Wide H-Wide beam mode, the vertical beamwidth is 95°-100°, the horizontal beamwidth is 100°-102°, and the gain is 5.80-6.33 dBi. This mode is suitable for scenarios requiring wider coverage in both directions.

[0076] from Figure 15It can be seen that the antenna gain changes relatively steadily in different beam states, without significant fluctuations. This indicates that the antenna design can maintain good radiation efficiency in different operating states.

[0077] Figure 16 The simulation results of the standing wave ratio of the base station antenna in various beam states provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis is the frequency, which represents the frequency range of the antenna operation, in GHz; the vertical axis represents the standing wave ratio. Curves 1 to 4 respectively represent the simulation results of the standing wave ratio (VSWR, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) of the antenna at different frequencies. The standing wave ratio is a parameter that measures the impedance matching degree of the antenna input port. The closer the value is to 1, the better the matching is and the smaller the reflection loss is. Figure 16 The results show that each beam state can cover the 2515MHz-2675MHz frequency band, achieving good matching. This means that the antenna can maintain good impedance matching in different beam states, reducing reflection loss and improving signal transmission efficiency.

[0078] As another technical solution, an embodiment of the present application further provides a base station, including the above-mentioned base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0079] The present disclosure has disclosed example embodiments, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and should be interpreted only in a general illustrative sense and not for purposes of limitation. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise expressly indicated, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with a particular embodiment may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments. Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A base station antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dielectric substrate, a floor provided on the dielectric substrate and two first parasitic units, and a feeding network structure, an antenna unit and a second parasitic unit provided on a side of the floor away from the dielectric substrate, wherein: The two first parasitic units are arranged on the same layer as the floor and are located on both sides of the floor along the first direction, and are used to tune the boundary characteristics of the floor reflection surface; At least two second parasitic units are provided on both sides of the antenna unit along the second direction, for adjusting the beam width of the antenna unit in the horizontal plane; the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the floor, and are respectively parallel to the vertical plane and horizontal plane of the antenna unit.

2. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The first parasitic unit includes at least two conductive sheets, which are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and a first switch is provided between each two adjacent conductive sheets.

3. The base station antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The conductive sheet is rectangular, square or arc-shaped.

4. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein: At least two second parasitic units located on the same side of the antenna unit are spaced apart along the first direction, and each second parasitic unit on one side of the antenna unit corresponds to each second parasitic unit on the other side in a one-to-one arrangement along the second direction.

5. The base station antenna according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The second parasitic unit includes a conductive column, which is vertically arranged relative to the floor, and one end of the conductive column is connected to the floor through a second switch.

6. The base station antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The first parasitic unit includes at least two conductive sheets, the at least two conductive sheets are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and a first switch is provided between each two adjacent conductive sheets; The on-off state of the first switch is associated with the on-off state of the second switch.

7. The base station antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna unit includes a sheet-shaped antenna body and two sheet-shaped supports, wherein the sheet-shaped antenna body is arranged parallel to the side of the floor away from the dielectric substrate; The two sheet-like supports are perpendicular to the floor and are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction; one end of the two sheet-like supports is connected to the sheet-like antenna body, and the other end is electrically connected to the two first signal transmission ends of the feeding network structure.

8. The base station antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that The sheet antenna body is rectangular or square, and grooves are symmetrically formed on two sides of the sheet antenna body perpendicular to the second direction.

9. The base station antenna according to claim 7, wherein: The feed network structure includes a power splitter, and the power splitter has two first signal transmission ends and one second signal transmission end; The power divider is configured so that the phases of the signals transmitted from the second signal transmission end to the two first signal transmission ends differ by 180°.

10. The base station antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The base station antenna further includes a matching branch, which is connected to the second signal transmission end of the power divider via a third switch.

11. The base station antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that: The second parasitic unit includes a conductive column, the conductive column is vertically arranged relative to the floor, and one end of the conductive column is connected to the floor via a second switch; When the second switch is turned on, the third switch is turned on.

12. A base station, characterized in that: The base station antenna comprises the base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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