Planting method for improving planting survival rate of young tea trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for improving the planting survival rate of young tea trees, and particularly relates to the field of plant cultivation methods. Comprising the following steps: selecting a flat land, a gentle slope or a mountain land, and reclaiming the land into an equal-height stepped garden plot according to the tread width of 1.0-1.5 m; if the slope of the mountain tea garden is greater than 25 degrees, planting along the slope at equal height; 7 days before field planting of the tea trees, young tea seedlings subjected to cuttage for 1-2 years are selected, and naphthylacetic acid is applied in a root watering mode; the depth of the dug tea pits is 20 cm, the tea seedlings are put into the tea pits, soil is firstly filled and compressed once, then soil is filled and compressed once, and the distance between the root necks of the planted tea seedlings and the soil surface is 2 cm or above; after field planting of the tea trees is completed, pruning is conducted immediately, the height of the tea trees is 20 cm above the ground, and 3-4 leaves are reserved; after field planting of the tea seedlings, sufficient root fixing water is watered, and watering should be conducted in time if the field is drought after sowing. By adopting the technical scheme, the problem of low planting survival rate of young tea trees planted by an existing tea tree planting method is solved, and the survival rate of the young tea trees is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation methods, and in particular to a planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees. Background Art

[0002] Tea (Camellia sinensis), one of the world's most widely cultivated cash crops, originated in southwestern China and has a history dating back 60 to 70 million years. Tea is not only a globally popular beverage but is also considered beneficial to health due to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and cardiovascular protective properties. Currently, approximately 3 billion people worldwide enjoy drinking tea, and the tea industry occupies a vital position in the agricultural economy. As the native land of tea, my country boasts a wide range of areas suitable for tea cultivation. However, due to differences in the ecological environment and cultivars, the survival rate of young tea plants is generally low, a significant constraint on the development of the tea industry.

[0003] The survival rate of young tea plants after planting is influenced by a variety of factors, including soil conditions, climate, variety characteristics, and cultivation and management techniques. Tea plants are particularly sensitive to environmental changes during the seedling stage, especially in the early stages of planting. Their underdeveloped root systems and weak resilience make them vulnerable to adverse conditions such as drought, pests and diseases, and poor soil quality, leading to a decrease in survival rate. Furthermore, the development of a tea plant's root system is directly related to its later growth potential and yield. Poor root development in young tea plants further impairs their ability to absorb water and nutrients, thereby limiting their growth and development.

[0004] Traditional tea planting methods often rely on natural conditions and empirical management, lacking scientific technical support. For example, factors such as soil physical and chemical properties, water management, and nutrient supply are not fully optimized during planting. This results in young tea trees struggling to adapt quickly to their new environment, slow root development, and low survival rates. Furthermore, differences in tea varieties significantly impact their survival rates, with some varieties exhibiting poor adaptability to the environment, further exacerbating the low survival rate.

[0005] Although some studies have attempted to improve the survival rate of young tea trees by improving cultivation techniques, optimizing soil conditions, and strengthening water management, these methods often have problems such as complex operations, high costs, or unstable results. For example, soil improvement requires a large amount of organic matter and fertilizer input, while the refined operation of water management requires high technical requirements from growers, making it difficult to promote in large-scale planting. Therefore, how to improve the survival rate of young tea trees and promote their root development and overall growth through a simple, efficient, and cost-effective method remains a technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0006] In summary, the low survival rate of young tea trees severely hinders the sustainable development of the tea industry. Building on existing technologies, exploring planting methods that can effectively improve the survival rate of young tea trees and promote root development has become a key research topic in tea cultivation. Addressing this issue will not only improve tea planting efficiency but also provide technical support for the large-scale and standardized development of the tea industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees, thereby solving the problem of low survival rate of young tea trees in existing tea planting methods.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Preparation before planting: Choose flat land, gentle slope or mountainous land with a slope of ≤25° and cultivate it into terraced gardens with a width of 1.0m to 1.5m. If the slope of the mountain tea garden is greater than 25°, the planting should be carried out along the slope.

[0010] S2. Applying naphthaleneacetic acid: Mix naphthaleneacetic acid with water to a concentration of 25 mg / L. Seven days before planting tea trees, select young tea seedlings that are 1 to 2 years old and apply 25 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid to the roots by watering them at a dosage of 100 mL / plant.

[0011] S3. Planting tea seedlings: dig a tea pit with a depth of 20 cm, place the tea seedlings in the tea pit, fill the soil and compact it, then fill the soil again and compact it, and plant the tea seedlings with a distance of more than 2 cm from the soil surface;

[0012] S4. Pruning: Prune the tea tree immediately after planting. The height of the tea tree should be 20 cm from the ground. Leave 3 to 4 leaves and reduce 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the leaves.

[0013] S5. Shade and moisturize: After the tea seedlings are planted, water them enough to help them take root. If the field is dry after sowing, water them in time. The tea trees grow rapidly after they take root, so the field water holding capacity should be maintained at 60%. The weather is hot from June to October, so the field water holding capacity should be controlled at 70%. There is little precipitation in autumn and winter, and the soil is dry. At this time, the soil lacks moisture, so water should be applied in time.

[0014] Furthermore, step S1 also includes land preparation: timely deep plowing and sun drying, disinfecting the soil one week before sowing, fertilizing, applying sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, and applying an amount of 1500kg / mu.

[0015] The purpose of land preparation, as described above, is to improve soil structure, enhance soil fertility, and create an environment conducive to crop growth. Tilling loosens the soil, promoting root growth and improving air permeability and water retention. Leveling the land facilitates irrigation and drainage, reducing soil erosion and increasing land utilization. Applying organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, and lime improves soil pH, increases soil organic matter, and enhances soil fertility.

[0016] Furthermore, step S2 also includes applying naphthylacetic acid for the second time: on the day the tea trees are planted, naphthaleneacetic acid: water: yellow mud = 1:40000:40000 are mixed and stirred to prepare a slurry with a naphthaleneacetic acid concentration of 25 mg / L, and the roots of the young tea trees are fully contacted with the mud and covered with it.

[0017] Through this setup, naphthaleneacetic acid is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator that promotes cell division and expansion, inducing adventitious root formation. It can enter the plant through the tender epidermis of leaves and branches, and through seeds, where it is transported throughout the plant along with nutrient flow. A slurry of naphthaleneacetic acid mixed with yellow mud allows it to easily adhere to the roots of young tea plants, promoting root growth and development.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S3, the planting time is from January to March, and the young tea trees are planted in double rows, with a large row spacing of 150 cm, a small row spacing of 30 cm, and a plant spacing of 33 cm, with 4,000 trees planted per mu.

[0019] With the above setup, tea trees are planted from January to March, when temperatures gradually rise, which is beneficial for the growth of tea seedlings. Spring is the peak season for tea growth, and tea seedlings planted during this time are more likely to survive and grow rapidly. Planting tea trees in double rows with a spacing of 33 cm facilitates rapid establishment of the tea garden and reduces time costs. The wide row spacing of 150 cm facilitates operations such as tea picking and fertilizing between rows after the garden is established.

[0020] Furthermore, pruning is also included: light pruning is done once a year in mature tea gardens after the spring tea picking is completed, and the appropriate degree of pruning is to cut off 1 / 3 of the branches grown that year; deep pruning is done once every 4 to 5 years, and the pruned branches and leaves, except for diseased and insect-infested branches and leaves and thick branches and leaves, are cleared out of the tea garden, and the rest are left in the tea garden to fertilize the soil.

[0021] Due to the above-mentioned arrangement, tea trees have a physiological tendency to grow upward, apically. This results in rapid growth at the tips of the main branches, while lateral buds grow slowly or not at all. Pruning eliminates apical dominance, removing the inhibitory effect of the apical bud on the lateral buds, promoting lateral growth and increasing tea leaf production. Pruning can extend the lifespan of tea trees and revitalize their growth potential. Pruning artificially disrupts the physiological balance between the aboveground and underground parts of the tea tree, enhancing aboveground growth. Simultaneously, vigorous crown growth allows the roots to receive more nutrients, promoting further root growth. Pruning also significantly promotes nutrient accumulation in tea leaves. Young tea leaves are high in nitrogen, while older leaves are even higher in carbon. Pruning reduces the number of growing points, increasing the water and nutrient supply absorbed by the roots. Removing some branches reduces the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of new branches, thereby enhancing the nutritional growth of aboveground tea leaves.

[0022] Compared with the existing technology, this solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This solution innovatively adopts a compound application method of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), which improves the survival rate of young tea seedlings after planting, reduces production costs, increases tea garden yields, and has high economic benefits. The details are as follows:

[0024] (1) Improved economic benefits

[0025] This plan means more tea trees survive through a higher survival rate, directly increasing tea production, reducing the need for replanting, lowering seedling and labor costs, allowing tea trees to enter their high-yield period faster, accelerating capital recovery, and shortening the payback period.

[0026] (2) Improved ecological benefits

[0027] The roots of tea trees help to maintain water and soil, and an increased survival rate can enhance this effect. The activity of the tea tree roots promotes the optimization of soil structure and the improvement of fertility, making the tea garden ecosystem more stable and promoting biodiversity.

[0028] (3) Enhanced social benefits

[0029] Tea garden management, picking and other processes require more labor and provide employment opportunities. The tea industry drives rural economic growth and improves infrastructure and living conditions.

[0030] (4) Improve tea quality

[0031] Stable raw material supply and high survival rate ensure a stable supply of high-quality tea raw materials, making tea garden management more efficient and conducive to improving tea quality.

[0032] (5) Enhance risk resistance

[0033] The high survival rate of tea trees in this scheme is more resistant to disasters such as drought, pests and diseases. Stable production helps to cope with market price fluctuations and reduce business risks.

[0034] (6) Promoting sustainable development

[0035] This plan reduces resource waste, promotes sustainable development of the tea industry, reduces the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and reduces environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the changes in the survival rate of tea trees when different concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid are applied to the tea trees according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a graph showing changes in the number of days of advance root watering and the survival rate of tea trees planted in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0039] Example

[0040] A planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1. Preparation before planting: Select flat land, gentle slope or mountainous land with a slope of ≤25°, and cultivate it into terraced gardens with a width of 1.0m to 1.5m; if the slope of the mountain tea garden is greater than 25°, the plants should be planted at the same height along the slope. In this plan, during the cultivation of tea trees, choosing a suitable slope is crucial to ensuring the best growth conditions for the tea trees. The slope for tea planting should be controlled within 25 degrees. This range can not only effectively conserve water and soil, but also provide a good growth environment for tea trees, and facilitate the management of the tea garden. Too large a slope will cause soil erosion and reduce soil fertility, thereby affecting the root development of the tea trees; while too small a slope or flat land may cause waterlogging problems and increase the risk of pests and diseases. This step also includes land preparation: deep plowing and sun drying in time, disinfecting and fertilizing the soil one week before sowing, applying sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, at a rate of 1500kg / mu.

[0042] S2. Applying Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA): Mix NAA with water to a concentration of 25 mg / L. Seven days before planting tea trees, select young tea seedlings, one to two years old, and apply 25 mg / L of NAA to the roots using a root drench at a rate of 100 mL per plant. A second application of NAA: On the day of planting, mix NAA: water: yellow mud at a ratio of 1:40,000:40,000 to create a slurry with a 25 mg / L concentration. Apply the slurry to the roots of the young tea trees, covering them with the mud. In this protocol, NAA is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator that promotes cell division and expansion, inducing adventitious root formation. It enters the plant through the tender epidermis of leaves and branches, seeds, and roots, where it is transported throughout the plant through nutrient flow. Applying the NAA solution to the soil seven days before planting allows ample time for the NAA to contact the roots without causing excessive contact time, which could lead to loss of the NAA.

[0043] S3. Tea Seedling Planting: Planting takes place from January to March. Young tea trees are planted in double rows, with a maximum row spacing of 150 cm, a minimum row spacing of 30 cm, and a plant spacing of 33 cm. 4,000 plants are planted per mu. A 20 cm deep tea pit is dug. The seedlings are placed in the pit and filled with soil and compacted. The soil is then filled and compacted again, ensuring the root collars are at least 2 cm above the soil surface. In this protocol, the two filling and compacting steps during young tea planting ensure maximum soil contact between the roots, allowing them to absorb nutrients and water from the soil, thereby increasing the survival rate.

[0044] S4. Shaping and Pruning: Prune tea trees immediately after planting. The height of the tea tree should be 20 cm above the ground, leaving 3 to 4 leaves, and reducing the leaves by 1 / 2 to 1 / 3. Prune branches and leaves immediately after planting. A large leaf area increases transpiration. Pruning leaves is to prevent young tea trees from losing water too quickly, which can eventually lead to dehydration and death. At the same time, leave half of the leaves to promote photosynthesis and transpiration to absorb water from the roots.

[0045] S5. Shade and Moisture: After planting the tea seedlings, water them thoroughly to establish their roots. If the field is dry after sowing, water them promptly. Once the tea trees have established themselves, they should grow rapidly, so the field water capacity should be maintained at 60%. From June to October, when the weather is hot, the field water capacity should be controlled at 70%. During autumn and winter, when precipitation is low and the soil is dry, watering is necessary during this period. Shading in this scheme can improve the tea garden's microenvironment, particularly the light environment. Shading measures can reduce the impact of adverse environmental factors such as high light and high temperatures, thereby improving tea quality and yield. Shading also enhances the tea plant's frost resistance, especially during cold weather, providing insulation and frost protection. Furthermore, shading has a significant impact on tea quality. Shading also significantly increases the concentration of aroma compounds in tea, including linalool, nerol, and vanillyl alcohol. Furthermore, shading promotes the tea plant's absorption of underground nutrients, enhancing the tea's flavor and making it more tender and fresh. Ensuring adequate water supply is key to the survival rate of young tea trees after planting. Since the root system of tea trees is damaged after planting, their absorption of water is hindered. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the water coverage area to increase the young tea trees' contact with and absorption of water.

[0046] S6. Field management:

[0047] Pruning: Pruning in young tea gardens is mainly for shaping, removing dead ends and overlapping branches. Mature tea gardens should undergo light pruning once a year after the spring tea picking, and the ideal pruning is to remove 1 / 3 of the branches of the current year. Deep pruning is performed every 4 to 5 years. Except for diseased and insect-infested branches and thick stems, the pruned branches and leaves are removed from the tea garden, and the rest are left in the garden to fertilize the soil.

[0048] Fertilization: According to the nutritional needs of tea trees and the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, apply fertilizers reasonably, mainly nitrogen fertilizers and organic fertilizers.

[0049] Pest and disease control in tea gardens: "Prevention first, integrated management." Regularly remove weeds, maintain ventilation and light in the tea garden, and maintain well-maintained drainage ditches to prevent waterlogging. Carefully remove branches infested with pests and diseases during pruning. Prompt, staged, and frequent harvesting can all reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. When using pesticides, avoid the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides. Use biopesticides and low-toxic, low-residue pesticides instead. To ensure green and pollution-free tea leaves, actively promote the use of trapping and manual harvesting methods, and minimize the frequency of pesticide applications.

[0050] In order to verify the effect of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) application mode on the survival rate of young tea trees, the following experiment was set up:

[0051] (1) Effects of different rooting concentrations on the survival rate of young tea trees

[0052] The experiment was conducted in a primary field at the Guangxi Institute of South Asian Tropical Agricultural Sciences in Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi. Two tea varieties, large-leaf and small-leaf, were selected. Five treatments were set up for each variety. Different soils were prepared with NAA concentrations of 0 (CK), 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg / L. Ten plants were included in each treatment. All other field treatments were identical, except for the different rooting agent concentrations.

[0053] (2) Effect of early root watering on the survival rate of young tea trees

[0054] The experiment was conducted in the primary selection garden of Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute in Longzhou County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi. Two tea tree varieties, large-leaf and small-leaf, were set up. Each variety was set up with 4 treatments, which were watered with rooting water at a concentration of 25 mg / L at 30 days, 15 days, 7 days and 0 days in advance, and 100 mL per plant.

[0055] Here are the results:

[0056] (1) Effects of different rooting concentrations on the survival rate of young tea trees

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure (Note: different lowercase letters in the figure represent the same variety, and there are significant differences between different NAA concentrations (P<0.05)), considering the corn plant height and plant width, the common corn "Guidan 162" has the best shading effect.

[0058] (2) Effect of early root watering on the survival rate of young tea trees

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure (Note: different lowercase letters in the figure represent the same variety, and the differences between different days of advance rooting are significant (P<0.05)), the three intercropping treatments significantly increased the survival rate of young tea seedlings.

[0060] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as the specific structure and / or characteristics of the scheme are not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Preparation before planting: Choose flat land, gentle slope or mountainous land with a slope of ≤25° and cultivate it into terraced gardens with a width of 1.0m to 1.5m. If the slope of the mountain tea garden is greater than 25°, the planting should be carried out along the slope. S2. Applying naphthaleneacetic acid: Mix naphthaleneacetic acid with water to a concentration of 25 mg / L. Seven days before planting tea trees, select young tea seedlings that are 1 to 2 years old and apply 25 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid to the roots by watering them at a dosage of 100 mL / plant. S3. Planting tea seedlings: dig a tea pit with a depth of 20 cm, place the tea seedlings in the tea pit, fill the soil and compact it, then fill the soil again and compact it, and plant the tea seedlings with a distance of more than 2 cm from the soil surface; S4. Pruning: Prune the tea tree immediately after planting. The height of the tea tree should be 20 cm from the ground. Leave 3 to 4 leaves and reduce 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the leaves. S5. Shade and moisturize: After the tea seedlings are planted, water them enough to help them take root. If the field is dry after sowing, water them in time. The tea trees grow rapidly after they take root, so the field water holding capacity should be maintained at 60%. The weather is hot from June to October, so the field water holding capacity should be controlled at 70%. There is little precipitation in autumn and winter, and the soil is dry. At this time, the soil lacks moisture, so water should be applied in time.

2. A planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 also includes land preparation: deep plowing and sun drying in time, disinfecting the soil and fertilizing one week before sowing, applying sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, with an application rate of 1500kg / mu.

3. A planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 also includes applying naphthylacetic acid for the second time: on the day the tea trees are planted, naphthaleneacetic acid: water: yellow mud = 1:40000:40000 is mixed and stirred to prepare a slurry with a naphthaleneacetic acid concentration of 25 mg / L, and the roots of the young tea trees are fully exposed to the slurry and covered with the mud.

4. A planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the planting time is from January to March, and the young tea trees are planted in double rows, with a large row spacing of 150 cm, a small row spacing of 30 cm, and a plant spacing of 33 cm, with 4,000 plants planted per mu.

5. A planting method for improving the survival rate of young tea trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes pruning: light pruning is done once a year in mature tea gardens after the spring tea picking is completed, and the appropriate degree of pruning is to cut off 1 / 3 of the branches grown that year; deep pruning is done once every 4 to 5 years, and the pruned branches and leaves, except for diseased and insect-infested branches and leaves and thick trunks, are cleared out of the tea garden, and the rest are left in the tea garden to fertilize the soil.

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