Microbial ecological planting method for improving per unit area yield of wheat planting and six improvements

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and particularly relates to a wheat planting yield per unit increase six-improvement microbial ecological planting method which comprises the following steps: S1, land parcel preparation: spraying 2kg of corn straw organic material decomposition agent per mu, crushing corn straws by using a rotary cultivator, raking the crushed corn straws into soil, and after 10-15 days, decomposing and decaying the original corn straws in the land parcel into organic fertilizer; s2, seed dressing with a biological seed coating agent: uniformly stirring the biological seed coating agent (powder), purpureocillium lilacinum (liquid additive) and normal-temperature clear water according to a ratio of 1: 1: 5, and uniformly mixing with the screened improved wheat seeds; s3, wheat seeds are sown in wide rows and in wide width, wherein sowing is conducted according to the width of 8 cm and the row spacing of 25 cm; s4, time-sharing, time-sharing, time-sharing, time-sharing, time-sharing and time And S5, spraying a microbial agent on leaf surfaces. According to the planting method, the yield per unit area can be greatly increased in a large area, the yield per mu is increased by 15% or above, quality safety is guaranteed, meanwhile, soil is repaired and improved, and the capacity of producing healthy agricultural products is restored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wheat planting, and in particular relates to a six-modification microbial ecological planting method for improving wheat planting yield. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is the main grain crop in my country.

[0003] The long-term excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems, disrupting the healthy ecological cycle of crop growth and causing the frequent outbreak of new pests and diseases. Pesticide application on wheat has increased from 1-2 times a year to 3-5 times a year. In recent years, new diseases have emerged frequently, such as soil-borne diseases such as wheat stem rot, sheath blight, and root rot. Spraying fungicides on wheat stems and leaves is no longer effective in eradicating these diseases. The fundamental reason for the frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as stem rot, sheath blight, and root rot is soil problems: an imbalance in the soil microbiome, a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria.

[0004] Therefore, it is imperative to change the traditional planting model of excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and there is an urgent need to invent and promote the "six-change microbial ecological planting method" technology for wheat. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a six-modification microbial ecological planting method for improving wheat planting yield, which can significantly increase yield over a large area, increase per mu yield by more than 15%, ensure quality and safety, and at the same time repair and improve the soil, restoring the ability to produce healthy agricultural products.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A wheat planting yield-enhancing six-modification microbial ecological planting method, the method specifically comprising:

[0008] S1. Land preparation: Spray 2kg corn straw organic material composting agent per mu, and use a rotary tiller to crush the corn straw and rake it into the soil. After 10-15 days, the original corn straw in the plot will decompose and turn into organic fertilizer;

[0009] S2. Seed dressing with biological seed dressing agent: Mix the biological seed dressing agent (powder) + Purpurosporium lilacinum (liquid additive) + room temperature water in a ratio of 1:1:5, and mix well with the selected wheat seeds;

[0010] S3. Wide-row, wide-width sowing of wheat seeds: sow seeds with a width of 8 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm;

[0011] S4. Precise fertilization by time, times and quantity: When sowing, only about 50% of the total fertilizer amount is applied to wheat at the same time as the seeds and fertilizers. After the Spring Festival, wheat turns green (generally from late February to early March in Zaozhuang area), topdressing is applied when watering the greening water. The fertilizer amount accounts for 15-20% of the total fertilizer amount. Water-soluble 22% potassium humate (nitrogen 17 potassium 5, beneficial bacteria 500 million / g, containing mineral potassium humate) can be used. The dosage per mu is 8-15kg according to the growth of wheat. Nitrogen fertilizer is added for greening tillering and young spike differentiation to promote greening growth. From the jointing stage to the heading stage of wheat (late March to mid-April in Zaozhuang, it is determined according to the growth The specific time is earlier for relatively weak seedlings and later for vigorous and strong seedlings. It is the fastest growing period of wheat. Vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out simultaneously. It is also the period with the largest fertilizer demand. The demand for potassium fertilizer and medium and trace nutrients is relatively large. The amount of topdressing during this period should account for 30-35% of the total fertilizer amount. You can choose water-soluble fertilizers rich in microbial agents, high nitrogen and potassium, and medium and trace elements. Combined with watering, 8-12kg of 22% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 500 million fungicides, potassium humate, 2kg 15-5-30 high potassium fertilizer (chlorine-based) and 3kg chelated full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer (200 million fungicides, 15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) can be used per mu.

[0012] S5. Foliar spraying of microbial agents: Spray the microbial agent compound nutrient solution on the leaves during the greening period, jointing period, booting period and grain filling period of wheat respectively. The main ingredients are: 2 billion / g active bacteria, 24% active biological fermentation solution, 20% amino acid, 10% Chinese herbal medicine extract, 5% chitosan oligosaccharide, and 1% trace elements. The dosage is 200g per mu each time during the greening period and jointing period, and 300g per mu each time during the booting period and grain filling period.

[0013] Furthermore, the fertilizer applied in step S4 is a mixed fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer + microbial agent + medium and trace elements. On the basis of reducing the application of traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, soil conditioners containing "medium and trace elements" and soil remediation agents containing "microbial active agents" are added. The application amount of traditional compound fertilizer per mu of wheat is reduced by 30-40%, and replaced by equal amounts of soil remediation agents containing "microbial active agents" and soil conditioners containing "medium and trace elements".

[0014] Furthermore, the spraying method of the microbial agent in step S5 is: taking Zaozhuang area as an example, Zaozhuang area generally starts spraying in late February and early March, spraying once every 20 days, and spraying at time nodes such as early March, late March, mid-to-late April and early May, for a total of 4 spraying times. The dosage per mu for each of the first two times is 200 g, and the dosage per mu for each of the last two times is 300 g. It can be used alone or mixed with fungicides and insecticides for spraying.

[0015] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0016] 1. Soil remediation and soil fertility improvement

[0017] Beneficial bacteria and active substances help increase the colloidal structure of the soil, loosen and improve the soil, improve soil fertility, repair the soil, and balance the acid and alkalinity;

[0018] 2. Improve disease resistance and stress resistance

[0019] Balanced nutrition for wheat, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microbial agents, medium and trace elements, promotes healthy growth of wheat, enhances disease resistance of wheat plants, and improves the wheat's resistance to cold, drought, flooding and lodging.

[0020] 3. Biological green control to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products

[0021] The adoption of biological control methods, "using bacteria to inhibit bacteria and using bacteria to control insects," has significantly reduced the amount of pesticide applied, ensuring wheat quality and safety. Beneficial bacteria inhibit harmful bacteria, and their growth controls harmful bacteria through competition. This approach resists repeated cropping, prevents soil-borne diseases, root rot and plant death, and leaf diseases, and suppresses root-knot nematodes, reducing the incidence of pests and diseases by over 60%.

[0022] 4. Reduce seeding amount and increase yield

[0023] The application of the integrated "Six-Modification Microbial Ecological Planting Method" for wheat has reduced wheat sowing rates by 20-30%. In Zaozhuang, sowing rates before October 15th generally do not exceed 10kg per mu. This promotes root growth, resulting in more abundant and vigorous roots, wider and larger leaves, and higher photosynthesis efficiency, generally increasing yields by more than 15%. It also provides comprehensive and balanced soil nutrition, improves wheat quality, and generally increases protein by 2-3%.

[0024] 5. Improve the rhizosphere microenvironment and increase fertility

[0025] It helps to form soil aggregate structure, improve the rhizosphere growth microenvironment, dissolve phosphorus, potassium and fix nitrogen, increase fertilizer utilization rate, and thus improve soil fertility. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the following text is only used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the present invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example:

[0028] The "six improvements" microbial ecological cultivation method for wheat includes:

[0029] 1. Change the “base fertilizer for life” to “reduce base fertilizer and increase topdressing” for precise topdressing.

[0030] Change the "one-time fertilization for life" to multiple, appropriate and precise topdressing according to the fertilizer requirements of wheat growth, reduce the amount of base fertilizer, and increase the number of topdressing according to the fertilizer requirements of wheat growth. Specifically: when sowing, only about 50% of the total fertilizer amount is applied to wheat at the same time as the seed fertilizer. After the Spring Festival, wheat turns green (generally from late February to early March in Zaozhuang area), topdress when watering the greening water, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 15-20% of the total fertilizer amount. Water-soluble 22% potassium humate (17 nitrogen and 5 potassium, 500 million beneficial bacteria / g, containing mineral potassium humate) can be used. The dosage per mu is 8-15kg according to the growth of wheat. Nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented for greening tillering and young spike differentiation to promote greening growth. The contained bacterial agent has the effect of activating loose soil, increasing air permeability, and promoting soil fertilizer absorption. Potassium humate helps promote wheat root growth and improve wheat cold resistance. (or resistance to late spring frost) drought resistance and other stress resistance traits, as well as the promotion of early spike bud differentiation; from the jointing stage to the heading stage of wheat (late March to mid-April in Zaozhuang, the specific time is determined according to the growth, earlier for relatively weak seedlings, and later for vigorous and strong seedlings) is the fastest growth period of wheat, vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out simultaneously, and it is also the period with the largest fertilizer demand, and the demand for potassium fertilizer and medium and trace nutrients is relatively large. The amount of topdressing during this period should account for 30-35% of the total fertilizer amount. You can choose water-soluble fertilizers rich in microbial agents, high nitrogen and high potassium, and medium and trace elements. Combined with watering, 8-12kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 22%, 500 million fungicides, potassium humate + 2kg15-5-30 high potassium fertilizer (chlorine-based) + 3kg chelated full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer (200 million fungicides, 15% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, containing 10 kinds of medium and trace elements) can be used per mu.

[0031] 2. Change from chemical pesticide seed dressing to biological seed dressing

[0032] Use wheat biological seed dressing agent to mix seeds instead of chemical pesticides to promote uniform and strong seedlings. Mix 1kg biological seed dressing agent (powder) + 1kg purpurogenous fungus (liquid additive) + 5kg room temperature water and mix evenly. It can be used to mix 500kg of wheat seeds.

[0033] Benefits of using biological seed coating agents: Biological coating can replace chemical coatings, saving costs and increasing efficiency, saving two-thirds of funds. It is environmentally friendly, green, non-toxic, and residue-free. First, it effectively prevents soil-borne diseases and insect pests. Beneficial bacteria can effectively inhibit soil-borne diseases such as sheath blight, stem rot, and root rot caused by soil-borne pathogens, and control the reproduction of underground pests such as wireworms and white grubs. Second, it can effectively activate seed endosperm cells to provide essential nutrients for seed germination, effectively improving seed germination rate, promoting uniform germination, early emergence of seedlings 1-2 days, and ensuring full and uniform seedlings. Third, it can reduce seeding rates by 20-30%. Due to the stimulation of active bacteria, the germination is uniform, the germination rate is increased to more than 99%, the wheat's own tillering ability is enhanced, and the average number of tillers is increased by 2-3, which correspondingly reduces the sowing amount by 20-30%; fourthly, it loosens the soil, improves the soil aggregate structure, increases air permeability, helps promote root growth, rooting, root protection, and enhances the ability to resist lodging, drought and waterlogging; fifthly, it activates the soil to fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphorus and potassium, and activates trace elements, turning them into effective complete nutrition, making the seedlings strong and vigorous.

[0034] 3. The third reform of wheat dense planting sowing to wide row and wide width sowing

[0035] In order to increase the ventilation and light transmission of wheat and improve its disease resistance, the traditional "one line" dense planting sowing is changed to wide row sowing. Specifically, the wheat sowing width is changed from 4cm to 8cm, and the row spacing is changed from 12cm to 25cm wide row spacing. In this way, the photosynthetic efficiency of the overall wheat leaf surface is improved, the tillering ability of wheat is enhanced, the ventilation and light transmission are increased, the wheat plants are promoted to be strong, the lodging resistance is improved, and the soil moisture caused by watering or rain in the middle and late stages is effectively reduced to prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests. At the same time, the amount of wheat seedlings per unit area and the number of ears per mu are increased, the number of grains per ear is increased, and the large ear rate is improved, thereby increasing yield.

[0036] 4. The four-change fertilization only uses nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as "nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer + microbial agent + trace elements"

[0037] The usual practice of applying base fertilizer to wheat is to use wheat-specific compound fertilizer containing only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. We have changed it to follow the physiological characteristics of wheat growth. On the basis of reducing the application of traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers, we increase the application of soil conditioners containing "microbial active bacteria" and soil remediation agents containing "microbial active bacteria agents". The application amount of traditional compound fertilizer per mu of wheat is reduced by 30-40%, and replaced with equal amounts of soil remediation agents containing "microbial active bacteria agents" and soil conditioners containing "microbial active bacteria agents".

[0038] The benefits of balanced fertilization with a combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers, microbial agents, and trace elements include: first, preventing premature aging, nourishing and protecting roots, increasing root growth, and strengthening roots, preventing root rot and plant death; second, improving and revitalizing the soil, purifying the soil environment, and resisting salinization and acidification; third, replenishing the trace elements that wheat lacks, promoting tillering, developing resistance to cold and heat, drought and flooding, and lodging, and increasing yield; and fourth, dissolving phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen, improving fertilizer utilization. This improves wheat quality, resulting in fuller grains and longer storage life, and thus increasing the value of the agricultural product.

[0039] 5. Five changes to mechanical straw crushing and returning to the field: "mechanical straw crushing + rapid conversion of mature bacteria into fertilizer"

[0040] In order to accelerate the decomposition and conversion of straw into fertilizer, 2kg of corn straw organic material composting agent is sprayed per mu. Generally, the straw will decompose and convert into organic fertilizer in 10-15 days. In order to save labor, the composting agent does not need to be sprayed separately. A spray device can be placed in front of the rotary harrow during rotary tillage and deep plowing. After spraying the agent, rotary tillage is followed. In this way, the corn straw is rotary tilled into the soil, and the composting agent and straw are fully mixed to accelerate the decomposition and conversion into fertilizer.

[0041] The benefits of using corn straw composting agents to assist in straw composting are: first, it can promote the rapid composting of crop straw and kill pathogens, parasite eggs, weed seeds, etc.; second, the decomposition bacteria contained in it can quickly decompose corn straw into fertilizer, promote soil oxidation and absorption, and improve fertilizer utilization; third, it can greatly reduce the loose gaps between corn straw and soil, accelerate the rapid decomposition of corn straw, enhance the compactness of straw and soil, and reduce loose gaps, which can reduce the sowing amount by 20% and promote the growth of full and strong wheat seedlings.

[0042] 6. Six changes: "Plant growth regulator + amino acid + potassium dihydrogen phosphate traditional foliar fertilizer" to microbial agent compound nutrient solution foliar spraying

[0043] During the wheat greening, jointing, booting, and grain filling stages, foliar spraying of a microbial agent compound nutrient solution is performed. This compound nutrient solution mainly contains 2 billion / g active microbial agents, 24% active biological fermentation stock solution, 20% amino acids, 10% Chinese herbal medicine extract, 5% chitosan oligosaccharides, and 1% trace elements. It is a foliar fertilizer containing active microbial agents and compound complete nutrients, without chemical pesticide ingredients, and does not pollute the environment. It can completely replace foliar fertilizers such as plant growth regulators, amino acid solutions, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. In Zaozhuang, spraying generally begins in late February and early March, and is applied every 20 days, in early March, late March, late April, and early May, for a total of four sprayings. It can be used alone or added to each spraying. The first two applications are at a dosage of 200g per mu, and the last two applications are at a dosage of 300g per mu.

[0044] The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained herein shall, unless otherwise specified or limited, be implemented in accordance with conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A wheat planting yield-enhancing six-modification microbial ecological planting method, characterized by: The method specifically includes: S1. Land preparation: spray 2kg corn straw organic material composting agent per mu, and use a rotary tiller to crush the corn straw and rake it into the soil. After 10-15 days, the original corn straw in the plot will decompose and turn into organic fertilizer; S2. Biological seed dressing agent seed dressing: use biological seed dressing agent (powder) + purple purpurogenous fungus (liquid additive) + room temperature water in a ratio of 1:1:5, mix evenly, and mix and mix with the screened wheat varieties; S3. Wide row and wide width sowing wheat seeds: sow at a width of 8 cm and a row spacing of 25 cm; S4. Time-based, multiple-time, and quantity-based precise fertilization: when sowing, only 50% of the amount of fertilizer for wheat during the entire growth period is applied at the same time as seed and fertilizer. After the Spring Festival, when wheat turns green (generally from late February to early March in Zaozhuang area), topdressing is applied when watering the green water. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 15-20% of the total amount of fertilizer. Water-soluble 22% potassium humate (nitrogen 17 potassium 5, beneficial 500 million bacteria / g, containing mineral-source potassium humate), 8-15kg per mu depending on the growth of wheat, supplement nitrogen fertilizer for greening, tillering and young spike differentiation, and promote greening growth. From the jointing stage to the heading stage of wheat (late March to mid-April in Zaozhuang, the specific time is determined according to the growth, earlier for relatively weak seedlings, and later for vigorous and strong seedlings) is the fastest growing period of wheat. Vegetative growth and reproductive growth proceed simultaneously, and it is also the period with the largest fertilizer demand, with a large demand for potassium fertilizer and medium and trace nutrients. The amount of topdressing during this period should account for 30-35% of the total fertilizer amount. You can choose water-soluble fertilizers rich in microbial agents, high nitrogen, high potassium, and medium and trace elements. Combined with watering, 8-12kg of 22% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, 500 million bacteria agent potassium humate + 2kg15-5-30 high potassium fertilizer (chlorine-based) + 3kg chelated full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer (200 million bacteria, 15% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, containing 10 kinds of medium and trace elements) can be used per mu. S5. Foliar spraying of microbial agents: Spray the microbial agent compound nutrient solution on the leaves during the wheat greening period, jointing period, heading period and grain filling period respectively. The compound nutrient solution mainly contains 2 billion / g active bacteria, 24% active biological fermentation solution, 20% amino acid, 10% Chinese herbal medicine extract, 5% chitosan oligosaccharide and 1% trace elements.

2. The wheat planting yield-enhancing six-modification microbial ecological planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer applied in step S4 is a mixed fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer + microbial agent + medium and trace elements. On the basis of reducing the application of traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, soil conditioner containing "medium and trace elements" and soil remediation agent containing "microbial active agent" are added. The application amount of traditional compound fertilizer per mu of wheat is reduced by 30-40%, and is replaced by equal amounts of soil remediation agent containing "microbial active agent" and soil conditioner containing "microbial active agent".

3. The wheat planting yield-enhancing six-modification microbial ecological planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying method of the microbial agent in step S5 is as follows: taking Zaozhuang area as an example, the spraying in Zaozhuang area generally starts in late February and early March, and is sprayed once every 20 days, and is sprayed at time nodes such as early March, late March, mid-to-late April and early May, for a total of 4 spraying times. The dosage per mu is 200 g each time for the first two times, and 300 g per mu each time for the last two times. It can be used alone or mixed with fungicides and insecticides for spraying.