A slip-resistant and crack-resistant structure for the bottom plate of a sluice gate and its construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses an anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for a sluice gate base plate and its construction method. The structure includes a sluice gate base plate filled with self-healing microcapsules. One side of the sluice gate base plate is connected to a deformation-coordinated coupling cushion layer, and the other side is connected to the gate pier and steel gate. The deformation-coordinated coupling cushion layer is connected to the rock foundation through an anchoring mechanism. The anchoring mechanism includes a crack displacement monitoring sensor and a stress detection sensor, all of which are connected to a controller. The construction method includes the following steps: drilling and enlarging holes, installing a rock anchoring section, and grouting and curing; installing a flexible buffer section and laying the deformation-coordinated coupling cushion layer; installing the base plate connecting section, binding the steel reinforcement skeleton of the sluice gate base plate and placing the formwork, and pouring concrete; removing the formwork, applying a polyurea waterproof coating, and spraying a flame retardant onto the coating surface. This invention provides anti-slip and crack-resistant properties, high construction efficiency, self-healing cracks, good durability, and good stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to anti-slip and crack-resistant structures and their construction methods, specifically an anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for a sluice gate bottom plate and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional sluice gate base slabs are prone to cracking or overall slippage on complex foundations, such as soft soil, gravel layers, or rock foundations, due to uneven foundation settlement, temperature changes, and hydrodynamic forces, severely affecting the stability and durability of the sluice gate. Current technologies often employ ordinary reinforced concrete structures for sluice gate base slabs, attempting to mitigate cracking by increasing reinforcement ratios or installing expansion joints, but with limited effectiveness. Furthermore, anchoring methods are mostly rigid connections, which are ill-suited to adapting to foundation deformation, easily leading to anchor bolt breakage or localized stress concentration in the base slab.

[0003] Concrete shrinkage, temperature stress, and foundation deformation can easily cause cracks. Traditional expansion joints are prone to water seepage and are difficult to repair. Rigid anchoring cannot effectively buffer foundation deformation. The friction coefficient between the base plate and the foundation is low, making slippage easy. Multi-layer structures (such as waterproof and insulation layers) require step-by-step construction, which is complicated and costly. Crack repair relies on manual intervention, lacks a self-healing mechanism, and has high long-term maintenance costs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a sluice gate bottom plate structure that integrates anti-slip and crack-resistant properties, as well as an efficient construction method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a sluice gate bottom plate anti-slip and crack-resistant structure with good durability and stability. Another purpose of this invention is to provide a construction method for a sluice gate bottom plate anti-slip and crack-resistant structure with self-adaptive foundation deformation, self-repairing cracks, and high construction efficiency.

[0006] Technical solution: The present invention provides a sluice gate bottom plate anti-slip and crack-resistant structure, comprising a sluice gate bottom plate filled with self-healing microcapsules; one side of the sluice gate bottom plate is connected to a deformation-coordinated coupling pad, and the other side is connected to the gate pier and steel gate; the deformation-coordinated coupling pad is connected to the rock foundation through an anchoring mechanism; the anchoring mechanism includes a crack displacement monitoring sensor and a stress detection sensor, and the crack displacement monitoring sensor, stress detection sensor, and self-healing microcapsules are all connected to a controller.

[0007] Furthermore, the anchoring mechanism also includes a rock anchoring section, a flexible buffer section, a base plate connecting section, a threaded sleeve, and a pad. The rock anchoring section is connected to the flexible buffer section through the threaded sleeve and the pad. A stress detection sensor is installed on the inner side of the end of the threaded sleeve near the rock anchoring section. The flexible buffer section is connected to the base plate connecting section. The base plate connecting section, the pad, and the sluice gate base plate are connected and pressed together when the concrete base plate is poured.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer layer of the flexible buffer section is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, which allows for radial deformation of ±3mm. When in contact with the deformation-coordinated coupling pad, it can adaptively adjust to ensure stable connection.

[0009] Furthermore, the surface of the sluice gate bottom plate near the gate pier and steel gate is arched.

[0010] Furthermore, a gate slot and grouting holes are provided on the surface of the sluice gate bottom plate, and a guide rail for engaging the steel gate is provided inside the gate slot.

[0011] Furthermore, the self-healing microcapsules comprise 10-15 wt% foamed microspheres and 85-90 wt% fly ash microspheres, wherein the fly ash microspheres are hollow spheres and the foamed microspheres are thermoplastic microspheres.

[0012] Furthermore, the deformation-coordinated coupling pad layer includes a foam board layer and a rubber pad layer. The sluice gate bottom plate is integrated with the rock foundation through the deformation-coordinated coupling pad layer via an anchoring mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, a serrated adhesive layer is provided at the bottom of the rubber pad layer, with a serration height of 2~5mm and a serration spacing of 10~15mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the crack displacement monitoring sensor and stress detection sensor are connected to the controller via cables.

[0015] The construction method of the anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for the bottom plate of a sluice gate according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Clean the surface of the rock foundation, drill and enlarge the holes, install the rock anchoring section of the anchoring mechanism, inject epoxy resin-basalt fiber composite grout into the grouting hole, and cure.

[0017] Step 2: Install the flexible buffer section of the anchoring mechanism and lay the deformation coordination coupling pad layer;

[0018] Step 3: Install the bottom plate connection section of the anchoring mechanism, tie the steel reinforcement cage of the sluice gate bottom plate, place the bottom plate template and gate pier template with the pre-set cavity, and pour concrete.

[0019] Step four: After the concrete has initially set, remove the formwork, apply a polyurea waterproof coating to the surface of the initially set sluice gate base plate, and spray a flame retardant onto the coating surface to form a double protective layer.

[0020] Working Principle: The system enhances the anti-slip and crack-resistant performance of the sluice gate's base slab through multi-system collaboration. The arch-shaped concrete base slab contains microcapsules encapsulating foamed microspheres and cenosphere insulation composite materials. When the microcapsules encounter cracks, they automatically release a repair agent, which polymerizes and fills the cracks, achieving active repair. When the microcapsules are intact, they provide insulation for the base slab. A coordinated coupling pad layer is installed beneath the base slab. Closed-cell foam boards isolate temperature stress, and a neoprene rubber pad layer further alleviates the reaction force exerted by the foundation on the sluice gate's base slab. A serrated bottom structure enhances friction with the foundation and disperses shear force. The segmented anchor bolts are three-sectioned. The rock-layer anchoring section is filled with basalt fiber composite grout through anchor bolt holes in the foundation to improve shear strength, and an internal stress monitoring device monitors anchor bolt stress. The nickel-titanium alloy flexible section absorbs deformation of the pad layer and enhances stability. The base slab connection layer contains a crack monitoring device integrated with the base slab to monitor cracking. A waterproof coating and flame retardant on the base slab surface provide dual protection. The various systems work together: the anchor system and the sawtooth cushion layer buffer the foundation displacement, and the thermal insulation composite material and the arched bottom plate structure respectively cope with cracking and water flow impact, forming an adaptive, durable, integrated anti-slip and crack-resistant structure.

[0021] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant features:

[0022] 1. It is anti-slip and crack-resistant, adaptable to foundation deformation, has high construction efficiency, self-healing cracks, good durability, and good stability;

[0023] 2. The sluice gate base plate mold has an internal cavity for placing thermal insulation composite material, which simplifies construction and effectively prevents cracking of the base plate due to temperature differences and other reasons; the bow-shaped design of the sluice gate base plate can effectively reduce the pressure caused by water flow impact on the sluice gate base plate.

[0024] 3. The coupling pad layer utilizes rubber resources and foam board, which can effectively buffer the reaction force on the bottom plate of the sluice gate, reduce cracks caused by temperature difference, and at the same time promote efficient use of resources and sustainable environmental development.

[0025] 4. The thermal insulation self-healing material uses foam particles and cenospheres. The foam particles have strong thermal insulation capacity and the cenospheres have the function of self-healing when encountering cracks. When cracks occur inside the bottom plate of the sluice gate, the cenospheres combine with water to fill and self-heal the cracks. It has the dual function of concrete insulation and concrete crack self-healing structure, reducing the frequency of manual repair and reducing maintenance costs by more than 50%.

[0026] 5. The anchoring mechanism has a built-in crack displacement monitoring sensor to monitor stress and cracking anomalies in real time, provide early warning of potential risks, and improve engineering safety. The segmented nickel-titanium alloy anchor rod has a flexible buffer section that absorbs ±3mm displacement. Combined with the serrated rubber pad layer, it interlocks with the foundation and is suitable for complex geological conditions such as soft soil and rock foundation.

[0027] 6. The integrated structural design reduces the number of construction steps, shortens the construction period by 30%, and the use of foam boards and rubber pads for pre-laying simplifies the process, enhances seismic performance, and makes the structure more stable.

[0028] 7. The arched base plate design indirectly enhances the thickness of the concrete base plate protective layer, which can effectively prevent water and oxygen from penetrating and causing steel reinforcement corrosion, and prevent volume expansion from causing concrete to crack and peel along the reinforcement. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring mechanism 4 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the deformation-coordinated coupling pad 3 and the anchoring mechanism 4 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sluice gate bottom plate 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] like Figure 1 A deformation-coordinated coupling pad 3 with on-site crack and stress monitoring function is fixedly connected to the rock foundation 7 via an anchoring mechanism 4. Above the anchoring mechanism 4 is a concrete arched sluice gate base 1. The sluice gate base 1 is filled with self-healing microcapsules 2, which are made of foamed microspheres and cenospheres. The cenospheres are hollow fly ash spheres with a particle size of about 0.1 mm. The foamed microspheres are thermoplastic microspheres that can rapidly expand to dozens of times their original volume after heating. After cooling, the microspheres can still maintain their expanded volume without shrinking, which can achieve excellent heat insulation effect. The particle size is 50 μm, and the ratio is 90 wt% cenospheres + 10 wt% foamed microsphere particles. They can be purchased and used directly. The sluice gate pier 5 and steel gate 6 are fixed on the sluice gate base 1.

[0035] like Figures 2-4The deformation-coordinated coupling pad 3 includes a foam board layer 301 for insulating the sluice gate bottom plate 1, a rubber pad layer 302 for relieving pressure on the rock foundation 7 and reducing uneven settlement, and a serrated adhesive layer 303. The foam board layer 301 is made of closed-cell foamed polyethylene material, with a thickness of 30-50 mm and a thermal conductivity ≤0.035 W / (m·K). It has pre-set anchor rod through holes with a diameter of 5-8 mm and a spacing of 20-30 mm. The rubber pad layer 302 is made of waste neoprene rubber with a Shore hardness of 60±5. A serrated adhesive layer 303 is provided at the bottom of the rubber pad layer 302, with a serration height of 2-5 mm and a serration spacing of 10-15 mm. Through holes are pre-set at the top and bottom of the rubber pad layer.

[0036] The anchoring mechanism 4 adopts a segmented connection structure, including a crack displacement monitoring sensor 401, a stress detection sensor 402, a rock anchoring section 403, a flexible buffer section 404, a base plate connection section 405, a threaded sleeve 406, and a pad 407. The rock anchoring section 403 is fixedly connected to the flexible buffer section 404 through the threaded sleeve 406 and the pad 407. The stress detection sensor 402 is installed on the inner side of the end of the threaded sleeve 406 near the rock anchoring section 403. The flexible buffer section 404 is fixedly connected to the base plate connection section 405, and the base plate connection section 405 is fixedly connected to the sluice gate base plate 1 through the pad 407. The outer layer of the flexible buffer section 404 is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, allowing radial deformation of ±3mm. It can adaptively adjust when in contact with the deformation-coordinated coupling pad 3 to ensure stable connection. The stress detection sensor 402 is installed on the inner side of the bottom of the threaded sleeve 406, and the crack displacement monitoring sensor 401 is located inside the base plate connection section 405. Crack displacement monitoring sensor 401 and stress detection sensor 402 are connected to an external controller via cable 408. Crack displacement monitoring sensor 401 is used to monitor the internal cracks of the sluice gate bottom plate 1. The cable 408 is used to transport the crack displacement monitoring sensor 401 upwards around the steel reinforcement structure 501 of the gate pier 5 to the traffic bridge for data acquisition. Crack displacement monitoring sensor 401 is a strain gauge sensor, and stress detection sensor 402 is a pressure sensor.

[0037] like Figure 5A gate groove 101 is provided in the middle of the surface of the sluice gate base plate 1, and the depth of the gate groove 101 is 1 / 3 of the thickness of the sluice gate base plate 1. A stainless steel guide rail 102 is pre-embedded in the gate groove 101. The surface roughness of the guide rail 102 is Ra≤1.6μm. When the steel gate 6 descends, it comes into close contact with the stainless steel guide rail 102 and is firmly locked in the gate groove 101. Two grouting holes 103 are reserved in the template inside the sluice gate base plate 1 before pouring. The cavity inside the sluice gate base plate 1 is used to fill the self-healing microcapsules 2 and cast the integrated structure. The self-healing microcapsules 2 are located on both sides of the center of the sluice gate base plate 1 near the guide rail 102. Since the action points of the steel gate 6 and the gate pier 5 on the sluice gate base plate 1 are close to the guide rail 102, and the probability of stress concentration in the area where the sluice gate base plate 1 contacts the gate pier 5 and the steel gate 6 is relatively high, the self-healing microcapsules 2 are set here to effectively and evenly extend to the four sides of the sluice gate base plate 1 to repair the internal cracks.

[0038] When pouring the concrete sluice gate base slab 1, the area containing the self-healing microcapsules 2 within the formwork integrates into the concrete sluice gate base slab 1 after pouring, enhancing the concrete base slab's temperature sensitivity. When cracks develop inside the concrete sluice gate base slab 1 due to temperature stress, drying shrinkage, load, or other reasons, the cracks propagate within the concrete, and their tips create high stress concentrations that directly act on the outer shell of the self-healing microcapsules 2. At this point, the self-healing microcapsules 2 automatically rupture and release to repair the cracks until the internal crack width is less than 0.2 mm, at which point the stress decreases and the repair process stops. The concrete sluice gate base slab 1 and the base slab connection section 405 are cast as a single unit.

[0039] A construction method for an anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for the bottom plate of a sluice gate includes the following steps:

[0040] Step 1, Foundation Treatment: Clean the loose material and unstable rocks from the surface of the rock foundation 7, and remove oil stains from the foundation surface to ensure that the foundation is relatively intact and hard bedrock that meets the design requirements. Drill holes in the rock foundation 7 and enlarge them to a diameter of 80-100mm, with a depth of 1.2-1.5 times the designed length of the rock anchoring section 403. Install the rock anchoring section 403, and inject epoxy resin-basalt fiber composite grout through the grouting port at the top of the rock anchoring section 403. Stop grouting when the grout is full, the grouting hole stops discharging grout, and there are no air bubbles in the grouting pipe. Curing time is 72 hours.

[0041] Step 2, Installation of Deformation Coordination Coupling Pad 3: The flexible buffer section 404 and the rock anchoring section 403 are connected together using threaded sleeves 406. After the flexible buffer section 404 is installed, the serrated adhesive layer 303, rubber pad layer 302, and foam board layer 301 are sequentially fitted into the pre-drilled anchor holes, and the layers are tightly pressed together. The base plate connecting section 405 and the flexible buffer section 404 are connected together using threaded sleeves 406. The cable 408 of the stress detection sensor 402 in the rock anchoring section 403 passes upward through the interior of the flexible buffer section 404 and connects to the base plate connecting section 405. The cables 408 of the crack displacement monitoring sensor 401 and the stress detection sensor 402 in the base plate connecting section 405 are routed around the steel reinforcement structure tied inside the gate pier to the traffic bridge and other structures of the sluice gate structure. Finally, a 2-5cm layer of EPDM rubber waterstop is placed on the surface of the foam board layer 301.

[0042] Step 3, Construction of the Arch-Shaped Reinforced Concrete Sluice Gate Bottom Slab 1: Lay out the lines according to the design drawings, pour a 10-15cm thick C15 plain concrete base layer for the flat section, and tie and lay the reinforcing steel. As required, pour the thermal insulation composite material into the reserved formwork cavity, lead out the 408 cable, pour concrete as needed, insert a vibrator to compact it, and smooth and polish the surface. Cure the surface with non-woven fabric for 28 days, maintaining a temperature above 5℃. In cold weather, cover with multiple layers of straw mats and use warm water or spray to maintain moisture. After the concrete reaches its strength, remove the formwork and install the stainless steel guide rail 102.

[0043] Step 4, Surface protection treatment of sluice gate bottom plate 1: After the arched sluice gate bottom plate 1 has been cured and formed, it is coated with polyurea waterproof coating with added flame retardant to form a flame retardant and waterproof double protective layer to protect the sluice gate bottom plate 1 externally.

Claims

1. A sluice gate bottom plate anti-slip and crack-resistant structure, characterized in that: The system includes a sluice gate base plate (1), which is filled with self-healing microcapsules (2); one side of the sluice gate base plate (1) is connected to a deformation-coordinated coupling pad (3), and the other side is connected to a gate pier (5) and a steel gate (6); the deformation-coordinated coupling pad (3) is connected to a rock foundation (7) through an anchoring mechanism (4); the anchoring mechanism (4) includes a crack displacement monitoring sensor (401) and a stress detection sensor (402), and the crack displacement monitoring sensor (401), stress detection sensor (402), and self-healing microcapsules (2) are all connected to a controller; The anchoring mechanism (4) further includes a rock anchoring section (403), a flexible buffer section (404), a bottom plate connecting section (405), a threaded sleeve (406), and a pad (407). The rock anchoring section (403) is connected to the flexible buffer section (404) through the threaded sleeve (406) and the pad (407). A stress detection sensor (402) is installed on the inner side of the end of the threaded sleeve (406) near the rock anchoring section (403). The flexible buffer section (404) is connected to the bottom plate connecting section (405). The bottom plate connecting section (405) is fixedly connected to the sluice gate bottom plate (1) through the pad (407). The bottom plate connecting section (405), the pad (407), and the sluice gate bottom plate (1) are connected and pressed together when the concrete bottom plate is poured. The self-healing microcapsule (2) comprises 10-15 wt% foamed microspheres and 85-90 wt% cenospheres, wherein the cenospheres are hollow fly ash spheres and the foamed microspheres are thermoplastic microspheres; The deformation coordination coupling pad (3) includes a foam board layer (301) and a rubber pad layer (302). The sluice gate bottom plate (1) is integrated with the rock foundation (7) by means of an anchoring mechanism (4) through the deformation coordination coupling pad (3). The bottom of the rubber pad layer (302) is provided with a serrated adhesive layer (303), the serration height is 2~5mm and the serration spacing is 10~15mm.

2. The anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for the bottom plate of a sluice gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layer of the flexible buffer section (404) is made of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy.

3. The anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for the bottom plate of a sluice gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the sluice gate bottom plate (1) near the gate pier (5) and steel gate (6) is arc-shaped.

4. The anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for the bottom plate of a sluice gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (1) of the sluice gate is provided with a gate groove (101) and a grouting hole (103). The gate groove (101) is provided with a guide rail (102) for engaging the steel gate (6).

5. The anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for the bottom plate of a sluice gate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crack displacement monitoring sensor (401) and stress detection sensor (402) are connected to the controller via a cable (408).

6. The construction method of the anti-slip and crack-resistant structure for the bottom plate of a sluice gate according to claim 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Clean the surface of the rock foundation (7), drill and enlarge the hole, install the rock anchoring section (403) of the anchoring mechanism (4), inject epoxy resin-basalt fiber composite grout into the grouting hole (103), and cure. Step 2: Install the flexible buffer section (404) of the anchoring mechanism (4) and lay the deformation coordination coupling pad (3). Step 3: Install the bottom plate connection section (405) of the anchoring mechanism (4), tie the steel reinforcement skeleton of the sluice gate bottom plate (1), place the bottom plate template and gate pier template with the pre-set cavity, and pour concrete. Step 4: After the concrete has initially set, remove the formwork, apply a polyurea waterproof coating to the surface of the initially set sluice gate bottom plate (1), and spray a flame retardant on the coating surface to form a double protective layer.

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