Hydrogen fuel cell-lead acid cell combined power supply system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell-lead acid cell combined power supply system and method. The hydrogen fuel cell-lead acid cell combined power supply system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell pack (1), a lead acid cell pack (2), a direct current switchboard (3), an alternating current switchboard (4) and an external power supply (5), the hydrogen fuel battery pack (1) is used for generating power by combusting hydrogen fuel and outputting electric energy to the direct-current switchboard (3) and / or the lead-acid battery pack (2); the lead-acid battery pack (2) is used for outputting electric energy to the direct-current distribution board (3) and / or storing the electric energy input by the direct-current distribution board (3); the direct-current switchboard (3) transmits direct-current electric energy of the hydrogen fuel battery pack (1), the lead-acid battery pack (2) and / or the external power supply (5) to the direct-current load equipment (6); the alternating-current switchboard (4) is used for outputting electric energy to the direct-current switchboard (3) and the alternating-current load equipment (7); and the external power supply (5) inputs electric energy into the direct-current switchboard (3) and / or the alternating-current switchboard (4).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power direct current power supplies, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system and method. Background Art

[0002] During the development of pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the number of devices powered by DC and UPS power supplies has increased significantly. The capacity of the lead-acid battery packs used in these systems has continued to increase to meet the increasing high current demands (in seconds) during startup of motor loads and the long-term discharge conditions. However, due to limitations in lead-acid battery cell capacity, layout space, cable selection, and protection switch capacity, key design and development issues such as selection, layout, operation, and maintenance have become increasingly prominent. How to ensure that the DC system can meet the power demands of the load while minimizing the capacity and number of lead-acid batteries and diversifying the DC power supply has become an urgent issue.

[0003] Hydrogen fuel cells have a decades-long history of development, and industrial hydrogen production is becoming increasingly mature, with costs declining year by year. The entire hydrogen production chain, from production to storage and transportation to combustion or power generation, has also been put into practical use. Hydrogen is also safer than lithium-ion batteries. Its greatest risk, flammability, can be mitigated through highly reliable storage devices and reliable ventilation in the event of a leak.

[0004] Patent document CN109687002B discloses a distributed combined cooling, heating and power system, in which: a hydrogen production and storage system electrolyzes high-temperature water vapor to produce oxygen and hydrogen; a first fuel cell system uses oxygen or air and hydrogen to generate electricity, and transmits the generated electricity to a microgrid; a second fuel cell system uses hydrogen or natural gas and air to generate electricity, and transmits the electricity to a microgrid, and burns the remaining hydrogen or natural gas and air to produce flue gas; an absorption chiller uses flue gas and high-temperature water vapor for cooling; a hydrothermal management system extracts the heat generated by the operation of the first fuel cell system, the hydrogen production and storage system, and the absorption chiller, and supplies it to users in the form of hot water; the renewable energy energy supply system generates high-temperature water vapor, but does not solve the problem of optimizing the DC and UPS power systems and reducing the capacity and number of lead-acid battery packs while meeting the requirements of high current and long-term discharge.

[0005] Patent document CN109474010B discloses a grid-connected microgrid system with hydrogen energy recycling and a control method thereof. The system comprises a DC bus, a DC / AC bidirectional converter unit, and an AC bus connected in sequence; the DC bus is connected to a first fuel cell power generation unit, a photovoltaic power generation unit, and a battery; and the AC bus is connected to a second fuel cell power generation unit, a grid-connected switch, a user load power supply unit, an auxiliary system load power supply unit, and a hydrogen production and storage unit. The grid-connected microgrid system is used to implement the control method, which determines the operating state of the grid-connected microgrid system based on the operating state of the hydrogen production and storage unit, the operating state of the first fuel cell power generation unit, and the operating state of the DC / AC bidirectional converter unit. However, the system does not address the problem of optimizing the DC and UPS power systems and reducing the capacity and number of lead-acid battery packs while meeting high current and long-term discharge requirements.

[0006] In summary, the above two existing patents do not solve the problem of optimizing the DC and UPS power supply systems and reducing the capacity and number of lead-acid battery packs while meeting the requirements of large current and long-time discharge. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system and method to solve the problem of optimizing DC and UPS power supply systems and reducing the capacity and number of lead-acid battery packs while meeting the needs of large current and long-term discharge.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system.

[0009] A hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system, comprising a hydrogen fuel cell stack, a lead-acid battery stack, a DC distribution board, an AC distribution board, and multiple external power supplies, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the lead-acid battery stack, the AC distribution board, and some of the external power supplies are connected to the DC distribution board, the external AC distribution board is connected to some of the external power supplies, and the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected via a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board and / or the lead-acid battery stack;

[0010] The lead-acid battery pack is connected via a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board and / or is stored in the DC distribution board;

[0011] The DC distribution board is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell group, the lead-acid battery group and / or the external power source via cables and transmits electrical energy to the DC load equipment;

[0012] The AC distribution board is connected via cables and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board and AC load equipment;

[0013] The external power supply is connected via a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board and / or the AC distribution board.

[0014] Furthermore, the DC distribution board includes a busbar (31), and the busbar (31) is used to connect the hydrogen fuel cell group, the lead-acid battery group, the AC distribution board and part of the external power supply to the DC distribution board in parallel.

[0015] Furthermore, it comprises an inverter and a bypass transformer, wherein the inverter is connected to the busbar (31) and the AC distribution board; and the bypass transformer is connected to the AC distribution board and the external power supply.

[0016] Furthermore, the inverter is used to convert the DC power output by the DC distribution board into 220V AC power; the bypass transformer is used to reduce the voltage of the 380V AC power input by the external power supply to 220V AC power through the winding when the inverter fails or is overloaded, and directly bypass it to the AC distribution board.

[0017] Furthermore, it includes a rectifier, which is connected to the DC distribution board and the external power supply.

[0018] Furthermore, the rectifier is used to convert the 380V AC power input from the external power supply into 220V DC power, which is then output to the DC distribution board and the lead-acid battery pack after filtering and voltage stabilization.

[0019] Furthermore, the hydrogen fuel cell group includes a hydrogen storage tank, an air compressor, a hydrogen fuel cell stack and a DC converter. The hydrogen storage tank and the air compressor are arranged upstream of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack; the DC converter is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the DC distribution board.

[0020] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage tank is used to store hydrogen fuel; the air compressor is used to compress the ambient air to a preset pressure, and continuously supply oxygen-rich gas to the cathode side of the hydrogen fuel cell stack through a delivery pipeline to maintain the gas pressure and flow required for the hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction inside the stack; the hydrogen fuel cell stack is used to electrochemically convert the hydrogen fuel provided by the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen delivered by the air compressor to generate DC power and output it to the DC converter; the DC converter is used to perform voltage conversion and voltage regulation control on the DC power output by the hydrogen fuel cell stack to match the rated voltage level of the DC distribution board.

[0021] Furthermore, the hydrogen fuel cell stack also includes a constant pressure valve, a pressure reducing valve, an intake valve and a hydrogen concentration detection sensor. The constant pressure valve, the pressure reducing valve and the intake valve are arranged on the pipeline between the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen fuel cell stack; the hydrogen concentration detection sensor is arranged inside the space of the hydrogen fuel cell stack.

[0022] Furthermore, the constant pressure valve is used to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen fuel discharged from the hydrogen storage tank to a constant range; the pressure reducing valve is used to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen fuel output from the hydrogen storage tank to the pressure range required by the hydrogen fuel cell stack; the air intake valve is used to control the flow of hydrogen fuel entering the hydrogen fuel cell stack; the hydrogen concentration detection sensor is used to detect the ambient hydrogen concentration. If the hydrogen concentration in the environment exceeds a threshold, an alarm is issued and an alarm signal is sent to the main control room through a distributed control system.

[0023] A power supply method using the above hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system, comprising:

[0024] The external power supply inputs electric energy to the DC distribution board and the AC distribution board, the DC distribution board outputs electric energy to the DC load equipment and provides float charge for the lead-acid battery pack, and the AC distribution board outputs electric energy to the AC load equipment;

[0025] When the external power source fails, the lead-acid battery pack outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board to maintain the operation of the DC load equipment, triggering the hydrogen fuel cell pack to start, generate electricity through the hydrogen fuel cell and output electrical energy to the DC distribution board;

[0026] When the hydrogen fuel cell group reaches the rated output, the lead-acid battery group stops outputting electrical energy, and the hydrogen fuel cell group continues to output electrical energy to the DC load equipment.

[0027] Furthermore, inputting electric energy to the DC distribution board and the AC distribution board through the external power supply comprises:

[0028] The external power supply outputs electric energy to the DC distribution board through a rectifier; the external power supply outputs electric energy to the AC distribution board through a bypass transformer.

[0029] Furthermore, the method of inputting electric energy to the DC distribution board and the AC distribution board through the external power supply further comprises:

[0030] The DC distribution board outputs electric energy to the AC distribution board through the inverter.

[0031] Furthermore, triggering the hydrogen fuel cell stack to start up includes:

[0032] The pressure of the hydrogen fuel is controlled by the constant pressure valve and the pressure reducing valve, and the flow rate of the hydrogen fuel is controlled by controlling the opening of the intake valve.

[0033] Furthermore, the method of generating electricity by burning hydrogen fuel and outputting electric energy to the DC switchboard further comprises:

[0034] The hydrogen concentration of the environment where the hydrogen fuel cell group is located is monitored in real time. If it exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm is triggered, the hydrogen supply is reduced, and the ventilation device is controlled to exhaust air to the outside.

[0035] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. This invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system and method. Through its innovative hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply design, it significantly reduces the capacity requirements for lead-acid batteries in a nuclear power plant's DC system. This design also reduces the number and volume of batteries, thereby reducing the need for plant space. Because the capacity and number of battery packs are reduced, the corresponding cable selection and protective switch capacity can also be reduced, further reducing cable and installation costs. Furthermore, the combined configuration of AC and DC switchboards further enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the power supply system. This combination not only meets the different power supply requirements of different DC equipment within a nuclear power plant, but also provides a more stable and reliable power supply under different operating modes.

[0037] 2. The present invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system and method, which fully utilizes the existing hydrogen storage and distribution system of the nuclear power plant, which was originally established to meet the needs of other hydrogen users in the nuclear power plant; by combining this system with hydrogen fuel cell technology, the present invention not only improves the utilization efficiency of hydrogen resources, but also avoids repeated investment in the construction of new hydrogen storage and distribution facilities; in addition, the present invention adopts hydrogen fuel cell technology that has been maturely applied in other industries, reduces R&D costs and time, and accelerates the application of new technologies in the direct current system of nuclear power plants. Through the effective integration of resources and technologies, the present invention not only improves the reliability and performance of the system, but also promotes technological innovation and application.

[0038] 3. The present invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system and method. By combining hydrogen fuel cells with lead-acid batteries, the requirements of the nuclear power plant's DC system for starting performance and long-term power supply stability for large-power DC motors are effectively met. The stable output characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells combined with the rapid response capabilities of lead-acid batteries ensure that the system can provide a reliable power supply under various operating conditions. At the same time, the present invention also pays special attention to the safety issues of hydrogen fuel cells. In addition, the present invention also realizes real-time monitoring and control of hydrogen concentration through an integrated control system and hydrogen concentration detection sensor, further improving the safety of the system. In general, this design not only improves the reliability and performance of the system, but also ensures the safety and environmental friendliness of the system, providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of nuclear power plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system according to one embodiment is shown;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the operating principle of a hydrogen fuel cell stack according to an embodiment is shown.

[0042] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0043] 1. Hydrogen fuel cell stack; 2. Lead-acid battery pack; 3. DC switchboard; 4. AC switchboard; 5. External power supply; 6. DC load equipment; 7. AC load equipment; 8. Inverter; 9. Bypass transformer; 10. Rectifier;

[0044] 11. Hydrogen storage tank; 12. Air compressor; 13. Hydrogen fuel cell stack; 14. DC converter; 15. Constant pressure valve; 16. Pressure reducing valve; 17. Inlet valve; 18. Hydrogen concentration detection sensor; 19. Radiator;

[0045] 31. Busbar;

[0046] 61. Voltage monitor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0048] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The term "including" when used indicates the presence of a feature, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features; the terms "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for ease of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the present invention; in addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] In this description, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0050] Example

[0051] The present invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system, such as Figure 1 As shown in, it includes a hydrogen fuel cell group 1, a lead-acid battery group 2, a DC distribution board 3, an AC distribution board 4 and multiple external power sources 5, the hydrogen fuel cell group 1, the lead-acid battery group 2, the AC distribution board 4 and some of the external power sources 5 are connected to the DC distribution board 3, and the external AC distribution board 4 is connected to some of the external power sources 5; the hydrogen fuel cell group 1 is connected through a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board 3 and / or the lead-acid battery group 2; the lead-acid battery group 2 is connected through a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board 3 and / or stores electrical energy in the DC distribution board 3; the DC distribution board 3 is connected through a cable to the hydrogen fuel cell group 1, the lead-acid battery group 2 and / or the external power source 5 and outputs electrical energy to a DC load device 6; the AC distribution board 4 is connected through a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board 3 and an AC load device 7; the external power source 5 is connected through a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board 3 and / or the AC distribution board 4.

[0052] In this context, "float charge" refers to a method of continuously charging a lead-acid battery pack to maintain a constant charge even after it is fully charged, ensuring that the battery can always provide the required power. This charging method is typically used in applications where it is necessary to maintain a fully charged battery for an extended period of time.

[0053] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the hydrogen fuel cell group 1, the lead-acid battery group 2, the AC distribution board 4 and the external power supply 5 are connected in parallel to the bus 31 in the DC distribution board 3. The external power supply 5 has multiple interfaces that can simultaneously supply power to the DC distribution board 3 and the AC distribution board 4.

[0054] Furthermore, the external power source 5 is a 380V external AC distribution board, which provides 220V or 110V DC power to the DC distribution board 3 through the inverter 8 and provides 220V AC power to the AC distribution board 4 through the bypass transformer 9.

[0055] Furthermore, an inverter 8 is provided between the DC distribution board 3 and the AC distribution board 4 to convert the DC power of the DC distribution board 3 into AC power to supply power to the AC load equipment 7 connected to the AC distribution board 4 .

[0056] Furthermore, the DC distribution board 3 uses the electric energy supplied by the external power supply 5 to float charge the lead-acid battery pack 2; the DC distribution board 3 is provided with a voltage monitor 61, and may also be provided with regulating equipment to maintain and measure the bus 31.

[0057] Furthermore, when a serious fault such as a short circuit occurs inside the charger, the charger will automatically shut down without tripping the charger DC side circuit breaker and the 380V AC bus circuit breaker that supplies power to the charger.

[0058] Furthermore, if Figure 1 The hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 shown in the figure includes a hydrogen storage tank 11, an air compressor 12, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 13, a DC converter 14, a constant pressure valve 15, a pressure reducing valve 16, an intake valve 17, a hydrogen concentration detection sensor 18 and a radiator 19, wherein the hydrogen storage tank 11 and the air compressor 12 are connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 13 through a pipeline, the constant pressure valve 15, the pressure reducing valve 16 and the intake valve 17 are arranged on the pipeline between the hydrogen storage tank 11 and the hydrogen fuel cell stack 13, and an intake valve 17 is also provided on the pipeline between the air compressor 12 and the hydrogen fuel cell stack 13; the radiator 19 is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 13 and is arranged to exchange heat with each other, the DC converter 14 is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 13; the hydrogen concentration detection sensor 18 is arranged inside the environment of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1.

[0059] Furthermore, if Figure 2Figure 1 shows the operating principle of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1. During operation, the water management module, gas management module, and hydrogen concentration detection sensor 18 each control the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1. The gas management module is responsible for properly controlling and managing hydrogen and air, ensuring safe and stable supply and discharge. The water management module manages water generated by the fuel cells, preventing water accumulation and contamination from impacting the system. A balance between water supply and discharge must also be ensured.

[0060] Furthermore, the information collected by the hydrogen concentration detection sensor 18, including hydrogen pressure and temperature information, is sent to the control cabinet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, and then sent by the control cabinet to the main control room of the nuclear power plant through the power plant control system.

[0061] Furthermore, a ventilation system is provided inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 for removing excess hydrogen in the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 and reducing the temperature based on information detected by the hydrogen concentration detection sensor 18 .

[0062] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention further provides a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply method, using the hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system described above, comprising the following steps:

[0063] The external power supply 5 inputs power to the DC distribution board 3 and the AC distribution board 4. The DC distribution board 3 outputs power to the DC load device 6 and provides floating charge for the lead-acid battery pack 2. The AC distribution board 4 supplies power to the AC load device 7.

[0064] When the external power source 5 loses power, the lead-acid battery pack 2 outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board 3 to maintain the operation of the DC load equipment 6, triggering the hydrogen fuel cell pack 1 to start up, generate electricity by burning hydrogen fuel, and output electrical energy to the DC distribution board 3;

[0065] When the hydrogen fuel cell group 1 reaches the rated output, the lead-acid battery group 2 stops outputting electrical energy, and the hydrogen fuel cell group 1 continues to output electrical energy to the DC load device 6 .

[0066] Furthermore, inputting electric energy to the DC distribution board 3 and the AC distribution board 4 through the external power supply 5 includes:

[0067] The external power supply 5 outputs electric energy to the DC distribution board 3 through the rectifier 10 ; the external power supply 5 outputs electric energy to the AC distribution board 4 through the bypass transformer 9 .

[0068] Furthermore, the method of inputting electric energy to the DC distribution board 3 and the AC distribution board 4 through the external power supply 5 further includes:

[0069] The DC distribution board 3 outputs electric energy to the AC distribution board 4 through the inverter 8 .

[0070] Furthermore, triggering the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 to start up includes:

[0071] The pressure of the hydrogen fuel is controlled by the constant pressure valve 15 and the pressure reducing valve 16 , and the flow rate of the hydrogen fuel is controlled by controlling the opening of the intake valve 17 .

[0072] Furthermore, the hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity and outputs electrical energy. When a high-power DC motor is started, the lead-acid battery discharges and provides instantaneous high current to meet the motor starting requirements.

[0073] Furthermore, the method of generating electricity by burning hydrogen fuel and outputting electric energy to the DC switchboard 3 further includes:

[0074] The hydrogen concentration of the environment where the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is located is monitored in real time. If the concentration exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm is triggered and the hydrogen supply is reduced.

[0075] In summary, it can be seen from the above description that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0076] 1. This invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system and method. Through its innovative hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply design, it significantly reduces the capacity requirements for lead-acid batteries in a nuclear power plant's DC system. This design also reduces the number and volume of batteries, thereby reducing the need for plant space. Because the capacity and number of battery packs are reduced, the corresponding cable selection and protective switch capacity can also be reduced, further reducing cable and installation costs. Furthermore, the combined configuration of AC and DC switchboards further enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the power supply system. This combination not only meets the different power supply requirements of different DC equipment within a nuclear power plant, but also provides a more stable and reliable power supply under different operating modes.

[0077] 2. The present invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system and method, which fully utilizes the existing hydrogen storage and distribution system of the nuclear power plant, which was originally established to meet the needs of other hydrogen users in the nuclear power plant; by combining this system with hydrogen fuel cell technology, the present invention not only improves the utilization efficiency of hydrogen resources, but also avoids repeated investment in the construction of new hydrogen storage and distribution facilities; in addition, the present invention adopts hydrogen fuel cell technology that has been maturely applied in other industries, reduces R&D costs and time, and accelerates the application of new technologies in the direct current system of nuclear power plants. Through the effective integration of resources and technologies, the present invention not only improves the reliability and performance of the system, but also promotes technological innovation and application.

[0078] 3. The present invention proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system and method. By combining hydrogen fuel cells with lead-acid batteries, the requirements of the nuclear power plant's DC system for starting performance and long-term power supply stability for large-power DC motors are effectively met. The stable output characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells combined with the rapid response capabilities of lead-acid batteries ensure that the system can provide a reliable power supply under various operating conditions. At the same time, the present invention also pays special attention to the safety issues of hydrogen fuel cells. In addition, the present invention also realizes real-time monitoring and control of hydrogen concentration through an integrated control system and hydrogen concentration detection sensor, further improving the safety of the system. In general, this design not only improves the reliability and performance of the system, but also ensures the safety and environmental friendliness of the system, providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of nuclear power plants.

[0079] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0080] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0081] It should be noted that, in the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hydrogen fuel cell group (1), a lead-acid battery group (2), a DC distribution board (3), an AC distribution board (4) and a plurality of external power sources (5); the hydrogen fuel cell group (1), the lead-acid battery group (2), the AC distribution board (4) and some of the external power sources (5) are connected to the DC distribution board (3), and the external AC distribution board (4) is connected to some of the external power sources (5); the hydrogen fuel cell group (1) is connected to the DC distribution board (3) and / or the lead-acid battery group (2) via a cable and outputs electrical energy; The lead-acid battery pack (2) is connected via a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board (3) and / or stores the electrical energy in the DC distribution board (3); The DC distribution board (3) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell group (1), the lead-acid battery group (2) and / or the external power source (5) via cables and transmits electrical energy to the DC load device (6); The AC distribution board (4) is connected via cables and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board (3) and the AC load equipment (7); The external power source (5) is connected via a cable and outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board (3) and / or the AC distribution board (4).

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The DC distribution board (3) comprises a busbar (31), The busbar (31) is used to connect the hydrogen fuel cell group (1), the lead-acid battery group (2), the AC distribution board (4) and part of the external power supply (5) to the DC distribution board (3) in parallel.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: comprising an inverter (8) and a bypass transformer (9), The inverter (8) is connected to the busbar (31) and the AC distribution board (4); The bypass transformer (9) is connected to the AC distribution board (4) and the external power supply (5).

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The inverter (8) is used to convert the DC power output by the DC distribution board (3) into 220V AC power; The bypass transformer (9) is used to reduce the voltage of the 380V AC power input from the external power supply (5) to 220V AC power through the winding when the inverter (8) fails or is overloaded, and directly bypass it to the AC distribution board (4).

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprising a rectifier (10), The rectifier (10) is connected to the DC distribution board (3) and the external power supply (5).

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that The rectifier (10) is used to convert 380V AC power input from an external power source (5) into 220V DC power, which is then filtered and stabilized before being output to the DC distribution board (3) and the lead-acid battery pack (2).

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The hydrogen fuel cell group (1) comprises a hydrogen storage tank (11), an air compressor (12), a hydrogen fuel cell stack (13) and a DC converter (14). The hydrogen storage tank (11) and the air compressor (12) are arranged upstream of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (13) and connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack (13); the DC converter (14) is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack (13) and the DC distribution board (3).

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage tank (11) is used to store hydrogen fuel; The air compressor (12) is used to compress ambient air to a preset pressure and continuously supply oxygen-rich gas to the cathode side of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (13) through a delivery pipeline to maintain the gas pressure and flow required for the hydrogen-oxygen electrochemical reaction inside the stack; The hydrogen fuel cell stack (13) is used to electrochemically convert the hydrogen fuel provided by the hydrogen storage tank (11) and the oxygen delivered by the air compressor (12) to generate direct current power and output it to the direct current converter (14); The DC converter (14) is used to perform voltage conversion and voltage stabilization control on the DC power output by the hydrogen fuel cell stack (13) so as to match the rated voltage level of the DC distribution board (3).

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell group (1) further includes a constant pressure valve (15), a pressure reducing valve (16), an air intake valve (17) and a hydrogen concentration detection sensor (18). The constant pressure valve (15), the pressure reducing valve (16) and the air intake valve (17) are arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen storage tank (11) and the hydrogen fuel cell stack (13); The hydrogen concentration detection sensor (18) is arranged inside the space of the hydrogen fuel cell group (1).

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The constant pressure valve (15) is used to adjust the pressure of the hydrogen fuel discharged from the hydrogen storage tank (1) to a constant range; The pressure reducing valve (16) is used to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen fuel outputted from the hydrogen storage tank (11) to a pressure range required by the hydrogen fuel cell stack (13); The air inlet valve (17) is used to control the flow rate of hydrogen fuel entering the hydrogen fuel cell stack (13); The hydrogen concentration detection sensor (18) is used to detect the hydrogen concentration in the environment. If the hydrogen concentration in the environment exceeds a threshold, an alarm is generated and an alarm signal is sent to the main control room through the distributed control system.

11. A power supply method based on the hydrogen fuel cell-lead-acid battery combined power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: include: The external power supply (5) inputs electric energy to the DC distribution board (3) and the AC distribution board (4); the DC distribution board (3) outputs electric energy to the DC load device (6) and provides floating charge for the lead-acid battery pack (2); and the AC distribution board (4) outputs electric energy to the AC load device (7); When the external power source (5) loses power, the lead-acid battery pack (2) outputs electrical energy to the DC distribution board (3) to maintain the operation of the DC load device (6), triggering the hydrogen fuel cell pack (1) to start, generate electricity through the hydrogen fuel cell and output electrical energy to the DC distribution board (3); When the hydrogen fuel cell group (1) reaches the rated output, the lead-acid battery group (2) stops outputting electrical energy, and the hydrogen fuel cell group (1) continues to output electrical energy to the DC load device (6).

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: By the external power supply (5 ) Inputting electric energy into the DC distribution board (3) and the AC distribution board (4) comprises: The external power supply (5) outputs electric energy to the DC distribution board (3) through a rectifier (10); The external power supply (5) outputs electric energy to the AC distribution board (4) via a bypass transformer (9).

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The method further comprises inputting electric energy to the DC distribution board (3) and the AC distribution board (4) through the external power supply (5), and further comprising: The DC distribution board (3) outputs electric energy to the AC distribution board (4) through the inverter (8).

14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: Triggering the hydrogen fuel cell group (1) to start, comprising: The pressure of the hydrogen fuel is controlled by the constant pressure valve (15) and the pressure reducing valve (16), and the flow rate of the hydrogen fuel is controlled by controlling the opening of the intake valve (17).

15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The method generates electricity by burning hydrogen fuel and outputs the electric energy to the DC switchboard (3), and further comprises: The hydrogen concentration of the environment where the hydrogen fuel cell group (1) is located is monitored in real time. If the concentration exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm is triggered, the hydrogen supply is reduced, and the ventilation device is controlled to exhaust air outdoors.

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