A power system short-time supply-demand balance sensitivity control method and device

Abstract

The application provides a power system short-time supply-demand balance sensitivity control method and device. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, the climbing rate of the controllable unit on the source side of the power system and the adjustment amount of the demand response on the load side are obtained. Then, according to the climbing rate and the adjustment amount, a short-time supply-demand balance model containing dynamic constraints is constructed. Subsequently, the model is solved to obtain the expected energy loss amount and the system reliability index. Then, based on the expected energy loss amount and the system reliability index, the first sensitivity coefficient of the climbing rate to the energy loss amount and the second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the reliability are calculated respectively. Finally, according to the first and second sensitivity coefficients, the climbing rate and the adjustment amount are adjusted respectively to achieve the reliability control of the short-time supply-demand balance of the power system. Through the calculation of the sensitivity coefficients and the adjustment of the related parameters, the evaluation accuracy is improved, and the safe and stable operation of the power system is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of short-time supply and demand control, and particularly relates to a method and device for short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control of power systems. Background Technology

[0002] In power systems, resources on both the supply and demand sides (such as controllable generating units and demand response) possess different characteristics and operating modes, and these characteristics have varying impacts on supply and demand balance. Traditional short-term supply and demand balance assessment methods for power systems mostly only consider various security constraints of the power system, but fail to accurately reflect the degree of impact of various resources on short-term dynamic supply and demand balance. In particular, with the large-scale integration of new energy sources, the supply and demand balance of power systems faces even greater challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method and apparatus for short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control of a power system.

[0004] This application provides a short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control method for power systems, including:

[0005] To obtain the ramp rate of controllable generating units on the source side of the power system and the adjustment amount of demand response on the load side;

[0006] Based on the climbing rate and the adjustment amount, a short-term supply and demand balance model with dynamic constraints is established.

[0007] The expected energy loss and system reliability index are obtained by solving the short-term supply and demand balance model.

[0008] Based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, calculate the first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss and the second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the system reliability index.

[0009] The ramp rate and the adjustment amount are adjusted according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient, respectively, to achieve short-term supply and demand balance reliability control of the power system.

[0010] Optionally, the dynamic constraints include:

[0011] The ramp rate constraint must satisfy the following conditions:

[0012] The power generation of the i-th thermal power unit at time t simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: it is not lower than the maximum value of the lower limit of the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit and the power of the previous period minus the maximum downward ramp rate; and it is not higher than the minimum value of the upper limit of the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit and the power of the previous period plus the maximum upward ramp rate.

[0013] The electrical constraint of the regulation quantity must satisfy the following conditions:

[0014] The adjustment amount under incentive-driven demand response is between the predetermined minimum and maximum adjustment amounts, where the adjustment amount is equal to the difference between the adjusted load and the actual load.

[0015] Optionally, the adjustment amount includes: an adjustable amount of incentive-based demand response, wherein the adjustment range of the adjustable amount of incentive-based demand response is determined by the electrical energy constraint of the adjustment amount.

[0016] Optionally, based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, a first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss and a second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the system reliability index are calculated, including:

[0017] The first sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the climbing rate with respect to the desired energy loss.

[0018] The second sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the adjustment amount with respect to the system reliability index.

[0019] Optionally, adjusting the climbing rate and the adjustment amount based on the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient respectively includes:

[0020] When the first sensitivity coefficient is negative, the climbing rate is increased to reduce the expected energy loss.

[0021] When the second sensitivity coefficient is positive, the adjustment amount is increased to improve the system reliability index.

[0022] This application provides a short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control device for a power system, comprising:

[0023] The acquisition module acquires the ramp rate of controllable generating units on the source side of the power system and the adjustment amount of demand response on the load side.

[0024] The model module establishes a short-term supply and demand balance model with dynamic constraints based on the climbing rate and the adjustment amount.

[0025] The output module solves the expected energy loss and system reliability index through the short-term supply and demand balance model.

[0026] The calculation module calculates, based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, a first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss and a second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the system reliability index.

[0027] The control module adjusts the ramp rate and the adjustment amount according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient, respectively, to achieve short-term supply and demand balance reliability control of the power system.

[0028] Optionally, the dynamic constraints include:

[0029] The ramp rate constraint must satisfy the following conditions:

[0030] The power generation of the i-th thermal power unit at time t simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: it is not lower than the maximum value of the lower limit of the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit and the power of the previous period minus the maximum downward ramp rate; and it is not higher than the minimum value of the upper limit of the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit and the power of the previous period plus the maximum upward ramp rate.

[0031] The electrical constraint of the regulation quantity must satisfy the following conditions:

[0032] The adjustment amount under incentive-driven demand response is between the predetermined minimum and maximum adjustment amounts, where the adjustment amount is equal to the difference between the adjusted load and the actual load.

[0033] Optionally, it includes: an adjustable amount of incentive-based demand response, wherein the adjustment range of the adjustable amount of incentive-based demand response is determined by the electrical energy constraint of the adjustable amount.

[0034] Optionally, the calculation module calculates, based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, a first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss and a second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the system reliability index, respectively, including:

[0035] The first sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the climbing rate with respect to the desired energy loss.

[0036] The second sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the adjustment amount with respect to the system reliability index.

[0037] Optionally, the control module adjusts the climbing rate and the adjustment amount according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient, respectively, including:

[0038] When the first sensitivity coefficient is negative, the climbing rate is increased to reduce the expected energy loss.

[0039] When the second sensitivity coefficient is positive, the adjustment amount is increased to improve the system reliability index.

[0040] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0041] This application provides a method for sensitivity control of short-time supply and demand balance in a power system, comprising: acquiring the ramp rate of controllable generating units on the source side of the power system and the adjustment amount of the demand response on the load side; establishing a short-time supply and demand balance model with dynamic constraints based on the ramp rate and the adjustment amount; solving and outputting the expected energy loss and system reliability index through the short-time supply and demand balance model; calculating a first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss and a second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the system reliability index based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index; and adjusting the ramp rate and the adjustment amount according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient to achieve reliability control of short-time supply and demand balance in the power system. This application achieves reliability control of short-time supply and demand balance in the power system by calculating sensitivity coefficients and adjusting the ramp rate and demand response adjustment amount accordingly, thereby improving the accuracy of assessment and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control process of the power system in this application;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control device for the power system in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it will be understood that various forms of implementation of the present disclosure are possible and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control method for power systems, comprising:

[0046] S101. Obtain the ramp rate of controllable generating units on the source side of the power system and the adjustment amount of demand response on the load side;

[0047] Source-side controllable unit parameters: ramp rate parameters: Maximum uphill climbing speed Maximum downhill climbing rate.

[0048] Output upper and lower limits: P of the unit i min Minimum output, P i max Maximum output.

[0049] Load-side demand response parameters: Upper and lower limits of incentive-based demand response adjustment: Minimum adjustment amount Maximum adjustment amount.

[0050] S102. Based on the climbing rate and the adjustment amount, establish a short-term supply and demand balance model with dynamic constraints;

[0051] Modeling of source-side controllable units:

[0052] Source-side controllable generating units are the primary energy source in power systems and a crucial component for maintaining safe and stable system operation. These units ensure stable energy output and offer a wide adjustable range, making them suitable for flexible supply adjustments over longer timescales. Furthermore, their strong controllability enables them to reliably respond to dispatch demands, thereby ensuring supply and demand balance within the system.

[0053] The operating model of a source-side controllable unit is illustrated using a thermal power unit in a power system as an example. During operation, the unit must meet upper and lower output limits and ramp-up rate constraints, which can be expressed as:

[0054] P i min ≤P i,t ≤P i max

[0055]

[0056] Among them, P i,t Let P be the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit at time t; i max P i min These are the upper and lower limits of the power generation capacity of the i-th thermal power unit, respectively. These represent the maximum upward and downward creepage rates of the power generation of the [number]th thermal power unit, respectively.

[0057] Load-side demand response modeling:

[0058] Adjustable loads on the load side also possess a degree of flexibility. Unlike controllable units on the source side that directly input energy into the system, they adjust energy demand, releasing the adjustment capabilities of other flexible resources, thereby improving the overall operational flexibility of the system. The load demand adjustment capability is influenced by demand response strategies. Demand response (DR) is a strategy that guides users to change their electricity consumption habits by altering energy prices and compensation policies. Its main types include price-based and incentive-based demand response in single-energy systems, and substitution-based demand response between multi-energy systems. The implementation of demand response strategies enables load shifts in time and energy type, playing a crucial role in improving the energy supply and demand relationship of various energy subsystems.

[0059] Price-based demand response (PDR) guides users to adjust their energy consumption time and energy consumption by changing energy prices. Modeling PDR can be done using a price elasticity coefficient matrix to describe the relationship between load response and changes in energy consumption. Taking electricity load PDR as an example, its mathematical model is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Where E is the price elasticity coefficient matrix, and ε ij P is the price-based demand response elasticity coefficient. If i = j, it is the self-elasticity coefficient for time period i; if i ≠ j, it is the mutual elasticity coefficient between time periods i and j. L,i ΔP L,i q represents the load value of period i before demand response and the load change of period i after demand response, respectively; j , Δq j These represent the load value of period j before demand response and the change in electricity price of period j after demand response, respectively. This represents the electricity load matrix after price-based demand response; T represents the total number of scheduling periods.

[0062] Incentive-based demand response involves pre-establishing demand contracts, identifying adjustable entities to participate in the demand response, and using price compensation mechanisms to guide users to adjust their load demand. Its mathematical model is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] in: The electrical load value at time t after the stimulus-type demand response; This refers to the adjustment amount under incentive-based demand response; These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the adjustment amount at time t, respectively, determined by the incentive-based demand response strategy.

[0065] Price-based and incentive-based demand responses adjust energy consumption at different times, while substitution-based demand responses supply energy from different sources without changing the energy demand at any given time. Substitution-based demand responses adhere to the law of conservation of energy, satisfying users' demand for the same quality of energy while using energy price differences to guide the supply of different energy sources. Taking electricity-gas substitution-based demand response as an example, its mathematical model is shown below:

[0066] ΔD C,b,t =-γΔG C,b,t

[0067]

[0068] Where: ΔD C,b,t ΔG C,b,t These represent the adjustment amount and gas load change at the corresponding node after the substitution demand response, respectively; γ is the energy conversion coefficient, and η is the energy conversion coefficient. e η g These are the utilization rates of electricity and natural gas, respectively. These are the lower and upper limits of the change in gas load after a substitution demand response, respectively. These are the lower and upper limits of the adjustment amount after a substitution demand response, respectively.

[0069] Since this application mainly examines the impact of resources on the supply and demand sides on short-term supply and demand balance, it is not necessary to take into account the impact of price on energy demand. In addition, since only the supply and demand balance of electricity is considered and there are no other energy supply methods, this application adopts incentive-based demand response as the overall model of load-side demand response.

[0070] Short-term supply and demand balance model:

[0071] The objective function of the economic dispatch model for unit combination typically includes the generation and start-up / shutdown costs of adjustable units, the cost of wind and solar curtailment, the penalty cost of load shedding, and the demand response cost. Therefore, the total system cost is:

[0072]

[0073] in, The power generation cost for the time period t∈[1,T] is typically a quadratic function of the output of the adjustable unit:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, a i b i and c i Let Ω be the power generation cost parameter for generator unit i, and let u be the set of conventional generator units. i,t∈{0,1} represents the on / off state of generator unit i at time t (0 represents off, 1 represents on), and the output decision variable of the adjustable unit is P. i,t N represents the number of adjustable generator sets. The expression for the start-up and shutdown cost of adjustable generator sets is:

[0076]

[0077] The startup cost of unit i can be expressed as:

[0078]

[0079] in, The costs for hot start and cold start of unit i are respectively, T i off T i cold These are the minimum continuous shutdown time and the cold start time, respectively. This represents the actual continuous shutdown time. Since the downtime cost of the unit is generally low, it is not considered.

[0080] The penalty cost for curtailing wind and solar power from renewable energy generators is:

[0081]

[0082] Where, τ curt To compensate for the cost of abandoning scenic views, For new energy generating units j, wind and solar power are abandoned at time t.

[0083] Let m∈Q be a node in the network topology, and Q be the set of nodes in the system. Let be the load vector of node m. At time t, the predicted loads of each type in node m can be distributed proportionally. This indicates the percentage of uninterruptible load. These represent the proportions of different levels of interruptible load. This indicates the proportion of transferable load, satisfying...

[0084] Uninterruptible loads correspond to extremely high load shedding costs. Other interruptible but non-transferable loads correspond to different load shedding costs. To simplify the model, the load shedding costs of interruptible loads are divided into three levels, namely: and Therefore, the cost of load shedding can be expressed as:

[0085]

[0086] in, This represents the load shedding amount for each type of load. Since load transfer requires compensation to users, it is necessary to model the transfer costs.

[0087]

[0088] Constraints:

[0089] For non-transferable load shedding quantity For decision variables (l∈{0,1,2,3}), the following must be satisfied:

[0090]

[0091] For transferable loads For decision variables (t, t′ ∈ [1, T]), the outgoing load at each time step should be less than or equal to the transferable load at that time step:

[0092]

[0093] The node power balance constraint can be expressed as:

[0094]

[0095] in, For energy storage units k∈S m The charging and discharging power, when During discharge, When charging, S m Let m be the set of energy storage units connected to node m. Let i be the power generation of generator unit i during time period t. The net load of node m in time period t P j,t Let P be the power generation of the new energy unit j at time t. m Let m be the set of new energy generating units connected to node m. The sum of load shedding at node m during time period t

[0096] The technical constraints of adjustable generator sets mainly include maximum / minimum output constraints and ramping constraints. The maximum / minimum output constraints can be expressed as:

[0097]

[0098] in These represent the lower and upper limits of unit i's output, respectively. The upward and downward ramp constraints of the unit are as described in the source-side controllable unit assembly mode.

[0099] Energy storage state constraints include energy storage capacity constraints and maximum charge / discharge power constraints. Here, the energy storage charging power of the energy storage device k∈S during time period t is... and discharge power They are decision variables, and have And define the energy storage capacity E k,t As an auxiliary variable, the real-time energy of energy storage device k is:

[0100]

[0101] in, These represent the charge / discharge efficiency and the initial state E, respectively. k,1 This can be specified according to the actual situation. The charging and discharging of energy storage devices must meet the following constraints:

[0102]

[0103] in, These represent the upper limits of charging and discharging speeds, respectively.

[0104] For safety reasons and to account for the discrepancy between predicted and actual loads, each unit cannot operate at full capacity. Therefore, each unit needs a certain margin.

[0105]

[0106] Where hp is the thermal reserve coefficient, which is 0.05 in this application.

[0107] S103. Solve the expected energy loss and system reliability index through the short-time supply and demand balance model;

[0108] Short-term supply and demand evaluation indicators calculation:

[0109] To effectively assess the ability to balance short-term supply and demand under scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy access, a supply and demand balance assessment model is constructed based on the power generation margin index and the short-term supply and demand balance model.

[0110] First, the short-term supply and demand balance model is solved using Python and the IBM ILOGCPLEX solver. The Loss of Energy Expectation (LOEE) represents the total amount of unmet load due to insufficient power supply during the assessment period, which is an important indicator for measuring the severity of load loss.

[0111]

[0112] Where E loss (t) represents the amount of load shedding during time period t:

[0113] E loss(t)=max(0,P demand (t)-P supply (t))

[0114] This analysis examines the system's power shortage at various times. The reliability index RI, which comprehensively considers the system's generation capacity, load characteristics, and the impact of random events, is used to assess the overall system reliability. The formula is:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, P sup P represents the total available power generation capacity of the system. dem This represents the system's maximum load requirement.

[0117] S104. Based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, calculate the first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss and the second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the system reliability index, respectively.

[0118] Sensitivity analysis:

[0119] Sensitivity analysis is used to quantify the degree of response of power system state variables to changes in control variables (such as generator output, load power, reactive power compensation) or parameters (such as line impedance, transformer turns ratio).

[0120] Since this application mainly aims to study the impact of resources on both the supply and demand sides on short-term supply and demand balance, it is necessary to establish a sensitivity model of the impact of resources on both the supply and demand sides on short-term supply and demand balance.

[0121] According to the core formula of sensitivity analysis:

[0122]

[0123] Among them, Y i Represents the state variable, X j Indicates a control variable or parameter.

[0124] By treating resources on both the supply and demand sides as control variables and short-term supply and demand evaluation indicators as state variables, a sensitivity model of the impact of short-term supply and demand balance can be derived:

[0125]

[0126] Among them, S Loee-Ru d、S Ri-Ru d、S Loee-DR S Ri-DR These represent the sensitivity of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss, the sensitivity of the ramp rate to the overall system reliability, the sensitivity of the demand response to the expected energy loss, and the sensitivity of the demand response to the overall system reliability, respectively.

[0127] S105. Adjust the ramp rate and the adjustment amount according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient respectively to achieve short-term supply and demand balance reliability control of the power system.

[0128] Load-side demand response adjustment: Within the adjustment constraint range, according to S Ri-DR Adjustment or

[0129] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, this application provides a short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control device for a power system, comprising:

[0130] The acquisition module 201 acquires the ramp rate of controllable generating units on the source side of the power system and the adjustment amount of the demand response on the load side.

[0131] Model module 202 establishes a short-term supply and demand balance model with dynamic constraints based on the climbing rate and the adjustment amount.

[0132] Output module 203 solves and outputs the expected energy loss and system reliability index through the short-time supply and demand balance model;

[0133] Calculation module 204 calculates, based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, a first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss and a second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the system reliability index.

[0134] The control module 205 adjusts the ramp rate and the adjustment amount according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient, respectively, to achieve short-term supply and demand balance reliability control of the power system.

[0135] Furthermore, the dynamic constraints include:

[0136] The climbing rate constraint satisfies the following upper and lower limit conditions:

[0137] P i min ≤P i,t ≤P i max

[0138]

[0139] The electrical constraint of the adjustment amount satisfies the following upper and lower limit conditions:

[0140]

[0141] Among them, P i,t Let P be the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit at time t;i max P i min These are the upper and lower limits of the power generation capacity of the i-th thermal power unit, respectively. These are the maximum upward and downward creepage rates of the generating capacity of the first thermal power unit, respectively. The electrical load value at time t after the stimulus-type demand response; This refers to the adjustment amount under incentive-based demand response; These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the adjustment amount at time t, respectively, determined by the incentive-based demand response strategy.

[0142] Furthermore, it includes: an adjustable amount of incentive-based demand response, wherein the adjustment range of the adjustable amount of incentive-based demand response is determined by the electrical energy constraint of the adjustable amount.

[0143] Furthermore, in the calculation module, based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, the first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate to the expected energy loss and the second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount to the system reliability index are calculated, including:

[0144] The first sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the climbing rate with respect to the desired energy loss.

[0145] The second sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the adjustment amount with respect to the system reliability index.

[0146] Furthermore, the control module adjusts the climbing rate and the adjustment amount according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient, respectively, including:

[0147] When the first sensitivity coefficient is negative, the climbing rate is increased to reduce the expected energy loss.

[0148] When the second sensitivity coefficient is positive, the adjustment amount is increased to improve the system reliability index.

[0149] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and apply this application. Those skilled in the art will readily make various modifications to the above embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made to this application based on the disclosure thereof should be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control in a power system, characterized in that, include: To obtain the ramp rate of controllable generating units on the source side of the power system and the adjustment amount of demand response on the load side; Based on the climbing rate and the adjustment amount, a short-term supply and demand balance model with dynamic constraints is established. The expected energy loss and system reliability index are obtained by solving the short-term supply and demand balance model. Based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, a first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate with respect to the expected energy loss and a second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount with respect to the system reliability index are calculated, respectively. The first sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the ramp rate with respect to the expected energy loss; the second sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the adjustment amount with respect to the system reliability index. When the first sensitivity coefficient is negative, the ramp rate is increased to reduce the expected energy loss; when the second sensitivity coefficient is positive, the adjustment amount is increased to improve the system reliability index. The ramp rate and the adjustment amount are adjusted according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient, respectively, to achieve short-term supply and demand balance reliability control of the power system.

2. The short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control method for a power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic constraints include: The ramp rate constraint must satisfy the following conditions: The power generation of the i-th thermal power unit at time t simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: it is not lower than the maximum value of the lower limit of the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit and the power of the previous period minus the maximum downward ramp rate; and it is not higher than the minimum value of the upper limit of the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit and the power of the previous period plus the maximum upward ramp rate. The electrical constraint of the regulation quantity must satisfy the following conditions: The adjustment amount under incentive-driven demand response is between the predetermined minimum and maximum adjustment amounts, where the adjustment amount is equal to the difference between the adjusted load and the actual load.

3. The short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control method for a power system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment amount includes: an adjustable amount of incentive-based demand response, the adjustment range of which is determined by the electrical energy constraint of the adjustment amount.

4. A short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control device for a power system, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module acquires the ramp rate of controllable generating units on the source side of the power system and the adjustment amount of demand response on the load side. The model module establishes a short-term supply and demand balance model with dynamic constraints based on the climbing rate and the adjustment amount. The output module solves the expected energy loss and system reliability index through the short-term supply and demand balance model. The calculation module, based on the expected energy loss and the system reliability index, calculates a first sensitivity coefficient of the ramp rate with respect to the expected energy loss and a second sensitivity coefficient of the adjustment amount with respect to the system reliability index, respectively; wherein, the first sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the ramp rate with respect to the expected energy loss; the second sensitivity coefficient is calculated using the partial derivative of the adjustment amount with respect to the system reliability index; when the first sensitivity coefficient is negative, the ramp rate is increased to reduce the expected energy loss; when the second sensitivity coefficient is positive, the adjustment amount is increased to improve the system reliability index; The control module adjusts the ramp rate and the adjustment amount according to the first sensitivity coefficient and the second sensitivity coefficient, respectively, to achieve short-term supply and demand balance reliability control of the power system.

5. The short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control device for a power system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The dynamic constraints include: The ramp rate constraint must satisfy the following conditions: The power generation of the i-th thermal power unit at time t simultaneously satisfies the following conditions: it is not lower than the maximum value of the lower limit of the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit and the power of the previous period minus the maximum downward ramp rate; and it is not higher than the minimum value of the upper limit of the power generation of the i-th thermal power unit and the power of the previous period plus the maximum upward ramp rate. The electrical constraint of the regulation quantity must satisfy the following conditions: The adjustment amount under incentive-driven demand response is between the predetermined minimum and maximum adjustment amounts, where the adjustment amount is equal to the difference between the adjusted load and the actual load.

6. The short-time supply and demand balance sensitivity control device for a power system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The adjustment amount includes: an adjustable amount of incentive-based demand response, the adjustment range of which is determined by the electrical energy constraint of the adjustment amount.

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