Antenna and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna and communication equipment, the antenna comprises an upper layer conductor and a lower layer conductor which have the same extension direction and are not in direct contact, and the upper layer conductor sequentially comprises a radiation section and a resonance patch along the extension direction; the lower-layer conductor sequentially comprises a plurality of separated second sub-structures in the extending direction, the radiation section of the first end of the upper-layer conductor and the second sub-structures of the first end of the lower-layer conductor are connected with a central feeder line of the feed coaxial line and the ground respectively, and the feed coaxial line feeds the upper-layer conductor and the lower-layer conductor; electromagnetic waves are emitted outwards through the upper-layer conductor and the lower-layer conductor, and the omnidirectional broadband radiation characteristic is achieved. According to the invention, the broadband characteristic of a leaky-wave antenna is kept, the advantages of high efficiency and high radiation efficiency of a resonant antenna are also kept, and WLAN dual-band broadband omnidirectional full coverage is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular relates to an antenna and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have diverse service scenarios and are widely used in indoor and outdoor environments. To achieve point-to-multipoint communication, antennas with omnidirectional radiation capabilities are required. For home router applications, the IEEE 802.11ax protocol (WiFi6) specifies two operating frequency bands for WLAN: 2.4 GHz (2.4-2.484 GHz) and 5 GHz (5.15-5.835 GHz). While traditional dipole arrays can achieve omnidirectional radiation, they suffer from narrowband issues and can only support applications in the 2.4 GHz band. They cannot cover the 5 GHz band or support dual-band WLAN applications.

[0003] Classic leaky-wave antennas typically have a whip-like shape and, as traveling-wave antennas, offer broadband characteristics. However, they are difficult to miniaturize, have substandard broadside radiation, and generally lack omnidirectional radiation. Furthermore, leaky-wave antennas based on highly dispersive waveguide designs struggle to maintain stable beam pointing over a wide frequency range. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: One purpose of the present invention is to provide an antenna with omnidirectional broadband radiation characteristics and capable of operating in both 2.4G and 5G dual-bands.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a communication device.

[0006] Technical solution: The antenna described in the present invention includes an upper conductor and a lower conductor that extend in the same direction and are not in direct contact. The upper conductor includes a radiation section and a resonant patch in sequence along the extension direction; the lower conductor includes a plurality of separated second substructures in sequence along the extension direction. The radiation section at the first end of the upper conductor and the second substructure at the first end of the lower conductor are respectively connected to the center feed line and the ground of the feeding coaxial line. The feeding coaxial line feeds the upper conductor and the lower conductor, and electromagnetic waves are emitted outward through the upper conductor and the lower conductor to achieve omnidirectional broadband radiation characteristics.

[0007] Optionally, the radiating segment is a stripline.

[0008] Optionally, the radiation section includes a feeding section and a modulation period, the modulation period includes a plurality of periodic first substructures arranged in sequence along the extension direction, and each first substructure includes a comb line and a strip line.

[0009] Optionally, the periodic structure length of multiple periodic first substructures is p, p=1 / 4λ~λ, the interval width between adjacent second substructures of the lower conductor is d, d=1 / 4λ~λ, and p>d, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0010] Optionally, the upper conductor and the lower conductor are separated by a dielectric substrate or an air layer.

[0011] Optionally, the length of the radiation section is l, where l=3 / 4λ~3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0012] Optionally, the multiple second substructures of the lower conductor are directly separated by air or electrically connected by narrow wires, and the interval width between adjacent second substructures of the lower conductor is d, d=1 / 4λ~λ, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0013] Optionally, the antenna operating frequency band is 2.4G and 5G.

[0014] Optionally, the feeding section at the first end of the upper conductor includes a microstrip line with trapezoidal size changes, which is used to be connected to the feeding coaxial line.

[0015] The present invention also provides a communication device, comprising a radio frequency circuit and the antenna, wherein the radio frequency circuit is used for communicating using the antenna.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following significant technical effects: in the 2.4G frequency band, the antenna is in a pure resonant mode state; in the 5G frequency band, because the comb lines support artificial surface plasmon slow waves and the strip lines support quasi-TEM waves, there is a mode mismatch between the two. According to the mode modulation leaky wave theory, the periodic design of the mode mismatch will excite high-order spatial harmonics. When the modulation period is designed to meet the condition that the spatial harmonics are fast waves, the waveguide can radiate outward in the form of leaky waves. At the same time, the resonant patch also radiates toward the broadside, consistent with the leaky wave radiation, further enhancing the antenna's radiation performance in the broadside direction. As a special LWA, the antenna utilizes hybrid leaky wave and resonant operation to combine the advantages of broadband, miniaturization, and high efficiency. The application of the mode modulation leaky wave method enables the proposed LWA to achieve effective broadside radiation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the right side structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a top view of the antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 The antenna pattern of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention in the 2.4 GHz frequency band;

[0022] Figure 6 The antenna pattern of the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention in the 5G frequency band;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an antenna provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the right side structure of an antenna provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the top view of the antenna provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of an antenna provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a top view of the antenna modulation period provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 12 The antenna pattern of the antenna provided in the preferred embodiment of the present invention in the 2.4G frequency band;

[0029] Figure 13 The antenna pattern of the antenna provided in the preferred embodiment of the present invention in the 5G frequency band;

[0030] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario when a preferred embodiment of the present invention is used as a home router antenna;

[0031] Figure 15 for Figure 14 The S-parameter curve of the home router antenna shown;

[0032] Figure 16 for Figure 14 The simulated and measured 3D radiation patterns of the home router antenna shown; (a) is the simulated 3D pattern for the 2.4 GHz band, (b) is the simulated 3D pattern for the 5 GHz band, (c) is the measured 3D pattern for the 2.4 GHz band, and (d) is the measured 3D pattern for the 5 GHz band.

[0033] Figure 17 for Figure 14The simulated and measured 2D radiation patterns of the home router antenna in the 2.4 GHz frequency band are shown. (a) is the measured 2D radiation pattern, and (b) is the simulated 2D radiation pattern.

[0034] Figure 18 for Figure 14 Figure 2 shows the simulated and measured 2D radiation patterns of a home router antenna in the 5G band. (a) shows the 5.15 GHz e-plane 2D pattern, (b) shows the 5.5 GHz e-plane measured 2D pattern, (c) shows the 5.85 GHz e-plane simulated 2D pattern, (d) shows the 5.15 GHz h-plane 2D pattern, (e) shows the 5.5 GHz h-plane measured 2D pattern, and (f) shows the 5.85 GHz h-plane measured 2D pattern.

[0035] Figure 19 for Figure 14 Plots of simulated and measured antenna efficiency for the home router antenna shown;

[0036] In the figure: 100-upper conductor; 300-lower conductor; 110-stripline; 101-feeding section; 102-comb line; 103-stripline; 104-resonant patch; 301-narrow wire; 110-first substructure; 310-second substructure; 400-metal floor; 1-first feeding coaxial line; 2-second feeding coaxial line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] To facilitate understanding, we first explain the application scenarios of the antennas involved in the embodiments of the present invention. The antennas provided in the embodiments of the present invention are suitable for use in 2.4G and 5G dual-band routers, particularly home routers. The antennas involved in the embodiments of the present invention can serve as access point antennas and can be connected to RF circuits via feeder cables.

[0039] The antenna of the present invention includes an upper conductor and a lower conductor extending in the same direction, but not directly in contact. The upper conductor includes a radiating section and a resonant patch in sequence along the extension direction. The lower conductor includes multiple separated second substructures in sequence along the extension direction. The radiating section at the first end of the upper conductor and the second substructure at the first end of the lower conductor are connected to the center feed line of a feed coaxial line and ground, respectively. The feed coaxial line feeds the upper and lower conductors, emitting electromagnetic waves through the upper and lower conductors to achieve omnidirectional broadband radiation characteristics. The radiating section is a stripline or includes a feeding section and a modulation period. The modulation period includes multiple periodic first substructures arranged in sequence along the extension direction, each first substructure including a comb line and a stripline.

[0040] The length of the radiation section is l, where l=3 / 4λ to 3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0041] First reference Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention is provided. Figures 2 to 4 The right side, top view and bottom view of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention are shown respectively. Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention may include an upper conductor 100 and a lower conductor 300. The two conductors extend in the same direction and are separated by a dielectric substrate or air. The upper conductor 100 includes a stripline 110 and a resonant patch 104 in sequence along the extension direction. The first end of the stripline is used to connect to the feed coaxial line. The resonant patch receives and radiates the electromagnetic energy remaining after passing through the stripline. The lower conductor 300 includes a plurality of second substructures 310 separated by hollowing in sequence along the extension direction. Adjacent second substructures can be directly separated by air or electrically connected by a narrow wire. The second substructure at the first end of the lower conductor is used to connect to the feed coaxial line. The resonant patch at the second end of the upper conductor and the second substructure at the second end of the lower conductor are open circuits. The lower conductor serves as the ground plane of the antenna, which can optimize the antenna matching effect.

[0042] The spacing width between the multiple second substructures of the lower conductor is d, d=1 / 4λ~λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna, so that the antenna has a good matching state in the working frequency band.

[0043] In practical applications, the antenna can be placed perpendicular to the ground. The stripline 110 at the first end of the upper conductor 100 and the second substructure 310 at the first end of the lower conductor 300 can be connected to the center feed line of the feed coaxial line and the ground, feeding energy to the upper conductor 100 and the lower conductor 300 through the feed coaxial line. The antenna can be considered a monopole antenna within the dual-band WLAN band, and the end-loaded resonant patch 104 can be considered the end capacitive load of the monopole antenna, used to improve port matching conditions. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The antenna directional patterns of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention in the 2.4G frequency band and the 5G frequency band are shown. The antenna can achieve omnidirectional broadband radiation within the WLAN operating frequency band.

[0044] Classic leaky-wave antennas usually have a whip-like shape and, as traveling-wave antennas, have broadband characteristics. However, they also have the problems of being difficult to miniaturize, having substandard wide-side radiation effects, and generally being unable to achieve omnidirectional radiation. In addition, the beam pointing of leaky-wave antennas designed based on strongly dispersive waveguides is difficult to maintain stability over a wide frequency range. An embodiment of the present invention provides another preferred solution that fully utilizes the broadband characteristics of leaky-wave antennas while maintaining omnidirectional broadband radiation characteristics, and improves antenna efficiency through a resonant structure, thereby achieving dual-band omnidirectional radiation in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. The preferred solution is described below.

[0045] refer to Figures 7 to 10 , Figure 7 FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 8 to 10 Schematic diagrams of the right side, top view and bottom view of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention are shown respectively. Figure 11 The top view of the antenna structure in a single modulation cycle is shown in Figure 2. Figures 7 to 11 As shown, the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention may include an upper conductor 100 and a lower conductor 300. The two conductors extend in the same direction and are separated by a dielectric substrate or air. The upper conductor 100 includes, along the extension direction, a feed segment 101 at the first end, a modulation period in the middle, and a resonant patch 104 at the second end. The feed segment may include a microstrip line with trapezoidal dimensions, which is used to connect to the center feed line of the feed coaxial line. The modulation period may include multiple periodic first substructures 110, arranged in sequence along the extension direction. Each first substructure includes a comb line 102 and a strip line 103. The resonant patch receives and radiates electromagnetic energy remaining after passing through the multiple periodic first substructures. The lower conductor 300 includes, along the extension direction, multiple second substructures 310 separated by hollow sections. Adjacent second substructures may be directly separated by air or electrically connected by a narrow conductor. The second substructure at the first end of the lower conductor is used to connect to the ground of the feed coaxial line. The resonant patch at the second end of the upper conductor and the second substructure at the second end of the lower conductor are open circuits. The lower conductor acts as the antenna's ground plane, optimizing antenna matching. This structure retains the broadband characteristics of leaky-wave antennas while maintaining the high efficiency of resonant antennas, achieving dual-band omnidirectional and full coverage for WLAN, with the advantages of both broadband and high radiation efficiency.

[0046] The feed coaxial line feeds the upper and lower conductors. Striplines and comb lines are alternately arranged in the modulation period of the upper conductor, and electromagnetic waves propagate along the upper conductor. The quasi-TEM waves supported by the striplines and the surface slow waves supported by the comb lines form periodic mode modulation, generating wide-side omnidirectional leaky-wave radiation. Simultaneously, the self-cancellation of the naturally reflected waves from the mode modulation promotes effective wide-side leaky-wave radiation. Electromagnetic waves are emitted outward through the gaps in the comb lines of the multiple first substructures of the upper conductor and the resonant patch at the second end of the upper conductor. The periodic modulated leaky-wave radiation and the end resonant radiation form a hybrid radiation mode. The antenna combines the broadband characteristics of a leaky-wave antenna with the high efficiency of a resonant antenna, exhibiting omnidirectional broadband radiation characteristics. This makes the antenna promising for application in wireless communication systems such as multi-band wireless LANs, particularly in special situations requiring omnidirectional broadband radiation.

[0047] The end resonant structure (resonant patch) at the second end of the upper conductor is circular, elliptical or polygonal. The end resonant structure can be of various shapes, which is flexible and convenient for actual selection. The multiple second substructures of the lower conductor are completely separated by the hollowing. The surface waves guided by the comb lines are called artificial surface plasmons. They do not require a complete ground plane like a microstrip line, which ensures omnidirectional radiation of electromagnetic waves in the azimuth plane and a wide coverage range. The multiple second substructures of the lower conductor are connected by narrow wires to construct a complete ground to better match the antenna port.

[0048] The periodic structure length of the multiple periodic first substructures of the modulation period between the upper conductors is p, where p = 1 / 4λ to λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the antenna's operating frequency band. That is, p includes the lengths of one comb line 102 and one strip line 103. According to periodic modulation mode theory, the radiation angle of the antenna in the operating frequency band is in the broadside direction.

[0049] The spacing width between the multiple second substructures of the lower conductor is d, d=1 / 4λ~λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna, so that the antenna has a good matching state in the working frequency band.

[0050] And p>d, that is, the periodic structure length p of the plurality of periodic first substructures is greater than the interval width d between the plurality of second substructures of the lower conductor.

[0051] The present invention also provides a communication device, which may include a radio frequency circuit and one or more antennas as described above, wherein the radio frequency circuit is used for communicating using the antenna.

[0052] The antenna of the present invention has omnidirectional broadband radiation characteristics, so that the communication device is very suitable for 2.4G and 5G dual-band router applications.

[0053] In actual application, the antenna can be set perpendicular to the ground. The feeding section 101 of the upper conductor 100 and the second substructure at the first end of the lower conductor 300 can be used to connect to the feeding coaxial line, and energy is fed into the upper conductor 100 and the lower conductor 300 through the feeding coaxial line. In the 2.4G frequency band, the total length of the antenna is equivalent to the operating wavelength, and it can be regarded as a slender monopole operating in a pure resonant state. At this time, the end-loaded resonant patch 104 can be regarded as the end capacitive load of the monopole antenna, which is used to improve the port matching conditions. In the 5G frequency band, since the comb line 102 supports artificial surface plasmon slow waves and the strip line 103 supports quasi-TEM waves, there is a mode mismatch between the two. According to the mode modulation leakage wave theory, the periodic design of the mode mismatch will excite high-order spatial harmonics. When the modulation period is designed to meet the condition that the spatial harmonics are fast waves, the waveguide can radiate outward in the form of leakage waves. At the same time, the resonant patch 104 also radiates toward the broadside (ie, toward the side of the leaky-wave antenna), which is consistent with the leaky-wave radiation, further enhancing the radiation performance of the antenna in the broadside direction.

[0054] Figure 12 The three-dimensional antenna pattern of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention in the 2.4G frequency band is shown. In actual use, the antenna is placed perpendicular to the ground, the feeding section 101 of the upper conductor 100 is connected to the central feeder of the feeding coaxial line, and the second substructure of the first end of the lower conductor 300 is connected to the ground (ie, the outer conductor) of the feeding coaxial line. Energy is fed into the upper conductor 100 and the lower conductor 300 through the feeding coaxial line. When an electromagnetic wave is input from the port, a standing wave will be formed. There are only two anti-phase field distribution states in one wave period, and they can be switched quickly. At this time, the antenna is equivalent to a third-order resonant mode dipole, which can achieve a typical dipole radiation pattern with a length of 1 to 1.5λ (λ is the working wavelength), with Figure 12 The antenna pattern shown is suitable for omnidirectional broadside radiation scenarios. However, when a strong main beam is present in the broadside direction, two distinct sidelobes inevitably form on either side of the main beam. This results in a reduction in energy in the main beam direction, and consequently, a reduction in antenna gain in the azimuth direction. However, in 2.4G wireless LAN mode, the above antenna gain is acceptable. Compared to the 5G band, the 2.4G band has a longer electromagnetic wave wavelength, naturally providing better signal coverage.

[0055] Figure 13The three-dimensional antenna pattern of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention in the 5G frequency band is shown. In actual use, the antenna is placed perpendicular to the ground, the feeding section 101 of the upper conductor 100 is connected to the center feeder of the feeding coaxial line, and the second substructure at the first end of the lower conductor 300 is connected to the ground (ie, the outer conductor) of the feeding coaxial line. Energy is fed to the upper conductor 100 and the lower conductor 300 through the feeding coaxial line. In the antenna's mode-adjusted leakage wave region, that is, the periodic first substructure 110 of the upper conductor 100, the antenna exhibits a typical TWM state, that is, the equiphase surface moves with the wavefront. Unlike traditional leakage wave antennas, electromagnetic waves enter the resonant patch 104 through the leakage wave structure. This part behaves as a typical patch antenna and also radiates in the wide side direction, which is consistent with leakage wave radiation. Based on the hybrid radiation scheme, the antenna significantly improves the antenna efficiency while fully utilizing the broadband and high directivity of the leakage wave antenna. The resulting antenna pattern is as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the antenna achieves high directivity omnidirectional coverage in the broadside direction.

[0056] refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 A schematic diagram of an application scenario of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention as a home router antenna is shown. The metal base serves as a metal floor 400 for the two antennas, and is designed to be the size of an ordinary router of 200mm×140mm. Two identical antennas are symmetrically mounted at the two corners of the metal floor 400, and are fixed to the metal floor 400 through separate coaxial feeding SMAs, respectively referred to as the first feeding coaxial line 1 and the second feeding coaxial line 2. The center feed line of the feeding coaxial line is connected to the feeding section 101 of the upper conductor 100 of the antenna, and the outer conductor (ground) of the feeding coaxial line is connected to the lower conductor 300 serving as the ground plane. The first feeding coaxial line 1 is defined as port 1, and the second feeding coaxial line 2 is defined as port 2 below. In addition, in the description of the present invention, the definition of the xoy axis has been described in detail. Figure 14 Marked in the middle to facilitate the description of subsequent analysis.

[0057] Figure 15 for Figure 14The following is an S-parameter curve for a home router antenna. S-parameters are network parameters based on the relationship between incident and reflected waves, suitable for microwave circuit analysis. They describe circuit networks using the reflected signal at a device port and the signal transmitted from that port to the other port. For a two-port network, the four S-parameters, Sij, represent the energy measured at port i when energy is injected into port j. For example, S11 is defined as the square root of the ratio of the energy reflected from port 1 to the input energy, often simplified to the ratio of the equivalent reflected voltage to the equivalent incident voltage. The physical meaning of each parameter and the characteristics of a specific network are as follows: S11—the reflection coefficient (input return loss) at port 1 when port 2 is matched; S22—the reflection coefficient (output return loss) at port 2 when port 1 is matched; S12—the transmission coefficient from port 2 to port 1 when port 1 is matched; and S21—the transmission coefficient from port 1 to port 2 when port 2 is matched. S11 and S22 are the port reflection coefficients; S12 and S21 are the port transmission coefficients. A matched port means that there is no reflection at that port.

[0058] like Figure 15 As shown, the simulated reflection coefficients (|S11| and |S22|) and transmission coefficients (|S21| and |S12|) of the two antennas precisely overlap. Based on the simulated port matching, the simulated |S11| achieved the target of less than -10dB in both the 2.4G and 5G bands specified by IEEE802.11ax (WiFi6). Furthermore, due to the large spacing between the two antennas, the mutual interference between them was relatively small, remaining below -25dB in both the 2.4G and 5G bands. In actual measurements, due to differences in manufacturing consistency and installation procedures, the S-parameters of the two antennas did not match perfectly as in the simulation results. However, the trends were consistent with the simulation results, meeting the requirements for both the 2.4G and 5G operating bands. Only in the 5G band was the interference slightly reduced, with |S21| (|S12|) reaching a maximum of -21dB. These results demonstrate that this solution successfully achieved dual-band design for 2.4G and 5G in terms of port performance.

[0059] Figure 16 for Figure 14 Figure 1 shows the simulated and measured 3D radiation patterns of a home router antenna at 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz. Figure 16 As shown in Figures (a) through (d), when feeding power from both feed ports, the two devices exhibit similar radiation characteristics, achieving broadside omnidirectional radiation. In the 5G band, in particular, due to its shorter operating wavelength, the radiation characteristics are minimally affected by the metal floor 400, exhibiting higher directivity, which helps enhance Wi-Fi signal coverage in the 5G band.

[0060] Figure 17 for Figure 14The following figure shows the simulated and measured xoy plane two-dimensional radiation pattern of the home router antenna in the 2.4G frequency band. Figure 17 As shown in (a) and (b), due to the longer operating wavelength in the 2.4 GHz band, the antenna is more susceptible to the influence of the metal floor 400, and two orthogonal polarization components (φ-polarization and θ-polarization) coexist. However, for actual dual-band routers, the requirements for radiation pattern distribution in the 2.4 GHz band are generally not as strict as those in the 5 GHz band. In actual applications, such radiation effect is good.

[0061] Figure 18 for Figure 14 The two-dimensional radiation patterns of the home router antenna simulated and measured in the 5G frequency band are shown in Figure 2. Figure 18 As shown in (a) to (f), due to the hybrid working scheme of leakage wave and resonant radiation, the home router antenna has omnidirectional radiation capability in the 5G frequency band while maintaining good beam pointing stability. At the three frequency points of 5.15GHz, 5.5GHz and 5.85GHz, the measured radiation angles are -2.5°, 1° and 3.5° respectively, basically maintaining in the wide-side direction, which is very suitable for router application scenarios. This result shows that the hybrid of leakage wave and resonant schemes further reduces the dispersion effect of leakage wave radiation, which is one of the advantages of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention compared to traditional leakage wave antennas.

[0062] Figure 19 for Figure 14 The antenna efficiency diagrams of the simulated and measured home router antennas are shown. Antenna efficiency refers to the ratio of the antenna's radiated power to its input power, and is an important indicator for measuring antenna performance. The difference between total efficiency and radiation efficiency lies in whether the port matching status is taken into account. Most terminal-matched leaky-wave antennas have high radiation efficiency, but some energy will be absorbed by the terminal load, so unless the antenna is made longer to maximize energy radiation, their total efficiency is usually low, which is not conducive to the miniaturization design of leaky-wave antennas. The antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention changes the terminal matching load to a resonant patch, avoiding the above-mentioned problem and thus obtaining higher antenna efficiency. As shown Figure 19 As shown in the simulation, the radiation efficiency and total efficiency of the antenna in the 2.4G and 5G frequency bands are maintained above 90%. Figure 14 In actual home router antenna measurements, the total radiation efficiency of the two antennas was 83.1% and 81.5% in the 2.4 GHz band, and 86.5% and 86.1% in the 5 GHz band, respectively. These performances are superior to those of other antennas used in WLAN systems.

[0063] In summary, the antenna of the present invention has the characteristics of broadband + omnidirectional radiation, which not only retains the broadband characteristics of the leaky wave antenna, but also maintains the advantages of high efficiency and high radiation efficiency of the resonant antenna, and realizes WLAN dual-band broadband omnidirectional full coverage.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and do not limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: It includes an upper conductor and a lower conductor that extend in the same direction and are not in direct contact, wherein the upper conductor includes a radiation section and a resonant patch in sequence along the extension direction; The lower conductor includes a plurality of separated second substructures in sequence along the extension direction. The radiation section of the first end of the upper conductor and the second substructure of the first end of the lower conductor are respectively connected to the central feed line and the ground of the feeding coaxial line. The feeding coaxial line feeds the upper conductor and the lower conductor, and emits electromagnetic waves outward through the upper conductor and the lower conductor to achieve omnidirectional broadband radiation characteristics.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The radiating section is a stripline.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The radiation section includes a feeding section and a modulation period. The modulation period includes a plurality of periodic first substructures sequentially arranged along an extension direction. Each first substructure includes a comb line and a strip line.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The periodic structure length of the multiple periodic first substructures is p, p=1 / 4λ~λ, the interval width between adjacent second substructures of the lower conductor is d, d=1 / 4λ~λ, and p>d, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The upper conductor and the lower conductor are separated by a dielectric substrate or an air layer.

6. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The length of the radiation section is l, where l=3 / 4λ to 3λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The multiple second substructures of the lower conductor are directly separated by air or electrically connected by narrow wires. The interval width between adjacent second substructures of the lower conductor is d, d=1 / 4λ~λ, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna.

8. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The antenna operates in 2.4G and 5G frequency bands.

9. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The feeding section at the first end of the upper conductor includes a microstrip line with a trapezoidal size change, and is used to be connected to the feeding coaxial line.

10. A communication device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a radio frequency circuit and the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the radio frequency circuit is used for communicating using the antenna.

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