Ecological restoration system and method for vegetation in southwest karst region

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation ecological restoration in karst regions, in particular to a vegetation ecological restoration system and method in southwest karst regions, and the system comprises a soil fixation assembly, a soil dressing layer, a moisturizing device, a seedling protection device and seedlings; the soil fixing assembly comprises a soil fixing net, a soil retaining rope and a plurality of soil fixing columns distributed on the soil fixing net; the soil fixing net is paved on the rock surface of the stone buds; the soil retaining rope is wound around a plurality of soil fixing columns around a target position by taking the target position of the rock surface of the stone bud as a center to form a soil retaining ring surrounding the target position; the soil dressing layer is paved on the rock surface and covers the soil fixing net; the seedling protection device comprises two seedling protection supporting frames and a flexible bearing piece tied between the two seedling protection supporting frames. And the flexible supporting piece is used for supporting the seedlings. The soil retaining ring can effectively block and slow down loss of soil in the ring, and the problem of loss of soil on the lithiasis is solved. The seedling protecting device has a good supporting effect on the seedlings, and the seedlings are prevented from toppling over.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of vegetation ecological restoration in karst areas, and in particular relates to a system and method for vegetation ecological restoration in southwestern karst areas. Background Art

[0002] Karst areas are primarily concentrated in southwestern my country. The carbonate bedrock in these karst areas is highly susceptible to soil erosion. The concentrated and intense rainfall in these areas also creates conditions for soil erosion. Severe soil erosion has led to severe degradation of arable land, widespread exposure of bedrock, and desertification. Surface water in karst areas flows along the limestone slopes, dissolving and eroding numerous grooves known as gullies. The protrusions between the gullies are called spurs. The soil layer in karst areas is thin, with most soil concentrating within the gullies, with a smaller amount distributed within the depressions in the rock surface known as spurs.

[0003] At present, the commonly used soil loss control technologies in karst areas include plant measures and engineering measures. Plant measures include the implementation of soil and water conservation forests on slopes, ridge plant hedges, etc. Engineering measures include using small pieces of stone mortar to build small intercepting ditches at the junction of exposed bedrock and soil to intercept rock surface runoff, block water flow channels at the rock-soil contact surface, and control soil loss. However, the above-mentioned existing control measures are actually only applicable to the soil loss control of gullies in karst areas, and there are no better measures for the problem of soil loss on stone buds. Soil spraying is a common method of vegetation ecological restoration, and the construction steps mainly include laying nets, spraying soil, spraying plant seeds, covering and maintenance, etc. In the net laying step, it is necessary to first fix the anchor nails on the stone wall at a certain interval, and then lay the geonet (usually wire mesh) on the slope or stone surface. Before spraying the imported soil, the slope surface should be moistened with water. A mixture of peat, humus, grass fiber, and slow-release nutrient fertilizers should be stirred and sprayed onto the geonet to a thickness of 2-8 cm. The mesh allows the imported soil matrix to form a durable, integrated plate on the rock surface. However, this method is only suitable for large slopes or rock surfaces. For rock buds in karst areas, due to the large number of scattered rock buds and the karst gullies between them, it is difficult for the sprayed soil to form a durable, integrated plate. Furthermore, the uneven spraying thickness makes it easy for the imported soil on the rock buds to crack and flow away, resulting in low germination rates for seeds sprayed on the rock buds, low survival rates for seedlings, and unsatisfactory restoration results. Some ecological restoration methods combine soil covering with seedling planting: a new layer of soil is placed at an appropriate location on the rock surface, and then seedlings are planted in holes dug in the soil. Compared with the soil spraying method, this method is simple to construct, but due to the lack of soil-fixing measures in the new soil layer and the lack of support for the seedlings, the seedlings are only suitable for planting in the sunken parts of the stone buds or flat areas. The scope of stone bud restoration is limited, and the overall restoration effect in the karst area is still not ideal.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a system and method that can be used for ecological restoration of stone bud groups in the southwestern karst region, so as to improve the overall ecological restoration effect of the karst region. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a vegetation ecological restoration system and method in the southwestern karst area to solve the problems of easy loss of stone bud soil in karst areas, difficulty in soil consolidation, and unsatisfactory ecological restoration effect of stone bud rock surface.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention proposes a vegetation ecological restoration system for the karst areas of southwest China, comprising a soil fixing component, a foreign soil layer, a moisture-retaining device, a seedling protection device and seedlings; the soil fixing component comprises a soil fixing net, a retaining rope and a plurality of soil fixing columns distributed on the soil fixing net; the soil fixing net is paved on the rock surface of the stone bud; the retaining rope is centered on the target position of the rock surface of the stone bud, and is wound around the plurality of soil fixing columns around the target position to form a retaining ring surrounding the target position; the foreign soil layer is paved on the rock surface and covers the soil fixing net; the lower end of the soil fixing column is located at the The upper end of the container extends to above the imported soil layer; a planting hole is provided in the area of the imported soil layer corresponding to the target position; the seedlings are planted in the planting hole; the moisturizing device includes an absorbent towel, the imported soil layer covers the absorbent towel, one end of the absorbent towel extends to the soil-fixing net, and the other end is buried in the gully soil layer; the seedling protection device includes two seedling protection support frames and a flexible supporting member tied between the two seedling protection support frames; the lower ends of the two seedling protection support frames are buried in the imported soil layer, and respectively abut against the soil-fixing columns on both sides of the planting hole; the flexible supporting member supports the seedlings.

[0007] Furthermore, there are a plurality of retaining rings, and the plurality of retaining rings are centered on the target position and expand outward one by one to surround the target position.

[0008] Furthermore, each retaining ring includes multiple layers of retaining ropes stacked together, and the foreign soil layer covers at least one layer of retaining ropes.

[0009] Furthermore, the flexible supporting member includes a bendable metal support plate and a support rope passing through both ends of the bendable metal support plate; the bendable metal support plate is fixed to the support rope, and both ends of the support rope are tied to the two seedling protection support frames; the bendable metal support plate supports the seedlings.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned further scheme are: the seedling protection support frames at both ends are connected by support ropes, and the support ropes can flexibly control the position of the bendable metal support sheet by binding length; the bendable metal support sheet can realize fine adjustment of the support surface by utilizing its bendable characteristics, and form multiple recessed parts by bending and arching, so as to realize separate support of the stems of multiple seedlings in the same planting hole, and achieve good support effect.

[0011] Furthermore, the support rope is provided with at least one section of photodegradable plastic rope.

[0012] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that by arranging a photodegradable plastic rope on the support rope and utilizing the property of the photodegradable plastic rope to decompose under the action of light, the support rope will break by itself after a period of time, thereby avoiding the seedlings being excessively constrained by the support rope after maturity and affecting their lateral growth.

[0013] Furthermore, the seedling protection support frame includes a support rod, a Y-shaped rod and a T-shaped rod; the lower end of the support rod is connected to a perpendicular Y-shaped rod, the Y-shaped rod is buried in the imported soil layer, and the bifurcation of the Y-shaped rod is tightly pressed against the soil-fixing column; the upper end of the support rod is connected to a T-shaped rod, and the support rope is tied to the T-shaped rod.

[0014] The above further solution has the beneficial effect of securing the seedling support frame by tightening the soil column at the bifurcation of the Y-shaped rod, thereby limiting the displacement of the Y-shaped rod. Furthermore, by burying the Y-shaped rod in the foreign soil layer, the foreign soil layer compresses the Y-shaped rod, thereby securing the seedling support frame. The length of the support rope can be controlled by the number of turns of the support rope around the T-shaped rod, thereby adjusting the position of the bendable metal support piece on the support rope to align it with the seedling. The securing method of the support rope to the seedling support frame is simple and efficient.

[0015] Furthermore, the soil-fixing net includes multiple connecting rings and multiple soil-fixing ropes; each of the two ends of the soil-fixing rope is tied with a connecting ring, and each connecting ring is tied with multiple soil-fixing ropes; the connecting ring is provided with multiple positioning holes; the lower end of the soil-fixing column is connected to multiple L-shaped pins; the multiple L-shaped pins are inserted into the multiple positioning holes one by one; the soil-fixing column passes through the connecting ring.

[0016] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that the soil-fixing net is formed by tying the soil-fixing rope and the connecting ring. The soil-fixing net of corresponding size can be prefabricated according to the size of the stone buds on the stone bud group. The soil-fixing net is simple to manufacture. The mesh size and mesh size of the soil-fixing net can be adjusted according to the length and number of the soil-fixing ropes, so that it can be used for stone buds of different sizes and shapes. For locally raised rock surfaces, the mesh size of the soil-fixing net in the raised area can be adjusted to make the soil-fixing net fit and fix better to the stone bud rock surface. The soil-fixing column can also be installed flexibly. The L-shaped pin and the positioning hole can be plugged into the connection ring to realize the detachable connection between the soil-fixing column and the connecting ring. The soil-fixing net can be laid on site first and then the soil-fixing column can be inserted and installed, making the laying and transportation of the soil-fixing net easier and avoiding the interference and knotting of the soil-fixing nets.

[0017] Furthermore, there are multiple soil fixing components, and the multiple connecting rings of the soil fixing net of one soil fixing component are clamped on the multiple soil fixing columns of another soil fixing component.

[0018] The beneficial effect of the above further solution is that, by splicing multiple soil-fixing nets, large-sized rock surface stone buds can be covered, so that the soil-fixing nets and the imported soil layer of the large-sized rock surface stone buds form an integral structure.

[0019] Furthermore, the seedlings include dendrobium seedlings or vine seedlings.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention further proposes a method for ecological restoration of vegetation in the karst areas of Southwest China, comprising the following steps:

[0021] The soil-fixing net is laid on the rock surface of the stone bud, with at least one soil-fixing net laid on each stone bud; and a plurality of soil-fixing columns are distributed on each soil-fixing net;

[0022] Taking the target location for planting seedlings on the rock surface of the stone bud as the center, a plurality of soil-fixing columns are wound around the target location to form a retaining ring surrounding the target location;

[0023] Laying the absorbent towel so that one end of the absorbent towel extends to the soil consolidation net and the other end is buried in the soil layer of the karst ditch;

[0024] Installing a seedling protection device, installing two seedling protection support frames of the seedling protection device on both sides of the target position, so that the lower ends of the seedling protection support frames abut against the soil-fixing columns on both sides of the target position;

[0025] Paving a foreign soil layer on the rock surface so that the foreign soil layer covers the soil-fixing net, the absorbent towel, the lower end of the soil-fixing column and the lower end of the seedling protection support frame; the upper end of the soil-fixing column and the upper end of the seedling protection support frame extend above the foreign soil layer;

[0026] A planting hole is dug in an area of the imported soil layer corresponding to the target position; a seedling is planted in the planting hole; and the seedling is supported by a flexible supporting member connected between two seedling protection support frames.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] Taking advantage of the raised rock surface of the stone buds, the soil-fixing net can be directly laid on the rock surface of the stone buds without the need for anchor nails, which improves the efficiency of the net laying construction. For the stone bud group, each stone bud is independently paved with a soil-fixing net, which has a good fit with the rock surface and high net laying quality.

[0029] By paving the imported soil layer on the rock surface and covering it with a soil-fixing net, multiple soil-fixing columns distributed on the soil-fixing net penetrate the imported soil layer. The soil-fixing columns not only provide positioning and support for the arrangement of retaining ropes, but also play a role in reinforcing the imported soil layer and provide attachment support for the growth of vines. At the same time, the reinforcing effect of the soil-fixing columns on the imported soil layer also allows the soil-fixing net and the imported soil layer to form an integrated plate, improving the soil-fixing effect while effectively fixing the soil-fixing net.

[0030] The retaining ropes are used to surround the soil columns around the target location to form a retaining ring surrounding the target location. The retaining ring can effectively prevent and slow down the loss of soil within the ring, preventing the loss of the foreign soil layer laid on the stone buds from accumulating in the karst gully and further loss along the karst gully, thus solving the problem of soil loss on the stone bud group. In addition, the planting hole is located within the retaining ring, which can prevent the loss of soil from the seedling roots and improve the survival rate of the seedlings. The retaining ropes and soil-fixing nets of the retaining ring can provide attachment support for the growth of the seedling roots, improving the seedlings' ability to resist wind.

[0031] The guest soil layer and the karst ditch soil layer are connected by arranging a water-absorbing towel; the water in the karst ditch soil layer is allowed to pass through the capillary action of the water-absorbing towel, thereby increasing the humidity of the guest soil layer;

[0032] By setting up a seedling protection device to support the seedlings, the survival rate of the seedlings on the sloped rock surface is improved and the seedlings are prevented from falling over; the lower end of the seedling protection support frame is abutted against the soil-fixing columns on both sides of the planting hole, and the pressure exerted by the seedlings on the seedling protection support frame is transmitted to the soil-fixing net through the soil-fixing columns, and finally transmitted to the stone buds. The force transmission is clear and the seedling protection device has a good supporting effect on the seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stone bud group in the karst area;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of soil-fixing columns distributed on the soil-fixing net of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the soil-fixing net paved on the rock surface;

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a plurality of retaining rings are wound around a soil-fixing column;

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the stone bud rock surface paved with absorbent towels;

[0038] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a seedling protection device is installed on a soil-fixing column;

[0039] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the stone bud rock surface paved with a foreign soil layer and planted with seedlings;

[0040] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure in which the imported soil layer is laid in a local manner;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of two soil-fixing nets of the present invention that are spliced and laid on large-sized stone buds;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a structural schematic diagram of a seedling protection device of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the side structure of a seedling protection support frame;

[0044] Figure 12 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure of the flexible support member;

[0045] Figure 13 It is a partial enlarged structural diagram of the soil-fixing net and soil-fixing column of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the connecting rings and soil-fixing ropes between the middle soil-fixing column and the soil-fixing net;

[0047] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the invention after the imported soil layer is paved and covered with a soil-fixing net;

[0048] Figure 16 for Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the structure of setting planting holes and retaining rings at corresponding target locations in the imported soil layer;

[0049] Figure 17 It is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of multiple retaining ropes stacked on the retaining ring of the present invention.

[0050] In the figure: 1-stone bud; 2-karst gully; 3-karst gully soil layer; 4-soil-fixing net; 5-soil-fixing column; 6-soil retaining rope; 7-soil retaining ring; 8-imported soil layer; 9-planting hole; 10-absorbent towel; 11-seedling support frame; 12-flexible supporting member; 13-seedling; 14-bendable metal support sheet; 15-support rope; 16-photodegradable plastic rope; 17-support rod; 18-Y-shaped rod; 19-T-shaped rod; 20-connecting ring; 21-soil-fixing rope; 22-positioning hole; 23-L-shaped pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following is a further detailed description of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementations:

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the stone bud group in the karst area has stone buds scattered over a large area and karst grooves distributed between the stone buds.

[0053] Patent publication number CN107182335A discloses a method for ecological restoration of rocky desertified mountainous areas. The method involves planting honeysuckle in karst gullies, using honeysuckle branches to cover the exposed rock surfaces with stone buds, and planting Dendrobium officinale in the cracks of the rocks. However, due to the large number of stone buds in the stone bud group, the lack of soil on the rock surface, and the concentrated and intense rainfall in karst areas, the rock surface suffers from severe soil erosion, making it unfavorable for the climbing growth of honeysuckle.

[0054] Patent document with publication number CN115316250B discloses a method for planting Dendrobium officinale on stone surfaces in karst areas. The document points out that most of the time when Dendrobium officinale is planted, rainwater washes along the inclination direction of the rock, which easily causes the root system to be washed by rainwater for a long time and suffers serious nutrient loss, thereby hindering the root system's nutrient absorption. To solve this problem, the method adopted is to reasonably cut a 40-mesh mesh according to the area of the planted rock, punch holes at intervals on the stone surface, and fix steel nail wire clips into the holes. The prepared domesticated seedlings are moved into the steel nail wire clips, and an appropriate amount of moss is stuffed into the wire clips to fix the roots; black lime soil is spread on the surface of the stone surface; according to the size of the rock area, a soil protection mesh is laid and fixed with steel nail wire clips on all sides, and holes are reserved in each planting area of Dendrobium officinale to facilitate the growth of Dendrobium officinale. However, the method used in this paper does not implement soil stabilization measures for the black lime soil laid on the rock surface. Although a 40-mesh retaining mesh was laid based on the rock surface size, the mesh did not adhere well to the rock surface or the substrate, and the substrate would be washed away by rainwater through the gap between the mesh and the rock surface. In addition, the planting of Dendrobium officinale was perpendicular, oblique, or parallel to the rock slope, but lacked effective support, which was not conducive to root attachment.

[0055] In order to solve the problems of easy loss of rocky soil in karst areas, difficulty in soil consolidation, and lack of support for plants planted on the inclined rock surface of rocky rocks, the present invention proposes a vegetation ecological restoration system in the southwestern karst areas, including a soil consolidation component, a foreign soil layer, a moisture-retaining device, a seedling protection device, and seedlings.

[0056] The seedlings of the present invention are dendrobium seedlings or vine seedlings. Among them, the vine seedlings can be honeysuckle seedlings. The seedlings are seedlings cultivated in advance, the height of the dendrobium seedlings is greater than 15 cm, and the height of the honeysuckle seedlings is 20-30 cm.

[0057] The soil layer can be prepared according to the selected seedlings, using existing techniques. For example, the soil layer can be made of peat moss, perlite, coconut coir, sphagnum moss, and powdered limestone in a ratio of 3:1:2:1:1. The pH of the soil layer should be adjusted to 7.5. Moss spores can be added to the surface of the soil layer during paving.

[0058] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the soil fixing assembly of the present invention includes a soil fixing net 4, a retaining rope 6 and a plurality of soil fixing columns 5 distributed on the soil fixing net 4; the soil fixing net 4 is paved on the rock surface of the stone bud 1. Figure 4 As shown, the retaining rope 6 is centered on the target position of the rock surface of the stone bud 1 and is wound around multiple soil-fixing columns 5 around the target position to form a retaining ring 7 surrounding the target position. Figure 4 In the example, the top of the stone bud 1 is the target location. In practice, the target location can be a single location or multiple locations on the side of the stone bud 1. The target location is selected based on the growth environment of the seedling 13 and the surface condition of the stone bud 1. For example, the target location is preferably selected in an area with a depression on the surface of the stone bud 1 to achieve a better soil consolidation effect. The target location can also be selected on the rock surface east-northeast or west-northwest of the stone bud 1.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, there are multiple retaining rings 7, which are centered on the target position and expand outward one by one to surround the target position. The seedlings 13 can also be planted between two adjacent retaining rings 7. When there are multiple target positions on the rock surface of the stone bud 1, the following method is used: Figure 4 The retaining rings 7 are arranged in the manner shown, i.e., with the top surface of the rock bud 1 as the center, the retaining rings 7 are gradually spaced downward, and multiple target positions are distributed between adjacent retaining rings 7 or inside the topmost retaining ring 7. When only one target position is set on the rock surface of the rock bud 1, multiple retaining rings 7 are arranged in a step-by-step manner with the target position as the center and expanding outward.

[0060] like Figure 17As shown, each retaining ring 7 includes multiple layers of retaining ropes 6 stacked together, with the imported soil layer 8 covering at least one layer of retaining ropes 6. The retaining ropes 6 can be made of nylon rope. Once the target location is determined, the location of the soil consolidation columns 5 near the target location can be determined. The retaining ropes 6 are then wound around the soil consolidation columns 5 near the target location in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, with each winding forming a layer. The number of turns of the retaining ropes 6 is determined based on the pavement thickness of the imported soil layer 8. The upper and lower layers of retaining ropes 6 in each retaining ring 7 are stacked and compacted. In this embodiment, the thickness of the imported soil layer 8 is 5-8 cm. The retaining ropes 6 of the bottom layer of each retaining ring 7 are closely attached to the rock surface of the stone bud 1 or the soil consolidation net 4, while the retaining ropes of the top layer are partially located above the surface of the imported soil layer 8.

[0061] like Figure 13 、 Figure 14 As shown, the soil-fixing net 4 includes a plurality of connecting rings 20 and a plurality of soil-fixing ropes 21; each of the two ends of each soil-fixing rope 21 is respectively tied with a connecting ring 20, and each connecting ring 20 is tied with four soil-fixing ropes 21; the connecting ring 20 is provided with four positioning holes 22; the lower end of the soil-fixing column 5 is connected with four L-shaped pins 23; the four L-shaped pins 23 are inserted into the four positioning holes 22 one by one; the soil-fixing column 5 passes through the connecting ring 20. The pin column of the L-shaped pin 23 inserted into the positioning hole 22 is a conical column with a small upper end and a large lower end, so as to better clamp it in the positioning hole 22. The lower end of the pin column of the L-shaped pin 23 is provided with a spike portion, which can slightly penetrate into the rock surface to limit the sliding of the soil-fixing column 5 on the rock surface. The height of the soil-fixing column 5 is higher than the thickness of the guest soil layer 8. In this embodiment, the height of the soil-fixing column 5 is 15 cm.

[0062] The length of the soil-fixing rope 21 can be of various sizes. For example, the length of each soil-fixing rope 21 can be 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm or 30 cm. The length of certain soil-fixing ropes 21 and the number of soil-fixing ropes 21 on the connecting ring 20 can be reasonably selected according to the size of the protrusion of the rock surface of the stone bud 1 or the size of the target position. The protrusion of the rock surface or the target area is exactly in the hole area formed by several soil-fixing ropes 21 connected in series in a ring. The soil-fixing net 4 can be applied to all kinds of rock surfaces of stone buds 1. The soil-fixing net 4 has a good fit with the rock surface, especially in the protruding area of the rock surface. The paved soil-fixing net 4 in this area will not be lifted up, resulting in a large gap between the soil-fixing net 4 and the bottom of the protruding area. The protruding area of the rock surface also limits the displacement of the soil-fixing net 4, improves the paving and fixing effect of the soil-fixing net 4, and is simpler to operate than the fixing method of drilling holes in the rock surface and inserting anchor nails.

[0063] like Figure 9 As shown, when the rock surface size of the stone bud 1 is large, multiple soil fixing components can be configured, and several connecting rings 20 of the soil fixing net 4 of one soil fixing component are hooped on several soil fixing columns 5 of another soil fixing component to realize the splicing of the soil fixing net 4.

[0064] In some embodiments, on the same rock surface of the stone bud 1, two soil-fixing nets 4 can be stacked so that the soil-fixing columns 5 of the lower soil-fixing component pass through the connecting rings 20 of the upper soil-fixing component, and the upper soil-fixing ropes 21 are obliquely crossed with the lower soil-fixing ropes 21, thereby reducing the size of the gaps between the mesh holes and improving the soil-fixing effect.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown, the moisturizing device comprises an absorbent sheet 10, one end of which extends to the soil consolidation net 4 and the other end is buried in the gully soil layer 3. The absorbent sheet 10 has through-holes at its four corners, through which soil consolidation columns 5 pass. As the absorbent sheet 10 is laid on the rock face, it is held in place by the columns 5. For larger rock faces, multiple absorbent sheets 10 can be overlapped and extended, with identical columns 5 passing through the overlapped areas.

[0066] The moisturizing device may also include a water collection container pre-buried within the karst gully soil layer 3. This container may be a water collection bag containing water. The end of the absorbent towel 10, embedded within the karst gully soil layer 3, extends into the water collection bag. The karst gully soil layer 3 is moister than the rock bud 1. The absorbent towel 10, through capillary action, increases the humidity of the rock bud 1's rock surface soil layer 8. In some embodiments, the moisturizing device also includes a water supply line connected to the water collection bag to ensure the continued retention of water.

[0067] like Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, the seedling protection device is installed near the target location and can be set close to the absorbent towel 10.

[0068] The seedling protection device includes two seedling protection support frames 11 and a flexible support member 12 connected between the two seedling protection support frames 11. The lower ends of the two seedling protection support frames 11 are respectively abutted against the soil reinforcement columns 5 set on both sides of the planting hole 9 at the target location. The flexible support member 12 is used to support the seedling 13 planted in the planting hole 9.

[0069] After the seedling protection device is installed, the foreign soil layer 8 is laid so that the foreign soil layer 8 covers the absorbent towel 10, the soil-fixing net 4, the lower end of the soil-fixing column 5 and the lower end of the seedling protection support frame 11; the upper end of the soil-fixing column 5 and the upper end of the seedling protection support frame 11 extend above the foreign soil layer 8.

[0070] like Figure 8 As shown, if the rock surface is only partially provided with a target area, the guest soil layer 8 can be paved only in the target area and the rock surface below it, extending to the top of the gully soil layer 3, so as to reduce the workload of paving the guest soil layer 8, and the uncovered soil-fixing net 4 can be used as a climbing structure for vines.

[0071] like Figure 10-12As shown, the flexible support member 12 includes a bendable metal support sheet 14 and a support rope 15 passing through each end of the bendable metal support sheet 14. The bendable metal support sheet 14 is secured to the support rope 15, and the ends of the support rope 15 are tied to two seedling protection frames 11. The bendable metal support sheet 14 supports the seedlings 13. The bendable metal support sheet 14 can be made of aluminum, with through-holes at both ends. The support rope 15 passes through the through-holes and can be knotted during passage to secure the bendable metal support sheet 14 to the support rope 15. The position of the bendable metal support sheet 14 between the two seedling protection frames 11 is adjusted by adjusting the length of the support rope 15 tied to the seedling protection frames 11. Due to the bendable nature of the bendable metal support sheet 14, by bending toward the seedlings 13, a raised portion or a recessed portion can be formed to support the stems of the seedlings 13, particularly suitable for supporting the stems of honeysuckle seedlings 13. For the Dendrobium seedlings 13, a cluster of Dendrobium seedlings 13 is usually planted in the planting hole 9. By bending the bendable metal support sheet 14 into multiple arched parts or recessed parts to respectively support multiple stems of the cluster of Dendrobium seedlings 13, a better supporting effect can be obtained.

[0072] The seedling protection support frame 11 includes a support rod 17, a Y-shaped rod 18, and a T-shaped rod 19. The lower end of the support rod 17 is connected to a perpendicular Y-shaped rod 18, which is buried in the imported soil layer 8, and the bifurcation of the Y-shaped rod 18 abuts against the fastening soil column 5. The upper end of the support rod 17 is connected to a T-shaped rod 19, and the support rope 15 is tied to the T-shaped rod 19. The rock surface is usually an inclined surface, so the bifurcation of the Y-shaped rod 18 is stuck on the upper side of the solid soil column 5, and the solid soil column 5 limits the downward movement of the Y-shaped rod 18. After the solid soil column 5 is used to position the Y-shaped rod 18, the imported soil layer 8 covers the Y-shaped rod 18, so that the seedling protection support frame 11 is fixed. In some embodiments, the lower end of the support rod 17 can be connected to two parallel Y-shaped rods 18. The two Y-shaped rods 18 are spaced apart along the height direction of the support rod 17, and the bifurcation of the two Y-shaped rods 18 abuts against the fastening soil column 5, so that the seedling protection support frame 11 has a better fixing effect. T-bar 19 comprises horizontal bar and erection bar, and horizontal bar is connected between erection bar and support bar 17, and erection bar is parallel with support bar 17. Support rope 15 is wound on horizontal bar, also can cross winding on horizontal bar and erection bar.

[0073] Since seedlings 13 need to grow laterally as they grow taller, support rope 15 is provided with at least one section of photodegradable plastic rope 16 to prevent flexible support member 12 from permanently restricting the lateral growth of seedlings 13. As seedlings 13 grow, their roots cling and secure, eliminating the risk of tilting and collapsing. At this point, flexible support member 12 would restrict the growth of the dendrobium or vine. Therefore, a section of photodegradable plastic rope 16 is provided on support rope 15. This section of photodegradable plastic rope 16 utilizes existing technology. When exposed to light, it degrades, breaking the support rope 15 at that location. The bendable metal support sheet 14 no longer supports the dendrobium or vine, allowing it to grow freely.

[0074] like Figure 15 、 Figure 16 As shown, before the seedlings 13 are planted, a foreign soil layer 8 is first laid on the rock surface, and then a planting hole 9 is excavated at the target position corresponding to the foreign soil layer 8. Finally, the seedlings 13 are planted in the planting hole 9.

[0075] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also proposes a method for ecological restoration of vegetation in the karst areas of Southwest China, comprising the following steps:

[0076] Step 1: paving the soil-fixing net 4 on the rock surface of the stone bud 1, with at least one soil-fixing net 4 being paved on each stone bud 1; and multiple soil-fixing columns 5 are pre-distributed on each soil-fixing net 4;

[0077] Step 2: With the target location for planting the seedlings 13 on the rock surface of the stone bud 1 as the center, multiple soil-fixing columns 5 are wound around the target location to form a retaining ring 7 surrounding the target location;

[0078] Step 3: Lay the absorbent towel 10 so that one end of the absorbent towel 10 extends to the soil consolidation net 4 and the other end is buried in the gully soil layer 3;

[0079] Step 4: Install the seedling protection device, and install the two seedling protection support frames 11 of the seedling protection device on both sides of the target position, so that the lower ends of the seedling protection support frames 11 abut against the soil-fixing columns 5 on both sides of the target position;

[0080] Step 5. Prefabricate the guest soil layer 8 in advance and pave the guest soil layer 8 on the rock surface so that the guest soil layer 8 covers the soil-fixing net 4, the absorbent towel 10, the lower end of the soil-fixing column 5 and the lower end of the seedling protection support frame 11; the upper end of the soil-fixing column 5 and the upper end of the seedling protection support frame 11 extend above the guest soil layer 8; the guest soil layer 8 adopts a matrix of peat soil, perlite, coconut coir, sphagnum moss, and powdered limestone in a ratio of 3:1:2:1:1. After the guest soil layer 8 is paved, moss spore powder is added to its surface.

[0081] Step 6: dig a planting hole 9 in the area of the imported soil layer 8 corresponding to the target position; plant the seedling 13 in the planting hole 9; and support the seedling 13 using a flexible supporting member 12 connected between the two seedling protection support frames 11.

[0082] Step 7: Spray water for maintenance. When the temperature is higher than 28℃ in summer, spray for 10 minutes every 2 hours.

[0083] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the seedlings 13 are dendrobium seedlings 13 or honeysuckle seedlings 13, and their planting and maintenance methods can all adopt existing technologies. The purpose of the present invention is to provide effective support for the planted seedlings 13 and to provide good soil consolidation measures for the planting area set on the rock surface of the stone bud 1.

[0084] Taking the Shiya 1 group in a karst area in Zhijin County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province as an example, the group was divided from east to west into the first, second, third, and fourth areas of equal width and length with a constant spacing. Each area contains at least 10 independent Shiya 1s.

[0085] Among them, the first area adopts the ecological restoration method of the present invention, the rock surface of the stone bud 1 is covered with a foreign soil layer 8 with a thickness of 8 cm, and the seedlings 13 planted are Dendrobium.

[0086] The second area adopts the ecological restoration method of the present invention. The rock surface of the stone bud 1 is covered with a foreign soil layer 8 with a thickness of 8 cm, and the seedlings 13 planted are honeysuckle.

[0087] The third area uses the existing conventional method to plant the same number and density of Dendrobium as in the first area on the rock surface of Shiya 1, and a foreign soil layer 8 with the same thickness and composition as in the first area is laid on the rock surface of Shiya 1. The difference from the first area is that the soil-fixing assembly of the present invention is not set on the rock surface, and only a layer of 40-mesh geotextile is laid on the foreign soil layer 8.

[0088] The fourth area uses existing conventional methods to plant the same number and density of honeysuckle on the rock surface of Shiya 1 as in the second area. The rock surface of Shiya 1 is paved with a foreign soil layer 8 of the same thickness and composition as in the second area. The difference from the second area is that no seedling protection device is set on the rock surface.

[0089] After one year of maintenance and management in the same manner, the coverage rate of the guest soil layer 8 of the stone bud 1 in the first area was 90%, the maximum thickness of the guest soil layer 8 was 5 cm, and the survival rate of the dendrobium was 85%. The coverage rate of the guest soil layer 8 of the stone bud 1 in the second area was 92%, the maximum thickness of the guest soil layer 8 was 6 cm, and the survival rate of the honeysuckle was 80%. The coverage rate of the guest soil layer 8 of the stone bud 1 in the third area was 60%, the maximum thickness of the guest soil layer 8 was 3 cm, and the survival rate of the dendrobium was 70%. The coverage rate of the guest soil layer 8 of the stone bud 1 in the fourth area was 90%, the maximum thickness of the guest soil layer 8 was 5 cm, and the survival rate of the honeysuckle was 60%. As can be seen from the above, the soil-fixing assembly of the present invention can effectively slow down soil loss, and the soil-fixing assembly and the seedling protection device provide effective support for the honeysuckle, which can significantly improve the survival rate of the honeysuckle.

[0090] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions based on the principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications that do not depart from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vegetation ecological restoration system in the karst areas of Southwest China, characterized by: It includes soil fixing components, imported soil layer, moisture retaining device, seedling protection device and seedlings; The soil fixing assembly includes a soil fixing net, a retaining rope, and a plurality of soil fixing columns distributed on the soil fixing net; the soil fixing net is laid on the rock surface of the rock bud; the retaining rope is arranged around the target position of the rock surface of the rock bud and is wound around the plurality of soil fixing columns around the target position to form a retaining ring surrounding the target position; The imported soil layer is paved on the rock surface and covers the soil fixing net; the lower end of the soil fixing column is located in the imported soil layer, and the upper end extends above the imported soil layer; a planting hole is set in the area of the imported soil layer corresponding to the target position; the seedling is planted in the planting hole; The moisturizing device includes a water-absorbing towel, the guest soil layer covers the water-absorbing towel, one end of the water-absorbing towel extends to the soil-fixing net, and the other end is buried in the karst gully soil layer; The seedling protection device includes two seedling protection support frames and a flexible supporting member tied between the two seedling protection support frames; the lower ends of the two seedling protection support frames are buried in the imported soil layer and respectively abut against the soil-fixing columns on both sides of the planting hole; the flexible supporting member supports the seedlings.

2. The vegetation ecological restoration system for the karst areas of Southwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are a plurality of retaining rings, and the plurality of retaining rings are centered on the target position and expand outward one by one to surround the target position.

3. A vegetation ecological restoration system for karst areas in Southwest China according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Each retaining ring includes multiple layers of retaining ropes stacked together, and the foreign soil layer covers at least one layer of retaining ropes.

4. The vegetation ecological restoration system for the karst areas of Southwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible supporting member includes a bendable metal support plate and a support rope passing through both ends of the bendable metal support plate; the bendable metal support plate is fixed to the support rope, and both ends of the support rope are tied to the two seedling protection support frames; the bendable metal support plate supports the seedlings.

5. The vegetation ecological restoration system for the karst areas of Southwest China according to claim 4, characterized in that: The supporting rope is provided with at least one section of photodegradable plastic rope.

6. The vegetation ecological restoration system for the karst areas of Southwest China according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seedling protection support frame includes a support rod, a Y-shaped rod and a T-shaped rod; the lower end of the support rod is connected to a perpendicular Y-shaped rod, the Y-shaped rod is buried in the imported soil layer, and the bifurcation of the Y-shaped rod is tightly pressed against the soil-fixing column; the upper end of the support rod is connected to a T-shaped rod, and the support rope is tied to the T-shaped rod.

7. The vegetation ecological restoration system for the karst areas of Southwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil-fixing net includes multiple connecting rings and multiple soil-fixing ropes; each of the two ends of the soil-fixing rope is tied with a connecting ring, and each connecting ring is tied with multiple soil-fixing ropes; multiple positioning holes are provided on the connecting ring; the lower end of the soil-fixing column is connected to multiple L-shaped pins; multiple L-shaped pins are inserted into the multiple positioning holes one by one; the soil-fixing column passes through the connecting ring.

8. The vegetation ecological restoration system for the karst areas of Southwest China according to claim 7, characterized in that: There are multiple soil fixing components, and several connecting rings of the soil fixing net of one soil fixing component are clamped on several soil fixing columns of another soil fixing component.

9. The vegetation ecological restoration system for the karst areas of Southwest China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedlings include dendrobium seedlings or vine seedlings.

10. A method for ecological restoration of vegetation in karst areas of Southwest China, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The soil-fixing net is laid on the rock surface of the stone bud, with at least one soil-fixing net laid on each stone bud; and a plurality of soil-fixing columns are distributed on each soil-fixing net; Taking the target location for planting seedlings on the rock surface of the stone bud as the center, a plurality of soil-fixing columns are wound around the target location to form a retaining ring surrounding the target location; Laying the absorbent towel so that one end of the absorbent towel extends to the soil consolidation net and the other end is buried in the soil layer of the karst ditch; Installing a seedling protection device, installing two seedling protection support frames of the seedling protection device on both sides of the target position, so that the lower ends of the seedling protection support frames abut against the soil-fixing columns on both sides of the target position; Paving a foreign soil layer on the rock surface so that the foreign soil layer covers the soil-fixing net, the absorbent towel, the lower end of the soil-fixing column and the lower end of the seedling protection support frame; the upper end of the soil-fixing column and the upper end of the seedling protection support frame extend above the foreign soil layer; digging a planting hole in an area of the imported soil layer corresponding to the target position; and planting the seedlings in the planting hole; The seedlings are supported by a flexible supporting member connected between two seedling protection support frames.

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