Antennas and base stations

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an antenna and a base station including the antenna. The antenna includes: a passive antenna including a radiator and a base plate, the radiator including a radiator unit, the base plate including a base plate unit; a frequency selective surface including a frequency selective surface unit; and an active antenna, wherein the frequency selective surface is provided between the passive antenna and the active antenna, and the pattern of the radiator unit, the pattern of the base plate unit, and the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit have the same electrical parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular, to an antenna and a base station including the antenna. Background Art

[0002] To reduce operating costs, the integration of antenna frequency bands continues to increase, leading to the need for the integrated deployment of 5G active antenna units (AAUs) and 4G long-term evolution (LTE) antennas. This has led to the emergence of active + passive antennas, also known as "A+P antennas" (Active Antenna plus Passive Antenna).

[0003] Traditional A+P antennas support co-aperture between passive low-frequency antennas (690MHz to 960MHz) and active high-frequency antennas (3400MHz to 3800MHz). In traditional A+P antennas, the operating frequency ratio of the active antenna to the passive antenna (hereinafter referred to as the "frequency ratio") is approximately 3.4. However, traditional A+P antennas have difficulty achieving smaller frequency ratios (for example, less than 1.3). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure provides an antenna and a base station including the antenna.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, comprising: a passive antenna, comprising a radiator and a base plate, the radiator comprising a radiator unit, and the base plate comprising a base plate unit; a frequency selective surface comprising a frequency selective surface unit; and an active antenna, wherein the frequency selective surface is arranged between the passive antenna and the active antenna, and the pattern of the radiator unit, the pattern of the base plate unit, and the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit have the same electrical parameters.

[0006] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a base station, which includes an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0007] According to the antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure, by jointly designing the passive antenna and the frequency selective surface, the passive antenna can be used as a part of the frequency selective surface, and the following technical effects can be obtained: ensuring the passive antenna's ability to transmit the active antenna's radiated waves, reducing the passive antenna's insertion loss to the active antenna; reducing the coupling effect of the passive antenna on the frequency selective surface, and ensuring the electrical performance of the frequency selective surface; increasing the equivalent number of layers of the frequency selective surface, improving the frequency selective surface's roll-off capability and inter-frequency isolation, and ensuring the passive antenna performance, thereby achieving a smaller frequency ratio and achieving the same aperture of the passive intermediate frequency antenna and the active high frequency antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure:

[0009] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a conventional A+P antenna;

[0010] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0011] Figures 3A to 3D FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of a passive antenna in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 3A shows a side view of a passive antenna, Figure 3B shows a top view of the passive antenna, Figure 3C shows a perspective schematic diagram of a passive antenna, Figure 3D A schematic diagram of a base plate of a passive antenna is shown;

[0012] Figures 4A to 4C FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 4A shows a perspective schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface, Figure 4B A schematic diagram showing a frequency selective surface unit of a frequency selective surface, Figure 4C Other schematic diagrams showing frequency selective surface units of a frequency selective surface;

[0013] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing a passive antenna and a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0014] Figure 6A A schematic diagram showing a passive antenna and a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0015] Figure 6B Another schematic diagram showing a passive antenna and a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 6C Another schematic diagram showing a passive antenna and a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 7 A diagram showing the effect of the number of layers of a frequency selective surface on passband and stopband performance;

[0018] Figure 8 A comparative graph of transmission coefficients is shown;

[0019] Figure 9 The active antenna pattern after loading the FSS and passive IF antenna array is shown;

[0020] Figure 10 Another schematic diagram showing a passive antenna and a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 11 Shows the application Figure 10 A diagram of the bottom plate of the passive low-frequency antenna in the A+P antenna is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the illustrated embodiments may be embodied in different forms, and the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth below. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully understand the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0024] The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the detailed embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. The above and other features and advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art by describing the detailed embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The present disclosure may be described with reference to plan views and / or cross-sectional views by way of ideal schematic views of the present disclosure. Therefore, the exemplary illustrations may be modified according to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances.

[0026] In the absence of conflict, the various embodiments of the present disclosure and the various features therein may be combined with each other.

[0027] The terms used in this disclosure are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the disclosure. As used in this disclosure, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated items. As used in this disclosure, the singular forms "a" and "the" are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used in this disclosure, the terms "comprising" and "made of" specify the presence of the features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in this disclosure have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or excessively formal meaning unless expressly defined in this disclosure.

[0029] The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but includes modifications of the configurations formed based on the manufacturing process. Therefore, the regions illustrated in the drawings have schematic properties, and the shapes of the regions shown in the drawings illustrate the specific shapes of the regions, but are not intended to be limiting.

[0030] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a traditional A+P antenna.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the passive antenna is located in the wavefront direction of the active antenna, and its frequency is lower than that of the active antenna. A frequency selective surface (FSS) exists between the passive and active antennas. The FSS reflects the low-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the passive antenna and transmits the high-frequency electromagnetic waves radiated by the active antenna, thus achieving an integrated deployment of the passive and active antennas. The passive antenna operates in the 690MHz to 960MHz frequency band, while the active antenna operates in the 3400MHz to 3800MHz frequency band, with a frequency ratio of approximately 3.4.

[0032] The reduction in the frequency ratio between active antennas and passive antennas will lead to increased frequency coupling between active antennas and passive antennas, which puts higher requirements on the FSS stopband and passband roll-off performance, making the FSS design more complicated and increasing the cost.

[0033] On the other hand, traditional A+P antennas only have 6 to 10 passive elements placed in the active antenna's wavefront direction. When setting up a passive IF antenna (1710 MHz to 2690 MHz), the number of passive elements needs to be increased to 20 to 32. This increase in the number of passive elements will result in: 1) increased electromagnetic shielding of the active antenna by the passive element radiators and the baseplate; and 2) electromagnetic loading of the FSS by the passive element radiators and the baseplate, affecting its electrical performance.

[0034] Because traditional A+P antennas have a high frequency ratio, they only require one layer of FSS to isolate the low-frequency passive antenna from the high-frequency active antenna. Furthermore, because the passive antenna has fewer elements, it does not affect the FSS with electromagnetic loading. Simple measures (such as a quarter-wavelength open-circuit line or a parallel LC circuit) can reduce electromagnetic shielding of the active antenna by the passive antenna.

[0035] Based on the above reasons, the design difficulty of the co-aperture of passive IF antennas and active HF antennas is much higher than that of traditional A+P, and traditional A+P antenna technology cannot meet the design requirements of the co-aperture of passive IF antennas and active HF antennas.

[0036] This disclosure proposes an A+P antenna and its design method. The antenna includes a passive intermediate frequency antenna operating in the 1710MHz to 2690MHz frequency band, an FSS antenna, and an active high frequency antenna operating in the 3300MHz to 3800MHz frequency band. The relative bandwidth is approximately 45%, and the frequency ratio of the active antenna to the passive antenna can be less than 1.3.

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a passive antenna 100, a frequency selective surface 200 and an active antenna 300. The passive antenna 100 is arranged in the wavefront direction of the active antenna 300, and the frequency selective surface 200 is arranged between the passive antenna 100 and the active antenna 300.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the passive antenna 100 may include a passive intermediate frequency antenna with an operating frequency band of 1710 MHz to 2690 MHz, the active antenna 300 may include an active high frequency antenna with an operating frequency band of 3300 MHz to 3800 MHz, the reflection frequency band of the frequency selective surface 200 is 690 MHz to 2690 MHz, the transmission frequency band of the frequency selective surface 200 is 3300 MHz to 3800 MHz, and the frequency ratio of the frequency selective surface 200 is less than 1.3.

[0040] Figures 3A to 3D A schematic diagram of a passive antenna in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3A shows a side view of the passive antenna 100, Figure 3B shows a top view of the passive antenna 100, Figure 3C shows a perspective schematic diagram of a passive antenna 100, Figure 3D A schematic diagram of a base plate of the passive antenna 100 is shown.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the passive antenna 100 includes a radiator 102 and a base plate 104. The radiator 102 includes a radiator unit 1021 (e.g. Figure 3B and Figure 3C As shown in the dotted box in FIG, the base plate 104 includes a base plate unit 1041.

[0042] like Figure 3B As shown, the radiator 102 of the passive antenna 100 includes a radiator substrate and four rotationally symmetrical radiator units 1021 disposed on the radiator substrate. The radiator substrate may include a PCB board.

[0043] like Figure 3D As shown, the bottom plate of the passive antenna 100 includes a bottom plate substrate and a bottom plate unit 1041 provided on the bottom plate substrate. The bottom plate substrate may be a PCB board.

[0044] See also Figure 3A According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the passive antenna 100 further includes a director 101 and a feed balun 103. Figure 3A As shown, the director 101 is arranged above the radiator 102 , and the feed balun 103 is arranged to connect the radiator 102 and the base plate 104 .

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the director 101 includes an intermediate frequency dipole director with electromagnetic transmission capabilities to transmit active high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The feed balun 103, also known as a balanced-unbalanced converter (balun), is used to achieve balanced conversion and impedance matching between the coaxial feed line and the symmetrical dipole. For example, it converts the unbalanced current in the coaxial feed line into the balanced current in the symmetrical dipole, suppressing common-mode radiation. It also matches the feed line impedance (e.g., 50Ω) with the dipole impedance (e.g., 75Ω) to maximize power transfer.

[0046] Figures 4A to 4C A schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 4A shows a perspective schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface 200, Figure 4B A schematic diagram showing a frequency selective surface unit of the frequency selective surface 200 is shown. Figure 4C Another schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface unit of the frequency selective surface 200 is shown.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the frequency selective surface 200 includes a frequency selective surface unit 2001 (e.g., Figure 4A As shown in the dotted box in Figure 3C and Figure 4AAs shown, the frequency selective surface 200 includes a first surface 201 and a second surface 202 , but it should be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the frequency selective surface 200 may have one layer or more than two layers.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the frequency selective surface includes multiple layers of frequency selective surface, a dielectric layer is filled between two adjacent layers of frequency selective surface. The filled dielectric layer includes but is not limited to dielectric materials such as air, foam, and ceramic.

[0049] like Figure 4A As shown, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a frequency selective surface 200 includes at least one frequency selective surface layer, each of which includes a frequency selective surface substrate and a plurality of frequency selective surface units 2001 arranged in a matrix on the frequency selective surface substrate. The frequency selective surface substrate may include a dielectric material such as a PCB, an antenna cover, or ceramics.

[0050] like Figure 4B As shown, the frequency selective surface unit 2001 may include an inner pattern 2001_1 and an outer annular pattern 2001_2 surrounding the inner pattern 2001_1. Figure 4B In the example of FIG, the inner pattern 2001_1 has a square shape, and the outer annular pattern 2001_2 has a square ring shape surrounding the inner pattern 2001_1. However, it should be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the inner pattern 2001_1 has a circular shape, and the outer annular pattern 2001_2 has a circular ring shape surrounding the inner pattern 2001_1, or the inner pattern 2001_1 has a cross shape, and the outer annular pattern 2001_2 has a cross ring shape surrounding the inner pattern 2001_1, as shown in FIG. Figure 4C The pattern of the frequency selective surface unit 2001 can be selected from various patterns of bandpass frequency selective surface units and is not limited to the example shown in the figure.

[0051] like Figure 4B and Figure 4C As shown, the inner pattern 2001_1 and the outer annular pattern 2001_2 form a nested pattern of one layer, but it should be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the number of nested layers may be greater than one. For example, the inner pattern 2001_1 and the outer annular pattern 2001_2 may form a nested pattern of two or more layers, that is, the outer annular pattern 2001_2 is not limited to one. Figure 4B and Figure 4C Rather than one layer as shown, there may be two or more layers.

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when a frequency selective surface comprises multiple layers of frequency selective surfaces, the frequency selective surface elements 2001 formed on the frequency selective surfaces of different layers may have the same or similar patterns. It should be appreciated that, in the context of the present disclosure, the same or similar patterns mean that the patterns are not necessarily the same in size and / or style, but have the same electrical parameters. In the context of the present disclosure, the same electrical parameters mean having the same passband and / or stopband characteristics, that is, having the same frequency selective characteristics.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the pattern of the radiator unit 1021 and the pattern of the bottom plate unit 1041 have the same electrical parameters as the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit 2001 .

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radiator unit 1021 and the bottom plate unit 1041 of the passive antenna 100 may have the same or similar patterns as the frequency selective surface unit 2001. That is, the pattern of the radiator unit 1021 and the pattern of the bottom plate unit 1041 may include an internal pattern and an external ring pattern, the internal pattern may have a square shape, and the external ring pattern may have a square ring shape; or the internal pattern may have a circle shape, and the external ring pattern may have a circular ring shape; or the internal pattern may have a cross shape, and the external ring pattern may have a cross ring shape. The number of nested layers of the external ring pattern may be one or more layers. For the radiator 102, the external ring pattern in the pattern of the radiator unit 1021 also assumes the function of electromagnetic wave radiation; for the bottom plate 104, the internal pattern in the pattern of the bottom plate unit 1041 also assumes the function of a pad and a balun short circuit.

[0055] It should be recognized that the pattern of the radiator unit 1021 and the pattern of the base plate unit 1041 can be the same as or different from the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit 2001. For example, when the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit 2001 is "square + square ring", the pattern of the radiator unit 1021 and the pattern of the base plate unit 1041 can be "square + square ring", or "circle + circular ring" or "cross + cross ring". As long as the pattern of the radiator unit 1021 and the pattern of the base plate unit 1041 have the same electrical parameters as the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit 2001, the radiator unit 1021 and the base plate unit 1041 have the same frequency selection capability for electromagnetic waves as the frequency selective surface unit 2001.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radiator 102 and the bottom plate 104 of the passive antenna 100 adopt the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit 2001 . Therefore, the radiator 102 and the bottom plate 104 of the passive antenna 100 can be regarded as two layers of frequency selective surfaces.

[0057] According to the antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure, by jointly designing the passive antenna and the frequency selective surface, the passive antenna can be used as a part of the frequency selective surface, and the following technical effects can be obtained: ensuring the passive antenna's ability to transmit the active antenna's radiated waves, reducing the passive antenna's insertion loss to the active antenna; reducing the coupling effect of the passive antenna on the frequency selective surface, and ensuring the electrical performance of the frequency selective surface; increasing the equivalent number of layers of the frequency selective surface, improving the frequency selective surface's roll-off capability and inter-frequency isolation, and ensuring the passive antenna performance, thereby achieving a smaller frequency ratio and achieving the same aperture of the passive intermediate frequency antenna and the active high frequency antenna.

[0058] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing a passive antenna and a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0059] See also Figure 5 The upper dashed box shows the passive antenna 100, and the lower dashed box shows the frequency selective surface 200. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, on a co-aperture array, a local area can present an equivalent four-layer frequency selective surface, namely, the two-layer frequency selective surface shown in the figure plus the radiator 102 and base plate 104 of the passive antenna 100, which have the same electrical parameters as the frequency selective surface 200. This structure can achieve better roll-off performance than a two-layer frequency selective surface, and a lower profile height than a three-layer frequency selective surface.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first distance H1 is defined between the radiator 102 and the frequency selective surface 200, and a second distance H2 is defined between the base plate 104 and the frequency selective surface 200. The first distance H1 is in the range of 0.1λ to 0.18λ, and the second distance H2 is in the range of 0.01λ to 0.08λ, where λ is the resonant wavelength of the passive antenna 100.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the radiator element 1021 has a first size, the frequency selective surface element 2001 has a second size, and the base plate element 1041 has a third size. The first size can be between 0.5 times and 1.5 times the second size, i.e., 0.5 × second size < first size < 1.5 × second size. The third size can be between 0.5 times and 1.5 times the second size, i.e., 0.5 × second size < third size < 1.5 × second size. By adjusting the sizes of the radiator element 1021 and the base plate element 1041, it can be adapted to different frequency combinations of passive antennas and active antennas.

[0062] Figures 6A to 6CA schematic diagram showing a passive antenna and a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0063] like Figures 6A to 6C As shown, according to the antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the passive antenna 100 includes a plurality of passive antennas 100 arranged in a matrix. Figure 3B and Figures 6A to 6C The radiator 102 of each of the plurality of passive antennas 100 includes a radiator substrate and four rotationally symmetrical radiator elements 1021 disposed on the radiator substrate.

[0064] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the positional relationship between the passive antenna 100 and the frequency selective surface 200 includes one of the following: the orthographic projection of the passive antenna 100 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the center of a single frequency selective surface unit 2001 (see Figure 6A The orthographic projection of the passive antenna 100 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the center of the four frequency selective surface elements 2001 (see Figure 6B ); or the orthographic projection of the passive antenna 100 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the center of the two frequency selective surface units 2001 (see Figure 6C ).

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the positional relationship between the passive antenna 100 and the frequency selective surface 200 includes one of the following: the orthographic projection of the passive antenna 100 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the center of a single frequency selective surface unit 2001, and the orthographic projection of the radiator unit 1021 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the centers of four frequency selective surface units 2001 (see Figure 6A ); The orthographic projection of the passive antenna 100 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the centers of the four frequency selective surface elements 2001, and the orthographic projection of the radiator element 1021 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the center of a single frequency selective surface element 2001 (see Figure 6B ); or the orthographic projection of the passive antenna 100 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the centers of two adjacent frequency selective surface units 2001 in the first direction, and the orthographic projection of the radiator unit 1021 on the frequency selective surface 200 is aligned with the centers of two adjacent frequency selective surface units 2001 in the second direction, and the first direction intersects the second direction (see Figure 6C ).

[0066] Figure 7 Graph showing the effect of the number of layers of a frequency selective surface on the performance of the passband and stopband.

[0067] like Figure 7As shown in FIG, as the number of frequency selective surface (FSS) layers increases, a smaller frequency ratio can be achieved, so that the reflection band and the transmission band have better isolation and reflection efficiency.

[0068] exist Figure 7 The left side shows the varying degrees of variation for the three curves corresponding to one, two, and three FSS layers, demonstrating the different roll-off performance in each case. The greater degree of variation for the curve corresponding to the three-layer FSS results in a closer passband and stopband, thus achieving a smaller frequency ratio.

[0069] Figure 8 A comparative graph showing the transmission coefficient of FSS is shown.

[0070] like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the solid line is the transmission coefficient curve of the FSS without loading, the dotted line is the transmission coefficient curve of the FSS after loading a conventional intermediate frequency oscillator, and the dashed line is the transmission coefficient curve of the FSS after loading a passive intermediate frequency oscillator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As can be seen from the figure, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, loading a passive antenna designed jointly with the FSS can reduce the impact on the passband insertion loss of the FSS and improve the reflection coefficient in the stopband.

[0071] Figure 9 The active antenna pattern after loading the FSS and passive IF antenna array is shown.

[0072] like Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the active antenna's directional pattern waveform is not distorted, and the average gain reduction within the band is less than 0.1dB.

[0073] Figure 10 Another schematic diagram showing a passive antenna and a frequency selective surface in an A+P antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 11 Shows the application Figure 10 A diagram of the bottom plate of the passive low-frequency antenna in the A+P antenna is shown.

[0074] like Figure 10 As shown, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the passive antenna 100 further includes a passive low-frequency antenna, wherein the operating frequency band of the passive low-frequency antenna is 690 MHz to 960 MHz.

[0075] The antenna design method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can also be used for base station antennas with the same aperture as passive low-frequency and medium-frequency antennas and active high-frequency antennas, such as Figure 10 As shown. The base plate and radiator of the passive intermediate frequency antenna adopt the design method according to the above embodiment. The base plate of the passive low frequency antenna can also adopt the FSS design method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, such as Figure 11In particular, the radiator of the passive low-frequency antenna has a relatively small impact on the frequency selective surface 200 due to its greater distance from the frequency selective surface 200. Furthermore, since the passive low-frequency antenna has a small number of oscillators, a simple electrical design can achieve transmission through the active high-frequency antenna.

[0076] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a base station, which includes the antenna according to each embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0077] According to the base station of the embodiment of the present disclosure, by jointly designing the passive antenna and frequency selective surface of the base station antenna, the passive antenna can be used as a part of the frequency selective surface, and the following technical effects can be obtained: ensuring the passive antenna's ability to transmit the active antenna's radiation waves, reducing the passive antenna's insertion loss to the active antenna; reducing the coupling effect of the passive antenna on the frequency selective surface, and ensuring the electrical performance of the frequency selective surface; increasing the equivalent number of layers of the frequency selective surface, improving the frequency selective surface's roll-off capability and inter-frequency isolation, and ensuring the passive antenna performance, thereby achieving a smaller frequency ratio and achieving the same aperture of the passive intermediate frequency antenna and the active high frequency antenna.

[0078] The present disclosure has disclosed example embodiments, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and should be interpreted only in a general illustrative sense and not for purposes of limitation. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise expressly indicated, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with a particular embodiment may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments. Therefore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: The antenna comprises: A passive antenna comprising a radiator and a base plate, wherein the radiator comprises a radiator unit and the base plate comprises a base plate unit; a frequency selective surface comprising a frequency selective surface element; and Active antenna, The frequency selective surface is provided between the passive antenna and the active antenna, and the pattern of the radiator unit and the pattern of the bottom plate unit have the same frequency selection characteristics as the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The passive antenna includes a plurality of passive antennas arranged in a matrix, The radiator of each of the plurality of passive antennas includes a radiator substrate and four rotationally symmetrical radiator units disposed on the radiator substrate.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The bottom plate of each of the plurality of passive antennas includes a bottom plate substrate and a bottom plate unit disposed on the bottom plate substrate.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The passive antenna also includes a director and a feed balun. The director is arranged above the radiator, and the feed balun is arranged to connect the radiator and the base plate.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The frequency selective surface includes at least one frequency selective surface layer, and each of the at least one frequency selective surface layer includes a frequency selective surface substrate and a plurality of frequency selective surface units arranged in a matrix and disposed on the frequency selective surface substrate.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The positional relationship between the passive antenna and the frequency selective surface includes one of the following: The orthographic projection of the passive antenna on the frequency selective surface is aligned with the center of a single frequency selective surface element; The orthographic projection of the passive antenna on the frequency selective surface is aligned with the centers of the four frequency selective surface elements; or The orthographic projection of the passive antenna on the frequency selective surface is aligned with the centers of two frequency selective surface elements.

7. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The frequency selective surface comprises a plurality of layers of frequency selective surfaces, and a dielectric layer is filled between two adjacent layers of frequency selective surfaces.

8. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The positional relationship between the passive antenna and the frequency selective surface includes: There is a first distance between the radiator and the frequency selective surface, and a second distance between the bottom plate and the frequency selective surface. The first distance is in the range of 0.1λ to 0.18λ, the second distance is in the range of 0.01λ to 0.08λ, and λ is the resonant wavelength of the passive antenna.

9. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The radiator element has a first size, the frequency selective surface element has a second size, and the first size is between 0.5 times the second size and 1.5 times the second size.

10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The base plate element has a third size, the frequency selective surface element has a second size, and the third size is between 0.5 times the second size and 1.5 times the second size.

11. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The passive antenna includes a passive intermediate frequency antenna, and the active antenna includes an active high frequency antenna. The passive intermediate frequency antenna operates in a frequency band of 1710 MHz to 2690 MHz, and the active high frequency antenna operates in a frequency band of 3400 MHz to 3800 MHz.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, wherein: The passive antenna also includes a passive low-frequency antenna, The passive low-frequency antenna operates in a frequency band of 690 MHz to 960 MHz.

13. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that The pattern of the radiator unit, the pattern of the base unit, and the pattern of the frequency selective surface unit include an inner pattern and an outer annular pattern, and a combination of the inner pattern and the outer annular pattern includes one of the following: Square and square ring; circular and donut-shaped; Cross and cross ring.

14. The antenna according to claim 13, wherein: The outer annular pattern includes a multi-layer outer annular pattern.

15. A base station comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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