Anchor cell for dormant and deactivated carriers

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, where the first cell is associated with an anchor cell that includes a second cell. Because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell, the UE may send a measurement report regarding the second cell. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 18 / 151,855, filed on January 9, 2023, entitled “ANCHOR CELL FOR DORMANT AND DEACTIVATED CARRIERS,” and assigned to the assignee of the present application. The disclosure of the prior application is considered a part of and incorporated by reference into this patent application. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications and techniques and apparatus for providing anchor cells for dormant and deactivated carriers. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communication system resources with those users.

[0005] Despite significant technological advancements in wireless communication systems over the years, challenges remain. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuing desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communication systems, including, for example, improving communication speed and data carrying capacity, improving the efficiency of shared communication media, reducing the power used by transmitters and receivers when performing communications, improving the reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmission and / or reception and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communication systems, increasing the ability of different types of devices to communicate with each other, and increasing the number and types of wireless communication media available for use. Therefore, there is a need for further improvements in wireless communication systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One aspect provides a method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE). The method includes receiving an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; and sending a measurement report for the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell.

[0007] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communication by a network entity, the method comprising outputting an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; and receiving a measurement report for the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell.

[0008] Other aspects provide: an apparatus operable to, configured to, or otherwise adapted to perform any one or more of the aforementioned methods and / or those described herein with reference to the drawings and the specification and as illustrated in the drawings and the specification; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor of the apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned methods and those described herein with reference to the drawings and the specification and as illustrated in the drawings and the specification; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium comprising: code for performing the aforementioned methods and those described herein with reference to the drawings and the specification and as illustrated in the drawings and the specification; and / or an apparatus comprising components for performing the aforementioned methods and those described herein with reference to the drawings and the specification and as illustrated in the drawings and the specification. By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device having a processing system, or processing systems cooperating through one or more networks.

[0009] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite broadly above so that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The concepts and specific examples disclosed may be readily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description and not as a definition of limitations to the claims.

[0010] Although various aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustrating some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The technology described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components and / or system-level components. The equipment incorporated with the various aspects and features described may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders and / or summers) for analog and digital purposes. Various aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in various devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes and compositions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order that the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure may be fully understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly summarized above may be obtained by reference to various aspects (some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings). It should be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope, as the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0012] Figure 1 An example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure is depicted.

[0013] Figure 2 Aspects of example base stations and user equipment (UEs) according to the present disclosure are depicted.

[0014] Figure 3 Depicted is an example disaggregated base station architecture according to the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D Described is a method for wireless communication networks such as Figure 1 Various aspects of the data structure of wireless networks).

[0016] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier aggregation according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an anchor cell providing a carrier for dormancy and deactivation according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 8 A method of wireless communication by a UE according to the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 9 A method of wireless communication by a network entity according to the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 10 Aspects of an example communication device according to the present disclosure are depicted.

[0022] Figure 11 Aspects of an example communication device according to the present disclosure are depicted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable media for providing an anchor cell for dormant and deactivated carriers.

[0024] Telecommunication networks, such as cellular networks, consume energy. Reducing energy consumption is one way to make cellular networks more ubiquitous and accessible. However, unless certain steps are taken, operating in low-energy mode can negatively impact network functionality. For example, when operating in low-energy mode, where cells are operating in a dormant or deactivated state, the network may request measurements from user equipment (UE) to track cell quality and enable rapid switching to a non-dormant or active state.

[0025] One way to reduce energy usage when a cell is operating in a dormant state involves having a network entity designate a non-dormant cell as an anchor cell for one or more dormant cells. The anchor cell may have similar characteristics to one or more of the dormant cells, so that measurements on the anchor cell can be used to estimate measurements on the dormant cells. Thus, the UE can measure and / or report on the anchor cell rather than on every dormant cell in the dormant cells.

[0026] Accordingly, the network entity can operate in a low energy mode with one or more dormant cells while continuing to receive information about cell quality. In addition, the aforementioned method can reduce energy consumption by allowing the anchor cell to maintain synchronization with the dormant cells without requiring, for example, the network entity to send a synchronization signal block (SSB) to each dormant cell.

[0027] Although the term "dormant" is used throughout, the disclosed concepts may also be applied to cells operating in a deactivated state. Accordingly, the term "dormant" may refer to dormant, deactivated, and / or other states in which a cell operates with limited functionality.

[0028] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the scope of protection of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether independently or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such apparatus or methods that are practiced using other structures, functionality, or structure and functionality that supplement or replace the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0029] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0030] Although various aspects may be described herein using terminology generally associated with 5G or New Radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT, and / or post-5G (e.g., 6G) RATs.

[0031] Figure 1 An example of a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure is depicted.

[0032] Generally speaking, wireless network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes). A network entity is typically a communication device and / or a communication function performed by a communication device (e.g., a UE, a base station (BS), a component of a BS, a server, etc.). For example, various functions of a network and various devices associated with and interacting with the network can be considered network entities. In addition, wireless network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BS 110), and non-terrestrial aspects, such as satellites 140 and aircraft 145. The non-terrestrial aspects may include onboard network entities (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., ground BSs) and UEs.

[0033] In the depicted example, the wireless network 100 includes a BS 110, a UE 120, and one or more core networks (such as an evolved packet core (EPC) 160 and a 5G core (5GC) 190), which can interoperate to provide communication services over various communication links (including wired and wireless links).

[0034] Figure 1 Various example UEs 120 are depicted, which may include: a cellular phone, a smartphone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system unit, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player, a camera, a game console, a tablet computer, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an always-on (AON) device, an edge processing device, or another device. A UE 120 may also be more generally referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, or a handset, among others.

[0035] BS 110 may communicate wirelessly with UE 120 (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from the UE) via communication link 170. Communication link 170 between BS 110 and UE 120 may carry uplink (UL) (also known as a reverse link) transmissions from UE 120 to BS 110 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as a forward link) transmissions from BS 110 to UE 120. In various aspects, communication link 170 may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity.

[0036] BS 110 may generally include, for example, a NodeB, an enhanced NodeB (eNB), a next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB), a next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, transceiver functionality, a transmit / receive point, and / or the like. BS 110 may provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 112, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., a small cell provided by BS 110a may have a coverage area 112' that overlaps with the coverage area 112 of a macro cell). For example, a BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell (covering a relatively large geographic area), a pico cell (covering a relatively small geographic area, such as a stadium), a femto cell (covering a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home)), and / or other types of cells.

[0037] Although BS110 is depicted in various aspects as a single communication device, BS110 can be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of the base station may be decomposed, including a central unit (CU), one or more distributed units (DUs), one or more radio units (RUs), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of the base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS110) may include components located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples where the base station includes components located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform a function such that the various components collectively implement functionality similar to that of a base station located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components located at various physical locations may be referred to as a decomposed radio access network architecture (such as an open RAN (O-RAN) or virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture). Figure 3 An example decomposed base station architecture is depicted and described.

[0038] Different BSs 110 within the wireless network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies (such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G, etc.). For example, a BS 110 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., an S1 interface). A BS 110 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with the 5GC 190 via a second backhaul link 184. The BSs 110 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or the 5GC 190) over a third backhaul link 134 (e.g., an X2 interface), which may be wired or wireless.

[0039] The wireless network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various categories, frequency bands, channels, or other characteristics. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, subcarrier, channel, tone, or subband. For example, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 megahertz (MHz) to 7125 MHz, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as "below 6 GHz." Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24,250 MHz to 52,600 MHz, which is sometimes (interchangeably) referred to as "millimeter wave" ("mmW" or "mmWave"). A base station configured to communicate using mmWave or near-mmWave radio bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS110b) may utilize beamforming (e.g., as shown by 182) with a UE (e.g., 120) to improve path loss and range.

[0040] The communication link 170 between BS 110 and, for example, UE 120 may use one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, and / or other bandwidths) and may be aggregated in various aspects. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other in frequency. In some examples, the allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL compared to UL).

[0041] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and shorter range than communications using lower frequencies. Accordingly, some base stations (e.g., Figure 1182 ′. Similarly, the transmit direction and receive direction of UE 120 may or may not be the same.

[0042] Wireless network 100 may include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 (eg, UE 120 ) via communication links 154 in, for example, the 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum.

[0043] Some of the UEs 120 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0044] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a mobility management entity (MME) 161, other MMEs 162, a serving gateway 163, a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) gateway 164, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 165, and / or a packet data network (PDN) gateway 166, such as in the depicted example. MME 161 may communicate with a home subscriber server (HSS) 167. MME 161 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 120 and EPC 160. Generally speaking, MME 161 provides bearer and connection management.

[0045] User Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be delivered through a serving gateway 163, which is connected to a PDN gateway 166. The PDN gateway 166 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN gateway 166 and the BM-SC 165 are connected to IP services 168, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), packet-switched (PS) streaming services, and / or other IP services.

[0046] BM-SC 165 can provide functionality for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 165 can serve as an entry point for content providers' MBMS delivery, can be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and / or can be used to schedule MBMS delivery. MBMS Gateway 164 can be used to distribute MBMS services to BSs 110 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a specific service, and / or can be responsible for session management (e.g., session start / stop) and collecting eMBMS-related charging information.

[0047] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: access and mobility management function (AMF) 191, other AMFs 192, session management function (SMF) 193, and user plane function (UPF) 194. AMF 191 may communicate with unified data management (UDM) 195.

[0048] AMF 191 is a control node that processes signaling between UE 120 and 5GC 190. AMF 191 provides, for example, Quality of Service (QoS) flow and session management.

[0049] The IP packets are passed through UPF 194, which connects to IP services 196 and provides UE IP address allocation and other functions for 5GC 190. IP services 196 may include, for example, the Internet, intranet, IMS, PS streaming services, and / or other IP services.

[0050] In various aspects, a network entity or network node may be implemented as a converged base station, a decomposed base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, or a transmit reception point (TRP), to name a few examples.

[0051] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0052] Figure 2 Aspects of an example BS 110 and UE 120 according to the present disclosure are depicted.

[0053] BS 110 includes various processors (e.g., 220, 230, 238, and 240), antennas 234a-234t (collectively 234), transceivers 232a-232t (collectively 232) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 212) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 239). For example, BS 110 can transmit and receive data between BS 110 and UE 120. BS 110 includes a controller / processor 240 that can be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communication.

[0054] The UE 120 includes various processors (e.g., 258, 264, 266, and 280), antennas 252a-252r (collectively, 252), transceivers 254a-254r (collectively, 254) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from a data source 262) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to a data sink 260). The UE 120 includes a controller / processor 280 that can be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.

[0055] For example downlink transmissions, BS 110 includes a transmit processor 220 that can receive data from a data source 212 and control information from a controller / processor 240. The control information can be for a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), and / or other. In some examples, the data can be for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

[0056] The transmit processor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols (such as for a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS)).

[0057] The transmit (TX) MIMO processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-coding) on the data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols, as applicable, and may provide an output symbol stream to a modulator (MOD) in the transceivers 232a-232t. Each modulator in the transceivers 232a-232t may process a corresponding output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The downlink signals from the modulators in the transceivers 232a-232t may be transmitted via the antennas 234a-234t, respectively.

[0058] To receive downlink transmissions, UE 120 includes antennas 252a-252r that can receive downlink signals from BS 110 and provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 254a-254r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 254a-254r can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a corresponding received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator can further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.

[0059] A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators in transceivers 254a-254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 280.

[0060] For example uplink transmissions, the UE 120 also includes a transmit processor 264 that can receive and process data from a data source 262 (e.g., for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) and control information from a controller / processor 280 (e.g., for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., for a sounding reference signal (SRS)). The symbols from the transmit processor 264 can be pre-decoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, further processed by the modulators in the transceivers 254a-254r (e.g., for SC-FDM), and transmitted to the BS 110.

[0061] At BS 110, uplink signals from UE 120 may be received by antennas 234a-234t, processed by demodulators in transceivers 232a-232t, detected by MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller / processor 240. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for BS 110 and UE 120, respectively. Scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0062] In various aspects, the BS 110 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, "transmitting" may refer to various mechanisms for outputting data, such as from a data source 212, a scheduler 244, a memory 242, a transmit processor 220, a controller / processor 240, a TX MIMO processor 230, transceivers 232a-232t, antennas 234a-234t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, "receiving" may refer to various mechanisms for obtaining data, such as from antennas 234a-334t, transceivers 232a-332t, a receive (RX) MIMO detector 236, a controller / processor 240, a receive processor 238, a scheduler 244, a memory 242, and / or other aspects described herein.

[0063] In various aspects, the UE 120 may also be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, "transmitting" may refer to various mechanisms for outputting data, such as from a data source 262, memory 282, transmit processor 264, controller / processor 280, TX MIMO processor 266, transceivers 254a-254t, antennas 252a-252t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, "receiving" may refer to various mechanisms for obtaining data, such as from antennas 252a-252t, transceivers 254a-254t, RX MIMO detector 256, controller / processor 280, receive processor 258, memory 282, and / or other aspects described herein.

[0064] In some aspects, the processor may be configured to perform various operations (such as those associated with the methods described herein) and send (output) data to or receive (obtain) data from another interface configured to send or receive data, respectively.

[0065] Although Figure 2The blocks in FIG. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above with respect to these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0066] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0067] The deployment of a communication system such as a 5G NR system can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of the network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an eNB, an NR BS, a 5G NB, an AP, a TRP or a cell, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as an independent base station or a monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. A "network entity" or a "network node" may refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs or a combination thereof).

[0068] A converged base station (e.g., a converged network entity) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A decomposed base station (e.g., a decomposed network entity) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, the CU may be implemented within the network entity, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually spread across one or more other network nodes. The DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), among others.

[0069] Base station type operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling of the communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed separately. A disaggregated base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Each unit of the disaggregated base station may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the disaggregated base station.

[0070] Figure 3 An example disaggregated base station 300 architecture is depicted. The disaggregated base station 300 architecture may include one or more CUs 310 that may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both. The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 340 may communicate with corresponding UEs 120 via one or more RF access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0071] Each of the units (e.g., CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of the unit, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, the units may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally or alternatively, the units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, to one or more of the other units over a wireless transmission medium.

[0072] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0073] The DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of the following, at least in part according to a functional split (such as that defined by 3GPP): a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more higher physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.). In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more lower PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0074] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, a RU 340 controlled by a DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functionality or low PHY layer functionality (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 340 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 330 and CU 310 in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0075] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325. In some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305 .

[0076] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logic that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logic that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0077] In some implementations, the non-RT RIC 315 can receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and can be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 can monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to implement corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0078] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0079] Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D Described is a method for wireless communication networks such as Figure 1 Various aspects of the data structure of the wireless network 100). Figure 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, Figure 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of a DL channel within a 5G subframe, Figure 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and Figure 4D FIG480 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.

[0080] Wireless communication systems can utilize Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with a Cyclic Prefix (CP) on both the uplink and downlink. Such systems can also support half-duplex operation using Time Division Duplex (TDD). OFDM and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) will (for example, Figure 4B and Figure 4D The system bandwidth (as depicted in FIG) is divided into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Modulation symbols can be transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and / or in the time domain using SC-FDM.

[0081] The wireless communication frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to either DL or UL. The wireless communication frame structure may also be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL.

[0082] exist Figure 4A and Figure 4C In the embodiment of the present invention, the wireless communication frame structure is TDD, where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexibly used between DL / UL. The UE can be configured with a time slot format (dynamically configured by DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured by RRC signaling) through a received time slot format indicator (SFI). In the depicted example, the 10ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot format. The subframe may also include micro slots, which typically have fewer symbols than a whole time slot. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0083] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and parameter set. For example, for slot configuration 0, different parameter sets (μ) 0 through 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different parameter sets 0 through 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2μ slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the parameter set. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ × 15 kHz, where μ is the parameter set index, which can be selected from values 0 to 5. Accordingly, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ = 5 is 480 kHz. Other parameter sets and subcarrier spacings can be used. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D An example is provided for slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and parameter set μ = 2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.

[0084] like Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C and Figure 4D As depicted in FIG, a resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also called a physical RB (PRB)) extending over, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0085] like Figure 4AAs illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RSs) for a UE (e.g., UE 120). The RSs may include DMRSs and / or CSI-RSs for channel estimation at the UE. The RSs may also include beamforming RSs (BRSs), beam refinement RSs (BRRSs), and / or phase tracking RSs (PT-RSs).

[0086] Figure 4B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated.The PDCCH carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising, for example, nine RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.

[0087] The PSS may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (eg, UE 120) to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification.

[0088] The SSS may be within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.

[0089] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DMRS. The PBCH carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form an SSB (also known as a synchronization signal (SS) / PBSCH block). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The PDSCH carries user data, broadcast system information not sent via the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and / or paging messages.

[0090] like Figure 4C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DMRSs for channel estimation at the base station (indicated as R for a specific configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible). The UE may transmit DMRSs for the PUCCH and DMRSs for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and on the specific PUCCH format used. The UE 120 may transmit an SRS. The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may transmit the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0091] Figure 4DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSRs), power headroom reports (PHRs), and / or UCI.

[0092] Figure 5 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network according to the present disclosure. Figure 5 As shown in , downlink channels and downlink reference signals may carry information from a network node (e.g., BS 110) to UE 120, and uplink channels and uplink reference signals may carry information from UE 120 to BS 110. As shown, downlink channels may include, among others, a PDCCH carrying DCI, a PDSCH carrying downlink data, or a PBCH carrying system information. In some aspects, PDSCH communications may be scheduled by PDCCH communications. As further shown, uplink channels may include, among others, a PUCCH carrying UCI, a PUSCH carrying uplink data, or a PRACH for initial network access. In some aspects, UE 120 may send acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback (e.g., ACK / NACK feedback or ACK / NACK information) in the UCI on the PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0093] As further shown, downlink reference signals may include SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS, positioning reference signal (PRS), or phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. As also shown, uplink reference signals may include SRS, DMRS, or PTRS, etc.

[0094] The SSB may carry information used for initial network acquisition and synchronization, such as the PSS, SSS, PBCH, and PBCH DMRS. The SSB is sometimes referred to as an SS / PBCH block. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit multiple SSBs on multiple corresponding beams, and the SSBs may be used for beam selection.

[0095] The CSI-RS may carry information used for downlink channel estimation (e.g., downlink CSI acquisition), which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, or beam management, among other things. BS 110 may configure a CSI-RS set for UE 120, and UE 120 may measure the configured CSI-RS set. Based at least in part on the measurements, UE 120 may perform channel estimation and may report channel estimation parameters such as CQI, PMI, CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), layer indicator (LI), RI, or reference signal received power (RSRP) to network node 110 (e.g., in a CSI report). Network node 110 may use the CSI report to select transmission parameters for downlink communications to UE 120, such as the number of transmission layers (e.g., rank), precoding matrix (e.g., precoder), modulation and coding scheme (MCS), or refine the downlink beam (e.g., using a beam refinement process or a beam management process), among other things.

[0096] DMRS can carry information used to estimate the radio channel to demodulate the associated physical channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PUCCH, or PUSCH). The design and mapping of DMRS can be specific to the physical channel that the DMRS is used to estimate. DMRS is UE-specific, can be beamformed, can be restricted to scheduled resources (e.g., rather than being transmitted over a wideband), and can be transmitted only when necessary. As shown in the figure, DMRS is used for both downlink and uplink communications.

[0097] PTRS can carry information used to compensate for oscillator phase noise. Typically, phase noise increases with increasing oscillator carrier frequency. Therefore, PTRS can be utilized at high carrier frequencies (such as millimeter wave frequencies) to mitigate phase noise. PTRS can be used to track the phase of the local oscillator and to achieve phase noise and common phase error (CPE) suppression. As shown in the figure, PTRS is used for both downlink communications (e.g., on the PDSCH) and uplink communications (e.g., on the PUSCH).

[0098] The PRS may carry information used to implement timing or ranging measurements for UE 120 based on signals transmitted by network node 110 to improve observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning performance. For example, the PRS may be a pseudo-random quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) sequence mapped in a diagonal pattern with a frequency offset and a time offset to avoid collisions with cell-specific reference signals and control channels (e.g., PDCCH). Generally speaking, the PRS may be designed to improve detectability for UE 120, which may need to detect downlink signals from multiple neighboring network nodes in order to perform OTDOA-based positioning. Accordingly, UE 120 may receive PRS from multiple cells (e.g., a reference cell and one or more neighboring cells) and may report reference signal time difference (RSTD) based on OTDOA measurements associated with the PRS received from the multiple cells. In some aspects, network node 110 may then calculate the position of UE 120 based on the RSTD measurements reported by UE 120.

[0099] The SRS may carry information used for uplink channel estimation, which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, precoder selection, or beam management, among other things. BS 110 may configure one or more SRS resource sets for UE 120, and UE 120 may transmit the SRS on the configured SRS resource sets. The SRS resource sets may have configured uses such as uplink CSI acquisition, downlink CSI acquisition for reciprocity-based operation, uplink beam management, and so on. BS 110 may measure the SRS, perform channel estimation based at least in part on these measurements, and use the SRS measurements to configure communications with UE 120.

[0100] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0101] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of carrier aggregation according to the present disclosure.

[0102] Carrier aggregation is a technique that enables two or more component carriers (CCs, sometimes referred to as carriers) to be combined (e.g., into a single channel) for use with a single UE 120 to increase data capacity. As shown, carriers can be combined in the same or different frequency bands. Additionally or alternatively, contiguous or non-contiguous carriers can be combined. A network node (e.g., BS 110) can configure carrier aggregation for UE 120, such as in an RRC message, DCI, and / or another signaling message.

[0103] As indicated by reference numeral 605, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an intra-band contiguous mode, where the aggregated carriers are contiguous with each other and in the same frequency band. As indicated by reference numeral 610, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an intra-band discontiguous mode, where the aggregated carriers are discontiguous with each other and in the same frequency band. As indicated by reference numeral 615, in some aspects, carrier aggregation may be configured in an inter-band discontiguous mode, where the aggregated carriers are discontiguous with each other and in different frequency bands.

[0104] In carrier aggregation, a UE 120 may be configured with a primary carrier or primary cell (PCell) and one or more secondary carriers or secondary cells (SCells). In some aspects, the primary carrier may carry control information (e.g., downlink control information and / or scheduling information) for scheduling data communications on one or more secondary carriers, which may be referred to as cross-carrier scheduling. In some aspects, a carrier (e.g., a primary carrier or a secondary carrier) may carry control information for scheduling data communications on that carrier, which may be referred to as self-carrier scheduling or carrier self-scheduling.

[0105] As indicated above, Figure 6 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0106] When a network entity operates in a low energy mode where a cell is dormant or inactive, the network entity may request measurements from the UE to track cell quality and enable fast switching to the dormant or active state. However, this may result in undesirable energy usage.

[0107] Some techniques described herein include a method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a UE, the method comprising: receiving an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell that includes a second cell; and sending a measurement report regarding the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell for the first cell. Because measurements of the anchor cell can be used to estimate measurements of one or more dormant or inactive cells (which may include PCells and / or SCells), the UE can measure and / or report on the anchor cell instead of on each of the one or more dormant and / or inactive cells, thereby resulting in lower energy usage.

[0108] Some techniques described herein include a method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a network entity, the method comprising: outputting an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell that includes a second cell; and receiving a measurement report regarding the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell for the first cell. Accordingly, the network entity can operate in a low-energy mode with one or more dormant or inactive cells while continuing to receive information regarding cell quality. Furthermore, the aforementioned method can reduce energy consumption by allowing the anchor cell to maintain synchronization with the one or more dormant or inactive cells without, for example, requiring the network entity to transmit an SSB to each dormant or inactive cell.

[0109] Figure 7 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with an anchor cell providing a carrier for dormancy and deactivation according to the present disclosure. Figure 7 As shown in , a network entity (such as BS 110) and a UE (such as UE 120) may communicate with each other.

[0110] As indicated by reference numeral 705, the network entity may output, and the UE may receive, signaling for configuring the UE to associate an anchor cell with each cell of the BS 110 configured for the UE. The cells may include one or more PCells, one or more SCells, combinations thereof, and the like. For each cell of the BS 110, the configuration may include an index and / or identifier (ID) associating the cell with another cell that may serve as an anchor cell. For example, the index and / or ID may identify a first cell and a second cell, and when the first cell is operating in a dormant state, the second cell will be the anchor cell for the first cell. The anchor cell may serve as an anchor cell for multiple cells. For example, in addition to the first cell, the second cell may also serve as an anchor cell for, for example, a third cell. The signaling associating each cell with an anchor cell may include RRC signaling. In some aspects, a PCell, an SCell, or a combination thereof may be associated with an anchor cell. In some aspects, a PCell, an SCell, or a combination thereof may serve as an anchor cell for one or more PCells, SCells, or a combination thereof.

[0111] As indicated by reference numeral 710, a network entity may output, and a UE may receive, an indication that one or more cells are to transition to a dormant state or an inactive state. The transition of the first cell to the dormant state or the inactive state may include the UE, the network entity, or both taking certain actions, such as ceasing transmission on the first cell, powering down a transmitter and / or receiver associated with the first cell, and / or the like. In some aspects, the indication that the one or more cells are to transition to the dormant state may identify an anchor cell for the one or more cells as an alternative to the configuration discussed above at reference numeral 705. In examples where the dormant indication identifies an anchor cell, the anchor cell for the cell may be dynamically indicated using an anchor carrier ID via any of the reserved bits of the dormant indication.

[0112] As indicated by reference numeral 715, the network entity may output and the UE may receive the CSI-RS on the anchor cell. As discussed above, the CSI-RS may carry information used for downlink channel estimation (e.g., downlink CSI acquisition), which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, or beam management with respect to the anchor cell, among other things. In some aspects, the CSI-RS received on the anchor cell may be used for downlink channel estimation for one or more dormant cells. The network entity may configure a CSI-RS set for the UE, and the UE may measure the configured CSI-RS set, as discussed below.

[0113] The UE may perform measurements based on the CSI-RS on the anchor cell, as indicated by reference numeral 720. The measurements may allow the UE to perform channel estimation with respect to the anchor cell.

[0114] In some aspects, the network entity may output CSI-RS on one or more dormant cells, and the UE may receive CSI-RS on one or more dormant cells, as indicated by reference numeral 725. This may occur, for example, if the network entity is configured to continue outputting CSI-RS via the dormant cells.

[0115] As indicated by reference numeral 730, in some aspects the UE may perform measurements based on the CSI-RS on the dormant cell associated with the CSI-RS received at reference numeral 725. The measurements may allow the UE to perform channel estimation with respect to the dormant cell.

[0116] As indicated by reference numeral 735, the UE may send a measurement report on the anchor cell, and the network entity may receive the measurement report on the anchor cell. For example, the UE may report channel estimation parameters to the network entity in a CSI report, and the network entity may use the CSI report to select transmission parameters for downlink communications to the UE. In some aspects, such as when the CSI-RS associated with reference numerals 725 and 730 is omitted, the anchor cell may be used for both measurement and reporting. In this instance, the UE does not perform measurements or reporting on the dormant cell. In some aspects, measurement reporting may occur only on the anchor cell and not on any dormant cells, even if CSI-RS measurements are performed on the dormant cell at reference numeral 730. In aspects where measurements are performed on the anchor cell and not on one or more dormant cells, the network entity may assume that measurements associated with the anchor cell apply to the one or more dormant cells. By way of example, if a first cell is operating in dormant mode and a second cell is an anchor cell for the first cell, the network entity may assume that measurements associated with the anchor cell (e.g., the second cell) also apply to the first cell.

[0117] Using the aforementioned example 700, a network entity can operate in a low-energy mode with one or more dormant or inactive cells while continuing to receive information about cell quality. Because measurements of an anchor cell can be used to estimate measurements of a dormant or inactive cell (which can be a PCell or SCell), a UE can measure and / or report on the anchor cell rather than on each of the dormant and / or inactive cells, resulting in lower energy usage. Furthermore, the aforementioned method can reduce energy consumption by allowing the anchor cell to maintain synchronization with the dormant cells without, for example, requiring the network entity to send an SSB to each dormant or inactive cell.

[0118] As indicated above, Figure 7 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0119] Figure 8 A method 800 for wireless communications by a UE, such as UE 120, is shown.

[0120] Methodology 800 begins at 810, where an indication is received that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, where the first cell is associated with an anchor cell that includes a second cell.

[0121] Then, the method 800 proceeds to step 820, where a measurement report on the second cell is sent because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell of the first cell.

[0122] In one aspect, method 800 further includes transitioning the first cell to a dormant state before sending the measurement report.

[0123] In one aspect, the measurement report does not include measurements of the first cell.

[0124] In one aspect, sending the measurement report includes sending, to the anchor cell, measurements of a channel state information reference signal received on the first cell while the first cell is in a dormant state.

[0125] In one aspect, sending the measurement report includes sending measurements of a channel state information reference signal received on the second cell.

[0126] In one aspect, the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via radio resource control signaling.

[0127] In one aspect, the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via an indication that the first cell is to transition to a dormant state.

[0128] In one aspect, the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via an index.

[0129] In one aspect, method 800 includes receiving an indication that a third cell is to transition to a dormant state; and sending a measurement report on the second cell because the third cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell for the third cell.

[0130] In one aspect, method 800 or any aspect related thereto may be performed by an apparatus such as Figure 10 The method 800 is performed by a communication device 1000 comprising various components operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 800. The communication device 1000 is described in more detail below.

[0131] Please note that Figure 8 This is merely one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible in light of the present disclosure.

[0132] Figure 9 shows a method for use by a network entity such as BS 110 or as described with respect to Figure 3 A method 900 of performing wireless communications with a decomposed base station is discussed.

[0133] Method 900 begins at 910 where an indication is output that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, where the first cell is associated with an anchor cell that includes a second cell.

[0134] Then, the method 900 proceeds to step 920 , where a measurement report on the second cell is received because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell of the first cell.

[0135] In one aspect, the method includes transitioning the first cell to a dormant state prior to receiving the measurement report.

[0136] In one aspect, the measurement report does not include measurements of the first cell.

[0137] In one aspect, receiving the measurement report includes receiving, on the anchor cell, measurements of a channel state information reference signal on the first cell while the first cell is in a dormant state.

[0138] In one aspect, receiving the measurement report includes receiving measurements of a channel state information reference signal received on the second cell.

[0139] In one aspect, the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via radio resource control signaling.

[0140] In one aspect, the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via an indication that the first cell is to transition to a dormant state.

[0141] In one aspect, the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via an index.

[0142] In one aspect, the method 900 includes outputting an indication that the third cell is to transition to a dormant state; and receiving a measurement report on the second cell because the third cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell for the third cell.

[0143] In one aspect, method 900 includes outputting, by a first cell, a channel state information reference signal.

[0144] In one aspect, method 900 or any aspect related thereto may be performed by an apparatus such as Figure 11 The method 900 is performed by a communication device 1100 comprising various components operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 900. The communication device 1100 is described in more detail below.

[0145] Please note that Figure 9 This is merely one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible in light of the present disclosure.

[0146] Figure 10 Depicted are aspects of an example communications device 1000. In some aspects, communications device 1000 is user equipment, such as UE 120.

[0147] The communication device 1000 includes a processing system 1002 coupled to a transceiver 1008 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver). The transceiver 1008 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communication device 1000, such as the various signals described herein, via an antenna 1010. The processing system 1002 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communication device 1000, including processing signals received by the communication device 1000 and / or to be transmitted by the communication device.

[0148] The processing system 1002 includes one or more processors 1020. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1020 may represent one or more of the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, the TX MIMO processor 266, and / or the controller / processor 280, as described with respect to FIG. Figure 2 The one or more processors 1020 are coupled to the computer readable medium / memory 1030 via the bus 1006. In some aspects, the computer readable medium / memory 1030 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1020, cause the one or more processors 1020 to perform operations related to the computer readable medium / memory 1030. Figure 8 The described method 800 or any aspects related thereto. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of the communication device 1000 may include one or more processors performing that function of the communication device 1000.

[0149] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1030 stores: code (e.g., executable instructions) 1031 for receiving an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with a second cell; code 1032 for sending a measurement report regarding the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell for the first cell; code 1033 for transitioning the first cell to a dormant state before sending the measurement report; code 1034 for receiving an indication that a third cell is to transition to a dormant state; and code 1035 for sending a measurement report regarding the second cell because the third cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell for the third cell. The processing of codes 1031-1035 may cause the communication device 1000 to perform operations related to Figure 8 The described method 800 or any aspect related thereto.

[0150] The one or more processors 1020 include circuits configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1030, the circuits including: circuit 1021 for receiving an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with a second cell; circuit 1022 for sending a measurement report about the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell of the first cell; circuit 1023 for transitioning the first cell to a dormant state before sending the measurement report; circuit 1024 for receiving an indication that a third cell is to transition to a dormant state; and circuit 1025 for sending a measurement report about the second cell because the third cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell of the third cell. Processing using circuits 1021-1025 enables the communication device 1000 to perform operations related to Figure 8 The described method 800 or any aspect related thereto.

[0151] The various components of the communication device 1000 may provide for performing Figure 8 Means for transmitting, conveying, or outputting for transmission may include the transceiver 254 and / or antenna 252 of the UE 120, and / or any aspect thereof. Figure 10 The transceiver 1008 and antenna 1010 of the communication device 1000 in FIG. The means for receiving or obtaining may include the transceiver 254 and / or antenna 252 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 10 The transceiver 1008 and antenna 1010 of the communication device 1000 are shown in FIG.

[0152] Figure 11 Depicts aspects of an example communication device. In some aspects, the communication device 1100 is a network entity, such as BS 110 or as described with respect to Figure 3 The decomposed base station in question.

[0153] The communication device 1100 includes a processing system 1102 coupled to a transceiver 1108 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver) and / or a network interface 1112. The transceiver 1108 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communication device 1100, such as the various signals described herein, via an antenna 1110. The network interface 1112 is configured to receive signals via a communication link (such as those described herein). Figure 3 The processing system 1102 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communication device 1100, including processing signals received by the communication device 1100 and / or to be transmitted by the communication device 1100.

[0154] The processing system 1102 includes one or more processors 1120. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1120 may represent one or more of the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 220, the TX MIMO processor 230, and / or the controller / processor 240, as described with respect to FIG. Figure 2 The one or more processors 1120 are coupled to the computer readable medium / memory 1130 via the bus 1106. In some aspects, the computer readable medium / memory 1130 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer executable code) that, when executed by the one or more processors 1120, cause the one or more processors 1120 to perform operations related to the computer readable medium / memory 1130. Figure 9 The described method 900 or any aspect related thereto. Note that reference to a processor of the communication device 1100 performing a function may include one or more processors of the communication device 1100 performing that function.

[0155] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1130 stores: code 1131 (e.g., executable instructions) for outputting an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell that includes a second cell; code 1132 for receiving a measurement report regarding the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell of the first cell; code 1133 for transitioning the first cell to a dormant state before receiving the measurement report; code 1134 for outputting an indication that a third cell is to transition to a dormant state; code 1135 for receiving a measurement report regarding the second cell because the third cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell of the third cell; and code 1136 for outputting a channel state information reference signal via the first cell. The processing of codes 1131-1136 may cause the communication device 1100 to perform operations related to Figure 9 The described method 900 or any aspect related thereto.

[0156] The one or more processors 1120 include circuits configured to implement (e.g., execute) code stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1130, the circuits including: circuit 1121 for outputting an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; circuit 1122 for receiving a measurement report regarding the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell of the first cell; circuit 1123 for transitioning the first cell to a dormant state before receiving the measurement report; circuit 1124 for outputting an indication that a third cell is to transition to a dormant state; circuit 1125 for receiving a measurement report regarding the second cell because the third cell is dormant and the second cell is an anchor cell of the third cell; and circuit 1126 for outputting a channel state information reference signal via the first cell. Processing using circuits 1121-1126 enables the communication device 1100 to perform operations related to Figure 9 The described method 900 or any aspect related thereto.

[0157] The various components of the communication device 1100 may be used to perform Figure 9 Means for sending, transmitting, or outputting for transmission may include the transceiver 232 and / or antenna 234 of the BS 110, and / or Figure 11 The transceiver 1108 and antenna 1110 of the communication device 1100 in the embodiment of the present invention may include the transceiver 232 and / or antenna 234 of the BS 110, and / or Figure 11 The transceiver 1108 and antenna 1110 of the communication device 1100 in FIG.

[0158] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0159] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a UE, the method comprising: receiving an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; and sending a measurement report about the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell.

[0160] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the method further comprises transitioning the first cell to the dormant state before sending the measurement report.

[0161] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the measurement report does not include measurements of the first cell.

[0162] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein sending the measurement report comprises sending, to the anchor cell, a measurement of a channel state information reference signal received on the first cell when the first cell is in the dormant state.

[0163] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein sending the measurement report comprises sending a measurement of a channel state information reference signal received on the second cell.

[0164] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via radio resource control signaling.

[0165] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via the indication that the first cell is to transition to the dormant state.

[0166] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via an index.

[0167] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the method further includes: receiving an indication that a third cell is to transition to a dormant state; and sending a measurement report about the second cell because the third cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the third cell.

[0168] Aspect 10: A method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a network entity, the method comprising: outputting an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; and receiving a measurement report on the second cell because the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell.

[0169] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 10, wherein the method further comprises transitioning the first cell to the dormant state before receiving the measurement report.

[0170] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 11, wherein the measurement report does not include measurements of the first cell.

[0171] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 12, wherein receiving the measurement report comprises receiving, on the anchor cell, measurements of a channel state information reference signal on the first cell when the first cell is in the dormant state.

[0172] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 13, wherein receiving the measurement report comprises receiving measurements of a channel state information reference signal received on the second cell.

[0173] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 14, wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via radio resource control signaling.

[0174] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 15, wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via the indication that the first cell is to transition to the dormant state.

[0175] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 16, wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via an index.

[0176] Aspect 18: According to the method according to any one of Aspects 10 to 17, the method further includes: outputting an indication that the third cell is to transition to a dormant state; and receiving a measurement report about the second cell because the third cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the third cell.

[0177] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 18 further includes outputting a channel state information reference signal through the first cell.

[0178] Aspect 20: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 19.

[0179] Aspect 21: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 19.

[0180] Aspect 22: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 19.

[0181] Aspect 23: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 19.

[0182] Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 19.

[0183] While the foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of these aspects.

[0184] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other names, "software" should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented by a combination of different forms of hardware and / or hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit various aspects. Therefore, no reference is made herein to specific software code to describe the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods, as those skilled in the art will appreciate that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based at least in part on the description herein.

[0185] As used herein, "satisfying a threshold" may mean that a value is greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc., depending on the context.

[0186] Although specific combinations of features are described in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features can be combined in a manner not specifically described in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim combined with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of these items (which includes a single member). As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination of multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other arrangement of a, b, and c).

[0187] Any element, action or instruction used herein should not be interpreted as key or necessary unless clearly described as such. In addition, as used herein, the articles "one" and "a kind of" are intended to include one or more entries and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more entries connected with the article "said", and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "group" and "cluster" are intended to include one or more entries and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only one entry is intended to be referred to, the phrase "only one" or similar terms are used. In addition, as used herein, the terms "have", "have", "have" etc. are intended to be open terms, which do not limit the elements they modify (for example, "an element having" A can also have B). In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "at least partially based on", unless otherwise clearly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" when used in a series is intended to be open-ended and used interchangeably with "and / or" unless expressly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in conjunction with "either" or "only one of").

[0188] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein do not limit the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Various examples may omit, replace, or add various processes or components as appropriate. For example, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, the features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, a device or method of practice may be implemented using any number of aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods practiced using other structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities that supplement or replace the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the present claims.

[0189] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. Although a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, in an alternative embodiment, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC), or any other such configuration).

[0190] As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc. Furthermore, "determining" may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, etc.

[0191] The method disclosed herein includes one or more actions for implementing the method. Method actions can be interchangeable with each other without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions can be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. In addition, the various operations of the method described above can be performed by any appropriate component that can perform the corresponding function. The component may include various hardware and / or software components and / or modules, including but not limited to circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or processors.

[0192] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within the claims, unless specifically stated otherwise, references to elements in the singular are not intended to mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "some" refers to one or more. No claim element is to be interpreted under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f) unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "parts for...". All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or will later be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a device of a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; as well as Since the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell, a measurement report on the second cell is sent. 2 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising transitioning the first cell to the dormant state before sending the measurement report. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measurement report does not include measurements of the first cell. 4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the measurement report comprises sending, to the anchor cell, measurements of a channel state information reference signal received on the first cell while the first cell is in the dormant state.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the measurement report comprises sending a measurement of a channel state information reference signal received on the second cell. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via radio resource control signaling. 7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via the indication that the first cell is to transition to the dormant state. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via an index.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving an indication that the third cell is to transition to a dormant state; as well as Since the third cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the third cell, a measurement report on the second cell is sent.

10. A method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus of a network entity, the method comprising: outputting an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; as well as Since the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell, a measurement report on the second cell is received. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising transitioning the first cell to the dormant state before receiving the measurement report. The method of claim 10 , wherein the measurement report does not include measurements of the first cell.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein receiving the measurement report comprises receiving, on the anchor cell, measurements of a channel state information reference signal on the first cell while the first cell is in the dormant state.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein receiving the measurement report comprises receiving measurements of a channel state information reference signal received on the second cell.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via radio resource control signaling.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via the indication that the first cell is to transition to the dormant state. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first cell is associated with the anchor cell via an index.

18. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: outputting an indication that the third cell is to transition to a dormant state; as well as Since the third cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the third cell, a measurement report on the second cell is received. The method according to claim 10 , further comprising outputting a channel state information reference signal through the first cell.

20. A user equipment configured for wireless communication, the user equipment comprising: a memory comprising processor-executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the user equipment to: receiving an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; as well as Since the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell, a measurement report on the second cell is sent.

21. A network entity configured for wireless communication, the network entity comprising: a memory comprising processor-executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the network entity to: outputting an indication that a first cell is to transition to a dormant state, wherein the first cell is associated with an anchor cell including a second cell; as well as Since the first cell is dormant and the second cell is the anchor cell of the first cell, a measurement report on the second cell is received.

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