Anion exchange membrane electrolyzed water self-supporting electrode with tip structure as well as preparation method and application of anion exchange membrane electrolyzed water self-supporting electrode

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of catalytic materials, and particularly relates to an anion-exchange membrane electrolyzed water self-supporting electrode with a tip structure and a preparation method and application of the anion-exchange membrane electrolyzed water self-supporting electrode. Two or three of soluble ferric salt, soluble cobalt salt and soluble nickel salt and a nickel-containing metal porous material are used as raw materials, and the anion exchange membrane electrolyzed water self-supporting electrode with a tip structure is prepared by adopting a hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal method enables the precursor solution to permeate into each part of the nickel-containing metal porous material, so that uniform deposition is realized, and the growth uniformity of the catalytic active component is remarkably improved. Besides, the anion exchange membrane electrolyzed water self-supporting electrode with a special morphology and a tip structure is obtained by regulating and controlling hydrothermal conditions, the anion exchange membrane electrolyzed water self-supporting electrode is composed of a porous carrier and a catalytic active component, the catalytic active component grows on the porous carrier, and the active component is a nanosheet cluster with the tip structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of catalytic materials, and in particular relates to a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the production of green hydrogen, anion exchange membrane electrolysis (AEM) technology combines the low cost of alkaline water electrolysis (ALK) with the high dynamic response of proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEM). The use of non-precious metal catalysts reduces costs while avoiding the risk of severe corrosion, making it a promising option for future large-scale renewable energy hydrogen production. The catalytic activity of AEM electrodes, particularly the anodic oxygen evolution electrode, is crucial for reducing overpotential and improving electrolysis efficiency. Developing efficient, stable, and cost-effective AEM electrodes is a key challenge for achieving their large-scale application.

[0003] The primary method for preparing AEM self-supporting electrodes is electrodeposition, but this method has significant disadvantages in preparing larger electrodes. Furthermore, during the electrodeposition process, the numerous pores and channels within the porous metal disrupt the electron conduction path, leading to a discontinuous conductive network. This can easily lead to uneven current density distribution, resulting in inconsistent thickness of the deposited catalytically active layer and compromising the overall performance of the electrode. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane electrolysis of water with a cutting-edge structure, and a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention uses two or three of a soluble iron salt, a soluble cobalt salt, a soluble nickel salt and a nickel-containing metal porous material as raw materials, and adopts a hydrothermal method to prepare a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane electrolysis of water with a cutting-edge structure. The hydrothermal method enables the precursor solution to penetrate into all parts of the nickel-containing metal porous material, thereby achieving uniform deposition and significantly improving the growth uniformity of the catalytically active components. In addition, by regulating the hydrothermal conditions of the present invention, a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane electrolysis of water with a cutting-edge structure having a special morphology is obtained, which consists of a porous support and a catalytically active component, the catalytically active component grows on the porous support, and the active component is a nanosheet cluster with a cutting-edge structure. The self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane electrolysis of water with a cutting-edge structure can be used as an anion exchange membrane to realize the oxygen evolution reaction of water electrolysis.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis having a tip structure, comprising the following steps: Two or three of a soluble iron salt, a soluble cobalt salt and a soluble nickel salt are mixed in water to obtain a precursor solution.

[0006] The nickel-containing porous material is used as a carrier, and the carrier is immersed in the precursor solution and subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 50℃~150℃ for 1h~7 days. Two or three elements in iron, cobalt and nickel react with OH in water. - The hydrotalcite-like structure is formed by combining layered double hydroxides, which are nanosheet clusters with a cusp structure. These clusters are then grown in situ on a support, resulting in a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cusp structure. Experimental results indicate that hydrothermal temperatures and times outside the present invention's range do not result in nanosheet clusters with a cusp structure.

[0007] Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction conditions are: hydrothermal reaction at 50°C to 80°C for 5 to 7 days. Under this condition, the tip structure morphology is better.

[0008] Preferably, when soluble iron salt and soluble cobalt salt are used as raw materials, the iron-cobalt ratio is 1~2:3~5; when soluble iron salt and soluble nickel salt are used as raw materials, the iron-nickel ratio is 0.5~2:5~30; when soluble cobalt salt and soluble nickel salt are used as raw materials, the cobalt-nickel ratio is 2~5:10~20; when soluble iron salt, soluble cobalt salt and soluble nickel salt are used as raw materials, the iron-cobalt-nickel ratio is 0.5~2:2~5:5~40.

[0009] Preferably, the nickel-containing porous metal material has a porosity of 30% to 90% and an air permeability of 0.1 cm 3 / (cm 2 ·s·kPa)~10cm 3 / (cm 2 ·s·kPa), thickness is 0.1mm~2mm. The reasons for limiting porosity, permeability and thickness are to facilitate the stacking performance of the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure and avoid affecting mass transfer after assembly; the specific surface area is 0.01m 2 / g~20m 2 / g, the larger the specific surface area, the higher the loading amount of catalytic active components, and the improved catalytic performance.

[0010] Preferably, the nickel-containing porous metal material is selected from pure nickel or a nickel-containing alloy, and the nickel content in the nickel-containing porous metal material is greater than 90% by mass. Studies have shown that other metal active supports (such as stainless steel foam, copper foam, and titanium foam) cannot grow metal ions from the precursor solution using the method of the present invention. The reason for the in-situ growth of catalytically active components on the nickel-containing porous metal material is that the high-valent metal ions in the precursor solution undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction with the nickel on the support, generating low-valent metal and ionic nickel. The ionic nickel participates in the active layered double hydroxide structure formed by nickel, cobalt, and / or iron ions, thereby achieving in-situ growth. Titanium, stainless steel, or copper have low activity and are unable to provide and transfer electrons to the metal ions in the precursor solution, thus preventing the in-situ growth of catalytically active components. Furthermore, in the alkaline environment of the water electrolysis oxygen evolution reaction, only nickel has good alkaline resistance, while other metals are easily corroded.

[0011] Preferably, the nickel-containing porous metal material is selected from one or more combinations of foam metal, metal fiber felt, metal fiber cloth, metal powder sintered felt, and metal porous plate.

[0012] Preferably, the soluble metal salt is selected from iron salts, cobalt salts, and nickel salts. The iron salt is selected from ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, ferric nitrate, ferrous nitrate, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric dihydrogen phosphate, and ferric perchlorate; the cobalt salt is selected from cobalt chloride, cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt fluoride, and cobalt bromide; and the nickel salt is selected from nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, and nickel sulfite. Iron, cobalt, and nickel compounds have good activity in catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.

[0013] Preferably, the concentrations of soluble iron salt, soluble cobalt salt, and soluble nickel salt in the precursor solution are all ≤1 mol / L. Using the method of the present invention, a catalytically active layer composed of catalytically active components can be obtained from a low-concentration precursor solution, while a high concentration results in a waste of raw materials.

[0014] Preferably, a vacuum drying operation is performed after the hydrothermal reaction, and the drying conditions are: drying at room temperature to 100° C. for 30 minutes to 12 hours.

[0015] The present invention also protects a self-supporting electrode for electrolyzing water using an anion exchange membrane with a tip structure, which is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0016] Preferably, the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis self-supporting electrode with a tip structure is composed of a porous support and a catalytic active component, the catalytic active component is in situ grown on the porous support, and the catalytic active component is a nanosheet cluster with a tip structure. The formation principle of the nanosheet of the present invention is: two or three elements of iron, cobalt and nickel react with OH in water. -Combined to form a hydrotalcite-like structure, the hydrotalcite-like structure is a layered double hydroxide, abbreviated as LDH. This LDH structure is flaky, with iron, cobalt, nickel and OH in a single sheet. - What is formed are compounds, such as NiFe-LDH, NiCo-LDH, rather than individual iron, cobalt or nickel nanoparticles or nanosheets.

[0017] The present invention also protects the use of the above-mentioned anion exchange membrane water electrolysis self-supporting electrode with a tip structure in the preparation of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis oxygen evolution reaction catalyst.

[0018] Preferably, the conditions for the oxygen evolution reaction by electrolysis of water using an anion exchange membrane are an alkaline environment.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention uses soluble iron salt, soluble cobalt salt, and soluble nickel salt as raw materials, which are mixed in water to obtain a precursor solution. A nickel-containing porous metal material is then immersed in the precursor solution and subjected to a hydrothermal method at 50°C to 150°C to produce a self-supporting anion exchange membrane water electrolysis electrode with a cutting-edge structure. The hydrothermal method is used because the precursor solution can penetrate all parts of the nickel-containing porous metal material during the hydrothermal process, thereby achieving uniform deposition. Furthermore, the hydrothermal method utilizes liquid-phase preparation technology, which can significantly improve the uniformity of the growth of catalytically active components, making it suitable for the preparation of large-scale self-supporting anion exchange membrane water electrolysis electrodes with a cutting-edge structure.

[0020] In addition, the present invention realizes the preparation of layered double hydroxides through the ionic redox reaction of iron ions, cobalt ions and nickel ions themselves, and obtains a special morphology with a tip structure, which is a double hydroxide formed by two or three elements of iron, cobalt and nickel; the tip structure of the catalytic active component enhances the electron transmission ability, and the advantages of the nanosheet are large specific surface area, many active sites, good activity, and significantly reduced reaction overpotential; in addition, the present invention uses a nickel-containing metal porous material with suitable porosity, permeability and thickness as a carrier. This carrier not only provides a larger specific surface area for the growth of the catalytic active component, thereby increasing the number of active sites, but also promotes the diffusion of electrolyte and gas, reduces mass transfer restrictions, ensures the smooth transmission of reactants and products, and still has high catalytic activity under high current density.

[0021] 2. In the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure of the present invention, the catalytically active components are evenly and firmly covered on the carrier surface and will not fall off even after ultrasonic treatment, thus having excellent mechanical stability. Furthermore, the present invention is applicable to the growth of catalytic layers on the surfaces of various forms of nickel-containing porous metal materials. In particular, when a composite felt of powder sintered felt and metal fiber felt is used as a carrier, the gradient pore structure of the composite felt (a combination of small and large pores) can better adapt to the dynamic changes of gas and liquid during water electrolysis, thereby improving the stability and service life of the electrolyzer. The synergistic effect of small and large pores can optimize the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency. The small pores provide more reactive sites and capillary channels, while the large pores ensure rapid gas discharge and uniform distribution of the electrolyte. This structural design effectively reduces mass transfer resistance and improves the overall performance of water electrolysis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 These are SEM images of the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure in Example 1 of the present invention at different magnifications.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a polarization curve diagram of the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis self-supporting electrode with a tip structure in a three-electrode system according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a polarization curve diagram of the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis self-supporting electrode with a tip structure assembled into an electrolytic cell using Example 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 These are SEM images of the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis in comparative example 1 of the present invention at different magnifications.

[0026] Figure 5 These are SEM images of the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis in comparative example 2 of the present invention at different magnifications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0028] Taking into account the shortcomings of the prior art electrodeposition method, the present invention provides a new method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure by a hydrothermal method. Compared with the prior art, on the one hand, the preparation method of the present invention achieves the preparation of the electrocatalyst through the self-ion redox reaction without the need for a structure-directing agent (such as NH4F) or an alkaline environment (such as urea), effectively reducing the production cost and overcoming the technical defects of the prior art electrodeposition method. On the other hand, the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has a cutting-edge structure, and the cutting-edge structure is a double hydroxide formed by two or three elements of iron, cobalt and nickel, which enhances the electron transmission ability, and has a large specific surface area, many active sites, good activity, and significantly reduces the reaction overpotential, with outstanding advantages.

[0029] The following examples and comparative examples are used to further study the technical solution of the present invention. The specific research methods and results are as follows: Example 1 A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure comprises the following steps: 10g of ferric chloride, 10g of cobalt chloride and 50g of nickel chloride were dissolved in 3L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; nickel fiber felt with a thickness of 0.5mm and a porosity of 50% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm, and then placed in the precursor solution. After hydrothermal reaction at 100℃ for 24h, it was fished out, placed in clean water for ultrasonic cleaning 3 times, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure.

[0030] Example 2 A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure comprises the following steps: 10g of ferric nitrate, 10g of cobalt nitrate and 50g of nickel nitrate were dissolved in 3L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; a nickel fiber felt with a thickness of 0.5mm and a porosity of 50% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm, and then placed in the precursor solution. After hydrothermal reaction at 100℃ for 24h, it was fished out, placed in clean water for ultrasonic cleaning 3 times, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure.

[0031] Example 3 A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure comprises the following steps: 10g of ferric chloride, 10g of cobalt chloride and 50g of nickel chloride were dissolved in 5L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; a nickel fiber felt with a thickness of 0.2mm and a porosity of 70% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm, and then placed in the precursor solution. After hydrothermal reaction at 100℃ for 24h, it was fished out, placed in clean water for ultrasonic cleaning 3 times, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure.

[0032] Example 4 A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure comprises the following steps: 10g of ferric chloride, 10g of cobalt chloride and 50g of nickel chloride were dissolved in 5L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; a nickel foam with a thickness of 0.2mm and a porosity of 80% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm, and then placed in the precursor solution. After hydrothermal reaction at 100℃ for 24h, the carrier was fished out, placed in clean water for ultrasonic cleaning 3 times, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure.

[0033] Example 5 A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure comprises the following steps: 10g of ferric chloride, 10g of cobalt chloride, and 50g of nickel chloride were dissolved in 5L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution. A composite of sintered nickel powder felt and nickel fiber felt with a thickness of 0.2mm and a porosity of 50% was used as a carrier. This was cut into 50cm x 70cm dimensions. The carrier was then placed in the precursor solution and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 200°C for 12h. After removal, the carrier was ultrasonically cleaned three times in clean water and vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure. The composite of sintered nickel powder felt and nickel fiber felt with a porosity of 50% was purchased from Western Metal Materials Co., Ltd.

[0034] Example 6 A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure comprises the following steps: 10g of ferric chloride and 20g of cobalt chloride were dissolved in 5L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; a nickel foam with a thickness of 0.1mm and a porosity of 30% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm. The carrier was then placed in the precursor solution, subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 50°C for 7 days, removed from the carrier, ultrasonically cleaned 3 times in clean water, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure.

[0035] Example 7 A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure comprises the following steps: 10g of cobalt chloride and 80g of nickel chloride were dissolved in 5L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; a nickel foam with a thickness of 2mm and a porosity of 90% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm. The carrier was then placed in the precursor solution, subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 150°C for 1h, then removed, placed in clean water for ultrasonic cleaning 3 times, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure.

[0036] Example 8 A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure comprises the following steps: 10g of ferric chloride and 80g of nickel chloride were dissolved in 5L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; a nickel foam with a thickness of 2mm and a porosity of 90% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm, and then placed in the precursor solution. After hydrothermal reaction at 80°C for 5 days, the carrier was fished out, ultrasonically cleaned in clean water 3 times, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure.

[0037] Comparative Example 1 The preparation method of the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is the same as the preparation steps of Example 1, except that the hydrothermal reaction temperature and time are replaced with 40° C. and 7 days, and includes the following steps: 10g of ferric chloride, 10g of cobalt chloride and 50g of nickel chloride were dissolved in 3L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; nickel fiber felt with a thickness of 0.5mm and a porosity of 50% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm, and then placed in the precursor solution. After hydrothermal reaction at 40°C for 7 days, the carrier was fished out, placed in clean water for ultrasonic cleaning 3 times, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.

[0038] Comparative Example 2 The preparation method of the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is the same as the preparation steps of Example 1, except that the hydrothermal reaction temperature and time are replaced with 170° C. and 1 h, and includes the following steps: 10g of ferric chloride, 10g of cobalt chloride and 50g of nickel chloride were dissolved in 3L of water and stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a precursor solution; nickel fiber felt with a thickness of 0.5mm and a porosity of 50% was used as a carrier, which was cut into a size of 20cm×30cm, and then placed in the precursor solution. After hydrothermal reaction at 170℃ for 1h, it was fished out, placed in clean water for ultrasonic cleaning 3 times, and then vacuum dried to obtain a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.

[0039] Examples 1 to 8 of the present invention all prepared self-supporting electrodes for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a sharp structure having high catalytic activity. The following study was conducted using the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a sharp structure of Example 1 as an example, and compared with the self-supporting electrodes for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The specific research methods and results are shown below: The SEM electron micrograph of the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis self-supporting electrode with a tip structure was obtained using a HITACHISU5000 scanning electron microscope. Figure 1 It can be seen that a catalytic layer with a tip structure grows uniformly on the surface of the nickel fiber felt.

[0040] Electrochemical performance testing: The polarization curve test method of the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure in a three-electrode system is as follows: the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure in Example 1 is used as the working electrode, the Pt sheet electrode is used as the counter electrode, and the mercury oxide electrode is used as the reference electrode. One end of the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode are immersed in a 1 mol / L KOH solution, and the other ends are electrically connected to the electrochemical workstation, and the test is performed at room temperature. Figure 2 The results show that at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 When the overpotential is 150mV, the current density is 100mA / cm 2 When the overpotential is 350mV, the overpotential is 350mV. The overpotential refers to the difference between the actual electrode potential and the theoretical electrode potential when the electrode reaction reaches a certain current density. When the overpotential of the AEM electrode is low, it indicates that the driving force of the electrode reaction is small and the reaction can proceed more easily. In an anion exchange membrane fuel cell, if the overpotential of the OH⁻ reduction reaction on the AEM electrode is low, it means that the electrode material has a strong catalytic ability for the hydroxide ion reduction reaction, and OH⁻ is more likely to obtain electrons for the reduction reaction.

[0041] Polarization curve test of the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a pointed structure in an electrolyzer: The self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a pointed structure in Example 1 was used as the anode, and a commercial 40% Pt / C-carbon paper electrode was used as the cathode (effective area of 2 cm×2 cm). One end of the anode and cathode were immersed in a 1 mol / L KOH solution, and the test was carried out at a KOH solution flow rate of 100 mL / min and 60°C. Figure 3 The results show that when the cell voltage is 1.8V, the current density is 1A / cm 2 At a given current density, if the cell voltage is low, it means that the electrode reaction is more active, that is, the electrode reaction can proceed more easily and requires a smaller potential difference; Figure 3 The results show that the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure has good catalytic performance and can effectively reduce the reaction activation energy, so that the required current density can be achieved at a lower voltage.

[0042] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The results show that the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis self-supporting electrodes of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 do not have a tip structure.

[0043] The above descriptions are merely a few embodiments of the present application and do not constitute any form of limitation to the present application. Although the present application discloses the preferred embodiments as above, they are not intended to limit the present application. Any technical personnel familiar with the present profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, using the technical content disclosed above to make slight changes or modifications are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure, characterized in that: The steps include: Mixing two or three of a soluble iron salt, a soluble cobalt salt, and a soluble nickel salt in water to obtain a precursor solution; The nickel-containing porous material is used as a carrier, and the carrier is immersed in the precursor solution and subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 50℃~150℃ for 1h~7 days. Two or three elements in iron, cobalt and nickel react with OH in water. - The hydrotalcite-like structure is formed by combining and undergoing redox reaction with the carrier, so that the hydrotalcite-like structure grows in situ on the carrier, thereby obtaining a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a cutting-edge structure.

2. The method for preparing the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure according to claim 1, wherein: The conditions of the hydrothermal reaction are: hydrothermal reaction at 50°C to 80°C for 5 to 7 days.

3. The method for preparing the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure according to claim 1, wherein: When soluble iron salt and soluble cobalt salt are used as raw materials, the iron-cobalt ratio is 1~2:3~5; when soluble iron salt and soluble nickel salt are used as raw materials, the iron-nickel ratio is 0.5~2:5~30; when soluble cobalt salt and soluble nickel salt are used as raw materials, the cobalt-nickel ratio is 2~5:10~20; when soluble iron salt, soluble cobalt salt and soluble nickel salt are used as raw materials, the iron-cobalt-nickel ratio is 0.5~2:2~5:5~40.

4. The method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure according to claim 1, wherein: The porosity of nickel-containing metal porous materials is 30%~90%, and the air permeability is 0.1cm 3 / (cm 2 ·s·kPa)~10cm 3 / (cm 2 ·s·kPa), thickness is 0.1mm~2mm, specific surface area is 0.01m 2 / g~20m 2 / g.

5. The method for preparing the self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nickel-containing porous metal material is selected from pure nickel or a nickel-containing alloy. In the nickel-containing porous metal material, the mass percentage of nickel is greater than 90%.

6. The method for preparing a self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the precursor solution, the concentrations of the soluble iron salt, the soluble cobalt salt, and the soluble nickel salt are all ≤1 mol / L.

7. A self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis having a tip structure, characterized in that: Prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The self-supporting electrode for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis with a tip structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The anion exchange membrane water electrolysis self-supporting electrode with a cutting-edge structure is composed of a porous carrier and a catalytically active component. The catalytically active component grows on the porous carrier, and the catalytically active component is a nanosheet cluster with a cutting-edge structure.

9. Use of the anion exchange membrane water electrolysis self-supporting electrode with a tip structure according to claim 7 in preparing an anion exchange membrane water electrolysis oxygen evolution reaction catalyst.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that The condition for the oxygen evolution reaction of water electrolysis by anion exchange membrane is an alkaline environment.

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